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INTRODUCTION: In this study the tibial shaft fracture non unions in diabetes mellitus are evaluated with percutaneous autologous platelet gel supplementation to accelerate union are compared with individually matched control group with autologous iliac crest bone marrow aspirate injection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This present study was carried out on tibial non unions in diabetic patients recruited in an ongoing longitudinal study over a period of 2006 to 2017, treated by one surgeon at one institute, are included in this report. Each of 18 established tibial atrophic, aseptic non unions treated by percutaneous autologous platelets and iliac crest bone marrow aspirate were followed up on regular basis up till 9 months. The healing of non union was assessed clinically by painless full weight bearing and the radiological union was judged by bridging callus formation observed on at least 3 of 4 cortices in anteroposterior and lateral views. RESULTS: Union was observed in 17 (94.4 %) patients of the autologous platelet group. The average time to union was 9.2 weeks (range 8 to 18 weeks) after percutaneous autologous platelet injection (P < 0.0517) .In the control group, union was observed in 14 (77.8 %) patients (P = 0.672). The average time to union following percutaneous bone marrow injection was 11.6 weeks (range 9 to 28 weeks). The proximal 1/3 shaft non union healed comparatively faster than the distal 1/3 shaft tibia (P ≤ 0.0612). No correlation was observed between the comminuted and non comminuted fracture non union (P = 0.789). A significant correlation was noted as regards the non union healing time duration in patients who were on insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs (P ≤ 0.001) and also about the total duration of diabetes mellitus in years (P ≤ 0.003). CONCLUSION: This investigation showed that percutaneous autologous platelet gel delivery is sufficient method to obtain union in diabetic tibial fracture non unions, which is less invasive procedure than bone marrow injection. The efficacy of this autologous platelets is once again well established and this study reinforced categorically the previously published report by the author.
Assuntos
Consolidação da Fratura , Fraturas da Tíbia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Consolidação da Fratura/fisiologia , Fraturas da Tíbia/cirurgia , Fraturas da Tíbia/fisiopatologia , Fraturas da Tíbia/terapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Longitudinais , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto , Fraturas não Consolidadas/terapia , Fraturas não Consolidadas/cirurgia , Fraturas não Consolidadas/fisiopatologia , Géis , Transplante Autólogo , Plaquetas , Idoso , Transplante de Medula Óssea/métodos , Plasma Rico em PlaquetasRESUMO
Introduction: This study was to evaluate the efficacy of multiple platelet-rich plasma injections in reflex sympathetic dystrophy following distal radius fracture after previous various treatments have failed. Materials and methods: This comparative prospective study was designed for 64 patients of reflex sympathetic dystrophy developed following distal radius fracture, from January 2009 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study. This cohort of patient was given either four multiple subcutaneous platelet-rich plasma injections at weekly interval (n = 32) or two injections in a month with 15 days interval (n = 32). The primary outcome measure assessed with patient rated wrist evaluation questionnaire score. The secondary outcome was a visual analogue scale pain score. The final follow up was at 2 years. p ≤ 0.05 is considered statistically. Results: The patient rated wrist evaluation score for usual and specific activities and EQ-VAS for pain level showed statistically significant greater improvement in group A (42 ± 21%) compared to group B (19 ± 24%), (p = 0.37). Patients also had improvement in wrist movements with no statistically significant differences in both groups. The standard difference in means of all three functional scores was almost similar between both groups A and B (standard difference in means = 0.032; 95% CI 0.236-0.830; p = 0.495), considered clinically meaningful. Conclusion: This study results suggest autologous platelet-rich plasma injections seem to be safe, cost effective, efficacious algorithm treatment for reflex sympathetic dystrophy following distal radius fracture patients where previous treatments have failed.
