Meaningful outcomes for children and their caregivers attending a paediatric brain centre.

AIM: To identify meaningful outcomes of children and their caregivers attending a paediatric brain centre. METHOD: We compiled a long list of outcomes of health and functioning of children with brain-related disorders such as cerebral palsy, spina bifida, (genetic) neurodevelopmental disorders, and acquired brain injury. We incorporated three perspectives: patients, health care professionals, and published outcome sets. An aggregated list was categorized using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: Children and Youth version in a patient validation survey for children and parent-caregivers to prioritize outcomes. Outcomes were considered meaningful when ranked 'very important' by 70% or more of the participants. RESULTS: We identified 104 outcomes from the three perspectives. After categorizing, 59 outcomes were included in the survey. Thirty-three surveys were completed by children (n = 4), caregivers (n = 24), and parent-caregivers together with their child (n = 5). Respondents prioritized 27 meaningful outcomes covering various aspects of health and functioning: emotional well-being, quality of life, mental and sensory functions, pain, physical health, and activities (communication, mobility, self-care, interpersonal relationships). Parent-caregiver concerns and environmental factors were newly identified outcomes. INTERPRETATION: Children and parent-caregivers identified meaningful outcomes covering various aspects of health and functioning, including caregiver concerns and environmental factors. We propose including those in future outcome sets for children with neurodisability. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Outcomes that children with brain-related disorders and their parent-caregivers consider to be the most meaningful cover a wide range of aspects of functioning. Involving these children and their parent-caregivers resulted in the identification of important outcomes that were not covered by professionals and the literature. Parent-caregiver-related factors (coping, burden of care) and environmental factors (support, attitudes, and [health care] services) were identified as meaningful.

Autonomy in participation in cerebral palsy from childhood to adulthood.

AIM: To determine the long-term development of autonomy in participation of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) without intellectual disability. METHOD: Individuals with CP (n=189, 117 males, 72 females; mean age [SD] 21y 11mo [4y 11mo], range 12-34y); were assessed cross-sectionally (46%) or up to four times (54%), between the ages of 12 and 34 years. Autonomy in participation was classified using phase 3 of the Rotterdam Transition Profile. A logistic generalized estimating equation regression model was used to analyse autonomy in six domains (independent variables: age, Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level, and interaction between age and GMFCS level). Proportions of autonomy were compared to references using binomial tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: In most domains, over 90% of participants (n=189, 400 observations, 80% in GMFCS levels I and II) reached autonomy in participation in their late twenties, except for intimate/sexual relationships. Those in GMFCS levels III to V compared to those in GMFCS levels I and II had less favourable development of autonomy in the transportation, intimate relationships, employment, and housing domains, and more favourable development in the finances domain. Compared to references, fewer individuals with CP were autonomous in participation. INTERPRETATION: This knowledge of autonomy may guide the expectations of young people with CP and their caregivers. Furthermore, rehabilitation professionals should address autonomy development in intimate relationships, employment, and housing, especially in individuals with lower gross motor function. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Individuals with cerebral palsy without intellectual disability achieved autonomy in most participation domains. Regarding intimate relationships, they continued to have less experience compared to age-matched references. Development of autonomy was less favourable for individuals in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III to V.

