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1.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536547

RESUMO

(analítico) Se presentan los resultados sobre cómo se comprende y se asume el bullying, en tanto problema escolar y social, desde la perspectiva infantil. Para ello, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, hermenéutico-comprensiva, con grupos focales mediados por títeres o videos, producción gráfica y narración de historias. Los participantes fueron 626 estudiantes de 5 a 7 años. La comprensión transitó por elementos congruentes con la teoría, como exclusión, acoso verbal, afectación de pertenencias y una nueva tipología: falta de solidaridad. En cuanto a las experiencias, precisan las burlas, el acoso físico y el hurto, asociadas al contexto familiar o a ninguna, estas últimas por la confluencia del espacio escolar y la familia en un mismo lugar en tiempos de educación remota. En cuanto a la solución, está apela a figuras de autoridad, familiares, asumir actitudes reconciliadoras o al juego.


(analytical) The paper presents the results on how bullying, as scholar and social problem, is understood and assumed from the child's perspective. Therefore, a qualitative, hermeneutic-comprehensive research was carried out and focus groups were done by means of moppets and videos, graphic production, and storytelling. The participants were 626 students from 5 to 7 years old. The understanding went through elements consistent with the theory, such as exclusion, verbal harassment, affectation of be-longings and a new typology, lack of solidarity. Regarding the experiences, they specify teasing, physical harassment, theft, associated with the family context or none, the latter due to the confluence of the school space and the family in the same place in times of remote education. As for the solution, it is appealing to authority figures, relatives, assuming reconciliatory attitudes and playing.


(analítico) O artigo apresenta os resultados sobre como o bullying, como um problema social e escolar, é compreendido e assumido na perspectiva da criança. Para isso, realizou-se uma investigação qualitativa, hermenêutica-compreensiva e grupos focais mediados por fantoches ou vídeos, produção gráfica e contação de histórias; os participantes foram 626 alunos de 5 a 7 anos. O entendimento passou por elementos condizentes com a teoria, como exclusão, assédio verbal, afetação de pertences e uma nova tipologia, falta de solidariedade. Quanto às vivências, especificam provocações, assédios físicos, furtos, associados ao contexto familiar ou nenhum, este último devido à confluência do espaço escolar e da família no mesmo local em tempos de educação a distância. Quanto à solução, é apelar a figuras de autoridade, familiares, assumindo atitudes de conciliação e brincadeiras.

2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(21)2023 Oct 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37958610

RESUMO

In this study, we examined the metabolic adaptations of a chemoresistant prostate cancer cell line in comparison to a sensitive cell line. We utilized prostate cancer LNCaP cells and subjected them to a stepwise increase in the antiandrogen 2-hydroxy-flutamide (FLU) concentration to generate a FLU-resistant cell line (LN-FLU). These LN-FLU cells displayed characteristics of cancer stem cells, exhibited drug resistance, and showed a significantly reduced expression of Cyclin D1, along with the overexpression of p16, pointing to a proliferation arrest. In comparing the cancer stem-like LN-FLU cells to the LNCaP cells, we observed a decrease in the expression of CTP-choline cytidylyl transferase α (CCTα), as well as a decline in choline kinase, suggesting altogether a downregulation of the phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic pathway. In addition, we found decreased levels of the protein methyl transferase PRMT2 and the upregulation of the histone deacetylase Sirtuin1 (Sirt1). Analysis of the human prostate cancer samples revealed similar results in a population with high expressions of the stem cell markers Oct4 and ABCB1A1. Our findings suggest that the adaptation of prostate cancer cells to antiandrogens could induce reprogramming into stem cells that survive in a low phosphocholine metabolism and cell cycle arrest and display drug resistance.


Assuntos
Flutamida , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Flutamida/farmacologia , Regulação para Baixo , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Antagonistas de Androgênios/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transferases/metabolismo
3.
Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol ; 72(1): 43-52, 2021 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33878813

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Describe the medium-term safety of the tension free vaginal tape obturator (TVT-O) procedure in terms of complications, cure and changes in quality of life (QoL) after the surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive historical cohort that included women over 18 years of age who underwent TVT-O due to objectively proven stress urinary incontinence, urethral hypermobility or mixed urinary incontinence in which the stress component predominated, confirmed on urodynamic testing between July 2013-April 2017, in a reference hospital located in the city of Murcia Spain. Women with previous anti-incontinence surgery, concomitant vaginal surgery and planning pregnancy were excluded. Follow-up was determined for each patient based on the time elapsed between surgery and the time when the research protocol was applied. Complications were stratified according to the modified Clavien-Dindo classification; also we evaluated subjective cure rate, quality of life using the ICIQ-SF score, before and after surgery. RESULTS: The mean age was 52.6 (SD± 10.5) years and 80.1% of patients were at least overweight. The incidence of complications at 12 months was: 8.3% (12/144). We did not detect complications after this period in the followed patients at 24, 36 and 48 months. The subjective cure determined at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months was 62.5% (90/144), 59.09% (55/88), 50.81% (31/61) and 50% (7/14), respectively. There was a significant improvement in quality of life, as determined by the ICQ-SF mean score before and after surgery (13.76[6,34] vs 3.84[5.76]; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The TVT-O surgery is a safe therapy associated with a low complication incidence at 12 months, an acceptable subjective cure rate in stress urinary incontinence, and quality-of-life improvement. Classifications of complications related to the insertion of the prosthesis and of those inherent to surgery, such as urinary tract infection, are required.


