Resultados a siete años de la cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico en mayores de 80 años / Seven-year results of aortic valve replacement surgery in patients over 80 years of age

Resumen Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y los resultados operatorios y a siete años del reemplazo valvular aórtico en una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 80 años. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 75 pacientes consecutivos mayores de 80 años, intervenidos de reemplazo valvular aórtico exclusivo entre 2007 y 2019 en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente. Se estudian sus características demográficas, clínicas, ecocardiográficas, riesgo operatorio, cirugías, complicaciones y mortalidad operatoria y supervivencia alejada hasta el 15 de marzo 2021. Resultados: La edad media de la cohorte fue 83,05 ± 2,9 años (rango 80-95) y 43 pacientes eran mujeres (57,3%). La lesión valvular predominante fue la estenosis aórtica (89,3%). 10 pacientes tenían enfermedad coronaria asociada (13,3%) y 2 endocarditis activa. El riesgo de mortalidad operatoria calculado por EuroSCORE aditivo, logístico, II y STS score fue 7,58 ± 1,8; 9,88 ± 6,5%; 3,72 ± 3,5% y 4,27 ± 3,2%, respectivamente. Se utilizó prótesis biológica en 70 (92%) pacientes. Hubo 29 complicaciones operatorias y fallecieron 11 (14,7%) pacientes. El seguimiento promedio fue 7,1 años (rango 2-14), durante el cual fallecen 28 pacientes. La supervivencia a uno, tres y cinco años fue 82, 76, 66 y 48% respectivamente. Conclusiones: La cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico en octogenarios en nuestro medio es un procedimiento poco frecuente. La mortalidad observada fue mayor que la estimada por las escalas de riesgo. El reemplazo valvular quirúrgico es una alternativa de tratamiento de la enfermedad de la válvula aórtica en pacientes seleccionados. Se deben evaluar estrategias para mejorar los resultados.

Abstract Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and operative and 7-year results of aortic valve replacement in a cohort of patients older than 80 years. Materials and methods: Retrospective descriptive study of 75 consecutive patients older than 80 years of age who underwent exclusive aortic valve replacement between 2007 and 2019 at the Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital. Demographic, clinical, echocardiographic characteristics, operative risk, surgeries, complications and operative mortality and long-term survival until March 15, 2021 are studied. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 83.05 ± 2.9 years (range 80-95) and 43 patients were women (57.3%). The predominant valve lesion was aortic stenosis (89.3%). Ten patients had an associated coronary artery disease (13.3%) and 2 had active endocarditis. The risk of operative mortality calculated by EuroSCORE additive, logistic, II and STS score was 7.58 ± 1.8; 9.88 ± 6.5%; 3.72 ± 3.5% and 4.27 ± 3.2%, respectively. A biological prosthesis was used in 70 (92%) patients. There were 31 operative complications and 11 (14.7%) patients died. The mean follow-up was 7.1 years (range 2-14), during which 28 patients died. Survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 82, 76, 66 and 48%, respectively. Conclusions: Aortic valve replacement surgery in octogenarians in our setting is a rare procedure. The observed mortality was higher than that estimated by the risk scales. Surgical valve replacement is an alternative treatment for aortic valve disease in selected patients. Strategies to improve results should be evaluated.

[Long-term survival of patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation]. / Sobrevida alejada de los pacientes con estenosis aórtica severa tratados con implante valvular percutáneo.

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an effective and safe option for low, medium and high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis (SAS). AIM: To analyze the clinical results and long-term survival of TAVI in our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective analysis of 53 patients aged 73 ± 10 years with a Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score of 7.3 ± 3.9%. RESULTS: In 96% a transfemoral access was used and, in most patients, ProGlides™ as vascular closure device was used. General anesthesia and conscious sedation were used in 79 and 21% of cases, respectively. Fifty-three valves were implanted, 42 self-expandable (SEV) and 11 balloon-expandable (Edwards Sapiens). The implant was successful in 49 patients (92,4%). The transaortic gradient after TAVI was almost zero mmHg in all patients and one had a severe aortic regurgitation. Permanent pacemakers were needed in 17% of patients. Two patients had a pericardial effusion, and one had a major vascular complication. No strokes were recorded, and 30-day mortality was 3.7%. At long-term follow up (23.4 ± 21.6 months) the global survival was 85% and the rate of cardiovascular mortality was 5.9%. CONCLUSIONS: In this series of intermediate to high-risk patients, TAVI was associated with an excellent early and long-term survival.

