Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Mexican Adults.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased worldwide, and since 2012, prevalence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia has increased in Mexico. Objective: To assess the prevalence of MetS, and its relationship with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among Mexican adults. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study nationally representative, carried out on Mexican adults (≥20-year-old adults of both sexes; n = 4595). Socioeconomic factors, geographic area, health care coverage and previous medical diagnoses of diabetes and hypertension, and smoking were assessed. Anthropometrics, and triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol), creatinine, and glucose plasma levels were measured. The ATP III MetS definition was applied. Results: A MetS prevalence of 44.2% was observed, which was higher in males than females, and increased with age, lower school level, and overweight. Hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-chol, abdominal obesity, and hypertension were higher in people with MetS, and were associated with obesity. Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS in the Mexican adult observed in the ENSADER 2007 was high, and mainly in men than women. Specific associations of MetS with age, scholar level, and body mass index have been found. Obesity and MetS were associated.

Association between the Use of Health Services, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Adults.

Background: The use of health services is a complex behavioral phenomenon affected by multiple factors (availability, distance, cost, quality, attitudes, cultural beliefs, socioeconomic characteristics, and individuals' self-perception of health). Mexico has a segmented health system, and the access to it depends on the labor insertion and the population's ability to pay. Objective: To assess association between use of health services and cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome risk factors among Mexican adults. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional nationally representative study carried out on Mexican adults (≥20-year-old adults of both sexes; n = 4595). Socioeconomic factors, geographic area, health care coverage, information about the use of health services, previous medical diagnoses of diabetes and hypertension, and smoking were assessed. Anthropometrics, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and glucose plasma levels were measured. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Prevalences were expressed in terms of percentages, and significant differences were calculated using χ2 test. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the use of health services and cardiovascular risk factors and sociodemographic variables. Results: The probability of using health services is higher and more significant in subjects with obesity, diabetes (OR (95% CI): 1.73 (1.49-2.00; p < 0.001), hypertension (OR (95% CI): 1.29 (1.14-1.45; p < 0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (OR (95% CI): 1.30 (1.15-1.46; p < 0.001), and in those with hypercholesterolemia (OR (95% CI): 1.23 (1.03-1.39; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Among health service users, there is a positive significant association between the use of health services and the presence of metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia.

Community structure and size-frequency distribution of soft corals in a heavily disturbed reef system in northwestern Philippines.

Soft corals in the Philippines have received little attention. In this study, community structure and size-frequency distribution of soft corals were assessed via quantitative surveys in a heavily disturbed reef system in northwestern Philippines. Relationships between selected environmental parameters and benthic components were also investigated. Results reveal that soft coral cover, density, and taxa richness were lowest at stations nearest a fish farming area, characterized by the poorest water quality. Differences in dominance of taxonomic groups may indicate differences in environmental preference or tolerance. Exposure to waves and water clarity were determined to have high correlations with the distribution of different taxa. Symmetrical size distributions of selected alcyoniids were indicative of healthy populations. However, the negative skewness of Lobophytum may indicate an eventual population decline caused by unfavorable environmental conditions. The study's findings suggest the need to conduct a detailed analysis of the different soft coral variables during coral reef surveys to improve data interpretations necessary for coral reef management in the Philippines.

Eficacia de la analgesia preventiva asociada a la anestesia regional peridural / Effectiveness of preventive analgesia associated to regional peridural anesthesia

El trauma quirúrgico produce sensibilización nociceptiva; ésta, a su vez, se traduce en la amplificación y prolongación del dolor posoperatorio. Existen diferentes formas de bloquearlo, por ejemplo la analgesia preventiva asociada a la utilización de más de un analgésico. Este procedimiento se conoce como sinergia farmacológica multimodal. El objetivo del presente estudio fue el de comprobar que la anestesia regional tipo peridural con fentanilo y lidocaína asociada a la administración de ketorolaco e.v. más la infiltración preincisional de bupivacaína tiene mayores beneficios que la anestesia general con infiltración preincisional de bupivacaína solamente. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de 20 pacientes divididos en dos grupos: I) Anestesia regional tipo peridural con lidocaína y fentanilo asociada a la administración de ketorolaco e.v. más la infiltración preincisional de bupivacaína. II) Anestesia general con infiltración antes de la incisión quirúrgica de bupivacaína. La evaluación del dolor se realizó mediante la escala analógica del dolor; ambos grupos se compararon con el método estadístico de regresión lineal o mínimos cuadrados considerando significativa una r: > 0.88. Resultados: En el grupo I el promedio de dolor referido mediante la escala analógica del dolor en las primeras 12 horas fue de 0.43, mientras que en el grupo II fue de 3.273 (r > 0.88). En la sala de recuperación el valor fue de 0 y 4.35, respectivamente; en el segundo grupo se administró una dosis mayor y más temprana de analgésico. Conclusión: El bloqueo peridural como método de analgesia preventiva demostró ser superior a la anestesia general en la prevención del dolor posoperatorio, disminuyendo los requerimientos de analgésicos en el posoperatorio.