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1.
Psicothema ; 33(2): 244-250, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33879297

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Segregation by gender when relating to peers is a well-known phenomenon, with important implications for the development of children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to deeply analyze the intra and intergender relationships that young people establish with their peers, as well as the link that these relationships have with social reputation. METHOD: 593 youngsters (50.1% girls) from 5th and 6th years of Primary Education, and 1st and 2nd years of Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE) completed a sociometric test and a social reputation test. RESULTS: The main results indicate that girls had a higher number of positive reciprocities with other girls, whereas boys tended to have conflictive intragender relationships. We confirmed that the relationships between the different sociometric indices and social reputation were different in boys and girls. Thus, for example, aggression and sociability were differently related to the establishment of intergender relationships in boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS: The results related to previous research are discussed, and some possible educational implications are noted.


Assuntos
Agressão , Grupo Associado , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Identidade de Gênero , Humanos , Masculino , Técnicas Sociométricas
2.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 33(2): 244-250, 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-225501

RESUMO

Background: Segregation by gender when relating to peers is a wellknown phenomenon, with important implications for the development of children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to deeply analyze the intra and intergender relationships that young people establish with their peers, as well as the link that these relationships have with social reputation. Method: 593 youngsters (50.1% girls) from 5th and 6th years of Primary Education, and 1st and 2nd years of Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE) completed a sociometric test and a social reputation test. Results: The main results indicate that girls had a higher number of positive reciprocities with other girls, whereas boys tended to have confl ictive intragender relationships. We confi rmed that the relationships between the different sociometric indices and social reputation were different in boys and girls. Thus, for example, aggression and sociability were differently related to the establishment of intergender relationships in boys and girls. Conclusions: The results related to previous research are discussed, and some possible educational implications are noted. (AU)


Antecedentes: la segregación por género a lahora de relacionarse con los iguales es un fenómeno conocido, y que tiene importantes repercusiones en el desarrollo de niños/as y adolescentes. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en el análisis de las relaciones intra e intergénero que los/as jóvenes establecen con sus compañeros, así como el vínculo que dichas relaciones tienen con la reputación social. Método: 593 jóvenes (50,1% chicas) de 5º y 6º de primaria, y 1º y 2º de la ESO completaron un test sociométrico y una prueba de reputación social. Resultados: los principales resultados señalan que las chicas tienen un mayor número de reciprocidades positivas con otras chicas, mientras que los chicos tienden a tener relaciones intragénero confl ictivas. Se comprueba que las relaciones que mantienen los diferentes índices sociométricos con la reputación social son diferentes en chicos y chicas. Así, por ejemplo, la agresividad y la sociabilidad se relacionan con el establecimiento de relaciones intergénero manera diferente en chicos y chicas. Conclusiones: se discuten los resultados en función de la investigación previa, y se apuntan algunas posibles implicaciones educativas. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Segregação Social , Relações Interpessoais , Estigma Social , 57433 , Sexismo
3.
Psicothema ; 22(4): 865-71, 2010 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21044525

RESUMO

The implementation of the law 5/2000 for the regulation of Criminal Responsibility for Minors has led to a change in interventions in cases of juvenile offenders. This law promotes the educational and rehabilitative aims of the measures imposed. However, the focus of the media on the most serious cases has generated considerable alarm in society in general. The aim of this study is to determine the social perception of Law 5/2000. For this purpose, a sample of 936 people from the Autonomous Region of the Canary Islands was surveyed. The main results indicate that there is a significant lack of knowledge about the law and that people tend to think that the measures taken are not as effective as studies carried out in connection with this subject have shown. Nevertheless, the people surveyed are more in favour of educational measures than of measures that penalize. These results are discussed in connection with the importance that community factors have in dealing with juvenile delinquency, and in particular, in the power of social pressure to modify legislation, and of the community to assume responsibility for the reinsertion of juvenile offenders.