Resultados de la cirugía de reparación valvular mitral en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepción (2009-2020) / Results of surgical mitral valve repair at Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital, Concepción, Chile

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, resultados operatorios inmediatos y a 5 años de la cirugía de reparación valvular mitral. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de la cohorte de pacientes operados de reparación valvular por insuficiencia mitral (IM) en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente desde el 2009 hasta marzo 2020 (N=206). Se comparan los pacientes con IM primaria y secundaria en sus características clínicas, ecocardiográficas, técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas, cirugías asociadas, morbimortalidad operatoria, sobrevida y reintervenciones hasta el 30 de mayo de 2020. Resultados: 124(60,2%) hombres. Edad media 62,6±10,5 años. La IM fue primaria en 134 y secundaria en 72. En comparación con los pacientes portadores de IM primaria, aquellos con IM secundaria tuvieron más enfermedad coronaria (69,4% versus 11,9%; p<0,001) y mayor riesgo operatorio (EuroSCORE logístico 7,7±6,7 versus 5,2±7,3; EuroSCORE II 3,4±4,8 versus 2,4±4,7; p<0,001). El mecanismo más frecuente de IM primaria fue tipo II (65,7%) y en las secundarias fue el tipo III (48,6%) seguido del tipo I (30,6%). Las IM primarias se corrigieron principalmente con procedimientos para disminuir el prolapso (76,1%). En las secundarias la técnica más utilizada fue el implante de un anillo exclusivo (76,4%). Hubo 116 cirugías asociadas y 10 (4,9%) conversiones a reemplazo valvular. Hubo 57 complicaciones operatorias y fallecieron 12 (5,8%) pacientes, 5 (3,7%) con IM primaria y 7(9,7%) con IM secundaria. La sobrevivencia global a 5 años fue 83,5% (90% en las primarias y 78% en las secundarias) y hubo 6 reintervenciones. Conclusiones: La cirugía de reparación valvular, tanto en pacientes con IM primaria como secundaria, tuvo una baja mortalidad operatoria y excelentes resultados a 5 años.

Abstract: Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics, operative and long term results of surgical mitral valve repair. Material and methods: Retrospective study of the cohort of patients undergoing valve repair due to mitral regurgitation (MR) at the Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital from 2009 to March 2020 (N = 206). Patients with primary and secondary MR were compared on clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, surgical techniques, associated surgeries, operative morbidity and mortality, survival and reinterventions up to May 30, 2020. Results: 124 (60.2%) were men. The average age was 62.6±10.5 years. Type of MR was primary in 134 and secondary in 72. Compared to patients with primary MR, those with secondary MR had more coronary artery disease (69.4% versus 11.9%; p <0.001) and greater operative risk (logistic EuroSCORE 7.7±6, 7 versus 5.2±7.3; EuroSCORE II 3.4±4.8 versus 2,4±4.7; p<0.001). The most frequent mechanism of MR was type II in primary (65.7%) and type III (48.6%) followed by type I (30.6%) in secondary MR. Primary MR was corrected mainly with procedures to decrease prolapse (76.1%). In secondary MR the main technique used was the implantation of an exclusive ring (76.4%). There were 116 associated surgeries and 10(4.9%) conversions to valve replacement. There were 57 operative complications and 12(5.8%) patients died, 5 (3.7%) with primary MR and 7 (9.7%) with secondary MR. Overall survival at 5 years was 83.5% (90% in primary MR and 78% in secondary MR) and there were 3 reoperations. Conclusions: Valve repair surgery in both primary and secondary MR patients was associated to a low operative mortality and excellent results at 5 year post surgery.

Sobrevida alejada de los pacientes con estenosis aórtica severa tratados con implante valvular percutáneo / Long-term survival of patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an effective and safe option for low, medium and high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis (SAS). Aim: To analyze the clinical results and long-term survival of TAVI in our center. Material and Methods: Prospective analysis of 53 patients aged 73 ± 10 years with a Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score of 7.3 ± 3.9%. Results: In 96% a transfemoral access was used and, in most patients, ProGlides™ as vascular closure device was used. General anesthesia and conscious sedation were used in 79 and 21% of cases, respectively. Fifty-three valves were implanted, 42 self-expandable (SEV) and 11 balloon-expandable (Edwards Sapiens). The implant was successful in 49 patients (92,4%). The transaortic gradient after TAVI was almost zero mmHg in all patients and one had a severe aortic regurgitation. Permanent pacemakers were needed in 17% of patients. Two patients had a pericardial effusion, and one had a major vascular complication. No strokes were recorded, and 30-day mortality was 3.7%. At long-term follow up (23.4 ± 21.6 months) the global survival was 85% and the rate of cardiovascular mortality was 5.9%. Conclusions: In this series of intermediate to high-risk patients, TAVI was associated with an excellent early and long-term survival.

Rotura aguda de prótesis valvular aórtica biológica Biocor® seis años después de su implante: reporte de un caso / Acute rupture a a Biocor® aortic valve prosthesis six years after implantation

Resumen: Un hombre de 66 años portador de una prótesis valvular aórtica SJM Biocor® (Saint Jude Medical, St Paul, Minn), instalada 6 años antes, se presentó con disnea severa de rápida instalación. Mediante ecocardiografía de superficie y transesofágica se demostró insuficiencia aórtica masiva y el paciente fue reintervenido con éxito. En la operación se observó un desprendimiento parcial de la inserción del velo coronario izquierdo al anillo protésico. No había endocarditis. Se implantó una nueva prótesis biológica Trifecta® (Saint Jude Inc, St Paul, Minn) N°27. La evolución precoz y a 2 años de la intervención es muy satisfactoria.

