[Effect of hyperimmune antibovine rabbit serum (blood) on the growth and reactivity of hypotrophic pigs]. / Vliianie na khiperimunen antibovinen zaeshki serum (kruv) vurkhu prirasta i reaktivnostta pri khipotrofichni praseta.

Investigated was the influence of hyperimmune antibovine rabbit serum (blood) on the growth and reactivity in hypotrophic pigs. The sample pigs were injected subcutaneously 2 times (with interval 15 days) with 0.5 cm3 solution of lyophilized blood, extracted from immunized with bovine serum rabbits. For a solvent was used 10% solution of Vitamin C. The used in the experiment serum had a titer over 10,000, total albumin--20.15, albumin--7.26, alpha-globulin--3.22, beta-globulin--1.62, gamma-globulin--8.05 mmol/l. The control pigs were treated with the solvent. It was established, that for 30 days the daily growth of the control pigs was bigger with 100 g in comparison with the experimental pigs. Reliably was increased (P less than 0.02) the aggregate phagocytic ability of the blood. The average haemoglobin content and the haematocrit were on the limit of reliability (P less than 0.05). The common condition of the experimental pigs was much better. It was prepared a stable blood medicine, suitable for long storage, easily applicable in the industrial pig farming.

[Dynamic aspects of mineral metabolism in dry cows, puerperants and calves]. / Dinamika na niakoi strani ot mineralniia metabolizum pri sukhostoini kravi, rodilki i teleta.

It is investigated the calcium, phosphorous and magnesium homeostasis in cows in the dry period, cows in child-birth and calves in connection with the diarrhea in the newborn during the neonatal period, with the respiratory syndrome in the growing up, with the sterility in heifers, with the stillborn, with estrous and postestrous metrorrhagia. It was ascertained a close dependence in the value of Ca, P and Mg in the different physiologic groups of a given farm. It was ascertained that the newborn from mothers with lower serum values of Ca of 2.5 mmol/l, P of 1.8 mmol/l and Mg of 0.70 mmol/l suffer from diarrhea, endotoxic shock, tetany etc. during the neonatal period. Hypocalcemia is registered in the calves with a respiratory syndrome (2.20 mmol/l), sterile heifers (2.39 mmol/l). In all cases is ascertained hypophosphorosis and hypomagnesemia especially in the calves with a respiratory syndrome (P = 1.24 and Mg = 0.46 mmol/l), cows with a still born calves (P = 0.92 and Mg = 0.54 mmol/l) with metrorrhagia (P = 0.93 and Mg = 0.71 mmol/l). The diagnostic value of the product Ca X P X Mg is discussed. A reversible relationship between them is ascertain In comparison with the ideal in which Ca X P X Mg is 11.11 and the ratio--1.09, in the above mentioned diseases the product decreases and the ratio increases. The differences are graded which shows their mutual origin. It was established experimentally that the addition with a medical aim to the ration of the green pea-oats and green rye during spring and summer, such as oats in winter for the pregnant cows has a decisive effect on the living of the newborn. It was ascertained as well that in extra situations a component containing, calcium gluconate, magnesium sulphate, sodium salicylate, analgin, B1 vitamin, vitamin C, sodium phosphate, glucose and sodium chlorate (if necessary sulfathiazole) injected s.c. 5 times to the pregnant cows 15-5 days before childbirth has a positive effect on the new-born calves.

[Assimilation of colostral immunoglobulins by calves]. / Usvoiavane na kolastralnite imunoglobulini pri teleta.

The utilization of colostral immunoglobulins was followed up in calves as dependent on the age of dams, the technology of raising and feeding, the season of calving, and the time of the first intake of colostrum after birth. The experiments were carried out with a total of 66 calves. Highest values of blood serum gammaglobulins were found at the 24th hour following birth. No essential differences were established in the utilization of immunoglobulins in dependence on the season. The delay in the first intake of colostrum after the sixth hour following birth led to lower absorption of the colostral immunoglobulins. Calves that were born by heifers remained with hypogammaglobulinemia over the entire period of investigation.

[Use of nonspecific agents and vaccination in bronchopneumonia prevention in cattle]. / Profilaktika na teleta ot bronkhopnevmoniia, tretirani s nespetsifichni sredstva i vaksini.

A group of 463 calves, kept under one and the same conditions of tending and feeding, were followed up from the fifteenth day after birth up to one year of age, after treatment by subgroups with a hyperimmune antibovine rabbit serum, biomass of chlorella, a tissue preparation of swine embryos, and vaccines against mucosal diseases and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. The experiment revealed that those of the calves that were treated with a combination of chlorella biomass and a hyperimmune antibovine rabbit serum were most in number (80 per cent) that did not contract and develop diseases. Calves that were individually treated with each single one of these two agents also showed a high percent of intacts --72-73%. Third ranked the subgroup of animals in remaining unaffected with diseases (56 to 60 per cent) that were treated with the MD and IBR vaccines and the swine embryo tissue preparation.