Objetivo: describir la seguridad a mediano plazo del procedimiento con el cabestrillo suburetral transobturador dentro-fuera (en inglés: tension free vaginal tape obturator TVT-O) en términos de: complicaciones, cura y cambios en la calidad de vida después de la cirugía. Materiales y métodos: cohorte histórica descriptiva que incluye mujeres mayores de 18 años intervenidas de TVT-O por incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE) objetivamente comprobada, hipermovilidad uretral o incontinencia urinaria mixta en la que predominó el componente de esfuerzo, confirmada en prueba urodinámica entre julio del 2013 y abril del 2017 en un hospital de referencia ubicado en la ciudad de Murcia, España. Se excluyeron mujeres con cirugía previa de incontinencia, cirugía vaginal concomitante y planificación del embarazo. El seguimiento se determinó para cada paciente por el tiempo transcurrido desde la cirugía hasta el momento en que se aplicó el protocolo de investigación. Las complicaciones se estratificaron según la clasificación de Dindo-Clavien modificada, además, se evaluaron la tasa de curación subjetiva y la calidad de vida mediante el International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) antes y después de la cirugía. Resultados: la edad media de las pacientes fue de 52,59 (DE±10,46) años, el 80,1 % tenía al menos sobrepeso. La incidencia de complicaciones en los primeros 12 meses fue del 8,3%. No detectamos complicaciones después de este periodo en las pacientes seguidas a 24, 36 y 48 meses. La curación subjetiva determinada a los 12, 24, 36 y 48 meses fue del 62,5% (90/144), 59,09% (55/88), 50,81% (31/61) y 50% (7/14), respectivamente. Hubo una mejoría significativa en la calidad de vida, en términos de puntuación media ICQ-SF antes y después de la cirugía (13,76 [6,34] vs 3,84 [5,76]; p < 0,05). Conclusiones: el TVT-O es una terapia segura, con baja tasa de complicaciones a los 12 meses, aceptable tasa de curación subjetiva de la IUE y una mejora en la calidad de vida. Se necesitan clasificaciones de complicaciones relacionadas con la inserción de la prótesis y que incluyan complicaciones inherentes a la cirugía, como la infección del tracto urinario.


Assuntos
Slings Suburetrais , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Espanha/epidemiologia , Slings Suburetrais/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/cirurgia
4.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 72(1): 43-52, Jan.-Mar. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251612

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: Describe the medium-term safety of the tension free vaginal tape obturator (TVT-O) procedure in terms of complications, cure and changes in quality of life (QoL) after the surgery. Materials and methods: Descriptive historical cohort that included women over 18 years of age who underwent TVT-O due to objectively proven stress urinary incontinence, urethral hypermobility or mixed urinary incontinence in which the stress component predominated, confirmed on urodynamic testing between July 2013-April 2017, in a reference hospital located in the city of Murcia Spain. Women with previous anti-incontinence surgery, concomitant vaginal surgery and planning pregnancy were excluded. Follow-up was determined for each patient based on the time elapsed between surgery and the time when the research protocol was applied. Complications were stratified according to the modified Clavien-Dindo classification; also we evaluated subjective cure rate, quality of life using the ICIQ-SF score, before and after surgery. Results: The mean age was 52.6 (SD± 10.5) years and 80.1% of patients were at least overweight. The incidence of complications at 12 months was: 8.3% (12/144). We did not detect complications after this period in the followed patients at 24, 36 and 48 months. The subjective cure determined at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months was 62.5% (90/144), 59.09% (55/88), 50.81% (31/61) and 50% (7/14), respectively. There was a significant improvement in quality of life, as determined by the ICQ-SF mean score before and after surgery (13.76[6,34] vs 3.84[5.76]; p<0.05). Conclusions: The TVT-O surgery is a safe therapy associated with a low complication incidence at 12 months, an acceptable subjective cure rate in stress urinary incontinence, and quality-of-life improvement. Classifications of complications related to the insertion of the prosthesis and of those inherent to surgery, such as urinary tract infection, are required.


RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la seguridad a mediano plazo del procedimiento con el cabestrillo suburetral transobturador dentro-fuera (en inglés: tension free vaginal tape obturator TVT-O) en términos de: complicaciones, cura y cambios en la calidad de vida después de la cirugía. Materiales y métodos: cohorte histórica descriptiva que incluye mujeres mayores de 18 años intervenidas de TVT-O por incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE) objetivamente comprobada, hipermovilidad uretral o incontinencia urinaria mixta en la que predominó el componente de esfuerzo, confirmada en prueba urodinámica entre julio del 2013 y abril del 2017 en un hospital de referencia ubicado en la ciudad de Murcia, España. Se excluyeron mujeres con cirugía previa de incontinencia, cirugía vaginal concomitante y planificación del embarazo. El seguimiento se determinó para cada paciente por el tiempo transcurrido desde la cirugía hasta el momento en que se aplicó el protocolo de investigación. Las complicaciones se estratificaron según la clasificación de Dindo-Clavien modificada, además, se evaluaron la tasa de curación subjetiva y la calidad de vida mediante el International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) antes y después de la cirugía. Resultados: la edad media de las pacientes fue de 52,59 (DE±10,46) años, el 80,1 % tenía al menos sobrepeso. La incidencia de complicaciones en los primeros 12 meses fue del 8,3%. No detectamos complicaciones después de este periodo en las pacientes seguidas a 24, 36 y 48 meses. La curación subjetiva determinada a los 12, 24, 36 y 48 meses fue del 62,5% (90/144), 59,09% (55/88), 50,81% (31/61) y 50% (7/14), respectivamente. Hubo una mejoría significativa en la calidad de vida, en términos de puntuación media ICQ-SF antes y después de la cirugía (13,76 [6,34] vs 3,84 [5,76]; p < 0,05). Conclusiones: el TVT-O es una terapia segura, con baja tasa de complicaciones a los 12 meses, aceptable tasa de curación subjetiva de la IUE y una mejora en la calidad de vida. Se necesitan clasificaciones de complicaciones relacionadas con la inserción de la prótesis y que incluyan complicaciones inherentes a la cirugía, como la infección del tracto urinario.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Incontinência Urinária , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Slings Suburetrais , Qualidade de Vida
5.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1411092

RESUMO

Objetivo Evaluar la asociación entre el cociente de los dedos segundo y cuarto (2D:4D), como un biomarcador de la exposición prenatal a andrógenos, y la presencia de cáncer de próstata (CaP). Métodos Estudio de casos y controles con 260 hombres que consultaron en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía (Murcia, España). Los casos (n = 125) fueron pacientes diagnosticados de CaP por anatomía patológica a los que se les realizó una prostatectomía radical. Los controles (n = 135) fueron pacientes que consultaron en Urología por otro motivo y que no mostraron signos ni síntomas de patología prostática. La longitud del 2D y 4D de la mano derecha fue medida mediante un pie de rey digital y se calculó el cociente entre ambos (2D:4D). Para los análisis estadísticos se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística obteniendo Odds ratios (OR) crudas y ajustadas e intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados Los casos presentaron un cociente 2D:4D significativamente menor que los controles. El cociente 2D:4D se relacionó significativamente con la presencia de CaP. Tras el ajuste multivariante, se observó que los varones que se encontraban en el primer tercil de distribución del cociente 2D:4D, presentaban casi el doble de riesgo de padecer CaP (OR 1,9: IC 95% 1,1­4,0; P-valor = 0,040) en comparación con los varones que se encontraban en el segundo y tercer tercil. Conclusiones Una mayor exposición prenatal a andrógenos, reflejada por un cociente 2D:4D menor, podría estar asociado con riesgo aumentado de padecer CaP, pero más estudios son necesarios para corroborar esos hallazgos.


Objective To evaluate the association between second to fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio, as a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure, and the presence of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods This was a case-control study of 260 men attending a Department of Urology in a Murcia Region hospital (Spain). Cases (n = 125) were patients who underwent radical prostatectomy due to PCa and were diagnosed by specimen's histopathology. Controls (n = 135) were patients who showed no signs or symptoms of prostate disease. The length of 2D and 4D of the right hand was measured two times using a digital caliper, and the ratio calculated (2D:4D). Unconditional multiple logistic regressions [crude and adjusted Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)] were performed to evaluate associations between the 2D:4D ratio and presence of PCa. Results Cases showed significantly lower 2D:4D ratios than controls. 2D:4D ratios were significantly associated with the presence of PCa. After controlling for important covariates, men in the first tertile of the 2D:4D ratio distribution, compared with the second and third tertile, were almost two-times [OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.1­4.0; P-value = 0.040] more likely to have PCa. Conclusions A higher prenatal androgen exposure, indicated by lower 2D:4D ratios, might be associated with higher PCa risk, but further research is needed to confirm these findings in other male populations.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Próstata , Neoplasias da Próstata , Androgênios , Patologia , Prostatectomia , Anafilaxia Cutânea Passiva , Biomarcadores , Dedos
6.
Rev. int. androl. (Internet) ; 17(2): 60-67, abr.-jun. 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-188097