Abstract A 66 year-old man with a SJM Biocor® (Saint Jude Medical, St Paul, Minn) implanted 6 years before developed unexpected severe dyspnea. Surface and transesophageal echocardiograms confirmed severe aortic regurgitation. The patient was rapidly re operated on. There was a partial detachment of the left coronary leaflet form the valve annulus. There was no evidence of endocarditis. A new valve (Trifecta® (Saint Jude Inc, St Paul, Minn) N°27). was inserted. Clinical course has been uneventful up to two years post surgery.

Resultados de la cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea en dos períodos de uso de la técnica / Off pump coronary artery surgery: comparison of two consecutive periods with the technique

OBJETIVO: Describir los resultados inmediatos y alejados de la cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea (CEC) y comparar los resultados de la estrategia de indicación de la técnica en dos períodos. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 428 pacientes intervenidos de cirugía coronaria sin CEC entre 2004 y 2019 en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente. Se dividen en Grupo 1, período 2004-2008 (N=216) y Grupo 2, período 2009-2019 (N=212). Se estudiaron sus características clínicas, resultados quirúrgicos, morbi-mortalidad operatoria y eventos adversos al 31 de junio de 2019 y se compararon los resultados de los grupos a 5 años. RESULTADOS: No hubo diferencias en la distribución por sexo, edad, factores de riesgo y patologías asociadas entre los grupos. Hubo diferencias en las lesiones coronarias entre los Grupos 1 y 2: lesión de un vaso en 45 (20,4%) versus 125 (59%) y tres vasos en 75 (34,5%) versus 19 (9%) respectivamente (p<0,001). El riesgo operatorio por EuroSCORE logístico fue 3,3±3,95 versus 5,4±7,7 (p<0,001). Se confeccionaron 2,3±0,9 anastomosis distales en el Grupo 1 versus 1,3±0,6 en Grupo 2 (p<0,001). La tasa de complicaciones fueron 17,6% en el Grupo 1 y 5,7% en el 2 (p<0,001). La mortalidad operatoria globral fue 4 pacientes (0,9%). El seguimiento comprendió 9,2±3,8 años. La sobrevida a 10 años fue 76,9% y tasa de eventos cardiovasculares mayores 37,6%. No hubo diferencia entre los grupos a los 5 años. CONCLUSIONES: La selección de pacientes con anatomía más favorables o de mayor riesgo operatorio tuvo tasas de sobrevida y eventos similares a los observados con la estrategia menos selectiva a 5 años de seguimiento.

AIM: To describe the immediate and long-term results of off pump coronary artery surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass (OPCABG) comparing the results observed in two consecutive periods. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 428 patients undergoing OPCABG between 2004 and 2019 at the Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital. Group 1 patients operated between 2004 - 2008 (N = 216) and Group 2 operated between 2009 and 2019 (N = 212). RESULTS: There were no differences in sex, age, risk factors and co morbidities between groups. There were differences in the number of coronary lesions between groups: one vessel disease in 45 (20.4%) versus 125 (59%) and three vessels in 75 (34.5%) versus 19 (9%) in Group 1 vs Group 2, respectively (p <0.001). The operative risk for logistic EuroSCORE was 3.3 ± 3.95 in Group 1 versus 5.4 ± 7.7 in Group 2 (p <0.001). 2.3 ± 0.9 distal anastomoses were performed in Group 1 compared to 1.3 ± 0.6 in Group 2 (p<0.001). Adverse events occurred in 17.6% o patients in Group 1 compared to 5.7% in Group 2 (p<0.001). Overall, 4 patients died (0.9%). Mean overall survival at 10 years was 76.9% and the rate of major cardiovascular events was 37.6%, no differences being observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: At 5 years of follow-up the selection of patients with more favorable anatomy or greater operative risk had similar survival rates and events than those observed with the least selective strategy.

Paraganglioma Cardíaco: reporte de un caso / Cardiac Paraganglioma: case report

Abstract: A 49-year-old woman presented with dyspnea and palpitations, leading to Functional Class III.An echocardiogram showed a heterogeneous mass adhered to the right heart cavities. This was confirmed by NMR. A large right coronary artery was occluded in relation to the tumor, which was hyper vascularized. Resection of the tumor was performed; the right ventricular wall was sutured, and an atrial defect was closed using pericardial tissue. Post operative course was uneventful and she was asymptomatic 4 years after surgery.

Quiste hidatídico en ventrículo derecho / Right ventricular hydatid cyst

A 20-year-old woman, without known pre-existent conditions presented with a history of dyspnea on exertion, and palpitations for 6 months. Vital signs, as well as cardiac and pulmonary examinations were normal. Routine blood tests were normal. The ECG showed nonspecific ST-T changes. The echocardiogram showed a left ventricle of normal size and function. A cystic image was shown in relation to the right ventricle, with displacement of the interventricular septum. These findings were confirmed on computed tomography. Additional cystic images on the liver or lungs were ruled out. On surgery, a cardiac hydatic cyst adhered to the pericardium next to the right ventricle was found. Puncture, drainage of the mass and surgical removal of cystic membranes were performed. The clinical course was uneventful. A four year follow up revealed no recurrence of the cyst.