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INTRODUCTION: The fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). Numerous reasons have contributed to the massive rise in CRC cases, for which Asian nations differ significantly in terms of risk incidence rates. The objectives of this study were to, first, identify the socio-demographic characteristics of those of North Borneo ethnicity and body mass index (BMI) and, second, determine the association of these factors with CRC. This research will contribute to preventing this form of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is an analysis of a matched case-control study with a ratio of 1:2. The case group contained 206 respondents, and the control group contained 412. All CRC cases were confirmed with the histological results. The control group was matched for links between age, sex and ethnicity with CRC. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistics (SPSS) IBM version 28.0 was used to conduct descriptive analysis using chi-squared testing and simple logistic regression. The statistical significance was P < 0.05. RESULT: Overall, 618 respondents took part in this survey, of which 256 (41.4%) were female and 362 (58.6%) were male. The maximum age was 76, with a mean age ± SD of 53.17 ± 11.4. Those of Bajau ethnicity comprised 24.6% (152) of the population, followed by Dusun with 22.8% (141), Kadazan with 17.6% (109%), other North Borneo ethnic groups with 15.5% (96), Bugis with 9.7% (60), Brunei with 4.4% (27) and other predominant races with 5.3% (33). Regression analyses revealed that the incidence of CRC in North Borneo, Malaysia, was substantially correlated with income, occupation, other linked diseases and BMI. CONCLUSION: Various risk factors are linked to CRC, based on the findings related to socio-demographic characteristics and BMI. Therefore, to lower the nationwide prevalence of CRC, national public health campaigns should include collaboration with the regional authorities to highlight the incidence and risk factors of CRC based on ethnicity.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Malásia/epidemiologia , Bornéu , Etnicidade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Introduction: Oophorectomy is the treatment of choice in ovarian torsion if after detorsion the ovary looks bluish black. Ovarian preservation is advocated by many studies in the pediatric age group quoting the ability of the ovary to recover despite the appearance after detorsion. Aims: This study aims to review the outcome of salvage surgery (detorsion) in the management of pediatric ovarian torsion. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of girls under 18 years with ovarian torsion treated from January 2016 to June 2021. Data were collated from records and analyzed. Results: Ten girls with ovarian torsion were included (mean age of 11 years). Ultrasonography and Doppler confirmed ovarian torsion in all. Emergency laparoscopy with detorsion was done in all with the mean time lapse from onset to surgery being 35 h. All the ovaries were black initially and persisted to be bluish black after detorsion. All were conserved and fixed to the lateral abdominal wall. In one child with an associated ovarian cyst, the cyst excision was also done. All girls were asymptomatic on follow-up. Ultrasonography at 3-month follow-up showed a normal-sized ovary with good blood flow in 9 out of 10 girls (90% cases). Follicular changes were seen in five girls who had attained puberty. In one girl, the ovary was very small sized and flows were not well visualized. Conclusion: Detorsion and oophoropexy should be the procedure of choice in pediatric patients with ovarian torsion. The gross appearance of the ovary after detorsion should not be the sole determinant for oophorectomy.
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Visual information is a critical component in the evaluation and communication of patient medical information. As display technologies have evolved, the medical community has sought to take advantage of advances in wider color gamuts, greater display portability, and more immersive imagery. These image quality enhancements have shown improvements in the quality of healthcare through greater efficiency, higher diagnostic accuracy, added functionality, enhanced training, and better health records. However, the display technology advances typically introduce greater complexity in the image workflow and display evaluation. This paper highlights some of the optical measurement challenges created by these new display technologies and offers possible pathways to address them.
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Realidade Virtual , Humanos , Aumento da Imagem , Fluxo de TrabalhoRESUMO
Imaging tumoral pH may help to characterize aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapeutic response. We report the development of hyperpolarized [2-13C,D10]diethylmalonic acid, which exhibits a large pH-dependent 13C chemical shift over the physiological range. We demonstrate that co-polarization with [1-13C,D9]tert-butanol accurately measures pH via13C NMR and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in phantoms.
