Na antissepsia peri-bucal pré-operatória de exodontias deve-se utilizar clorexidina ou pvp-i? / Should chlorhexidine or pvp-i be used in preoperative peri-oral antisepsis of extractions?

A odontologia contemporânea tem se preocupado de grande maneira com o aumento de transmissão de doenças infecto-contagiosas e contaminação cruzada no sítio cirúrgico. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a eficácia da antissepsia em efeito imediato de dois antissépticos na redução bacteriana da região peri-bucal, previamente aos procedimentos cirúrgicos em exodontia. A pesquisa foi realizada nas clínicas odontológicas do Centro de Ensino Superior dos Campos Gerais (CESCAGE), localizado na cidade de Ponta Grossa-PR. Para realização do experimento foram coletadas amostras de 38 pacientes. Em cada paciente foram colhidas 3 amostras, divididas essas em 3 grupos: Grupo A: Material Controle, Grupo B: Digluconato de Clorexidina a 2% e Grupo C: PVP-I (polivinilpirrolidona-iodo). Em 12 pacientes foram enriquecidas as placas com o caldo de BHI (Infusão Cérebro Coração). Nos demais 26 pacientes as amostras foram coletadas sem o uso do caldo de BHI. Nos resultados com a utilização do caldo de BHI, as amostras sofreram alterações, pois esse enriqueceu as colônias de bactérias, promovendo o seu crescimento desproporcional e exacerbado e inativando o efeito dos antissépticos, não tendo um resultado confiável. Em relação aos 26 pacientes sem uso do caldo de BHI, compreende-se que o digluconato de clorexidina a 2% das 26 amostras coletadas, em 2 mostrou-se não eficaz, em 13 razoável e em 11 eficaz. Já no Grupo PVP-I, 11 mostraram- -se não eficazes, sendo 10 amostras razoáveis e 5 eficazes. Portanto, pode-se concluir que a clorexidina apresentou resultados melhores, mostrando-se excelente, com maior redução da carga microbiana do que o PVP-I (AU).

The contemporary dentistry has been really concerned with the increased transmission of infectious diseases and cross contamination at the surgical site. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antisepsis into immediate effect of two antiseptics in bacterial reduction of peri-oral region prior to surgical procedures for extraction. The research was conducted in dental clinics of the Centro de Ensino Superior dos Campos Gerais (CESCAGE), located in the city of Ponta Grossa-PR. To perform the experiment samples of 38 patients were collected. Three samples of each patient were collected and they were divided into 3 groups: Group A: Control Material, Group B: Chlorhexidine Digluconate 2% and Group C: PVP-I (polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine). In 12 patients plates were enriched with BHI broth (Brain Heart Infusion). In the remaining 26 patients samples were collected without the use of BHI broth. In the results with the use of BHI broth, samples have suffered alterations, as this enriched bacteria colonies promoting their disproportionate overgrowth and inactivating the effect of antiseptics, not having a reliable result. In relation to 26 patients without the use of BHI broth, it is understood that the chlorhexidine digluconate 2% of the 26 samples collected showed in two of them to be not effective, in 13 reasonable and in 11 effective. In the PVP-I Group, 11 proved to be not effective, 10 samples reasonable and 5 effective. Therefore, it can be concluded that chlorhexidine presented best results, showing to be excellent, with greater reduction of microbial load than PVP-I (AU).

Detection and characterization of human rotavirus in hospitalized patients in the cities of Ponta Grossa, Londrina and Assai - PR, Brazil

Acute diarrheal disease is still one of the major public health problems worldwide. Rotaviruses (RV) are the most important viral etiologic agents and children under five years of age are the target population. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rate of RV infection in hospitalized patients due to acute diarrhea in the cities of Ponta Grossa, Londrina and Assai - Paraná. METHODS: Latex agglutination (LA); immunochromatography (ICG); polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and negative staining electron microscopy (ME) tests were used to detect the virus. For the genotyping, RT-PCR and RT-PCR-ELISA were used, respectively, for NSP4 and VP4/VP7. RESULT: Out of 124 samples there were 69 positive stool samples for RV, for at least one of the used tests, 67 of them being RV group A (RV-A). Overall, most of the RV positive stool samples came from children under thirteen years of age. However, 12 positive cases occurred in patients aged 13 years or above, including an 81-year old patient. CONCLUSION: The data showed similar electropherotypes and genotypes G, P and NSP4 of the inland wild circulating strains of RV.

Detection and characterization of human rotavirus in hospitalized patients in the cities of Ponta Grossa, Londrina and Assai - PR, Brazil.

UNLABELLED: Acute diarrheal disease is still one of the major public health problems worldwide. Rotaviruses (RV) are the most important viral etiologic agents and children under five years of age are the target population. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rate of RV infection in hospitalized patients due to acute diarrhea in the cities of Ponta Grossa, Londrina and Assai - Paraná. METHODS: Latex agglutination (LA); immunochromatography (ICG); polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and negative staining electron microscopy (ME) tests were used to detect the virus. For the genotyping, RT-PCR and RT-PCR-ELISA were used, respectively, for NSP4 and VP4/VP7. RESULT: Out of 124 samples there were 69 positive stool samples for RV, for at least one of the used tests, 67 of them being RV group A (RV-A). Overall, most of the RV positive stool samples came from children under thirteen years of age. However, 12 positive cases occurred in patients aged 13 years or above, including an 81-year old patient. CONCLUSION: The data showed similar electropherotypes and genotypes G, P and NSP4 of the inland wild circulating strains of RV.

Rotavirus diarrhea in children and adults in a southern city of Brazil in 2003: distribution of G/P types and finding of a rare G12 strain.

Between May and August in 2003, a total of 251 fecal samples were collected from children and adults with diarrhea (5 inpatients and 246 outpatients) at a private hospital in the city of Ponta Grossa, the state of Paraná, Brazil. Group A rotavirus was detected in 71 of 251 (28.3%) specimens: 55 (77.5%) from children under 5 years of age and 16 (22.5%) from individuals aged 6-72 years. All 71 strains exhibited a "long" RNA pattern when analyzed by PAGE. Sixty-one positive samples that yielded enough RNA were submitted to PCR genotyping. The most frequent G/P genotype combination detected was G1P[8] (86.9%; 53/61) followed by G9P[8] (3.3%; 2/61) and G12P[9] (1.6%; 1/61). Rotaviruses with G2, G3, G4, P[4], or P[6] specificity were not detected. For three strains (4.9%) bearing G1 genotype, the VP4 specificity could no be determined, and two specimens (3.3%) remained G/P non-typeable. One rotavirus strain (HC91) bearing G12P[9] genotype with a "long" electropherotype was isolated from an 11-month-old boy with diarrhea for the first time in Brazil. The cell-culture grown HC91 strain was shown to belong to serotype G12 by neutralization.