Oral health challenges in patients with chronic kidney disease: A comprehensive clinical assessment.

Loss of kidney function causes oral manifestations and multiple complications that have implications for dental treatment and patients' systemic conditions. We aimed to determine the clinical condition, epidemiological profile, and incidence of dental caries in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This was an observational, cross-sectional, field study using a quantitative and epidemiological approach. The sample consisted of 45 randomly selected patients with CKD from a total of 114 patients. Data were collected through oral clinical examination, anamnesis, and medical records compiled in a clinical file specially developed for this research. Clinical evaluation was performed, including a Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index examination. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman's rho coefficient. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 20.0, with a confidence interval of 95 % and significance level of 5 % (p < 0.05). The results indicated that CKD is more prevalent in the 5th decade of life, with a slight predilection for men. Oral cavity alterations were observed in 77.8 % of patients. The study population had a very high DMFT index, with a high number of missing teeth and a low number of decayed and filled teeth. Poor oral health in patients with CKD indicates a lack of care that supports the necessity of installing a preventive and therapeutic oral program and a regular follow-up aimed at this group of patients.

TiO2 nanotube-containing glass ionomer cements display reduced aluminum release rates.

Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-nts) were incorporated into a glass ionomer cement (GIC) with improved mechanical properties and antibacterial activity. The aims of the present in vitro study were to define the elemental characterization, aluminum (Al) release rate, and initial working time for GIC reinforced with TiO2-nts, in an experimental caries model. TiO2-nts were incorporated into GIC powder components at 5% by weight, and compared with unblended GIC. Experimental approaches used energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), and brightness loss to define surface element properties, Al release rates, and initial working time, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by 2-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, generalized linear models, and Student's t test (a = 0.05). EDS data analysis revealed that TiO2-nts incorporated into GIC had no significant impact on the typical elemental composition of GICs in an in vitro caries model. Regarding the demineralizing solution, GIC with TiO2-nt significantly decreased the Al release rate, compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, TiO2-nt incorporated into GIC did not alter the initial working time of the material (p > 0.05). These findings add information to our scientific body of knowledge concerning the potential impact of TiO2-nt on the performance of conventional GICs.

TiO2 nanotube-containing glass ionomer cements display reduced aluminum release rates

Abstract Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-nts) were incorporated into a glass ionomer cement (GIC) with improved mechanical properties and antibacterial activity. The aims of the present in vitro study were to define the elemental characterization, aluminum (Al) release rate, and initial working time for GIC reinforced with TiO2-nts, in an experimental caries model. TiO2-nts were incorporated into GIC powder components at 5% by weight, and compared with unblended GIC. Experimental approaches used energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), and brightness loss to define surface element properties, Al release rates, and initial working time, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by 2-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, generalized linear models, and Student's t test (a = 0.05). EDS data analysis revealed that TiO2-nts incorporated into GIC had no significant impact on the typical elemental composition of GICs in an in vitro caries model. Regarding the demineralizing solution, GIC with TiO2-nt significantly decreased the Al release rate, compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, TiO2-nt incorporated into GIC did not alter the initial working time of the material (p > 0.05). These findings add information to our scientific body of knowledge concerning the potential impact of TiO2-nt on the performance of conventional GICs.

Use of collaborative learning as atool to evaluate syndromic craniofacial anomalies / Uso da aprendizagem colaborativa como ferramenta para avaliar anomalias craniofaciais sindrômicas

Almost 30% of oral cleftsare associated with other structural abnormalities.However, little is known on orofacial characteristics related tothese cases since they are not systematically reported. To close this gap, we developed a collaborative learning approach supported by an interprofessional team aiming to systematicallydescribe oral findings and impactthe training of future professionals that hopefully will incorporate these descriptionsintotheir clinical practice. The methodological proposal consisted of small group sessions focusing on a particular syndrome or group of syndromes followed by examiningpatients with those conditions. Twenty cases were examined and studied over one semester andaset of conditions to be identified in the orofacial regionwasdefined. Here, we present a guideline that we suggest that dentists and dental institutions use. We also present the advantages of using collaborative learning as a tool in the training of the clinician (AU).

Quase 30% das fissuras orais estão associadas a outras anormalidades estruturais. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre as características orofaciais relacionadas a esses casos, uma vez que não são relatados de forma sistemática. Para fechar essa lacuna, desenvolvemos uma abordagem de aprendizagem colaborativa apoiada por uma equipe interprofissional com o objetivo de descrever sistematicamente os achados orais e impactar o treinamento de futuros profissionais que, esperançosamente, irão incorporar essas descrições em sua prática clínica. A proposta metodológica consistia em sessões de pequenos grupos enfocando uma determinada síndrome ou grupo de síndromes seguidas de exame de pacientes com essas condições. Vinte casos foram examinados e estudados ao longo de um semestre e foi definido um conjunto de condições a serem identificadas na região orofacial. Aqui, apresentamos uma diretriz que sugerimos que os dentistas e instituições odontológicas utilizem. Também apresentamos as vantagens de usar a aprendizagem colaborativa como uma ferramenta no treinamento do clínico (AU).

