Using CDOM spectral shape information to improve the estimation of DOC concentration in inland waters: A case study of Andean Patagonian Lakes.

For the last two decades different scientific disciplines have focused on lacustrine dissolved organic matter (DOM) given its importance in the biogeochemistry of carbon and in ecosystem functioning. New satellites supply the appropriate resolutions to evaluate chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in inland waters, opening the possibility to estimate DOM at appropriate spatiotemporal scales. This requires, however, a robust relationship between CDOM and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In this work, we evaluated the use of CDOM as a proxy of DOC in 7 Andean Patagonian lakes. Considering the entire data set, CDOM absorption coefficients (a355 and a440) were linearly related with DOC. Shallow lakes, however, drove this relationship showing a moderate relationship, whereas, deep lakes with lower colour presented a weaker relationship. Therefore, we assessed the use of CDOM spectral shape information to improve DOC estimates regardless of observed DOM differences due to climatic seasonality and lakes' morphometry. The use of well-known CDOM spectral shape metrics (i.e., S275-295 and a250:a365 ratio) significantly improved DOC estimation. Particularly, using a Gaussian decomposition approach we found that much of the variation in the spectral shape, associated with the variability of CDOM:DOC ratio, was explained by differences in two dynamic regions centred at 270 and 320 nm. A strong nonlinear relationship was found between the a270:a320 ratio and the DOC-specific absorption coefficients a*355 and a*440. This was translated into a further improvement in DOC estimation yielding the higher R2 and lower mean absolute differences (MAPD < 16%), either considering the entire data set or shallow and deep lakes separately. Our results highlight that incorporating the CDOM spectral shape information improves the characterization of the DOC pool of inland waters, which is particularly relevant for remote and/or inaccessible sites and has significant implications for the environmental management, biogeochemical studies and future remote sensing applications.

Ferrule Design Does Not Affect the Biomechanical Behavior of Anterior Teeth Under Mechanical Fatigue: An In Vitro Evaluation.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the survival and failure mode of fiber-post resin restorations over preparations with different ferrule designs when submitted to a fatigue load test. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty bovine incisors were selected and divided into five groups (n=10) according to ferrule design: a no-ferrule group, a 2-mm circumferential ferrule group, a 2-mm buccal ferrule group, a 2-mm lingual ferrule group, and a 2-mm buccal and lingual ferrule group. The fiberglass post was cemented and the composite core was built up and prepared, followed by cementation of a full composite crown. The samples were subjected to a cyclic fatigue test with loading applicator at 135°; a staircase approach was used until fracture. Survival (cycles to fracture) and failure modes were recorded. Survival data were analyzed with the log-rank test, while Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze failure mode data (α=0.05). RESULTS: The median number of cycles to fracture ranged from 215,000 to 236,153. The log-rank test showed no statistically significant difference in survival rates among the groups (p=0.82). Regarding failure mode, three types were observed: I, post and/or core fracture; II, root fracture in the cervical third; and III, root fracture in the middle third. No statistical difference was observed among the groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p=0.147). CONCLUSION: The ferrule design had no effect on fatigue resistance or failure mode of endodontically treated incisor teeth restored with a fiber post, composite core buildup, and composite crown.

Resultados preliminares en el análisis de elementos finitos de aneurismas de aorta abdominal en rango no quirúrgico / Preliminary results of finite element analysis for small abdominal aortic aneurysms

Introducción: El diagnóstico y manejo del aneurisma de aorta abdominal depende del diámetro máximo de la aorta, cuyo crecimiento es impredecible. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar los resultados de las variables biomecánicas, obtenidas mediante el análisis de elementos finitos, entre 2 grupos con aneurismas pequeños (grupo I 40-49 mm, grupo II 50-54 mm). Métodos: Realizamos un estudio prospectivo y monocéntrico con 23 pacientes con aneurisma de aorta abdominal pequeño (grupo I N = 14; grupo II N = 9), a los que se les realizó una angio-TC toracoabdominopélvica. Se midió y calculó el diámetro máximo, estrés pico de pared (PWR), riesgo de rotura pico de pared (PWRI), diámetro equivalente de riesgo de ruptura (RRED) y volumen del aneurisma y trombo mediante el análisis de elemento finitos, así como la diferencia entre el diámetro máximo y RRED (variabilidad). Resultados: Hemos observado un mayor PWS, PWRR y RRED en el grupo II respecto al grupo I. Además, 5 de los pacientes (21,74%) mostraron una variación positiva (>0,5 mm de diferencia) y 2 de ellos (8,70%) obtuvieron un PWRR>0,5 asociado a un mayor riesgo de rotura del aneurisma. Conclusión: PWS y PWRR son mayores en el grupo II, posiblemente con relación a un mayor tamaño del aneurisma. Son necesarios más estudios con mayor tamaño muestral, antes de utilizar este software para las decisiones clínicas

