Electronic structure and reactivity indexes of cobalt clusters, both pure and mixed with NO and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]).

Among the most popular motivations for environmental scientists is improving materials that could be useful to fight or avoid pollution. This work shows a study of neutral and cationic cobalt clusters from 4 to 9 atoms ([Formula: see text], q = 0,1 and n = 4-9) to model their separate interaction with contaminant nitric and nitrous oxides. This study is within the framework of the density functional theory in the Kohn-Sham scheme by using BPW91 functional and 6-311G and 6-31G* basis sets to calculate global and local reactivity indexes. The effect of spin multiplicity is also determined. Results on the geometries of pure cobalt clusters agree with previously reported structures. Global minimum energy structures showed a marked preference towards the interaction of nitric and nitrous oxide molecules with cobalt clusters through chemisorptive dissociation, with the dissociation of the corresponding nitrogen oxide. Reactivity indexes reveal an even-odd alternate, which is related to electron counts. Moreover, the chemical potential is lowering after interaction with nitrogen oxides. The Fukui function illustrates the reactive zones with a high probability of chemisorption of more nitrogen oxide molecules.

Anatomical Assessment of the Thorax in the Neonatal Foal Using Computed Tomography Angiography, Sectional Anatomy, and Gross Dissections.

The purpose of this study was to correlate the anatomic features of the normal thorax of neonatal foals identified by CTA, with anatomical sections and gross dissections. Contrast-enhanced transverse CTA images were obtained in three neonatal foals using a helical CT scanner. All sections were imaged with a bone, mediastinal, and lung windows setting. Moreover, cardiac volume-rendered reconstructed images were obtained. After CT imaging, the cadaver foals were sectioned and dissected to facilitate the interpretation of the intrathoracic cardiovascular structures to the corresponding CTA images. Anatomic details of the thorax of neonatal foals were identified according to the characteristics of CT density of the different organic tissues and compared with the corresponding anatomical sections and gross dissections. The information obtained provided a valid anatomic pattern of the thorax of foals, and useful information for CTA studies of this region.

Anatomic Study of the Elbow Joint in a Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Gross Dissections.

The objective of our research was to describe the normal appearance of the bony and soft tissue structures of the elbow joint in a cadaver of a male mature Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) scanned via MRI. Using a 0.2 Tesla magnet, Spin-echo (SE) T1-weighting, and Gradient-echo short tau inversion recovery (GE-STIR), T2-weighting pulse sequences were selected to generate sagittal, transverse, and dorsal planes. In addition, gross dissections of the forelimb and its elbow joint were made. On anatomic dissections, all bony, articular, and muscular structures could be identified. The MRI images allowed us to observe the bony and many soft tissues of the tiger elbow joint. The SE T1-weighted MR images provided good anatomic detail of this joint, whereas the GE-STIR T2-weighted MR pulse sequence was best for synovial cavities. Detailed information is provided that may be used as initial anatomic reference for interpretation of MR images of the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) elbow joint and in the diagnosis of disorders of this region.

Anatomic and magnetic resonance imaging features of the salivary glands in the dog.

The aim of the study was to describe the anatomical location and the topographic relationship of the major salivary glands to associated tissues in six dog cadavers by high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gross anatomical dissections and sections. Spin-echo T1-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes with a 1.5 T magnet. The digastric muscle, the external auditory canal, the eyeball, and the medial pterygoid muscle were the most consistent topographic landmarks for the identification of the mandibular, parotid, and zygomatic salivary glands, respectively. The best differentiation and contrast of the glands was observed in the T2-weighted images. In contrast with the osseous and muscular tissues, the salivary glands appeared hyperintense in greater or lesser measure except for the parotid gland, which displayed a hypointense signal. The rostral part of the monostomatic sublingual gland was precisely located between the tongue and the mylohyoid muscle. The best delineation between the caudal part of the monostomatic sublingual gland and the cranial aspect of the mandibular gland was observed in dorsal MRI at the level of the palate and the branches of the superior dental arcade. Good evaluation of the mandibular, parotid, caudal part of the monostomatic sublingual, zygomatic and buccal ventral glands was possible in sagittal MRI in close relation with the external auditory canal and the temporomandibular joint. The ventral buccal glands were also observed near the buccal vestibule as was the palatine glands within the soft palate.