Conhecimento de pacientes sobre o uso de benzodiazepínicos no controle da ansiedade em Odontologia / Knowledge of patients about the use of benzodiazepines for anxiety control in Dentistry

Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o conhecimento de pacientes sobre técnica de sedação consciente com benzodiazepínicos e sua aceitação no controle de medo e ansiedade para o tratamento odontológico. Método: Esta pesquisa baseou-se em um estudo quantitativo com abordagem descritiva através da coleta de dados realizada pelo próprio pesquisador com a finalidade de assegurar uniformidade de interpretação dos resultados através de questionários. Os pacientes antes do atendimento receberam orientação do questionário e então foram convidados a responder. Nesse momento foram prestados os devidos esclarecimentos aos responsáveis quanto à finalidade dos questionários e orientados no sentido de que os dados seriam mantidos em sigilo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de tabelas cruzando a classe socioeconômica de 150 pacientes, selecionados igualitariamente entre as classes A/B, C e D/E. A associação entre a classe social e as respostas às questões foram avaliados pelo teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: A questão 1, primeira consulta ao Cirurgião-Dentista, destaca que todos os pacientes da Classe A/B já haviam comparecido ao Cirurgião-Dentista antes, contra 86% da classe C e 94% da Classe D/E. A questão 2 aborda se o Cirurgião-Dentista afere sinais vitais na anamnese,40% dos Cirurgiões-Dentistas classe A/B afere sinais vitais e apenas 20% dos odontólogos que trabalham com uma população de classe C, D e E. As questões 3, 4 e 5 (sobre medo do cirurgião, doenças e vícios) se mostraram semelhantemente distribuída entre as classes. E as questões 6 e 7 sobre o uso de ansiolítico destaca a maior frequência na Classe A/B, o dobro da Classe C, que por sua vez também é o dobro da Classe D/E. Das sete questões avaliadas, quatro se mostraram significativamente associadas à classe social. Conclusão: Classes sociais A/B têm mais aceitação e conhecimento sobre o uso de benzodiazepínicos no controle de medo e ansiedade na Odontologia.

Objective: The aim of this search was to avaluate the knowledge of patients on technique of conscious sedation with benzodiazepines and their acceptance in the controlo the fear, pain and anxiety during dental treatment. Method: this research was based on quantitative study with descriptive approach through data gathering, conducted by the own researcher, in order to ensure uniformity in the interpretation of the results of the questionnaires. Patients were instructed about the questionnaire before treatment and then, invited to answer it. At this moment, was provided the appropriate explanations to the responsables about the purpose of the questionnaires and orientedin the sense that the data will be kept confidential. Data were analyzed by means of tables crossing the socio-economic class of 150 patients, selected equally between classes A/B, C and D/E. The association between social class and the answers to the questions were evaluated by Fisher’s exact test (Agresti, 2002; Bussab e Morettin, 2006). Results: Question 1, first visit to the dentist, highlights thatall patients Class A/B were attended by dentist before, against 86% of the class C and 94% of ClassD/E. Question 2 addresses if the dentist assesses vital signs at the anamnesis. 40% of dental surgeons class A/B assesses vital signs, against only 20% of dentists who Works with a population of class C, Dand E. Questions 3, 4 and 5 (about fear surgeon, diseases and addictions) show then selves similar lydistributed between classes. And finally, questions 6 and 7, about the use of anxiolytic highlights the most frequently in Class A/B, class C twice, which in turn is also twice the Class D/E. From 7 questions avaluated, 4 of them show thenselves significantly associated to social classes. Conclusion: Social classes A/B have more acceptence and knowledge about the use of benzodiazepines in the control of the fear and anxiety in dentistry.