Introduction: The diagnosis and management of abdominal aortic aneurysms currently relies on the maximal aortic diameter, which grows in an unpredictable manner. The aim of this study was to compare the results of the biomechanical variables using finite elements analysis between the 2 groups of small aneurysms (group I 40-49 mm, group II 50-54 mm). Methods: A total of 23 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (group I N=14, group II N=9) who had undergone a thoraco-abdominal angio computed tomography in this hospital were prospectively identified. Abdominal aortic aneurysms diameter, peak wall rupture (PWR), PWR Index, Rupture Risk Equivalent Diameter (RRED) abdominal aortic aneurysms and thrombus volume were measured and calculated using finite element analysis software. The variability between maximum abdominal aortic aneurysms diameter and RRED was also determined. Results: An increased PWS, PWRR, and RRED, was observed in group II. Moreover, 5 (21.74%) patients had a positive variability (>0.5 mm), and 2 of them (8.70%) had a PWRR >0.5, which is associated with a higher aneurysm rupture risk. Conclusion: PWR and PWRR are elevated in group II, perhaps secondary to a larger abdominal aortic aneurysms diameter. Further studies are required before using this software in clinical decisions

Experiencia en nuestro centro con Nellix: EndoVascular Aneurysm Sealing (EVAS) system. Un cambio de paradigma en el tratamiento endovascular del aneurisma aórtico / Experience with Nellix: EndoVascular Aneurysm Sealing (EVAS) system. A paradigm shift in endovascular aortic aneurysm treatment

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Simultaneous determination of V, Ni and Fe in fuel fly ash using solid sampling high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

A green and simple method has been proposed in this work for the simultaneous determination of V, Ni and Fe in fuel ash samples by solid sampling high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (SS HR CS GFAAS). The application of fast programs in combination with direct solid sampling allows eliminating pretreatment steps, involving minimal manipulation of sample. Iridium treated platforms were applied throughout the present study, enabling the use of aqueous standards for calibration. Correlation coefficients for the calibration curves were typically better than 0.9931. The concentrations found in the fuel ash samples analysed ranged from 0.66% to 4.2% for V, 0.23-0.7% for Ni and 0.10-0.60% for Fe. Precision (%RSD) were 5.2%, 10.0% and 9.8% for V, Ni and Fe, respectively, obtained as the average of the %RSD of six replicates of each fuel ash sample. The optimum conditions established were applied to the determination of the target analytes in fuel ash samples. In order to test the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method in the analysis of samples, five ash samples from the combustion of fuel in power stations, were analysed. The method accuracy was evaluated by comparing the results obtained using the proposed method with the results obtained by ICP OES previous acid digestion. The results showed good agreement between them. The goal of this work has been to develop a fast and simple methodology that permits the use of aqueous standards for straightforward calibration and the simultaneous determination of V, Ni and Fe in fuel ash samples by direct SS HR CS GFAAS.

Trombosis de rama en reparación endovascular de aneurisma de aorta abdominal. A propósito de 2 casos y revisión de la literatura / Thrombosis in endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Two case reports and review of the literature

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Thermal stress exposure, bleaching response, and mortality in the threatened coral Acropora palmata.

Demographic data for Elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, and in situ water temperature data from seven upper Florida Keys (USA) reefs revealed three warm thermal stress events between 2010 and 2016. During a mild bleaching event in 2011, up to 59% of colonies bleached, but no mortality resulted. In both 2014 and 2015, severe and unprecedented bleaching was observed with up to 100% of colonies bleached. A. palmata live tissue cover declined by one-third following the 2014-2015 events. Colony mortality of mildly- and non-bleached colonies did not differ but increased significantly with more severe bleaching. Increased bleaching prevalence corresponded to maximum daily average water temperatures above 31.3°C. However, the cumulative days with daily average exceeding 31.0°C provided a better predictor of bleaching response. The bleaching response of surviving colonies in 2015 was not consistent with acclimatization as most individual colonies bleached at least as badly as in 2014.