Assuntos
Delinquência Juvenil/legislação & jurisprudência , Delinquência Juvenil/psicologia , Menores de Idade/legislação & jurisprudência , Percepção Social , Adulto , Atitude , Feminino , Humanos , Delinquência Juvenil/reabilitação , Delinquência Juvenil/tendências , Conhecimento , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Opinião Pública , Estudos de Amostragem , Controles Informais da Sociedade , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
4.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 22(4): 865-871, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-82547

RESUMO

La entrada en vigor de la Ley Orgánica 5/2000, reguladora de la Responsabilidad Penal de los Menores, ha supuesto un cambio en la intervención que se desarrolla con los menores infractores, en el sentido de que se promueve la finalidad educativa y reparadora de las medidas. No obstante, la focalización de los medios de comunicación en los casos más graves ha generado una considerable alarma social. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la valoración social de la Ley 5/2000. Para ello, se encuestó a una muestra de 936 personas en la comunidad autónoma de Canarias. Los principales resultados indican que existe un gran desconocimiento de la Ley, y que se tiende a pensar que las medidas que se toman no son tan efectivas como manifiestan los estudios realizados al respecto. No obstante, los encuestados se muestran más favorables a las medidas de tipo educativo que a las sancionadoras. Estos resultados se discuten en función de la importancia que los factores comunitarios tienen en el abordaje de la delincuencia juvenil, concretamente en su poder de presión social para modificar la legislación, y en la asunción de responsabilidad por parte de la comunidad en la reinserción de los menores infractores(AU)


The implementation of the law 5/2000 for the regulation of Criminal Responsibility for Minors has led to a change in interventions in cases of juvenile offenders. This law promotes the educational and rehabilitative aims of the measures imposed. However, the focus of the media on the most serious cases has generated considerable alarm in society in general. The aim of this study is to determine the social perception of Law 5/2000. For this purpose, a sample of 936 people from the Autonomous Region of the Canary Islands was surveyed. The main results indicate that there is a significant lack of knowledge about the law and that people tend to think that the measures taken are not as effective as studies carried out in connection with this subject have shown. Nevertheless, the people surveyed are more in favour of educational measures than of measures that penalize. These results are discussed in connection with the importance that community factors have in dealing with juvenile delinquency, and in particular, in the power of social pressure to modify legislation, and of the community to assume responsibility for the reinsertion of juvenile offenders (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , 51725/políticas , Responsabilidade Penal , Menores de Idade/legislação & jurisprudência , Menores de Idade/psicologia , Política de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Amostragem Estratificada , Demografia , Estudos Transversais , Análise de Dados
5.
Int. j. psychol. psychol. ther. (Ed. impr.) ; 8(3): 401-412, oct. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-119594

RESUMO

In this study, we analysed the relationship between the use of learning strategies and academic achievement using three different indicators: The attempt rate (credits attempted over credits registered for), the efficiency rate (credits passed over credits registered for), and success rate (credits passed over credits attempted). The results obtained from a sample of 749 university students show differences according to the indicator used. Whereas the attempt and efficiency rate are related to the use of strategies that promote self-regulated learning, the success rate, as well as being related to these strategies, is also related to a deeper cognitive processing and the search for the applicability of the material being studied. These results are discussed in connection with previous research and their implication for university teaching (AU)


En este estudio analizamos la relación que guarda el uso de las estrategias de aprendizaje con el rendimiento académico, utilizando para ello tres indicadores diferentes: la tasa de intento (créditos presentados sobre los matriculados), la tasa de eficiencia (créditos aprobados sobre los matriculados) y la tasa de éxito (créditos aprobados sobre los presentados). Los resultados encontrados en una muestra de 749 universitarios señalan diferencias según el indicador utilizado. Así, mientras que la tasa de intento y la eficiencia se relacionan con el uso de estrategias que fomentan un aprendizaje significativo y autorregulado, el éxito, además de con dichas estrategias, también se relaciona con un procesamiento cognitivo más profundo y con la búsqueda de aplicabilidad de los contenidos estudiados. Estos resultados se discuten en relación a la investigación previa y a sus implicaciones para el diseño de la enseñanza universitaria (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Aprendizagem , Logro , Intenção , Estratégias de Saúde , Eficiência , Avaliação Educacional , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Autoeficácia
6.
An. psicol ; 24(1): 25-32, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66527

RESUMO

Desde un enfoque ecológico, el trabajo que se realiza con las familias de los menores que viven en los dispositivos de acogimiento residencial cobra un especial interés. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar la evolución de la vinculación del menor con su familia y de la cooperación de ésta con la residencia. Tomando dos medidas separadas nueve meses en el tiempo a un total de 138 casos, y utilizando la escala de observación mensual de objetivos del Proyecto Educativo Individualizado, encontramos tres grupos de evolución: mejora, mantenimiento y empeoramiento. Las variables del caso no parecen influir en esta evolución. Así mismo, se observa que, sobre todo la mejora de la cooperación de la familia con la residencia, se relaciona positivamente con la autonomía de los menores y con su adaptación al contexto residencial, no encontrándose relación con la adaptación al contexto escolar