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: La distancia entre los genitales y el ano (distancia anogenital [AGD]) es un reflejo de la concentración de andrógenos durante el desarrollo prenatal en mamíferos. En la actualidad solo existe un estudio que indique la relación entre AGD y riesgo de presentar cáncer de próstata (CaP). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la utilidad clínica de la AGD, como biomarcador del ambiente androgénico prenatal y el riesgo de presentar CaP en una amplia población. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles sobre 260 pacientes, atendidos en la consulta externa de Urología, a los que se sometió a examen físico y andrológico, y cumplimentaron cuestionarios. En los pacientes con CaP (n = 125) hubo confirmación histológica de la enfermedad y se dividió a los pacientes según la puntuación de Gleason acorde con los grupos de riesgo de d'Amico. Los controles (n = 135) fueron hombres sin signos, ni síntomas de CaP que fueron atendidos en la consulta externa de Urología para un examen rutinario. Se midieron 2variantes de AGD (del ano a la base posterior del escroto [AGDAS] y del ano a la inserción cefálica del pene [AGDAP]). Se utilizaron pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas y curvas ROC para determinar la relación entre la AGD y la presencia de CaP. Resultados: La mayor área bajo la curva se obtuvo para el subgrupo de Gleason = 7 con las mediciones AGDAS y AGDAP (0,69; IC del 95%: 0,60-0,78 y 0,69; IC del 95%: 0,61-0,77, respectivamente), con una sensibilidad y especificidad del 83 y el55%, y el 91 y el 41%, un valor predictivo positivo del 39 y el 35%, y predictivo negativo del 90 y el 93%, respectivamente. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados sugieren que la AGD podría ser una herramienta clínica útil para el diagnóstico del CaP


Introduction and objective: The distance from the genitals to the anus (anogenital distance [AGD]) reflects androgen concentration during prenatal development in mammals. At the present time, there is only one study suggesting the relationship between AGD and risk of prostate cancer (CaP). The goal of this study was to assess the performance and clinical utility of AGD, as a biomarker of prenatal androgenic milieu, and risk of CaP in a larger population, in CaP diagnosis. Material and methods: A case-control study was conducted on 260 men seen in a hospital outpatient clinic where underwent a physical and andrological examination and completed a brief questionnaire. CaP patients were confirmed by biopsy of the tumor. Controls were men without CaP seen in the urology outpatient clinic for routine examinations. Two variants of AGD (from the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum [AGDAS] and to the cephalad insertion of the penis [AGDAP]) were measured. Parametric and non-parametric tests and receiver operating characteristic (COR) analyses were used to determine relationships between AGD and presence of CaP. Results: The highest area under the curve (0.69; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.78 and 0.69; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.77) was obtained for the Gleason = 7 subgroup with the AGDAS and AGDAP measurement, with a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 55%, and 91% and 41%, the predictive positive value of 39% and 35% and negative value of 90% and 93% respectively. Conclusion: AGD may be a useful clinical tool for the CaP diagnosis


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Genitália Masculina/anatomia & histologia , Canal Anal/anatomia & histologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
7.
Rev Int Androl ; 17(2): 60-67, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31029439

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The distance from the genitals to the anus (anogenital distance [AGD]) reflects androgen concentration during prenatal development in mammals. At the present time, there is only one study suggesting the relationship between AGD and risk of prostate cancer (CaP). The goal of this study was to assess the performance and clinical utility of AGD, as a biomarker of prenatal androgenic milieu, and risk of CaP in a larger population, in CaP diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 260 men seen in a hospital outpatient clinic where underwent a physical and andrological examination and completed a brief questionnaire. CaP patients were confirmed by biopsy of the tumor. Controls were men without CaP seen in the urology outpatient clinic for routine examinations. Two variants of AGD (from the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum [AGDAS] and to the cephalad insertion of the penis [AGDAP]) were measured. Parametric and non-parametric tests and receiver operating characteristic (COR) analyses were used to determine relationships between AGD and presence of CaP. RESULTS: The highest area under the curve (0.69; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.78 and 0.69; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.77) was obtained for the Gleason=7 subgroup with the AGDAS and AGDAP measurement, with a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 55%, and 91% and 41%, the predictive positive value of 39% and 35% and negative value of 90% and 93% respectively. CONCLUSION: AGD may be a useful clinical tool for the CaP diagnosis.