Assuntos
Isótopos de Carbono/química , Ácidos Dicarboxílicos/química , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Imagens de FantasmasRESUMO
The hyperactivity of the cyclic dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) induced by the activator protein p25 has been linked to a number of pathologies of the brain. The CDK5-p25 complex has thus emerged as a major therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Experiments have shown that the peptide p5 reduces the CDK5-p25 activity without affecting the endogenous CDK5-p35 activity, whereas the peptide TFP5, obtained from p5, elicits similar inhibition, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and exhibits behavioral rescue of AD mice models with no toxic side effects. The molecular basis of the kinase inhibition is not currently known, and is here investigated by computer simulations. It is shown that p5 binds the kinase at the same CDK5/p25 and CDK5/p35 interfaces, and is thus a non-selective competitor of both activators, in agreement with available experimental data in vitro. Binding of p5 is enthalpically driven with an affinity estimated in the low µM range. A quantitative description of the binding site and pharmacophore is presented, and options are discussed to increase the binding affinity and selectivity in the design of drug-like compounds against AD.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Barreira Hematoencefálica/química , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/química , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos/genética , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/genética , Fosforilação , Ligação ProteicaRESUMO
A hyperpolarization technique using carbonate precursors of biocompatible molecules was found to yield high concentrations of hyperpolarized (13)C bicarbonate in solution. This approach enabled large signal gains for low-toxicity hyperpolarized (13)C pH imaging in a phantom and in vivo in a murine model of prostate cancer.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Isótopos de Carbono/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Carbono-13RESUMO
Purpose: Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is clinically reported to be a promising drug in preventing nephrolithiasis. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial KATP channel in the renal protection mediated by STS. Materials and Methods: Nephrolithiasis was induced in Wistar rats by administrating 0.4% ethylene glycol (EG) along with 1% ammonium chloride for one week in drinking water followed by only 0.75% EG for two weeks. Treatment groups received STS, mitochondrial KATP channel opener and closer exclusively or in combination with STS for two weeks. Results: Animals treated with STS showed normal renal tissue architecture, supported by near normal serum creatinine, urea and ALP activity. Diazoxide (mitochondria KATP channel opening) treatment to the animal also showed normal renal tissue histology and improved serum chemistry. However, an opposite result was shown by glibenclamide (mitochondria KATP channel closer) treated rats. STS administered along with diazoxide negated the renal protection rendered by diazoxide alone, while it imparted protection to the glibenclamide treated rats, formulating a mitochondria modulated STS action. Conclusion: The present study confirmed that STS render renal protection not only through chelation and antioxidant effect but also by modulating the mitochondrial KATP channel for preventing urolithiasis.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Quelantes/farmacologia , Etilenoglicol , Nefrolitíase/prevenção & controle , Canais de Potássio/farmacologia , Tiossulfatos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Oxalato de Cálcio/metabolismo , Quelantes/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Nefrolitíase/patologia , Canais de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do Tratamento , Tiossulfatos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Vascular bed calcification is a common feature of ends stage renal disease that may lead to a complication in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular beds, which is a promoting cause of myocardial infarction, stroke, dementia and aneurysms. Sodium thiosulfate (STS) due to its multiple properties such as antioxidant and calcium chelation has been reported to prevent vascular calcification in uremic rats, without mentioning its impact on cerebral function. Moreover, the previous studies have not explored the effect of STS on the mitochondrial dysfunction, one of the main pathophysiological features associated with the disease and the main site for STS metabolism. The present study addresses this limitation by using a rat model where 0.75% adenine was administered to induce vascular calcification and 400 mg/kg b wt. of STS was given as preventive and curative agent. The blood and urine chemistries along with histopathology of aorta confirms the renal protective effect of STS in two modes of administration. The brain oxidative stress assessment was made through TBARS level, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, found to be in the near normal level. STS administration not only reduced the mitochondrial oxidative stress (measured by TBARS, SOD, GPx and CAT) but also preserved the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities (NADH dehydrogenase, Succinate dehydrogenase and Malate dehydrogenase) and its physiology (measured by P/O ratio and RCR). In fact, the protective effect of STS was prominent, when it was administered as a curative agent, where low H2S and high thiosulfate level was observed along with low cystathionine ß synthase activity, confirms thiosulfate mediated renal protection. In conclusion, STS when given after induction of calcification is protective to the brain by preserving its mitochondria, compared to the treatment given concomitantly.