[Recommendations for the management of patients with short-term mechanical circulatory assistance]. / Recomendaciones de manejo de pacientes con asistencia circulatoria mecánica de corta duración.

There has been a progressive increase in the use of mechanical circulatory support in our country in the last years, mainly in the short-term: as a bridge to cardiac transplant or recovery, which has allowed to rescue patients from a population that concentrates high rates of complications and mortality. This motivated that the Ministry of Health convened a series of experts in the area of heart failure, transplantation and mechanical circulatory support, representatives of different public and private health centers in Chile, with the objective of developing recommendations on the use of short-term mechanical assistance devices, which would serve as a reference for the proper management of these patients. This clinical experts consensus document contains topics related to: definitions and general concepts; indications; contraindications; specific aspects of starting, follow-up and weaning of the devices; process of transfer of patients in circulatory assistance from one center to another and finally criteria of organization, means and competences to be fulfilled by the centers that offer this therapeutic option.

Recomendaciones de manejo de pacientes con asistencia circulatoria mecánica de corta duración / Recommendations for the management of patients with short-term mechanical circulatory assistance

There has been a progressive increase in the use of mechanical circulatory support in our country in the last years, mainly in the short-term: as a bridge to cardiac transplant or recovery, which has allowed to rescue patients from a population that concentrates high rates of complications and mortality. This motivated that the Ministry of Health convened a series of experts in the area of heart failure, transplantation and mechanical circulatory support, representatives of different public and private health centers in Chile, with the objective of developing recommendations on the use of short-term mechanical assistance devices, which would serve as a reference for the proper management of these patients. This clinical experts consensus document contains topics related to: definitions and general concepts; indications; contraindications; specific aspects of starting, follow-up and weaning of the devices; process of transfer of patients in circulatory assistance from one center to another and finally criteria of organization, means and competences to be fulfilled by the centers that offer this therapeutic option.

Cirugía coronaria exclusiva con dos mamarias en "Y": resultados a corto plazo / Myocardial revascularization using both mammary arteries "in Y": short term results

La cirugía de revascularización mio-cárdica (CRM) exclusiva con arterias mamarias internas en Y (BIMA-Y) podría ofrecer los mejores injertos en términos de durabilidad y menores tasas de eventos adversos en el largo plazo. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados a corto plazo de esta técnica quirúrgica en un hospital universitario chileno. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de los pacientes intervenidos de CRM con técnica de BIMA-Y entre diciembre 2010 a mayo 2014. Se incluyeron 67 pacientes, 59 hombres, con edad media 58,6±8,5 años. Cinco (5) tenían enfermedad de dos vasos y 62 de 3 vasos. El EuroSCORE aditivo fue 2.3 y el logístico 2,18%. Todas las cirugías se realizaron por esternotomía media con circulación extracorpórea. Ambas arterias mamarias internas se disecaron usando técnica esqueletizada. La arteria mamaria interna derecha (RIMA) se seccionó y anastomosó con la arteria mamaria interna izquierda (LIMA). La pared anterior se revascularizó con LIMA y las paredes lateral e inferior con RIMA. El seguimiento se extendió hasta Junio del 2015. Resultados: Se efectuaron 3,8 anastomosis/paciente: 109 LIMA (67 a arteria descendente anterior, 37 a una arteria diagonal y 5 para otros objetivos) y 145 RIMA (64 a una primera arteria marginal, 23 a una segunda marginal y 58 a descendente posterior). La revascularización fue completa en todos los casos Hubo 1 infarto perioperatorio, 6 fibrilaciones auriculares, 1 neumonía, 1 dehiscencia esternal y 5 infecciones superficiales. No hubo mortalidad operatoria ni reoperaciones por sangrado. El seguimiento medio fue 39,3±12,1 meses. Cuatro pacientes fallecieron y hubo 2 reintervenciones. Conclusiones: La técnica BIMA-Y permitió una revascularización completa con una baja tasa de complicaciones y efectos adversos en el corto plazo.

Myocardial revascularization with both mammary arteries in "Y" (Y-BIMA) might lead to longer graft duration and better clinical results. Aim: To analyze short term results of Y-BIMA in a series of patients operated on at a Chilean university hospital. Methods: Patients operated on using Y-BI-MA between December 2010 and May 2014 were analyzed. There were 67 patients (59 males) aged 58.6± 2.3 years old. Five patients had 2 vessel di-sease and 62 patients 3 vessel disease. The additi-ve Euroscore was 2.3 % and the logistic score was 2.18%. All operations were performed through a medial sternotomy using extracorporeal circulation. Both mammary arteries were dissected and skeleto-nized. The RIMA was divided and anastomosed to the LIMA. The anterior myocardial was revascularized through the LIMA while the lateral and inferior walls were revascularized through the RIMA. Results: An average 3.8 anastomosis per patient were performed: 67 LIMA to the LAD, 37 to the diagonal artery, and 5 to other targets (total 109 LIMA); RIMA was used in 145 arteries: 64 to a first marginal, 23 to a second marginal and 58 to a posterior descending artery. Revascularization was complete in all cases. One patient had a postoperative myocardial infarction, 6 developed atrial fibrillation, 1 a pneumonia, 1 a sternal dehiscence and 5 had superficial infections. There was no surgical mortality nor reoperations for bleeding. Patients were followed an average of 39.2±12.1 months. Four patients died and 2 were reoperated on during follow up.