Assuntos
Canal Anal/anatomia & histologia , Pênis/anatomia & histologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Escroto/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Idoso , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
8.
Arch Esp Urol ; 72(1): 9-15, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30741648

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associationbetween anogenital distance (AGD), as a biomarker ofprenatal androgen milieu, and risk of prostate cancer(PCa). METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on260 men attending a university hospital where theyunderwent physical and andrological examination andcompleted a brief questionnaire. PCa patients were confirmedby biopsy of the tumor. Controls were men withoutPCa attending the urology outpatient clinic for routineexaminations. Two variants of AGD [from the anus to theposterior base of the scrotum (AGDAS) and to the cephaladinsertion of the penis (AGDAP)] were measured.Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used toestimate the association between AGD measurementsand presence of PCa, and Odds Ratios and 95% confidenceintervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Cases showed significantly shorter AGDAPand AGDAS than controls. Subjects with AGDAP andAGDAS in the lowest compared to the upper tertile were2.6 times (95% CI 1.2-5.6) and 3.2 times (95% CI 1.5-6.9) more likely to have PCa, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found that shorter measurementsof both distances (AGDAS and AGDAP) were associatedwith higher risk of PCa. A previous study reportedsimilar results, showing that longer AGDAP was associatedwith lower risk of PCa, but this relationship was notfound for AGDAS, as it was in our study with a largersample size.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar la asociación entre la distancia anogenital (AGD) como biomarcador de la ventana androgénica prenatal y el riesgo de padecer cáncer de próstata (PCa).MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio de casos y controles realizado en 260 pacientes. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a examen físico y andrológico y completaron un breve cuestionario. Los pacientes con PCa tenían diagnóstico histológico por biopsia prostática. Los controles fueron varones sin sospecha de PCa que acudieron a la consulta externa de Urología para exámenes rutinarios. Se midieron dos variantes de AGD [del ano a la base posterior del escroto (AGDAS) y del ano a la inserción dorsal del pene (AGDAP)]. Se utilizóanálisis de regresión logística múltiple para estimar la asociación entre las medidas de AGD y la presencia de PCa. Se calcularon Odds Ratios (ORs) e intervalos de confianza (IC) 95%. RESULTADOS: Los casos mostraron unas AGDAP y AGDAS  significativamente más cortas que los controles.Los pacientes con AGDAP y AGDAS en el tercil inferior comparado con los pacientes del tercil superior mostraron 2,6 (IC 95% 1,2-5,6) y 3,2 veces (IC 95% 1,5-6,9) más riesgo, respectivamente, de padecer PCa. CONCLUSIONES: Encontramos que las medidas acortadas de ambas AGDs se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de padecer PCa. Un estudio previo obtuvo resultados similares, mostrando que una AGDAP alargada se asoció con un menor riesgo de padecer PCa, pero noobservó ninguna relación con respecto a la AGDAS, como sí objetivamos en este estudio con un mayor tamaño muestral.


Assuntos
Canal Anal , Androgênios , Biomarcadores , Neoplasias da Próstata , Escroto , Canal Anal/anatomia & histologia , Androgênios/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Escroto/anatomia & histologia
9.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 72(1): 9-15, ene.-feb. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-181055

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la distancia anogenital (AGD) como biomarcador de la ventana androgénica prenatal y el riesgo de padecer cáncer de próstata (PCa). Material y método: Estudio de casos y controles realizado en 260 pacientes. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a examen físico y andrológico y completaron un breve cuestionario. Los pacientes con PCa tenían diagnóstico histológico por biopsia prostática. Los controles fueron varones sin sospecha de PCa que acudieron a la consulta externa de Urología para exámenes rutinarios. Se midieron dos variantes de AGD [del ano a la base posterior del escroto (AGDAS) y del ano a la inserción dorsal del pene (AGDAP)]. Se utilizó análisis de regresión logística múltiple para estimar la asociación entre las medidas de AGD y la presencia de PCa. Se calcularon Odds Ratios (ORs) e intervalos de confianza (IC) 95%. Resultados: Los casos mostraron unas AGDAP y AGDAS significativamente más cortas que los controles. Los pacientes con AGDAP y AGDAS en el tercil inferior comparado con los pacientes del tercil superior mostraron 2,6 (IC 95% 1,2-5,6) y 3,2 veces (IC 95% 1,5-6,9) más riesgo, respectivamente, de padecer PCa. Conclusiones: Encontramos que las medidas acortadas de ambas AGDs se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de padecer PCa. Un estudio previo obtuvo resultados similares, mostrando que una AGDAP alargada se asoció con un menor riesgo de padecer PCa, pero no observó ninguna relación con respecto a la AGDAS, como sí objetivamos en este estudio con un mayor tamaño muestral