Assuntos
Adenina/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiossulfatos/farmacologia , Calcificação Vascular/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/fisiologia , Masculino , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Wistar , Calcificação Vascular/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
PURPOSE: Calcium oxalate urolithiasis is one of the most common urinary tract diseases and is of high prevalence. The present study proposes to evaluate the antilithiatic property of hydrogen sulfide and its metabolites like thiosulfate & sulfate in an in vitro model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antilithiatic activity of sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaSH), sodium thiosulfate (Na(2)S(2)O(3)) and sodium sulfate (Na(2)SO(4)) on the kinetics of calcium oxalate crystal formation was investigated both in physiological buffer and in urine from normal and recurrent stone forming volunteers. The stones were characterized by optical and spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS: The stones were characterized to be monoclinic, prismatic and bipyramidal habit which is of calcium monohydrate and dihydrate nature. The FTIR displayed fingerprint corresponding to calcium oxalate in the control while in NaSH treated, S=O vibrations were visible in the spectrum. The order of percentage inhibition was NaSH>Na(2)S(2)O(3)>Na(2)SO(4). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that sodium hydrogen sulfide and its metabolite thiosulfate are inhibitors of calcium oxalate stone agglomeration which makes them unstable both in physiological buffer and in urine. This effect is attributed to pH changes and complexing of calcium by S(2)O(3)(2)-and SO(4)(2)- moiety produced by the test compounds.
Assuntos
Oxalato de Cálcio/metabolismo , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/química , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Urolitíase/metabolismo , Urolitíase/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Oxalato de Cálcio/química , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Urina/químicaRESUMO
Calcium oxalate urolithiasis is one of the most common urinary tract diseases and is of high prevalence. The present study proposes to evaluate the antilithiatic property of hydrogen sulfide and its metabolites like thiosulfate & sulfate in an in vitro model.
The antilithiatic activity of sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaSH), sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) on the kinetics of calcium oxalate crystal formation was investigated both in physiological buffer and in urine from normal and recurrent stone forming volunteers. The stones were characterized by optical and spectroscopic techniques.
The stones were characterized to be monoclinic, prismatic and bipyramidal habit which is of calcium monohydrate and dihydrate nature. The FTIR displayed fingerprint corresponding to calcium oxalate in the control while in NaSH treated, S=O vibrations were visible in the spectrum. The order of percentage inhibition was NaSH>Na2S2O3>Na2SO4.
Our study indicates that sodium hydrogen sulfide and its metabolite thiosulfate are inhibitors of calcium oxalate stone agglomeration which makes them unstable both in physiological buffer and in urine. This effect is attributed to pH changes and complexing of calcium by S2O32-and SO42- moiety produced by the test compounds.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Oxalato de Cálcio/metabolismo , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/química , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Urolitíase/metabolismo , Urolitíase/prevenção & controle , Análise de Variância , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Oxalato de Cálcio/química , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Urina/químicaRESUMO
A 47-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of multiple lumps over his left upper arm and shoulder and the adjoining left side of his chest and upper back. His medical history included diabetes mellitus type 2. The patient was a farmer and used to lift sacks of grains and fertilizers onto his shoulders as part of his work, although he did not recollect any history of specific trauma. Skin biopsy revealed granulomatous reaction with Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon, while periodic-acid-Schiff and Grocott-Gomori stains confirmed fungal elements. Sabouraud agar grew Chaetomium species, and lactophenol blue mount confirmed the fungus as Chaetomium strumarium. Radiography and computed tomography of the chest revealed intrathoracic extension of the mycetoma. The patient responded well to treatment with oral Itraconazole. Subcutaneous mycosis due to C. strumarium is rarely reported in the literature, and the intrathoracic extension makes it an even rarer entity.
