Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para técnicos deportivos acerca de su opinión sobre las actitudes de padres y madres en el deporte (CTPMD) / Design and validation of a questionnaire dealing with coaches´ opinion about attitudes of parents in sport (CTPMD)

El objeto del presente estudio es diseñar y validar un cuestionario para conocer cuál es la opinión de los técnicos deportivos/entrenadores acerca de las actitudes y comportamiento de los padres y madres de los niños de sus Escuelas Deportivas Municipales. La población la formaron 36 técnicos deportivos de diferentes Escuelas Deportivas Municipales de la ciudad de Sevilla, los cuales pertenecían a diferentes modalidades deportivas. La validación del cuestionario se consiguió tras la valoración por parte del juicio de expertos y su fiabilidad y consistencia interna a través del alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el cuestionario es válido y fiable para conocer la percepción y opinión que tiene los técnicos deportivos acerca de la actitud de los padres y madres en el deporte de los niños que ellos dirigen. Esto se observa en las tres sub-escalas derivadas del cuestionario (..) (AU)

The aim of this study is to design and validate a questionnaire for sport coaches in order to know what perceptions, behaviors and attitudes their parents have, regarding the sport of their children, in the Municipal Sport Schools in Seville. The sample consisted of sport technicians from the Municipal Sport School of Seville, who belonged to different disciplines. The validation of the questionnaire was obtained by experts. To show its reliability and internal consistency, the Cronbach's alpha test was run. The results show that the questionnaire is valid and reliable to determine the perception and opinion that has the technical sports about the attitude of parents in the sport of children in (..) (AU)

O objetivo de presente estudo é de validar e desenhar um questionário para conhecer qual és a opinião dos técnicos/treinadores (..) (AU)

Revisión del efecto agudo de las vibraciones mecánicas sobre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza / Review of the acute effect of vibration exercice on different expressions of the strength

Las vibraciones de cuerpo entero (WBV) pueden dar lugar a contracciones musculares reflejas a través de la activación de los husos musculares (Ia), sin embargo, no están claros los mecanismos a través de los cuales éstas podrían mejorarla capacidad neuromuscular. En el presente estudio hemos realizado una revisión sistemática de artículos en los que se han publicado datos relativos a los efectos agudos de las WBV sobre la fuerza en general y la potencia y la capacidad de salto como manifestaciones particulares. Tras la búsqueda de artículos originales escritos en inglés posteriores al año 2000 en las principales bases de datos, un total de 8 artículos, de 408 analizados, cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los principales resultados muestran efectos positivos en la mayoría de los casos, aunque no siempre estadísticamente significativos, fundamentalmente en lo que respecta a la potencia generada y a la capacidad de salto, siendo más dispares en lo referente a la fuerza máxima isométrica y dinámica. Ésta heterogeneidad de resultados puede deberse a las múltiples variables que se pueden regular para este tipo de entrenamiento, las cuales hacen que cada estudio sea diferente y difícil de comparar con los demás. Sin embargo, a partir del análisis de los diferentes estudios, se desprende que la vibraciónes un estímulo potencialmente eficaz para la mejora del rendimiento de forma aguda, sin embargo, es necesario conocer cual es el protocolo de intervención más acertado y si estos efectos se mantienen en el tiempo como resultado de la aplicación a largo plazo, utilizando las WBV como programa de entrenamiento (AU)

A stimulation of Ia-afferents via muscle spindle can be expected by the use of the whole body vibration (WBV), although there is no evidence about the mechanism by which vibrations could to enhance the neuromuscular performance. This review analyses the scientific evidence with regard to the acute effects of WBV on different expressions of the strength, such us muscle power and jump ability. After the search in the main database for original articles write in English since 2000, rating of 8 relevant studies of408 analysed was performed once meeting the inclusion criteria. The main results show positive effects in most of the analysed parameters, although these results are not always statistically significant, primarily with regard to the power and also to the jump ability, being contradictories in terms of isometric and dynamic strength. This heterogeneity of results may be due to the different variables that can be use for this type of training such us frequency, amplitude, acceleration, the position on the machine or duration of the vibration, which means that each study is different and difficult to compare with others. However, based on this evidence we can state that the vibration exercise is a potentially effective stimulus for improving the performance of the athletes, however, it is necessary to know which one is the fittest protocol to each subject and also whether these effects can be maintained over time as a result of a long-term exercise. Therefore more studies are needed to determine the effect on neuromuscular response (AU)

Scale development for measuring and predicting adolescents' leisure time physical activity behavior.