Objective: To evaluate the association between anogenital distance (AGD), as a biomarker of prenatal androgen milieu, and risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 260 men attending a university hospital where they underwent physical and andrological examination and completed a brief questionnaire. PCa patients were confirmed by biopsy of the tumor. Controls were men without PCa attending the urology outpatient clinic for routine examinations. Two variants of AGD [from the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum (AGDAS) and to the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGDAP)] were measured. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the association between AGD measurements and presence of PCa, and Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Cases showed significantly shorter AGDAP and AGDAS than controls. Subjects with AGDAP and AGDAS in the lowest compared to the upper tertile were 2.6 times (95% CI 1.2-5.6) and 3.2 times (95% CI 1.5-6.9) more likely to have PCa, respectively. Conclusions: We found that shorter measurements of both distances (AGDAS and AGDAP) were associated with higher risk of PCa. A previous study reported similar results, showing that longer AGDAP was associated with lower risk of PCa, but this relationship was not found for AGDAS, as it was in our study with a larger sample size


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Canal Anal/anatomia & histologia , Androgênios/fisiologia , Biomarcadores , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Escroto/anatomia & histologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal
10.
Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis ; 22(1): 84-90, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30108375

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Management of active surveillance (AS) in low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients could be improved with new biomarkers, such as the 4Kscore test. We analyze its ability to predict tumor reclassification by upgrading at the confirmatory biopsy at 6 months. METHODS: Observational, prospective, blinded, and non-randomized study, within the Spanish National Registry on AS (AEU/PIEM/2014/0001; NCT02865330) with 181 patients included after initial Bx and inclusion criteria: PSA ≤10 ng/mL, cT1c-T2a, Grade group 1, ≤2 cores, and ≤5 mm/50% length core involved. Central pathological review of initial and confirmatory Bx was performed on all biopsy specimens. Plasma was collected 6 months after initial Bx and just before confirmatory Bx to determine 4Kscore result. In order to predict reclassification defined as Grade group ≥2, we analyzed 4Kscore, percent free to total (%f/t) PSA ratio, prostate volume, PSA density, family history, body mass index, initial Bx, total cores, initial Bx positive cores, initial Bx % of positive cores, initial Bx maximum cancer core length and initial Bx cancer % involvement. Wilcoxon rank-sum test, non-parametric trend test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate established differences between groups of reclassification. RESULTS: A total of 137 patients met inclusion criteria. Eighteen patients (13.1%) were reclassified at confirmatory Bx. The %f/t PSA ratio and 4Kscore showed differences between the groups of reclassification (Yes/No). Using 7.5% as cutoff for the 4Kscore, we found a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 29%, with no reclassifications to Grade group 3 for patients with 4Kscore below 7.5% and 2 (6%) missed Grade group 2 reclassified patients. Using this threshold value there is a biopsy reduction of 27%. Additionally, 4Kscore was also associated with changes in tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary findings suggest that the 4Kscore may be a useful tool in the decision-making process to perform a confirmatory Bx in active surveillance management.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores , Biópsia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Razão de Chances , Vigilância da População , Prognóstico , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
11.
urol. colomb. (Bogotá. En línea) ; 28(3): 234-239, 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1402403

RESUMO

Objetivo La estenosis de la anastomosis uretrovesical (EAU-V) afecta al 8,4% de pacientes intervenidos de prostatectomía radical retropúbica por cáncer. Nuestro propósito fue estudiar los factores de riesgo de estenosis de cuello vesical asociada a prostatectomía radical por carcinoma prostático en nuestro centro. Material y Métodos Estudio de casos-controles en una cohorte constituida por 120 pacientes intervenidos por adenocarcinoma prostático entre 2005 y 2012. Realizamos un análisis descriptivo de la muestra y el cálculo de la incidencia de EAU-V, un análisis univariante de los factores asociados mediante la t de Student y la chi cuadrado de Pearson, un análisis del tiempo transcurrido hasta la aparición de estenosis y una predicción del riesgo de EAU-V. Resultados La incidencia de EAU-V tras prostatectomía radical en nuestro servicio fue del 22,5%. Encontramos mayor riesgo en aquellos pacientes con débito por drenaje Jackson-Pratt (J-P) mayor de 500cc, drenaje J-P retirado después del tercer día, estancia superior a 8 días, hemoglobina postoperatoria baja, PSA preoperatorio bajo, densidad de PSA elevada o que fueron intervenidos por el cirujano 1 o 5. Todas las estenosis se produjeron en los 3 primeros años tras la cirugía. Los pacientes con un débito del drenaje por encima de 500cc y en los que el drenaje se retiró después del tercer día tienen 7,7 y 3,2 veces, respectivamente, más riesgo de padecer una EAU-V. Conclusiones Nuestra incidencia de EAU-V y sus factores asociados coinciden con los publicados. El modelo predictivo desarrollado tiene utilidad meramente teórica ya que no abarca la totalidad de los factores que pueden influir en la aparición de la estenosis