Long-Term Monitoring of the Internal Energy Distribution of Isolated Cluster Systems.

A method is presented to monitor the internal energy distribution of cluster anions via delayed electron detachment by pulsed photoexcitation and demonstrated on Co_{4}^{-} in an electrostatic ion beam trap. In a cryogenic operation, we calibrate the detachment delay to internal energy. By laser frequency scans, at room temperature, we reconstruct the time-dependent internal energy distribution of the clusters. The mean energies of ensembles from a cold and a hot ion source both approach thermal equilibrium. Our data yield a radiative emission law and the absorptivity of the cluster for thermal radiation.

Sectional anatomic and magnetic resonance imaging features of the head of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta).

OBJECTIVE: To compare anatomic features of cross-sectional specimens with those of MRI images of the heads of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). ANIMALS: 5 cadavers of juvenile female loggerhead sea turtles. PROCEDURES: Spin-echo T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI scans were obtained in sagittal, transverse, and dorsal planes with a 0.2-T magnet and head coil. Head specimens were grossly dissected and photographed. Anatomic features of the MRI images were compared with those of gross anatomic sections of the heads from 4 of these turtles. RESULTS: In the MRI images, anatomic details of the turtles' heads were identified by the characteristics of signal intensity of various tissues. Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled on the MRI images and corresponding anatomic sections. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The MRI images obtained through this study provided valid information on anatomic characteristics of the head in juvenile loggerhead sea turtles and should be useful for guiding clinical evaluation of this anatomic region in this species.

Structural changes in marinated fillets of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) during vacuum storage at refrigerated temperature.

Fillets of Sparus aurata were marinated in a mixture of salt (5.5%) and citric acid (48.9 g/kg) for 1 h, then vacuum packed and refrigerated for 1, 5, 16, and 21 d. Structural and ultrastructural parameters were evaluated in 6 specimens per time period. At day 1, the preservative solution appeared among the muscle fibers, thus increasing the interfibrillar spaces; cytoplasmic organelles were swollen and the sarcolemma-endomysium appeared very altered and electron-dense. At 5 to 10 d, the marinade solution had penetrated into the muscle fibers. The subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar spaces were dilated and granular lines of electron-dense material appeared among the fibers. From 16 d, broad interfibrillar spaces were occupied by granular material derived from denatured sarcolemma-endomysium and denatured myofibrils. Sarcomeres were already altered from initial stages, mainly at the I-band level. The Z-line also appeared disrupted. Such alterations were more severe from 10 d on, such that most of the sarcomeres showed disintegration of myofilaments.

Mifepristona 5 mg frente a 10 mg diarios en el tratamiento del leiomioma. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado / 5 mg versus 10 mg mifepristone daily in the treatment of leiomyoma: A randomised clinical trial

Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de 5 mg o 10 mg diarios de mifepristona durante 3 meses para el tratamiento del fibroma. Material y métodos 90 mujeres con fibromatosis uterina sintomática se asignaron aleatoriamente a recibir 5 o 10mg de mifepristona (45 por grupo). Mediante ultrasonografía abdominal se calcularon los volúmenes del fibroma y del útero. La eficacia se estimó por la reducción de los volúmenes del fibroma, del útero y la prevalencia de los síntomas. Resultados El fibroma se redujo en 60,8% (p<0,001) y 59,4% (p<0,001) en los grupos de 5 y 10mg, respectivamente. Hubo disminuciones muy significativas de los síntomas del fibroma en cada grupo de tratamiento. En los grupos de 5 y 10mg estaban amenorreicas el 86,4 y el 93,0% de las mujeres, respectivamente. No hubo ninguna hiperplasia endometrial. Conclusiones Ambos tratamientos fueron eficaces en el tratamiento del mioma uterino (AU)

