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Resumen: OBJETIVO: Comparar la tasa de blastocistos euploides obtenida después de la estimulación ovárica en fase folicular con la fase lútea en un mismo ciclo menstrual en pacientes con deficiente respuesta ovárica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio clínico, prospectivo y comparativo llevado a cabo en el Centro de Reproducción Arcos, Nascere, entre los meses de enero a julio de 2019. Se incluyeron pacientes con pobre respuesta ovárica según los criterios de Bologna y con indicación de PGT-A. Las estimulaciones en fase folicular y lútea se efectuaron con antagonista de la GnRH y FSHr/LHr (2:1) a partir del día 3 del ciclo y 5 días después de la primera recuperación de los ovocitos. Para completar el proceso de maduración ovocitaria se utilizaron análogos de GnRH, se tomó una biopsia de trofoectodermo en día 5-7. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 20 pacientes. Al comparar la fase folicular con la lútea la tasa de fertilización fue de 79% (IC95%: 29-46) vs 55% (IC95%: 34-53), la tasa de blastocistos 42% (IC95%: 19-44) vs 45% (IC95%: 24-55) y la tasa de blastocistos euploides 100% (IC95%: 44-53) vs 70% (IC95%: 38-46), respectivamente. Solo la tasa de recuperación de ovocitos en metafase II mostró diferencias significativas entre ambas fases 40% (IC95%: 18-37) vs 59% (IC95%: 31-59), p = 0.0333 en la fase folicular y lútea, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: La estimulación ovárica bifásica (folicular-lútea), en el mismo ciclo menstrual (DuoStim), resultó en mayor tasa de recuperación de ovocitos en metafase II durante la fase lútea. Sin embargo, las tasas de desarrollo embrionario a día 5-6 (blastocistos) y de embriones euploides fueron similares entre ambas fases.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Euploid blastocyst rate comparison between ovarian stimulation in follicular vs luteal phase performed in the same menstrual cycle in patients with poor ovarian response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical, prospective and comparative study conducted at Centro de Reproducción Arcos S.C., "Nascere", during january-july, 2019. Patients with PGT-A indication and poor ovarian response according to Bologna criteria were included. Under a short GnRH-antagonist protocol, stimulations, both in follicular and luteal phase were performed using rFSH/rLH (2:1) from day 3 of the cycle and 5 days after the first oocyte retrieval. In addition, ovulation trigger with an GnRH agonist was used, finally, on day 5-6 of embryo development, trophoctoctoderm biopsy was performed. RESULTS: In this study, 20 patients were included; when comparing follicular phase vs luteal phase, we found that fertilization rate was 79% (95%CI 29-46) vs 55% (95%CI 34-53), blastocysts rate was 42% (95%CI 19-44) vs 45% (95%CI 24-55) and euploid embryo rate was 100% (95%CI 44-53) vs 70% (95%CI 38-46). Only the oocyte recovery rate in metaphase II showed significant differences between both phases 40% (IC 95% 18-37) vs 59% (IC 95% 31-59), p=0.0333. CONCLUSION: Biphasic ovarian stimulation (follicular/ luteal) in the same menstrual cycle (DuoStim) resulted in a higher metaphase II ooctye recovery rate during the luteal phase in comparison with the follicular phase. However, the rates of blastocysts and euploid blastocysts were similar between both phases.
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Resumen: OBJETIVO: Analizar las tasas de concordancia, falsos positivos y negativos entre el ADN embrionario circulante en medio de cultivo y su relación con los reportes de la biopsia de trofoectodermo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y comparativo, llevado a cabo en el Centro de Reproducción Arcos Nascere en noviembre 2018. Criterios: de inclusión: parejas en esquema de fertilización in vitro, con diagnóstico genético preimplantacional de aneuploidias. Criterios de exclusión: pacientes con anomalías estructurales o enfermedades monogénicas. Criterio de eliminación: blastocistos con eclosión asistida. Variables de respuesta: tasa de concordancia, falsos positivos y negativos entre las biopsias de trofoectodermo y los medios de cultivo. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS 25.0, con pruebas t de Student y χ2 con valor de p < 0.05 significativa. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 20 blastocistos de 5 parejas y se obtuvieron resultados informativos de 17 (amplificación global exitosa); 70% en día 5 y 100% en día 6. La tasa general de concordancia entre las biopsias de trofoectodermo y los medios de cultivo fue de 68.7% (42.8% en día 5 y 88.8% en día 6). En cuanto a las discrepancias, solo se observaron 2 falsos negativos en los medios de cultivo vs la biopsia de trofoectodermo (14.2% en día 5 y 11.11% en día 6); hubo 3 casos de falsos positivos (la mitad en día 5 y ninguno en día 6-7). CONCLUSIONES: Con la prueba genética no invasiva de aneuploidias se alcanzaron altas tasas de concordancia, sobre todo en embriones en día 6.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Analyze the concordance, false positive and false negative rates between circulating free DNA of the culture media compared to the results of the trophectoderm biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, prospective and comparative study, conducted at Arcos Reproduction Center S.C. Nascere in november 2018. Couples with indication of preimplantation genetic diagnosis of aneuploidies undergoing In vitro Fertilization were included; carriers of structural anomalies or monogenic diseases were excluded and blastocysts with assisted hatching were eliminated. The response variables were the concordance, false positives and false negatives rates between trophoctoctoderm biopsies and culture media. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 25.0, using t-Student and chi-square tests with a value of p <0.05 significant. RESULTS: Informative results were obtained in 17 of the 20 culture media (85% successful global amplification); 70% on day 5 and 100% on day 6. The general concordance rate between trophectoderm biopsies and culture media was 68.7% (42.8% on day 5 and 88.8% on day 6). Regarding discrepancies, only 2 false negatives were observed in the culture media compared to the trophectoderm biopsy (14.2% on day 5 and 11.1% on day 6). There were 3 cases false positives (42.8% on day 5 and 0% on day 6). CONCLUSIONS: High rates of concordance were reached with the non-invasive genetic aneuploidy test, mainly in embryos on day 6.