Abstract: From an ecological approach, the work that is made with the families of the minors who live in residential care services receives a special interest. The primary target of this work is to analyze the evolution of the bonds of the minor with its family and the cooperation of this one with the residence. Taking two separated measures nine months in the time to a total of 138 cases, and using the scale of monthly observation of objectives of the Individualized Educative Project, we found three groups of evolution: improvement, maintenance and worsening. The variables of the case do not seem to influence in this evolution. Also, it is observed like, mainly the improvement of the cooperation of the family with the residence, repels positively in the autonomy of the minors and the adaptation to the residential context, not being relation with the adaptation to the school


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adoção/psicologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Cuidados no Lar de Adoção , Espanha
7.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 19(3): 406-412, jul.-sept. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68682

RESUMO

En este trabajo se realiza una evaluación de los programas de acogimiento residencial para menores desde la perspectiva de evaluación de resultados. Tomando dos medidas separadas nueve meses en el tiempo a un total de 175 menores, y utilizando la escala de observación mensual de objetivos del Proyecto Educativo Individualizado, encontramos que, en la mayoría de las dimensiones analizadas, se producen mejoras, aunque éstas no se dan por igual en todos los menores, ni en la misma magnitud. Los análisis diferenciales muestran que variables como el motivo de ingreso y el tiempo de estancia modulan los resultados encontrados. No se encuentran relaciones significativas con la edad ni con el sexo. Estos resultados se discuten en relación con la literatura existente


In this study, the results achieved by residential care programs for minors were evaluated. Two measurements were taken, nine months apart, from a total of 175 minors using a monthly observation scale of goals from an Individualised Educational Project. It was found that, in the majority of the dimensions analysed, there were improvements, although they were not the same for all the minors or of the same magnitude. The differential analyses show that variables such as reason for admission and duration of stay modify the results obtained. There was no significant relationship with age or sex. These results are discussed in the light of existing literature


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Orfanatos/tendências , Criança Abandonada/psicologia , Gestão da Qualidade Total/métodos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Comportamento Infantil , Comportamento do Adolescente , Distribuição por Sexo , Distribuição por Idade
8.
Psicothema ; 19(3): 406-12, 2007 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17617978

RESUMO

In this study, the results achieved by residential care programs for minors were evaluated. Two measurements were taken, nine months apart, from a total of 175 minors using a monthly observation scale of goals from an Individualised Educational Project. It was found that, in the majority of the dimensions analysed, there were improvements, although they were not the same for all the minors or of the same magnitude. The differential analyses show that variables such as reason for admission and duration of stay modify the results obtained. There was no significant relationship with age or sex. These results are discussed in the light of existing literature.


Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Mental/normas , Instituições Residenciais/normas , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Espanha
9.
An. psicol ; 19(2): 173-186, dic. 2003. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-32249

RESUMO

La presente investigación plantea dos objetivos. El primero conocer las necesidades sociopersonales de los drogodependientes, desde su perspectiva y desde la perspectiva de los profesionales. El segundo objetivo evaluará la eficacia de una intervención sociopersonal basada en las necesidades detectadas. La eficacia de la intervención se evaluará a través de la percepción y atribución de cambio por parte de los usuarios. Se trabajó con una muestra de 81 sujetos pertenecientes a tres centros de atención a las drogodependencias de la isla de Tenerife. Los resultados del primer objetivo indican que, usuarios y profesionales coinciden en que las necesidades sociopersonales que hay que trabajar son, en primer lugar, el área personal, en segundo lugar los aspectos sociales y, finalmente, aparece el área familiar. Sólo los profesionales destacan el área escolar como necesaria. Dentro del área personal es donde existen más discrepancias entre usuarios y profesionales. En el segundo objetivo, evaluar la intervención según la percepción de los usuarios, los resultados muestran que, los usuarios valoran más los aspectos referidos al ámbito personal. En cuanto a las atribuciones del cambio, manifiestan haber cambiado, por los contenidos trabajados, por la metodología utilizada y por el tipo de vinculación afectiva que mantuvieron con los monitores (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha , Ensaio Clínico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Relações Interpessoais
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