[Temperature reaction of swine treated with a biomass of microalgae]. / Prouchvane na temperaturnata reaktsiia pri svine, tretirani s biomasa ot mikrovodorasli.

Studied was the effect of a microalgae suspension on the pyrogenic response in pigs. It was found that the single or manifold muscular application of a 10 per cent suspension of microalgae of the Chlorella and Scenedesmus species at the rate of 3 to 5 cm3 led to a transient (up to 6 hours) rise of body temperature.

[Dynamics of weight gain in calves fed with microalgae]. / Dinamika na prirasta pri tele a, tretirani s biomasa ot mikrovodorasli.

Studied was the effect of biomass of freshwater microalgae on the dynamics of the weight gain in calves. A total of ten test calves aged 10 days were treated three time subcutaneously at 15-day intervals with 5 cm3 each of a 10 per cent suspension of biomass of such algae. Higher gain was established on the 10th, 25th, 40th, 60th, and 90th day after birth as compared to the 5 control calves. It was also found that the daily growth rate with the test animals was higher than the that of the control -- 112, 84, 87, and 62 g,-respectively, however, the difference proved statistically insignificant. Significant in this sense was the rise of the gain in the twice treated hypotrophic calves at 15-day interval as compared with the untreated animals. The total gain with the calves treated for 30 days was 3.9 g higher than that with the control calves. The daily gain was 837 +/- 23 g for the test animals and 707 +/- 13 g for the control animals.

[Reactivity changes in calves during transportation]. / Promeni v reaktivnostta na teletata pri transportirane.

The activity of 38 calves aged 15-30 days of the Simenthal breed and of crosses with Ireshire was studied before and after transportaton at a distance of 38-100 km. It was established that transportation causes fatigue, thirst and a weight reduction of 4.3 kg, due to loss of liquid in the calf's organism. Caughing, soft faeces, even diarrhea, 1.5 degrees C higher rectal temperature, and 3.0 degrees C lower skin temperature, were recorded. the MacClure--Oldridge test proved twice as fast. As a result of hemoconcentration hemoglobin and hematocrite were higher. Eosinopaenia and neutrophylia with a nuclear deviation to the left similar to the reaction of experimentally induced lipopolysaccharide fever were established. On the 72d hour lymphocytosis and an enhanced lymhocytal index were observed. Transportation led to 15-18% higher number of phagocyted neutrophyls, 30-35% higher Wright number and nearly two times higher total blood phagocytal ability. Seventy two hours after two times higher total blood phagocytal ability. Seventy two hours after transportation the total blood phagocytal ability was reduced 15%. Another effect of calf transportation was the reduced total immunological reactivity, scored by the skin test of Yoffe.

[Changes in the white blood cell picture of calves commercially raised for the 1st 30 days after birth]. / Promeni v bialata kruvna kartina na teleta, otglezhdani pri promishleni usloviia v purvite 30 dni ot razhdaneto.

The changes were studied in the white blood picture of calves commercially raised from day 1 to 30 after birth. It was found that eosinopenia sets on following day 3 postpartum and persists to day 22 while aneosinophilia persists to day 11 after birth, this being at the expense of lobocytes. It was further found that when calves are first fed pooled milk neutrophil total number rises temporarily--mostly young neurophils (red nucluar cells to metamyelocytes). It is suggested that this may be due to their release from the depots.

[Serum sialic acid concentration in healthy cattle and cattle with bronchopneumonia]. / Susurzhanie na sialova kiselina v kruven serum pri bolni i zdravi goveda ot bronkhonevmoniia.

Studied was the content of sialic acid in the blood serum of cattle at different age and in the conditions of bronchopneumonia. It was found that at birth the calves showed considerably higher values of sialic acid as against the adult normal animals. At the age of 15--30 days sialic acid in calves reached the level in adult animals. In diseased animals (bronchopneumonia and arthritis) sialic acid rose dependably. It is believed that this is the result of inflammatory and destructive processes as with intensive treatment the blood level of sialic acid drops to that in normal animals. The determination of sialic acid level in the blood serum is suggested as a routine method in veterinary medicine to control the general status and the recovery of animals.

[Na and K content in the blood and feces of healthy newborn calves and in those ill with dyspepsia]. / Sudurzhanie na Na i K v kruvta i fekaliite pri zdravi i zaboleli ot dispepsii novorodeni teleta.