Background Postprostatectomy vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS) occurs in 8.4% of prostate cancer patients undergoing retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP). Our purpose was to study the risk factors of bladder neck contracture after radical prostatectomy in our center. Materials and Methods Retrospective nested case-control study in a hospital-based cohort consisting of 120 patients underwent open or laparoscopic RRP from 2005 to 2012. We performed a descriptive analysis of the sample and calculated the incidence of postsurgical VUAS, a univariate analysis of factors associated with VUAS by Student t test and Pearson chi-square test, an analysis of time to onset of stricture and a prediction of risk of stricture in patients undergoing RRP. Results The incidence of VUAS after radical prostatectomy in our department was 22.5%. We found a higher risk in patients in which surgical drainage was over 500cc, the Jackson-Pratt drain was removed after the third day, length of stay >8 days, a low postoperative haemoglobin, a low preoperative PSA, an elevated PSA density and/or were operated on by surgeon 1 or 5. All strictures occurred within the first 3 years after surgery. We predicted that patients with total drainage volume over 500cc and removal day after the third day would be 7.72 and 3.21 times more likely to have VUAS, respectively. Conclusions Data from VUAS incidence and its associated factors are similar to those found in the literature. The developed predictive model has only a theoretical utility, because it does not cover all the influencing factors of the onset of the stricture.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata , Obstrução do Colo da Bexiga Urinária , Adenocarcinoma , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Constrição Patológica , Tempo de Internação
12.
Arch Esp Urol ; 71(7): 575-582, 2018 09.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30198848

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance from the centre of the anus to the genitals, is a sexually dimorphic phenotype in mammals. Several experimental studies have demonstrated that AGD is a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure during the masculinisation period of development. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between AGD (as an indirect marker of prenatal hormonal environment) and severity of the surgical specimen and prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a total of 119 PCa patients with confirmed biopsy of the tumour. Every participant underwent a physical examination where two variants of the AGD were assessed, a) from the anus to the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGDAP) and b) to the posterior base of the scrotum (AGDAS). To assess the association between both AGD and severity and PCa prognosis multiple logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: Longer AGDAS was significantly associated with biochemical recurrence and affected margins of the surgical specimen (OR: 2.5; IC 95%:1.2-5.5, and 2.8; IC 95%: 1.1-7.5, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a higher prenatal androgen exposure, resulting in a longer AGD, is associated with worse prognosis of PCa.


Assuntos
Canal Anal/anatomia & histologia , Genitália Masculina/anatomia & histologia , Neoplasias da Próstata , Idoso , Tamanho Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
13.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 71(7): 575-582, sept. 2018. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-178730

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: La distancia anogenital (DAG) es un marcador de desarrollo genital que presenta un dimorfismo sexual en mamíferos. Diversos estudios experimentales han demostrado que la DAG al nacimiento refleja la exposición androgénica a la que el feto ha estado expuesto durante su desarrollo intrauterino. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar la asociación entre la DAG (como marcador indirecto del ambiente hormonal intrauterino) y la severidad en la pieza quirúrgica y el pronóstico del cáncer de próstata (CaP). MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio transversal que incluyó 119 pacientes intervenidos de CaP y con confirmación histológica por biopsia. A cada paciente se le realizó una exploración física y se midieron dos variantes de DAG; a) medida desde la inserción posterior del pene en el abdomen bajo al borde superior del ano (DAGAP) y b) medida desde la base posterior del escroto al borde superior del ano (DAGAS). La asociación entre ambas DAG y los indicadores de severidad y pronóstico postquirúrgicos de CaP se realizaron mediante análisis de regresión logística múltiple. RESULTADOS: La DAGAS se asoció significativamente con la recidiva bioquímica y márgenes afectados en la pieza quirúrgica (OR: 2,5; IC 95%: 1,2-5,5, y 2,8; IC 95%: 1,1-7,5, respectivamente). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados sugieren que una mayor exposición androgénica prenatal, reflejado en una DAG alargada, estaría asociada con un peor pronóstico del CaP


OBJECTIVE: Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance from the centre of the anus to the genitals, is a sexually dimorphic phenotype in mammals. Several experimental studies have demonstrated that AGD is a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure during the masculinisation period of development. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between AGD (as an indirect marker of prenatal hormonal environment) and severity of the surgical specimen and prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a total of 119 PCa patients with confirmed biopsy of the tumour. Every participant underwent a physical examination where two variants of the AGD were assessed, a) from the anus to the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGDAP) and b) to the posterior base of the scrotum (AGDAS). To assess the association between both AGD and severity and PCa prognosis multiple logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: Longer AGDAS was significantly associated with biochemical recurrence and affected margins of the surgical specimen (OR: 2.5; IC 95%:1.2-5.5, and 2.8; IC 95%: 1.1-7.5, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a higher prenatal androgen exposure, resulting in a longer AGD, is associated with worse prognosis of PCa