Survival prediction models for coronary intervention: strategic decision support.

BACKGROUND: For a given patient with coronary artery disease, it is uncertain which therapy, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), maximizes long-term survival. Hence, we developed survival models for CABG and PCI using bare-metal stents (BMS) or drug-eluting stents (DES), programmed a decision-support tool, and identified its potential usefulness. METHODS: From 1995 to 2007, 23,182 patients underwent primary isolated CABG (n=13,114) or first-time PCI with BMS (n=6,964) or DES (n=3,104). Follow-up was 6.3±3.9 years. Survival models were developed independently for each therapy, then all factors appearing in any of the three models were forced into a final model for each. These were programmed into a decision-support tool. Predicted differences in 5-year survival for the same patient among the three therapies were calculated. RESULTS: Unadjusted survival was 96%, 86%, and 68% at 1, 5, and 10 years after CABG, 94%, 83%, and 68% after BMS, and 95% and 84% (no 10-year estimate) after DES, respectively. Risk factors for early and mid-term mortality were identified, leading to variable-rich (25 variables) prediction models. Patients most likely to experience a 5-year survival benefit from DES were those undergoing emergency revascularization for acute infarction, and patients most likely to benefit from CABG had extensive coronary artery disease and numerous comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed prediction models for prognosis after PCI and CABG are useful for developing a clinically relevant, strategic decision-support tool that reveals who may experience a long-term survival benefit from each modality.

Resultados a largo plazo de la cirugía coronaria sin circulación extra corpórea en pacientes con lesión de tres vasos y/o tronco coronario izquierdo / Off pump coronary artery surgery in patients with three vessel and / or main left disease: long term results

Introducción: Se presentan los resultados inmediatos y a 6 años de la cirugía coronaria sin circulación extra corpórea (CEC) en pacientes portadores de lesión de tres vasos y/o del tronco coronario izquierdo (TCI). Métodos y Resultados: Se analiza una cohorte histórica de pacientes con lesión de tres vasos y/o TCI a quienes se realizó cirugía coronaria sin CEC entre junio 2005 y diciembre 2008 (N=100). Corresponden a 81 hombres, edad 61,3 +/- 7,9 años. 20 pacientes tenían lesión del TCI. La fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo fue <30 por ciento en 6, 30 - 50 por ciento en 32 y >50 por ciento en 62 pacientes. El Euro SCORE promedio aditivo era 2,83 y el logístico 3,05. Todas las revascularizaciones se consideraron completas. Se realizaron 3,07 puentes/paciente. Hubo 5 conversiones a cirugía con CEC. Hubo complicaciones postoperatorias en 24 pacientes (3 AVE, 2 IAM, 3 insuficiencias renales agudas, 5 reoperaciones, 1 mediastinitis) y fallecieron 2. El seguimiento promedio fue 72,3 meses (rango 54 - 96). En forma alejada fallecieron 14 pacientes (5 de causa cardiovascular). Hubo 3 IAM; 5 AVE y 7 reintervenciones. Conclusión: En esta serie de pacientes con lesión de TCI y/o 3 vasos, la cirugía coronaria sin CEC no tuvo ventajas respecto a la cirugía con CEC.

Aim: To present early and long term results of Off Pump Coronary artery surgery in patients with three vessel or Main Left Disease. Methods and Results: 100 patients, mean age 61,3 +/- 7,9 years, 81 percent males, with three vessel or main left disease were submitted to off-pump coronary artery bypass between June 2005 and December 2008. Twenty patients had main left disease. Left ventricular ejection fraction was <30 percent in 6 patients, 30-50 percent in 32 and >50 percent in 62. Mean active and logistic Euro scores were 2.83 and 3.05, respectively. Patients were followed up to June 2013. All interventions were considered to have achieved complete revascularization. A mean of 3.07 bypasses were implanted. Five patients had to be converted to open heart surgery. 24 patients had post-operative complications (CVA in 3, AMI in 2, acute renal failure in 3 and mediastinitis in 1 patient. Operative mortality was 2 percent and 5 patients required reoperation. During a period of 72.3 months of follow-up (range 54-96) 14 patients died (5 from cardiovascular causes). There were 3 patients developing AMI, 5 suffered a CVA and 7 required re-revascularization. The overall results described were not different from those observed in similar patients undergoing open heart surgery at our institution. Conclusion: Off-Pump coronary artery bypass had no advantages over on pump surgery in patients with 3 vessel and/or main left disease at our institution.