The aim of this study was to develop a scale for assessing and predicting adolescents' physical activity behavior in Spain and Luxembourg using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework. The sample was comprised of 613 Spanish (boys = 309, girls = 304; M age =15.28, SD =1.127) and 752 Luxembourgish adolescents (boys = 343, girls = 409; M age = 14.92, SD = 1.198), selected from students of two secondary schools in both countries, with a similar socio-economic status. The initial 43-items were all scored on a 4-point response format using the structured alternative format and translated into Spanish, French and German. In order to ensure the accuracy of the translation, standardized parallel back-translation techniques were employed. Following two pilot tests and subsequent revisions, a second order exploratory factor analysis with oblimin direct rotation was used for factor extraction. Internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities were also tested. The 4-week test-retest correlations confirmed the items' time stability. The same five factors were obtained, explaining 63.76% and 63.64% of the total variance in both samples. Internal consistency for the five factors ranged from α = 0.759 to α = 0. 949 in the Spanish sample and from α = 0.735 to α = 0.952 in the Luxembourgish sample. For both samples, inter-factor correlations were all reported significant and positive, except for Factor 5 where they were significant but negative. The high internal consistency of the subscales, the reported item test-retest reliabilities and the identical factor structure confirm the adequacy of the elaborated questionnaire for assessing the TPB-based constructs when used with a population of adolescents in Spain and Luxembourg. The results give some indication that they may have value in measuring the hypothesized TPB constructs for PA behavior in a cross-cultural context. Key pointsWhen using the structured alternative format, weak internal consistency was obtained. Rephrasing the items and scoring items on a Likert-type scale enhanced greatly the subscales reliability.Identical factorial structure was extracted for both culturally different samples.The obtained factors, namely perceived physical competence, parents' physical activity, perceived resources support, attitude toward physical activity and perceived parental support were hypothesized as for the original TPB constructs.

Metas sociales y de logro, persistencia-esfuerzo e intenciones de práctica deportiva en el alumnado de Educación Física / Achievement and social goals, persistence-effort, and intentions of sport practice in Physical Education students

Este estudio examinó las relaciones entre las metas de logro y las metas sociales y exploró cómo ambos tipos de metas pueden afectar a la persistencia/esfuerzo del alumnado de Secundaria en las clases de la Educación Física y a sus intenciones futuras de practicar deporte una vez finalizados los estudios de Bachillerato. Los participantes fueron 350 estudiantes de dos institutos asturianos de Educación Secundaria. Los análisis de regresión múltiple revelaron: a) que las metas de responsabilidad social seguidas por las metas de aproximación a maestría y, después, por las metas de evitación de maestría, explicaban en mayor medida la persistencia/esfuerzo en las clases de Educación Física; y b) que las metas de logro son los únicos predictores de la intención de los jóvenes de practicar deporte en un futuro. Se encontraron diferencias en estos valores en función del género y del curso. Estos descubrimientos nos ayudan a entender mejor los procesos que operan en el contexto de la Educación Física. Por último, se debaten sus implicaciones para la mejora de las clases y la mayor implicación activa de los jóvenes en el deporte (AU)

The present study examined the relationship between achievement and social goals, and explored how both types of goals can affect secondary school students’ persistence/effort in Physical Education classes, as well as their intention to participate in sport activities after finishing secondary school. A sample of 350 students (aged 15-17) from two high schools in Asturias participated in the study. Multiple regression analysis showed: a) persistence/effort in physical education classes was better explained by social responsibility goals, followed by mastery-approach goals and masteryavoidance goals; b) achievement goals are the only predictors of young people’s intention of practicing sport in the future. Differences were found in these results according to gender and course. These findings help us better understand the processes involved in Physical Education. Finally, implications to improve classes and to achieve young people’s more active and higher level of implication in sports are discussed (AU)

[Achievement and social goals, persistence-effort, and intentions of sport practice in physical education students]. / Metas sociales y de logro, persistencia-esfuerzo e intenciones de práctica deportiva en el alumnado de Educación Física.

The present study examined the relationship between achievement and social goals, and explored how both types of goals can affect secondary school students' persistence/effort in Physical Education classes, as well as their intention to participate in sport activities after finishing secondary school. A sample of 350 students (aged 15-17) from two high schools in Asturias participated in the study. Multiple regression analysis showed: a) persistence/effort in physical education classes was better explained by social responsibility goals, followed by mastery-approach goals and mastery-avoidance goals; b) achievement goals are the only predictors of young people's intention of practicing sport in the future. Differences were found in these results according to gender and course. These findings help us better understand the processes involved in Physical Education. Finally, implications to improve classes and to achieve young people's more active and higher level of implication in sports are discussed.