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Canal Anal/anatomia & histologia , Genitália Masculina/anatomia & histologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Tamanho Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Prognóstico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
14.
Urol. colomb ; 27(3): 254-259, 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-981260

RESUMO

El cociente entre la longitud del segundo y cuarto dedo (2D:4D) de la mano es un rasgo de dimorfismo sexual, presentando los hombres una ratio menor que las mujeres.1 Varios estudios de cohortes2,3 y un metaanálisis,4 han mostrado que la diferencia de género en la ratio de los dedos se asocia con la exposición de andrógenos prenatales. El cociente 2D:4D está inversamente relacionado a la exposición intrauterina de testosterona (T) y directamente relacionado a la de estradiol.2 Existe evidencia que afirma que la ratio 2D:4D podría ser un marcador válido para los niveles hormonales del adulto (T y estrógeno),3 aunque ese dato es controvertido.4Por esa razón, el cociente 2D:4D seha utilizado como un biomarcador no invasivo y retrospectivo para la exposición prenatal de andrógenos, y se ha correlacionado con una amplia gama de enfermedades como el autismo,5 así como la cognición visoespacial y la orientación sexual.6


The quotient between the length of the second and fourth finger (2D:4D) hand is a trait of sexual dimorphism, featuring the men a lower ratio than women.1 Several studies of the cohorts2,3 and a meta-analysis,4 have shown that the difference between The gender ratio of the fingers is associated with the exposure of prenatal androgens. The quotient 2D:4D is inversely related to intrauterine testosterone (T) exposure and directly related to that of estradiol.2 There is evidence which states that the 2D:4D ratio could be a valid marker for adult hormone levels (T and estrogen),3 although that data is controversial.4 For that reason, the 2D:4D quotient has been used as a noninvasive and retrospective biomarker for prenatal exposure to androgens, and it has been correlated with a wide range of diseases such as autism,5 as well as such as visuospatial cognition and sexual orientation.6


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasia Prostática Intraepitelial , Neoplasias da Próstata , Testosterona , Biópsia
15.
Prostate ; 77(4): 406-411, 2017 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27862129

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance from the centre of the anus to the genitals, is a sexually dimorphic phenotype in mammals. Experimental studies have shown that AGD is a biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure during the masculinisation period of development. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between anogenital distance (AGD), as an indirect marker of prenatal hormonal environment, and prostate cancer (PCa) severity. MATERIALS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a total of 120 PCa patients with confirmed biopsy of the tumour from April 2007 to July 2015. Two variants of the anogenital distance were assessed, from the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum (AGDAS ) and to the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGDAP ). We compared differences in groups to evaluate the association between AGD measurements and severity of the preoperative biopsy and clinical scores. RESULTS: Longer AGDAS was significantly associated with the highest Gleason score (P = 0.015) and D'Amico nomogram (P = 0.048). In contrast, no statistical differences were found in the AGDAP and severity of the preoperative biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a higher prenatal androgen exposure is associated with higher severity of PCa. Prostate 77: 406-411, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Assuntos
Canal Anal/anatomia & histologia , Androgênios/efeitos adversos , Pênis/anatomia & histologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Idoso , Androgênios/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/metabolismo , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/etiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo
20.
Arch. med ; 13(2): 127-141, 30/dez. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-707517

RESUMO

Objetivo: Identificar el factor de riesgo suicida y los factores asociados en adolescentes de una institución educativa del municipio de Palestina (Caldas-Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en el que se tomó una población de 354 estudiantes, se aplicó la escala de factor de riesgo suicida de Plutchik para medir riesgo suicida, así mismo otros cuestionarios para factores asociados como funcionalidad familiar, depresión, dependencia del consumo de alcohol, tendencia a la violencia, etc. Resultados: la población presentó un promedio de edad de 14,28 años, el 11,8% presentó riesgo suicida según escala de Plutchik; el 5,3% en hombres y el 17,9% en mujeres, 12,2% con intento de suicidio, 56,8% mostraron depresión según escala de Bierleson, el 42,6% tuvo disfunción familiar de leve a severa; presentaron dependencia alcohólica el 27%; 15,6% consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, un riesgo de violencia según cuestionario Plutchik de 33%, 15,5% antecedentes familiares de intento suicida. Los siguientes factores tienen relación significativa con el factor de riesgo suicida según Plutchik: consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (p=0,000), antecedente familiar de suicidio (p=0,000), funcionalidad familiar (p=0,000), dependencia alcohólica (p=0,002), depresión (p=0,000), maltrato (p=0,000), género (p=0,000).Conclusión: Esta población presenta un factor de riesgo suicida según cuestionario de Plutchik comparable al de otras poblaciones análogas. Se encuentran factores asociados típicos de la población colombiana como son el maltrato infantil, y tendencia a la violencia. Tal vez sería deseable una intervención en esta población.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Fatores de Risco , Estudantes , Ideação Suicida
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