Conhecimento dos alunos do curso de graduação em odontologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba sobre hepatites virais / Knowledge of undergraduate dental students from the state University of Paraíba about Viral Hepatites

Objeti vo: Avaliar o conhecimento de acadêmicos do curso de Odontologia sobre hepati tes virais. Método: A amostra foi constituída por 109 acadêmicos dos 157 acadêmicos do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), do terceiro ao quinto anos, selecionadosaleatoriamente, os quais estão mais expostos aos fatores de risco inerentes ao não conhecimento das hepatites virais. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário com questões de múltipla escolha que abordavam o conhecimento sobre hepatites virais. As variáveis do estudo incluíam questõescomo: tipo de Equipamento de Proteção Individual usado durante os procedimentos, opinião sobre a exposição ao vírus da hepatite, quais seriam as vias de transmissão da hepatite, se o acadêmico já havia sofrido acidente com instrumental pérfuro-cortante. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: Todos os alunos (100%) afirmaram que usavamluvas, máscara e gorro, porém, apenas 92% deles achavam estar expostos aos vírus da hepati te. Em relação às vias de exposição, 95% dos acadêmicos afirmaram ser o sangue contaminadouma das principais vias de transmissão da hepatite, porém, 36% apenas afirmaram que as mucosas poderiam ser uma via de transmissão. De todos os acadêmicos pesquisados, 28% jáhaviam sofrido algum acidente pérfuro-cortante. Os resultados da investigação com base no questi onário mostraram que apenas 75% dos acadêmicos eram vacinados, 63% responderam que para a hepati te ti po B. Conclusão: Os estudantes de Odontologia têm consciência dos riscos de contaminação em relação às hepatites virais, mas osconhecimentos adquiridos sobre os mesmos não estão sendo aplicados na práti ca clínica.

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of undergraduate dental students about viral hepatites. Methods: The sample was composed of 109 out of 157 3rd-5th undergraduate dental students from the State University of Para¡ba (UEPB), Brazil, selected at random, who are more exposed to the risk factors inherent to the unawareness of viral hepatites. Data were collected using a questionnaire with multiple-choice questions arguing about the knowledge of viral hepatites. The study variables included questions regarding individual protection equipment used during the procedures, opinion about exposure to hepatitis virus, which would be the transmission routes, and whether the student had already suffered any accident with perforating/cutting instruments. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis. Results: All (100%) students affirmed to use gloves, mask and cap, but only 92% of them believed to be exposed to the hepatitis virus. Regarding the forms of exposure, 95% of the undergraduate students affirmed that contaminated blood is one of the main transmission routes of hepatitis, but only 36% of them believed that the mucosas could be a transmission route. From all undergraduate students interviewed for the study, 28% had already experienced some kind of perforating/cutting accident. The results of this questionnaire-based investigation revealed that only 75% of the undergraduate students were vaccinated, 63% of them for type B hepatitis. Conclusion: The dental students are aware of the risks of contamination by viral hepatites, but the acquired knowledge about the risks are not being applied in the clinical practice.

Mucosite oral: patobiologia, prevenção e tratamento / Oral mucositis: pathobiology, prevention and treatment

A mucosite representa a alteração bucal mais comum nos pacientes que se submetem à radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço e representa um importante fator de risco para infecções de ordem sistêmica. O mapeamento dos genes de expressão desta afecção foi feito, podendo-se identificar cinco fases da mucosite, as quais especifi cam características peculiares patobiológicas a cada uma delas.

Mucositis represents the more common buccal alterationin the patients who submit x-ray of head and neck and representsan important risk factor for infections of sistemic order. The mappingof the gens of expression of the affection was fact, being able itself toidentify fi ve phases of the mucositis, which specify pathobiology characteristics to each one of them.

Efeito antiaderente do extrato da Matricaria recutita Linn. sobre microorganismos do bioflme dental / Antiadherent effect of the extract of the Matricaria recutita Linn. on microrganisms of dental biofilm

A maioria das doenças que acometem a cavidade bucal é de origem infecciosa. Têm sido pesquisadas várias categorias de agentes químicos a fim de controlar o biofilme dental, por meio de estratégias que visem à redução da adesão bacteriana. O óleo essencial extraído da Matricaria recutita Linn. exibe alguma atividade antimicrobiana sobre certas espécies de bactérias, fungos e vírus. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a atividade antiaderente do extrato desta planta sobre cepas do biofilme dental. Como resultado, observou-se que a camomila demonstrou efeito na inibição da síntese do glucano - representada pela inibição da aderência, no modelo de estudo - sobre os principais microorganismos responsáveis pela consolidação do biofilme dental.

Most of the diseases that visit the buccal cavity is of infectious origin, having been searched some categories of chemical agents to control dental biofilm, through strategies that aim at the reduction of the bacterial adhesion. The extracted essential oil of the Matricaria recutita Linn. shows some antimicrobial activity on certain species of bacteria, fungus and virus, then, the objective of our research was to evaluate the antiadherent activity of the extract of this plant on bacterias of dental biofilm. It was observed that Matricaria demonstrated effect in the inhibition of the synthesis of glucan represented for the inhibition of the adherence, in the model of study, on the main responsible microorganismos for the consolidation of dental biofilm.