[Off-pump coronary surgery. Experience in 220 patients]. / Resultados inmediatos y a mediano plazo de la cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an alternative technique for myocardial revascularization. AIM: To report the early results and 4 years follow up of the first 220 cases operated with this technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Descriptive study of 220 patients aged 60.6 ± 8.8 years (171 men) undergoing off-pump coronary surgery between 2004 and 2008. One hundred seventy six (80%) patients had hypertension, 59 (26.8%) had diabetes, 86 (39%) dyslipidemia and 85 (38.6%) were smokers. One hundred forty one patients (64.1%) had stable angina. Fifty four (24.5%) had a recent infarction (< 90 days) and 46 (20.9%) had a previous angioplasty. Ejection fraction was < 30% in 9 (4.1%), 30% - 50% in 57 (25.9%) and > 50% in 154 (70%). Additive and logistic EuroSCORE were 3.32 and 3.55% respectively. We studied the complications and mortality at 30 days. Long term follow up (late mortality and major cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction (MI) stroke and re-intervention were assessed using data of medical records and National Identification Registry Service until June 30, 2011. RESULTS: A total of 481 bypasses were performed (2.27 bypasses l patient). There were 4 (1.8%) conversions and no incomplete revascularization. Post-Operative complications occurred in 42 patients. Eight neurological (five strokes), five renal (two required dialysis), 16 cardiovascular (four myocardial infarctions), 15 surgical and 11 infections. Three patients died (1.36%). After a follow up of 4.26 ± 1.02 years, overall survival was 92.3%, and survival free of myocardial infarction, stroke or re - intervention was 96.8%, 96.8% and 95.9% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Off-pump coronary surgery in selected patients has immediate and late results comparable to traditional surgery.

Resultados inmediatos y a mediano plazo de la cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea: Experience in 220 patients / Off-pump coronary surgery

Background: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an alternative technique for myocardial revascularization. Aim: To report the early results and 4 yearsfollow up ofthefirst 220 cases operated with this technique. Patients and Methods: Descriptive study of 220 patients aged 60.6 ±8.8 years (171 men) undergoing off-pump coronary surgery between 2004 and 2008. One hundred seventy six (80%) patients had hypertension, 59 (26.8%) had diabetes, 86 (39%) dyslipidemia and 85 (38.6%) were smokers. One hundred forty one patients (64.1%) had stable angina. Fiftyfour (24.5%) had a recent infarction (< 90 days) and 46 (20.9%) had a previous angioplasty. Ejection fraction was < 30% in 9 (4.1%), 30% - 50% in 57 (25.9%) and > 50% in 154 (70%). Additive and logistic EuroSCORE were 3.32 and 3.55% respectively. We studied the complications and mortality at 30 days. Long term follow up (late mortality and major cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction (MI) stroke and re-intervention were assessed using data of medical records and National Identification Registry Service until June 30, 2011. Results: A total of 481 bypasses were performed (2.27 bypassesl patient). There were 4 (1.8%) conversions and no incomplete revascularization. Post-Operative complications occurred in 42 patients. Eight neurological (five strokes), five renal (two required dialysis), 16 cardiovascular (four myocardial infarctions), 15 surgical and 11 infections. Three patients died (1.36%). After a follow up of 4.26 ± 1.02 years, overall survival was 92.3%, and survival free of myocardial infarction, stroke or re - intervention was 96.8%, 96.8% and 95.9% respectively. Conclusions: Off-pump coronary surgery in selected patients has immediate and late results comparable to traditional surgery.

Prevención de eventos tromboembólicos con aspirina exclusiva post reemplazo valvular aórtico con bioprótesis / Prevention of thrombo-embolic events with aspirin alone after aortic valve replacement with a biologic prosthesis

Introducción: La principal ventaja de las bioprótesis es no requerir tratamiento anticoagulante. Sin embargo, algunas guías de manejo clínico recomiendan este tratamiento los primeros meses post cirugía. En los últimos años varios autores han demostrado la seguridad del uso exclusivo de aspirina en los primeros 3 meses después del reemplazo valvular aórtico con bioprótesis. Objetivo: Evaluar la morbimortalidad y complicaciones trombo embólicas y hemorrágicas en pacientes sometidos a reemplazo valvular aórtico (RVA) con bioprótesis tratados exclusivamente con aspirina (100 mg) los primeros tres meses post cirugía. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 229 pacientes (137 hombres. edad 65,3 +/- 11,76 años) operados de RVA con bioprótesis entre junio 2006 y diciembre 2011. Hubo 178 cirugías aisladas y 51 combinadas y 20 pacientes tenían endocarditis. Se estudió la morbimortalidad, complicaciones trombo embólicas y sangrado a 30 y 90 días y en el seguimento alejado hasta el 30 de junio de 2012. Resultados: A 30 días hubo 4 accidentes cerebrovasculares, 3 accidentes isquémicos transitorios y una isquemia mesentérica. Fallecieron 8 pacientes (3,5 por ciento). A los 90 días hubo 2 hemorragias (1 hemorragia digestiva, 1 hemotórax), no hubo nuevos eventos trombo embólicos ni otros fallecidos. El seguimiento promedio fue 27.8+/-17,7 meses (rango 6 - 72 meses). Durante el seguimiento fallecieron 17 pacientes y no se registraron eventos trombo embólicos ni hemorrágicos. Conclusión: En pacientes operados de reemplazo valvular aórtico con bioprótesis el uso exclusivo de aspirina fue seguro para prevenir complicaciones trombo embólicas.