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Chaetomium/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo/microbiologia , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Tela Subcutânea/microbiologia , Doenças Torácicas/microbiologia , Braço , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is clinically reported to be a promising drug in preventing nephrolithiasis. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial KATP channel in the renal protection mediated by STS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nephrolithiasis was induced in Wistar rats by administrating 0.4% ethylene glycol (EG) along with 1% ammonium chloride for one week in drinking water followed by only 0.75% EG for two weeks. Treatment groups received STS, mitochondrial KATP channel opener and closer exclusively or in combination with STS for two weeks. RESULTS: Animals treated with STS showed normal renal tissue architecture, supported by near normal serum creatinine, urea and ALP activity. Diazoxide (mitochondria KATP channel opening) treatment to the animal also showed normal renal tissue histology and improved serum chemistry. However, an opposite result was shown by glibenclamide (mitochondria KATP channel closer) treated rats. STS administered along with diazoxide negated the renal protection rendered by diazoxide alone, while it imparted protection to the glibenclamide treated rats, formulating a mitochondria modulated STS action. CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed that STS render renal protection not only through chelation and antioxidant effect but also by modulating the mitochondrial KATP channel for preventing urolithiasis.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Quelantes/farmacologia , Etilenoglicol , Nefrolitíase/prevenção & controle , Canais de Potássio/farmacologia , Tiossulfatos/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Oxalato de Cálcio/metabolismo , Quelantes/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Nefrolitíase/patologia , Canais de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Tiossulfatos/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by the free-living ameba (FLA) Naegleria fowleri is a rare but rapidly fatal disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting predominantly young, previously healthy persons. No effective chemotherapeutic prophylaxis or treatment has been identified. Recently, three transplant-associated clusters of encephalitis caused by another FLA, Balamuthia mandrillaris, have occurred, prompting questions regarding the suitability of extra-CNS solid organ transplantation from donors with PAM. During 1995-2012, 21 transplant recipients of solid organs donated by five patients with fatal cases of PAM were reported in the United States. None of the recipients developed PAM, and several recipients tested negative for N. fowleri by serology. However, historical PAM case reports and animal experiments with N. fowleri, combined with new postmortem findings from four patients with PAM, suggest that extra-CNS dissemination of N. fowleri can occur and might pose a risk for disease transmission via transplantation. The risks of transplantation with an organ possibly harboring N. fowleri should be carefully weighed for each individual recipient against the potentially greater risk of delaying transplantation while waiting for another suitable organ. In this article, we present a case series and review existing data to inform such risk assessments.
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Amebíase/parasitologia , Amebíase/transmissão , Infecções Protozoárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/transmissão , Naegleria fowleri/patogenicidade , Transplante de Órgãos/efeitos adversos , Doadores de Tecidos , Adolescente , Adulto , Amebíase/mortalidade , Infecções Protozoárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/mortalidade , Criança , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Focal adhesion turnover is a complex process required for cell migration. We have previously shown that the Ste20-like kinase (SLK) is required for cell migration and efficient focal adhesion (FA) turnover in a FA kinase (FAK)-dependent manner. However, the role of SLK in this process remains unclear. Using a candidate substrate approach, we show that SLK phosphorylates the adhesion adapter protein paxillin on serine 250. Serine 250 phosphorylation is required for paxillin redistribution and cell motility. Mutation of paxillin serine 250 prevents its phosphorylation by SLK in vitro and results in impaired migration in vivo as evidenced by an accumulation of phospho-FAK-Tyr397 and altered FA turnover rates. Together, our data suggest that SLK phosphorylation of paxillin on serine 250 is required for FAK-dependent FA dynamics.