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Resumen Objetivo: Determinar si la eliminación de espermatozoides positivos a marcadores tempranos de apoptosis en parejas con infertilidad inexplicable incrementa la tasa de nacidos vivos. Materiales y métodos: Ensayo piloto, con asignación al azar, controlado y triple ciego; y un estudio paralelo de dos grupos. Se incluyeron parejas con diagnóstico de infertilidad inexplicable que se asignaron en una proporción 1:1 al grupo A (método de capacitación espermática swim-up) o grupo B (método de capacitación espermática swim-up complementado con separación magnética de células activadas; magnetic-actived cell sorting; MACS). Posteriormente, a todas las muestras se les efectuó una inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides, como técnica de fertilización. Por último, todos los embriones obtenidos se analizaron hasta la etapa de blastocisto y todas las transferencias se llevaron a cabo en la misma etapa. Resultados: Se incluyeron 40 parejas y no se encontraron diferencias en la tasa de fertilización. Con la aplicación de MACS se obtiene mayor porcentaje de embriones de buena calidad en día 3 (90.3 vs 99.5%; p = 0.03) y en día 5 (77.3 vs 90.1%; p = < 0.0001) disminuyó el porcentaje de embriones arrestados (16.3 vs 7.9%; p = 0.01). Por último, las tasas de implantación (42.1 vs 57.1%), embarazo clínico (60 vs 80%) y nacidos vivos (55 vs 80%) aumentaron, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: La separación magnética de células activadas (MACS) en parejas con infertilidad inexplicable mejora el desarrollo embrionario. A pesar de no existir una diferencia significativa se observa una tendencia al incremento de embarazos clínicos y nacidos vivos.
Abstract Objective: To determine if the live births delivery rate with the eliminating sperm positive to early apoptotic events is higher in couples with unexplained infertility. Materials and methods: A pilot randomized controlled trialA pilot and triple-blinded; using a parallel study of two groups. We included a total of 40 couples with unexplained infertility assigned in a 1:1 proportion either to the group A (sperm training method swim-up) or to the group B (swim-up sperm training method supplemented with the use of "magnetic-actived cell sorting (MACS)"). Subsequently, all samples were submitted to intracytoplasmic sperm injection as a fertilization technique. Finally, all embryos obtained were analyzed until the blastocyst stage, and all the transfers were performed in the same stage. Results: There are no differences in the fertilization rate; however, with the use of "magnetic-actived cell sorting" there is a higher percentage of good quality embryos on day 3 (90.3% vs 99.5%, p = 0.03) and day 5 (77.3% vs 90.1%, p = <0.0001). In addition, a decrease in the percentage of arrested embryos was demonstrated (16.3% vs 7.9%, p = 0.01). Finally, implantation (42.1% vs 57.1%), clinical pregnancy (60% vs 80%) and live birth rates (55% vs 80%) increased; however, no statistically significant differences were reported. Conclusions: The use of "magnetic-actived cell sorting" in couples with unexplained infertility improves embryonic development. Although there is no significant difference, a trend is observed in relation to the increase in the number of clinical pregnancies and live births.
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BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicular aspiration is the standard of care in women undergoing oocyte retrieval during vitro fertilization (IVF). When this approach is inaccessible, there are alternative methods to extract the oocytes at the exact moment. One of these alternative options is the transabdominal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. We present a case report of a mixed follicular aspiration in a patient with ovaries of difficult access. CASE REPORT: A 36-year-old patient with primary infertility came for medical advice. Because of bilateral tubal occlusion, an in vitro fertilization cycle was started. Transvaginal sonograms revealed a normal left ovary, but the right one was completely attached to the anterior face of the uterus. After ovarian stimulation, transvaginal follicular aspiration was done on the left ovary, meanwhile, on the right ovary; transabdominal follicular aspiration was performed, retrieving 3 oocytes on metaphase II by this technique. Finally, there were no complications during the procedure and the patient got pregnant at the end of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided transabdominal follicular aspiration, is the safest and most effective technique when transvaginal access to the ovaries is compromised.