Objective To estimate the efficacy and safety of 5 mg or 10 mg mifepristone daily in the treatment of leiomyoma. Material and methods Ninety women with symptomatic uterine myomas were randomised to receive 5mg or 10mg of mifepristone (45 per group). Leiomyomata and uterine volumes were evaluated by ultrasonography. Efficacy was estimated by the reduction of the leiomyomata and uterine volumes and the prevalence of symptoms. Results After treatment, in the 5mg group there was a 60.8%, (P<.001), reduction in the fibroid volume and it was 59.4%, (P<.001), in the 10mg group. The prevalence of symptoms decreased significantly. After treatment, 93.8% subjects from the 10mg mifepristone group and 86.4% subjects from the 5mg group were amenorrheic, respectively. Conclusions Both treatments were effective for treating uterine fibroids (AU)

Black and bright-blood sequences magnetic resonance angiography and gross sections of the canine thorax: an anatomical study.

In this study, images of the canine thorax in transverse, dorsal and sagittal planes were obtained by black-blood T1 spin-echo pulse sequence and bright-blood gradient-echo sequence magnetic resonance imaging. The images were correlated with macroscopic cryosections and anatomical dissection of cadavers with blood vessels containing latex. Non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography was obtained from two mature Beagle breed dogs. Macroscopic sections and dissections were performed in three dogs. Black and bright-blood angiography diagnostic methods are complementary and provide an accurate depiction of the vascular canine thorax.

How useful is plastination in learning anatomy?

In recent years plastination has begun to revolutionize the way in which human and veterinary gross anatomy can be presented to students. The study reported here assessed the efficacy of plastinated organs as teaching resources in an innovative anatomy teaching/learning system. The main objective was to evaluate whether the use of plastinated organs improves the quality of teaching and learning of anatomy. For this purpose, we used an interdepartmental approach involving the departments of Veterinary Anatomy, Human Anatomy, Veterinary Surgery, and Education Development and Research Methods. The knowledge base of control and experimental student groups was examined before and after use of the fixed or plastinated resources, respectively, to gather information evaluating the effectiveness of these teaching resources. Significant differences (p < 0.001) between control and experimental groups of Human and Veterinary Anatomy were observed in the post-test results. The Veterinary Surgery students had the most positive opinion of the use of plastinated specimens. Using these data, we were able to quantitatively characterize the use of plastinated specimens as anatomy teaching resources. This analysis showed that all the plastinated resources available were heavily used and deemed useful by students. Although the properties of plastinated specimens accommodate student needs at various levels, traditional material should be used in conjunction with plastinated resources.

Correlation of magnetic resonance images with anatomic features of the equine tarsus.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate anatomic features of the equine tarsus identified in plastinated sections with images obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ANIMALS: 4 horses. PROCEDURE: MRI (1.5-Tesla magnet) of the tarsus was performed on the pelvic limbs of 4 clinically normal horses following euthanasia. After imaging, tarsocrural joint spaces and vasculature were injected with colored latex. Sagittal and transverse sections of the tarsi were plastinated to facilitate interpretation of MR images. RESULTS: Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled on the plastinated tissue slices and corresponding MR images. Results indicated high correlations between MRI findings and those of plastinated sections. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data obtained provided certain reference standards for normal anatomic structure sizes and positions in the equine tarsus. This information may aid future physiologic or clinical studies of this joint.

Síndrome febril prolongado y vasculitis cutánea tipo Wegener: caso clínico / Prolonged fever syndrome and cutaneous vasculitis of Wegener type: clinical case

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 18 años, previamente sana, quien un mes antes de su ingreso al Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas presenta ciadro febrilñ, compromiso del estado general, lesiones ulceradas en piel y paladar blando, nódulo pulmonar en radiografía de tórax y sedimento de orina compatible con daño renal, diagnosticándose Granulomatosis de Wegener por clínica y biopsia de piel, fascia y músculo. Se inicia tratamiento con prednisona y ciclofosfamida en ciclos a pesar de lo cual evoluciona desfavorablemente, con progresión de su enfermedad de base, falleciendo después de 78 días de evolución a causa de septicemia por pseudomona aeruginosa. En la necropsia se encuentra angeítis necrotizante tipo Wegener con compromiso cutáneo, laríngeo, pulmonar y renal