AUTONOMÍA EN LA PARTICIPACIÓN EN LA PARÁLISIS CEREBRAL DESDE LA INFANCIA A LA EDAD ADULTA: OBJETIVO: Determinar el desarrollo a largo plazo de la autonomía en la participación de individuos con parálisis cerebral (PC) sin discapacidad intelectual. MÉTODO: Individuos con PC (n=189, 117 varones, 72 mujeres; edad media [DE] 21 años y 11 meses [4 años y 11meses], rango 12-34 años); fueron evaluados de forma transversal (46%) o hasta cuatro veces (54%), entre las edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 34 años. La autonomía en la participación fue clasificada usando la fase 3 del perfil de transición de Rotterdam (Rotterdam Transition Profile). Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logístico generalizado estimando la ecuación para analizar la autonomía en 6 dominios (variables independientes: edad, nivel del Sistema de Clasificación de la Función Motora Gruesa, [GMFCS], y la interacción entre la edad y el nivel GMFCS). Las proporciones de la autonomía se compararon con las referencias mediante pruebas binomiales (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: En la mayoría de los dominios, más del 90% de los participantes (n=189.400 observaciones, 80% en los niveles I y II de la GMFCS) alcanzaron la autonomía en la participación bien entrados los 20 años, excepto para las relaciones íntimas/sexuales. Aquellos en los niveles III y V de la GMFCS en comparación con los niveles I y II de la GMFCS tuvieron un desarrollo de la autonomía menos favorable en el transporte, relaciones íntimas, empleo y en el dominio de la vivienda, y un desarrollo más favorable en el dominio de las finanzas. En comparación con las referencias, menos individuos con PC fueron autónomos en la participación. INTERPRETACIÓN: Este conocimiento de la autonomía puede guiar las expectativas de los jóvenes con PC y de sus cuidadores. Además, los profesionales de la rehabilitación deberían abordar el desarrollo de la autonomía en las relaciones íntimas, el empleo y la vivienda, especialmente en aquellos individuos con una función motora gruesa más baja.

AUTONOMIA NA PARTICIPAÇÃO EM PARALISIA CEREBRAL DA INFÂNCIA À VIDA ADULTA: OBJETIVO: Determinar o desenvolvimento em longo prazo da autonomia na participação de indivíduos com paralisia cerebral (PC) sem deficiência intelectual. MÉTODO: Indivíduos com PC (n=189, 117 do sexo masculino, 72 do sexo feminino; média de idade [DP] 21a 11m [4a 11m], variação 12-34a); foram avaliados transversalmente (46%) ou até quatro vezes (54%), entre as idades de 12 e 34 anos. A autonomia na participação foi classificada usando a fase 3 do Perfil de Transição de Rotterdam. Um modelo de regressão logística com generalizada com equações estimadas foi usado para analisar a autonomia em seis domínios (variáveis independentes: idade, Nível segundo o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa [GMFCS], e interação entre idade e nível GMFCS). As proporções de autonomia foram comparadas com as referências usando testes binomiais (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Na maior parte dos domínios, cerca de 90% dos participantes (n=189.400 observações, 80% nos níveis GMFCS I e II) atingiram autonomia na participação no final da terceira década de vida, exceto para relações íntimas/sexuais. Aqueles nos níveis GMFCS III a V comparados com os níveis I e II tiveram desenvolvimento menos favorável nos domínios da autonomia no transporte, relações íntimas, emprego, e domicílio, e mais desenvolvimento mais favorável no domínio das finanças. Em comparação com as referências, menos indivíduos com PC foram autônomos na participação. INTERPRETAÇÃO: Este conhecimento sobre a autonomia pode guiar as expectativas de jovens com PC e seus cuidadores. Além disso, profissionais da reabilitação devem abordar o desenvolvimento da autonomia nas relações íntimas, emprego e domicílio, especialmente nos indivíduos com menor função motora grossa.

Activity Performance Curves of Individuals With Cerebral Palsy.

: media-1vid110.1542/5804911840001PEDS-VA_2017-3723Video Abstract OBJECTIVES: Describe development curves of motor and daily activity performance in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Participants with CP aged 1 to 20 years at baseline (n = 421) and Gross Motor Functioning Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to V (27% of participants with intellectual disability [ID]) were longitudinally assessed up to a 13-year follow-up period. Motor and daily activity performance were assessed using the relevant subdomains of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales survey. Nonlinear mixed effects analyses were used, estimating the limit (average maximal performance level) and the age by which individuals reached 90% of the limit (age90). RESULTS: Limits of motor performance decreased with each lower functional level. Age90 for motor performance was reached at ∼6 to 8 years of age in children with GMFCS levels I to III, and at younger ages in those with lower functional levels. Limits of daily activity performance did not differ between individuals without ID with GMFCS levels I to III. The age90s of daily activities were reached between 11 and 14 (personal), 26 and 32 (domestic), and 22 and 26 years of age (community). Individuals with ID reached lower daily activity performance limits earlier. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with CP continue to develop motor performance after gross motor capacity limits are reached. For those without ID, daily activities continue to develop into their 20s. Individuals who are severely affected functionally have the least favorable development of motor performance, and those with ID have the least favorable development of daily activity performance.