Investigations on natrium and potassium content in erythrocites, plasma and faeces of healthy calves and in calves suffering from gastrointestinal disturbances aged 1 to 20 days were carried out. A clearly expressed trend toward reduction of potassium and increase of natrium content in erythrocites with age was established. Natrium content rose from 47 mg% in one-day old calves to 76.1 mg% in 20 day-old ones, while potassium was reduced from 203.89 mg% to 131.70 mg% respectively. The same rate of natrium and potassium changes was preserved in sick calves, but Na values in this case were higher as compared to these in healthy animals. Potassium content in erythrocites of recovered 6 to 10 day-old calves increased. Standard values of natrium and potassium in faeces of calves of the same age are presented. It was established that natrium content in faeces of new born calves is higher, while the content of potassium is lower as compared to that in faeces of 10 day-old calves. In case of sickness Na and K contents in the faeces rose while post recovery it became normal again. The investigation contributes for the elucidation of the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disturbances in calves and for the improvement of the method used in Na and K assessment in biological materials.

[Changes in the sialic acid content in the blood serum of calves with bronchopneumonia following treatment]. / Promeni v sudurzhanieto na sialovata kiselina v kruvniia serum na teleta, bolni ot bronkhopnevmoniia sled tretirane.

The effect of a combination of calcium gluconate, magnesium sulfuricum, natrium salycilate, analgin, vit. C, vit. B1 and norsulfasol diluted in physiological solution of natrium chloride and 5% glucose was investigated. The combination was applied intravenously or per os on two groups of calves suffering from bronchopneumonia. It was established that in calves treated with the combination sialic acid is reduced as compared to calves treated only with antibiotics. Therefore it is recommended to apply in the therapy of bronchopneumonia along with antibiotics also antiinflammatory means and medicative whole milk nourishment.

[Changes in the biochemical indices of reactivity in calves with subacute bronchopneumonia treated with hyperimmune serum]. / Promeni v niakoi biokhimichni pokazateli na reaktivnostta pri bolni ot subakutna bronkhopnevmoniia teleta, tretirani s khiperimunen serum.

Changes in some biochemical indices characterizing the reactivity of calves suffering from bronchopneumonia following treatment with hiperimmune anti-bovine rabbit serum were investigated. It was established that beta-lipoproteins, sialic acid and amilase activity of blood serum were positively affected and the calves recovered following treatment with hiperimmune serum. Results obtained substantiate the conclusion that hiperimmune anti-bovine rabbit serum should be used in combination with chemicotherapeutical means for medical treatment of calf bronchopneumonia.

[Effect of drugs on the pyrogenic reactivity of sheep]. / Vliianie na niakoi medikamenti vurkhu pirogennata reaktivnost pri ovtse.

Investigated was the effect of coffeine, bromine, atropine, and pilocarpine on the course of experimentally induced (by means of an Alcaligenes falcalis lipopolysaccharide) pyrogenic response in sheep. It was noted that coffeine aggravated, and bromine and partly atropine made more feasible the manifestation of the pyrogenic response in these animals. Pilocarpine enhanced some of the functions of the body while this reaction tookplace. Some arguments are given to elucidate the mechanism of the pyrogenic response.

[Serum amylase activity in calves, lambs, goats, rabbits and chicks]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu amilaznata aktivnost na kruven serum ot teleta, agneta, kozi, zaitsi i pileta.

Investigated was the serum amylase activity in calves at different age, in lambs, goats, rabbits, and birds. Some species variations were established in the amylase activity, it being highest in rabbits, followed by birds, cattle, goats, and sheep. In calves after drinking colostrum the amylase activity dropped, rapidly assuming the same values as in adult cattle. It was found that in cows with chronic arthritis, endometritis, and mastitis as well as in cases of subacute cases of pneumonia in calves, as compared to normal animals, the serum amylase activity was lower.

[Effect of lactoplasmin, gamma-globulin, Filatov's swine embryo tissue preparation and hyperimmune rabbit serum on several hematologic indices and morbidity among cattle with bronchopneumonia]. / Vliianie na laktoplazmin, gamma-globulin tukanen preparat ot svinski embrioni po Filatov i khiperimunen zaeshki serum burkhu niakoi khematologichni pokazateli i zaboliaemostta na teletata ot bronkhopnevmoniia

Studied was the effect of lactoplasmin, gamma-globulin, a tissue preparation of swine embryos after Filatov, and a hyperimmune rabbit serum on the hemopoieis, the white blood picture, and the morbidity rate in calves with bronchopneumonia. It was found that these preparations influence favourably the white blood picture, the clotting time of blood, and the resistance of calves. With the test calves the morbidity rate was lower than in the controls. Best prophylactic effect was produced with use of tissue preparations and lactoplasmin.

[Effect of Filatov's tissue preparation and and a globulin preparation on weight gain in calves]. / Vliianie na tukanen preparat po Filatov i na globulinovi preparati vurkhu prirasta na teletata

A comparitive experiment was carried out with 81 calves, aged 4-15 days, to establish the effect of a tissue preparation of swine embryos after Filatov, colostral lactoplasmin, and bovine gammaglobulin as prophylactic and therapeutic means, on the sera proteins. It was found that these preparations show no influence on the protein fraction ratio. It has also been pointed out that these agents produce a strong stimulative effect on the average daily weight gain of calves up to the sixtieth day following treatment.