Background: The abscense of a need for anticoagulant therapy is a significant advantage of biologic valve prosthesis. However, according to some clinical guidelines conventional anti-coagulant therapy is recommended for the initial 3 months following aortic valve replacement. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate morbi-mortality and thrombo-embolic events in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis receiving aspirin during the first 3 months after surgery. Methods: Data on 229 patients (137 males), aged 65.3+/-11.8 years who received biologic aortic valve prosthesis between June 2006 and December 2011 was retrospectively analyzed. 51 patients underwent combined (coronary and/or mitral valve surgery) and 20 patients had infectious endocarditis. Morbidity, mortality, thrombo-embolic and hemorrhagic events were tabulated up to June 30, 2012. Results: During the first 30 days after surgery there were 4 cerebro-vascular events and 1 episode of mesenteric ischemia. Operative (30 day) mortality was 3.5 percent (8 patients). At 90 days, 2 patients had a hemorrhagic event (GI bleeding and hemotho-rax, respectively), but no further embolic events or deaths occurred. Patients were followed for a mean of 27.8 +/-17,7 months (range 6 to 72 months). 17 patients died but no cases of embolism or bleeding were observed. Conclusion: Aspirin was safe and effective for prevention of thrombo-embolic complications following aortic valve replacement with a biologic prosthesis.

[Spontaneous closure of a residual fistula after surgical closure of a traumatic aorto-right ventricular fístula. Report of one case]. / Cierre espontáneo de fístula residual post cierre quirúrgico de fístula aorto-ventricular derecha traumática: Caso clínico.

We report a 16-year-old boy, who suffered a right vent ride penetrating injury caused by a sharp blade that evolved to cardiac tampon. He underwent surgery and was discharged four days later. Thirteen days later, a cardiac murmur was found. An echocardiography showed an aorta-right ventricular fistula. Surgical closure was performed through an aortotomy on cardiopulmonary by pass. The control echocardiography showed a small residual fistula, which closed spontaneously three months later.

Factores asociados a mortalidad en cirugía de la endocarditis infecciosa en el Hospital Regional de Concepción entre 1985 y 2005 / Risk factors associated to mortality in cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis: 1995-2005, Hospital Regional de Concepcion, Chile

Introducción: Se presenta la experiencia en tratamiento quirúrgico de endocarditis infecciosa (EI) y analizan factores asociados a mortalidad. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados por EI en el Hospital Regional de Concepción entre 1985 y 2005 (N=126). Se estudian características clínicas, cirugía efectuada, y morbimortalidad. Se comparó la mortalidad según periodo (1985–1994, 1995–2005), sexo, edad, válvula afectada, duración del tratamiento médico, indicación de cirugía y procedimiento efectuado. Las diferencias se estudiaron con test de probabilidad exacta de Fisher y test de independencia de variables según la distribución Chi–cuadrado. Resultados: Se operaron 52 pacientes entre 1985 y 1994. Edad promedio 43.5 años. 98 pacientes (77.8%) de sexo masculino. Las válvulas afectadas fueron aórtica (66.7%), mitral (10.3%), mitral y aórtica (21.4%). El tratamiento médico fue < 14 días en 47 (37%), entre 15 y 30 días en 50 (40%) y > 31 días en 29 (23%). Las principales indicaciones quirúrgicas fueron la insuficiencia cardiaca (54.7%) y vegetaciones >1cm (31%). Se realizaron 96 reemplazos univalvulares y 21 reemplazos bivalvulares. Presentaron complicaciones 63 pacientes y fallecieron 19 (15.1%). Se observó una mayor mortalidad en cirugía antes de 1995, sexo femenino, edad mayor de 50 años, compromiso bivalvular, periodo de tratamiento médico inferior a 30 días, indicación quirúrgica por insuficienciacardiaca y reemplazo bivalvular. Las diferencias no tuvieron significación estadística.Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, la mayor mortalidad quirúrgica se observó en los pacientes de mayor edad, sexo femenino y con compromiso bivalvular. Las diferencias observadas no tuvieron significación estadística.

Aim: to review the results of cardiac surgery in patients with Infective Endocarditis (IE) and to determine risk factors associated to surgical mortality. Method: A retrospective study of patients with cardiac surgery for IE at the Hospital Regional de Concepcion between 1985 and 2005 (n=126). We tabulated the clinical characteristics, type of surgery, morbidity and mortality. Mortality was compared for the period 1985-1994 vs. the period 1995-2005, according to sex, age, valve involved, duration of medical treatment, indication for surgery and procedure performed at operation. Differences were evaluated by the Fisher exact test or Chi square, as required Results: The mean age was 34.5 years; 98 patients (77.8%) were males. The aortic valve was affected in 66.7%,mitral valve in 10.3%, and both valves in 21.4%. Medical treatment lasted less than 14 days in 37%, 15-30 Days in 40% and >31 days in 23% of patients. Main surgical indications were congestive heart failure (54.7%) and vegetations greater than 1cm (31%). A single valve was replaced in 96 patients and 2 valves in 21. Complications occurred in 63 patients; the mortality rate was 15.1%. Compared to the later period, patients operated on before 1995 had greater mortality rate, proportion of women, age >50 years, bivalvular disease, frequency of medical treatment under 30 days, CHF as an indication for surgery and bivalvular replacements. However, the differences were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Older age, female sex and bivalvular disease were associated, although not significantly, with surgical mortality for IE.