Conversión a cirugía abierta, mediante explante endoprotésico, tras intento fallido de tratamiento endovascular, y persistencia de fuga Ia, en aneurisma de aorta abdominal roto / Open conversion with endograft explantation after failed attempt of endovascular repair and persistent type Ia endoleak in a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

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Behçet vascular: seguimiento a 3 años de paciente con presentación poli-aneurismática arterial complicada por múltiples roturas / Vascular Behcet's disease: a 3 year follow-up of a patient with multiple arterial aneurysms complicated by ruptures

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Uso de sistema de endograpado para prevención y tratamiento de fugas proximales de endoprótesis aórticas abdominales / Use of endostaples for prevention and treatment of proximal endoleaks in abdominal aortic endografting

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Caso 16. Trombo pediculado en cayado de vena safena interna / Case 16. Pedunculated thrombus in saphenofemoral junction

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Solución del caso 16. Trombo pediculado en cayado de vena safena interna / Solution to case 16. Pedunculated thrombus in saphenofemoral junction

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Tratamiento quirúrgico de aneurisma micótico con preservación de injerto renal / Surgical treatment of mycotic aneurysm with conservation of renal graft

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Clínica, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de la infección de las endoprótesis aórticas del sector torácico y abdominal / Clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of thoracic and abdominal aortic endograft infections

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las infecciones de endoprótesis aórticas son infrecuentes pero devastadoras. El tratamiento no está estandarizado, resultando una decisión compleja y en muchos casos urgente. OBJETIVOS: Describir el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la evolución de los casos de infección de endoprótesis aórtica abdominal (EVAR) y torácica (TEVAR) tratados en un único centro. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo que incluyó pacientes con infección endoprotésica tratados entre 1998 y 2015. Se recogió la indicación del implante inicial, intervenciones posteriores, tiempo hasta la infección, clínica, pruebas complementarias, tratamiento y evolución. RESULTADOS: Registramos 9 infecciones: 5 EVAR (1,2%) y 4 TEVAR (4,2%). La mediana de edad fue de 77 años (rango, 62-85). Detectamos 5 infecciones tras implantes urgentes (5 de 9) y 3 tras intervenciones secundarias (3 de 9). La mediana de tiempo hasta la infección fue de 3,5 meses (rango, 0-109,5). Realizamos 7 explantes de endoprótesis (5 EVAR y 2 TEVAR), con reparación in situ con prótesis de dacrón-plata (n=5) o bypass axilobifemoral (n=2). En 2 TEVAR el tratamiento fue conservador por elevado riesgo quirúrgico dadas sus comorbilidades. La mortalidad a 30 días fue del 44,4% (4 de 9 pacientes), todos tras tratamiento quirúrgico. La mortalidad global fue del 66,6% (6 de 9 pacientes). Solo falleció un paciente con tratamiento conservador tras 2 años de seguimiento debido a una fístula aortoesofágica. Tres pacientes están en seguimiento (2 explantes y uno conservador) tras 121, 74 y 51 meses, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: La mortalidad de los pacientes con infección endoprotésica es elevada, independientemente del tratamiento. El tratamiento conservador es una buena opción en nuestra experiencia, y la cirugía, una alternativa que debería emplearse en función de las características del paciente

