Low validity of predictive equations for calculating resting energy expenditure in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Predictive equations are the main clinical tools for determining resting energy expenditure (REE). However, their adequate use in overweight and obese individuals is unclear. Thus, we investigated the best predictive equations for estimating REE in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Eleven analyses were performed with prediction equations (pREE) based on anthropometric parameters in 30 overweight or obese women with PCOS without other chronic diseases. The measured REE (mREE) was calculated by indirect calorimetry. The validity of the equations was investigated by comparison, accuracy and agreement tests between pREE and mREE at both the individual and group level. RESULTS: Four analyses were similar to those of mREE, and smallest mean differences were observed for the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/United Nations University (WHO/FAO/UNU) considering weight (W) [0.07 (1.13) MJ (16 [270] kcal)]. Individual accuracy was greater than 50% for Harris and Benedict, Müller and Lazzer equations. The percentage of REE underestimation ranged between 16.7% and 73.3%, whereas higher rates of overestimation were observed in the De Luis (66.7%) and Ireton-Jones (43.3%) equations. Mean bias at the group level was lowest in the WHO/FAO/UNU W and WHO/FAO/UNU considering weight and height (WH), Müller and Lazzer equations (-2.8 to 0.5). The WHO/FAO/UNU W and WHO/FAO/UNU WH formulas were optimal in individual agreement (33.3%). CONCLUSIONS: FAO/WHO/UNU W equations may estimate the REE in overweight and obese women with PCOS. However, the low individual accuracy and agreement in relation to mREE suggest caution regarding when to use the formula to perform an individual nutritional plan.

Demulsifying properties of extracellular products and cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MSJ isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil.

A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a site contaminated with refined oil products exhibited demulsification capabilities against Tween 80-Span 80 stabilized oil-in-water (O/W), Tween 80-stabilized water-in-oil (W/O) model emulsions (kerosene-water), and an industrial emulsion (Daido Dairoll PA-5A). GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of fatty acids and carbohydrates in the extracellular biodemulsifier. The demulsifying activity of cells and culture supernatants was favored by growth in media containing 1% diesel oil. There was a correlation between culture age, de-emulsification and cellular hydrophobicity, and highest activities were observed for cells and supernatants from 96-h cultures. Activity increased with addition of up to 60 mg cells or 300 µL supernatant to emulsions. The activity was relatively stable at 20-40 °C and to freezing, but was reduced by 69% by washing the cells with chloroform-methanol-water. This demulsifier has potential for application in biotreatment of emulsified oily wastewaters to promote recovery and/or degradation of oil.

Chromosomal investigations in patients with mental retardation and/or congenital malformations

Neste estudo investigamos a organizaçäo cromossômica de pacientes com retardo mental e/ou malformaçöes congênitas, visando a avaliaçäo de causas genéticas associadas a estes distúrbios. Os padröes de bandas GTG e CBG foram estudados a partir da cultura de linfócitos de sangue periférico, estimulados por fitohemaglutinina M. Dentre os 98 indivíduos portadores de retardo mental e/ou malformaçöes congênitas analisados, diagnosticamos as seguintes síndromes: 12 casos de Down, dois de Edwards, um de Patau, cinco de Turner, dois de Klinefelter, um de "cri-du-chat", e um caso de translocaçäo balanceada entre os cromossomos 13 e 14, um caso de cromossomo derivado e um outro de cromossomo marcador. Encontramos anomalias cromossômicas em 26 por cento dos pacientes, das quais 82 por cento eram alteraçöes numéricas e o restante (18 por cento) representou rearranjos estruturais. Este percentual significativo enfatiza o uso da cariotipagem de rotina em pacientes com retardo mental e/ou malformaçöes congênitas.

Estudos cromossômicos em indivíduos portadores de retardo mental e atraso psicomotor / Chromosomal investigation in mentally handicapped and psychomotor retardation patients

O retardo mental é uma característica comum aos pacientes que buscam o Serviço de Genética Médica, apresentando heterogeneidade clínica e etiológica. Neste trabalho, estudos cromossômicos foram realizados em 30 indivíduos portadores de retardo mental e atraso psicomotor. Verificamos que 40 por cento dos indivíduos investigados apresentaram anomalias cromossômicas. Nos demais casos (60 por cento) o cariótipo foi normal. Este estudo reforça a importância da investigaçåo citogenética em indivíduos portadores de retardo mental e atraso psicomotor rastreando aberraçöes cromosssômicas numéricas ou estruturais e auxiliando no diagnóstico, prognóstico e aconselhamento gewnético das famílias

Estudos cromossomicos em individuos portadores de retardo mental e atraso psicomotor

O retardo mental e uma caracteristica comum aos pacientes que buscam o Servico de Genetica Medica, apresentando heterogeneidade clinica e etiologica. Neste trabalho, estudos cromossomicos foram realizados em 30 individuos portadores de retardo mental e atraso psicomotor: Verificamos que 40 por cento dos individuos investigados apresentaram anomalias cromossomicas. Nos demais casos (60 por cento) o cariotipo foi normal. Este estudo reforca a importancia da investigacao citogenetica em individuos portadores de retardo mental e atraso psicomotor rastreando aberracoes cromossomicas numericas ou estruturais e auxiliando no diagnostico e Aconselhamento Genetico das familias.