Assuntos
Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Adesões Focais/fisiologia , Paxilina/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Células 3T3 , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Fosforilação , Fosfosserina/metabolismo , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/fisiologia , Deleção de Sequência , Especificidade por SubstratoRESUMO
The crystal structure of the cdk5/p25 complex has provided information on possible molecular mechanisms of the ligand binding, specificity, and regulation of the kinase. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations are reported here for physiological conditions. This study provides new insight on the mechanisms that modulate such processes, which may be exploited to control pathological activation by p25. The structural changes observed in the kinase are stabilized by a network of interactions involving highly conserved residues within the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) family. Collective motions of the proteins (cdk5, p25, and CIP) and their complexes are identified by principal component analysis, revealing two conformational states of the activation loop upon p25 complexation, which are absent in the uncomplexed kinase and not apparent from the crystal. Simulations of the uncomplexed inhibitor CIP show structural rearrangements and increased flexibility of the interfacial loop containing the critical residue E240, which becomes fully hydrated and available for interactions with one of several positively charged residues in the kinase. These changes provide a rationale for the observed high affinity and enhanced inhibitory action of CIP when compared to either p25 or the physiological activators of cdk5.
Assuntos
Quinase 5 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Proteínas Inibidoras de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/química , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Quinase 5 Dependente de Ciclina/química , Humanos , Ligantes , Análise de Componente Principal , Ligação Proteica , Conformação ProteicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To report a follow-up postal survey to one conducted in 1998 assessing the feasibility of standardizing urodynamic practice in the West Midlands region. METHODS: From the initial survey there was interest in standardizing the practice of urodynamics and a few simple guidelines were proposed. The postal survey was repeated to identify any changes. The guidelines included zeroing the transducer to atmospheric pressure, a filling rate of 50 mL/min and using the International Continence Society (ICS) definition of detrusor instability, including numerical values and recording any contraction in the presence of urgency. A questionnaire, similar to the initial one, was circulated to all the clinicians who had participated in the initial study, distributed approximately 8 months after agreed guidelines were issued. Specific questions included details of the filling and voiding cystometrogram, and the basis of diagnosing detrusor instability. They were also asked to comment on whether they would still like the practice to be standardized. RESULTS: Only 17 of the 23 clinicians who participated in the initial study responded. For zeroing the transducer to atmospheric pressure, eight still zeroed to the patient. Only one unit had changed its practice by zeroing to atmospheric pressure. Varied rates of filling were still used and only eight participants used the ICS criteria to diagnose detrusor instability. Three of the 17 participants did not feel that standardization was achievable. CONCLUSIONS: Obviously there is some apathy amongst clinicians to move towards standardization. No significant changes had been made since standardization guidelines were issued. Although most preferred initially to standardize urodynamic practice, individuals do not seem to have been convinced that they need to change their method to achieve uniformity.
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Urodinâmica , Inglaterra , Humanos , Auditoria Médica , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Prática Profissional , Padrões de ReferênciaRESUMO
A child presented with symptoms of compromise to cerebral blood flow and cardiac failure. On diagnostic angiography, he was found to have a discrete coarctation and related ostial stenosis of the left subclavian artery, which acted as the sole source of cerebral blood flow. The subclavian lesion was initially dilated with a 6 mm x 50 mm balloon. The discrete coarctation was then dilated with an 8 mm x 50 mm balloon. Since significant residual stenosis was present at the subclavian origin, it was stented with a 20 mm Palmaz-Schatz stent (Cordis Corporation, Miami Lakes, Florida). Since the coarcted segment required further dilatations, the kissing balloon technique was used, wherein the 6 mm balloon was placed extending from the left subclavian lesion distally to the related aortic lesion proximally, along with another 10 mm balloon in the aorta. The end result was acceptable and the patient's symptoms improved significantly after the procedure.