Reemplazo valvular mitral en valvulopatía reumática: ¿es beneficioso conservar el velo posterior? / Valve replacement in rheumatic mitral valve disease: is it beneficial to preserve the posterior leaflet?

Introducción: La conservación del velo posterior en reemplazo valvular mitral (RVM) preservaría la función ventricular izquierda. Su utilidad es discutible en valvulopatía reumática. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados del RVM por enfermedad reumática según la conservación del velo posterior. Método: Revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes sometidos a RVM en nuestro servicio entre 1990 y 2004 (N=212). Se dividen según conservación (grupo 1, N=119) o no (grupo 2, N=93) del velo posterior. Los grupos son comparables en sexo, edad y patología valvular. Se comparó la morbimortalidad operatoria y realizó análisis de regresión logística de factores asociados a mortalidad. Seguimiento clínico y sobrevida hasta el 31 de julio de 2007. Resultados: Hubo diferencias en la capacidad funcional (CF) preoperatoria entre los grupos (p<0.001). Hubo 9,4% de complicaciones en el grupo 1 y 46,2% en el grupo 2 (NS). Mortalidad operatoria fue 5.1% en grupo 1 y 15.2% en grupo 2 (p<0.012). Análisis de regresión logística mostró sólo a la CF como predictor independiente de mortalidad. Seguimiento promedio de 49 meses en grupo 1 y 73 meses en grupo 2. No hubo diferencias en la CF, diámetro de aurícula izquierda y presión de arteria pulmonar en el seguimiento. Sobrevida a 1, 5 y 10 años fue similar entre los grupos (p=0.226). Sólo la CF pre operatoria fue predictor independiente de sobrevida (p=0.04). Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, sólo la CF preoperatoria se asoció a mortalidad operatoria y sobrevida alejada en RVM. La conservación del velo posterior no influyó en la evolución de los pacientes.

Background: Preservation of the posterior leaflet in mitral valve replacement (MVR) has been advocated to avoid left ventricular dysfunction. This effect is debatable in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease. Aim: to evaluate results of MVR with preservation of the posterior leaflet in patients with rheumatic valve disease. Method: We reviewed the clinical records of 212 patients submitted to MVR from 1990 to 2004. The posterior leaflet was preserved in 119 patients (Group 1) and not preserved in 93 (Group 2). Both groups had similar age, gender distribution and valve pathology. Operative mortality rate and risk factors for mortality were analyzed using logistic regression. The follow-up period extended through July 31, 2007. Results: Functional class differed significantly among groups (p<0.001). Complications occurred in 29.4% in Group 1 and 46.2% in Group 2 (NS). Operative mortality rate was 5.1 percent in Group 1 (p<0.012). Functional class was the only risk factor mortality. The mean follow-up was 49 months in Group 1 and 73 months in Group 2. There was no difference between groups in functional class, left atrial diameter and pulmonary artery pressure during follow-up. Survival rates at 1,6 and 10 years were also similar between groups (p=0,226). Preoperative functional class was the only predictor of late survival (p=0.4). Conclusion: Preoperative functional class was the only predictor of operative and late mortality in patients undergoing MVR. Preservation of the posterior leaflet was not associated with better results in this series of patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease.

Does location of the second internal thoracic artery graft influence outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting?

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine whether location of the second internal thoracic artery (ITA) graft used for bilateral ITA grafting affects mortality and morbidity of patients with 3-system coronary artery disease and to identify factors associated with second ITA location. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 1972 to June 2006, 3611 patients with 3-system coronary artery disease underwent bilateral ITA grafting with one graft anastomosed to the left anterior descending system and the second to either the circumflex (n=2926) or right coronary artery (n=685) system. Follow-up was 9.2+/-7.2 years. Propensity score methodology was used to obtain risk-adjusted outcome comparisons between patients with the second ITA to circumflex versus right coronary artery. Hospital mortality (0.34% versus 0.58%; P=0.4), stroke (0.96% versus 0.88%; P=0.8), myocardial infarction (1.3% versus 0.73%; P=0.2), renal failure (0.44% versus 0.29%; P=0.6), respiratory insufficiency (3.5% versus 3.8%; P=0.7), and reoperation for bleeding (3.4% versus 3.2%; P=0.8) were similar in patients who received the second ITA to circumflex or right coronary artery and remained similar after propensity score adjustment. Late survival (86% versus 87% at 10 years) was also similar. Despite this, there was a gradual decline in ITA to right coronary artery grafting. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to prevailing wisdom that the second ITA graft should be anastomosed to the next most important left-sided coronary artery in 3-system coronary artery disease, it may be placed to either the circumflex or right coronary artery system with similar early and late outcomes.