INTRODUCTION: Aortic endograft infections are uncommon. However, they are usually life-threatening. Treatment is not standardised, making this disease complex, and in most cases, an urgent situation. OBJECTIVES: To describe the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of all cases diagnosed with infected aortic endograft (abdominal-EVAR, and thoracic-TEVAR) in our Hospital. METHODS: An observational and retrospective study was conducted using data collected between 1998 and 2015. A descriptive analysis is presented on the primary indication for treatment, secondary procedures, the time-lapse between the diagnosis and primary treatment, type of repair, follow-up, and mortality. RESULTS: Of the 9 patients with infected aortic endografts, 5 were with EVAR (1.2%) and 4 with TEVAR (4.2%). The median age was 77 years (range, 62-85). Five patients received a primary urgent endograft (5 of 9). Three patients had secondary procedures before the infection diagnosis (3 of 9). The median time between primary repair and diagnosis was 3.5 months (range, 0-109.5). Explantation was performed on 7 patients. Two patients received medical treatment due to their increased surgical risk. The 30 day mortality was 44.4% (4 of 9 patients), and the overall mortality was 66.6% (6 of 9 patients). One patient with medical treatment died due to an aortic-oesophageal fistula after 2 years of follow-up. Three patients are still alive (2 explantations, and 1 with medical treatment) after 121, 74, and 51 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Endograft infections mortality is high, despite the treatment used. Medical treatment is a good choice in our experience. Surgical treatment is an alternative depending on the fitness and comorbidities of the patient

Utilidad clínica del estudio de la rigidez arterial y hemodinámica central, mediante métodos no invasivos, tras reparación endovascular de aneurisma de aorta abdominal / Clinical usefulness of the study of arterial stiffness and central haemodynamics by non-invasive methods after abdominal aortic aneurysm endovascular repair

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Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado y cruzado que compara 2 tubos endotraqueales de polivinilo. ¿Son todos los tubos iguales? / A prospective, randomised, cross-over trial comparing two standard polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes. Are all the tubes the same?

Introducción. Los autores comparan de forma aleatorizada el número de intentos durante la intubación endotraqueal convencional de un maniquí utilizando 2 tubos de polivinilo (PVC) aparentemente similares pero de distinto fabricante: Intersurgical (IS; Intersurgical S.L., Madrid, España) y Mallinckrodt (ML; Mallinkrodt Medical S.A., Madrid, España). Método. Veintiséis anestesiólogos experimentados intubaron 2 veces un maniquí utilizando un tubo diferente en cada ocasión y cuyo orden fue establecido de forma aleatoria (secuencia aleatoria generada por Epidat 3.1.). El tubo fue pintado para enmascararlo y no ser reconocido por el participante. El objetivo principal del estudio era comparar el número de intentos necesarios para completar la maniobra con cada tubo. El tiempo de intubación y las intubaciones fallidas también fueron recogidos. Resultados. El número de intentos con el tubo de ML fue significativamente menor que con el tubo de IS. Con el de ML se completó la intubación al primer intento en el 93,3% de los casos, mientras que con el de IS el porcentaje se redujo al 30,8% (test exacto de Fisher, p < 0,001). El tiempo necesario para completar la maniobra fue mayor con el tubo de IS (mediana 10,8 s, rango intercuartílico 6-22) que con el tubo de ML (mediana 4,4 s, rango intercuartílico 3,5-6,3). Conclusiones. El tubo de PVC de la casa ML se mostró superior al compararlo con el de IS, asociándose este último a la necesidad de un mayor número de intentos para completar la intubación de un maniquí. Los autores han atribuido estos resultados a un defecto en la curvatura de la punta del tubo de IS (AU)

Background. A randomised study was conducted on the number of attempts made during the conventional endotracheal intubation of a mannequin using two polyvinyl (PVC) tracheal tubes, apparently similar but from different manufactures: INTERSURGICAL (IS; Intersurgical S.L., Madrid, Spain) and Mallinckrodt (ML; Mallinkrodt Medical S.A., Madrid, Spain). Methods. A total of 26 anaesthesiologists, in randomly established order (generated by Epidat 3.1) intubated a mannequin twice using a different tube each time. The tubes were masked by painting them to prevent recognition. The main outcome of the study was to compare the number of attempts needed to complete the manoeuvre for each tube. Data on intubation time and failed intubations were also collected. Results. The number of attempts with the ML tube was significantly lower than with the IS tube. Intubation was completed on the first attempt with the ML tube in 93.3% of cases, while using the IS tube the percentage fell to 30.8% (Fisher exact test, P < .001). The time required to complete the manoeuvre was greater with the IS tube (median 10.8 seconds, interquartile range 6-22) than with the ML tube (median 4.4 seconds, interquartile range 3.5 to 6.3). Conclusions. The PVC tube from the ML manufacturer was superior when compared with the IS, the latter was also associated with a larger number of attempts to complete intubation using a conventional Macintosh blade (AU)