Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Ruta chalepensis L. on experimentally induced seizures and electroencephalographic spectral power in mice.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat a wide variety of disorders such as rheumatism, fever, mental disorders, dropsy, neuralgia, menstrual problems, anxiety, and epilepsy. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate and compare the anticonvulsant properties of an aqueous extract and ethyl acetate (AcOEt) fraction of R. chalepensis on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and maximal electroshock (MES) test in mice, by analyzing behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG), as well as GABAA receptors involvement. METHODS: The effect of an acute administration of different dosage of the aqueous extract (300 or 500 mg/kg) or AcOEt fraction (100, 300, 500 or 1000 mg/kg) of R. chalepensis was explored on two different models of acute seizure induction in mice, the PTZ and maximal electroshock (MES) tests. Behavioral and electrographic effects were quantified. Additionally, the possible involvement of the GABAA receptors was explored in the presence of picrotoxin (a non-competitive antagonist of the GABAA receptor). RESULTS: AcOEt fraction of R. chalepensis was more efficient than aqueous extract to reduce the incidence of tonic-clonic seizures and mortality in a significant and dose-dependent manner in both the PTZ and MES tests. This anticonvulsant effect was not abolished in the presence of picrotoxin. The EEG spectral power analysis revealed that aqueous extract decreased alpha and beta power, while AcOEt fraction decreased alpha and gamma power confirming previous findings of its depressant effect in the central nervous system. It is important to mention that the highest dosage of the AcOEt (1000 mg/kg) produced a severe suppression or isoelectric EEG activity (EEG flattening), recognized as a comatose state, suggesting a neurotoxic effect at this dosage. CONCLUSION: Our data reinforce that depressant and anticonvulsant effects of R. chalepensis depend in part on the presence of constituents from medium polarity. We also found that anticonvulsant effect is not mediated by GABAA receptors. In addition, cautious is emphasized when high doses of this natural product are used in traditional medicine since it might produce neurotoxic effects.

Simulated mechanical properties of finite-size graphene nanoribbons.

There are many simulation studies of mechanical properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNR), but there is a lack of agreement regarding elastic and plastic behavior. In this paper we aim to analyze mechanical properties of finite-size GNR, including elastic modulus and fracture, as a function of ribbon size. We present classical molecular dynamics simulations for three different empirical potentials which are often used for graphene simulations: AIREBO, REBO-scr and REAXFF. Ribbons with and without H-passivation at the borders are considered, and the effects of strain rate and different boundaries are also explored. We focus on zig-zag GNR, but also include some armchair GNR examples. Results are strongly dependent on the empirical potential employed. Elastic modulus under uniaxial tension can depend on ribbon size, unlike predictions from continuum-scale models and from some atomistic simulations, and fracture strain and progress vary significantly amongst the simulated potentials. Because of that, we have also carried out quasi-static ab-initio simulations for a selected size, and find that the fracture process is not sudden, instead the wave function changes from Blöch states to a strong interaction between localized waves, which decreases continuously with distance. All potentials show good agreement with DFT in the linear elastic regime, but only the REBO-scr potential shows reasonable agreement with DFT both in the nonlinear elastic and fracture regimes. This would allow more reliable simulations of GNRs and GNR-based nanostructures, to help interpreting experimental results and for future technological applications.

Polycrystalline Ni nanotubes under compression: a molecular dynamics study.

Mechanical properties of nanomaterials, such as nanowires and nanotubes, are an important feature for the design of novel electromechanical nano-architectures. Since grain boundary structures and surface modifications can be used as a route to modify nanostructured materials, it is of interest to understand how they affect material strength and plasticity. We report large-scale atomistic simulations to determine the mechanical response of nickel nanowires and nanotubes subject to uniaxial compression. Our results suggest that the incorporation of nanocrystalline structure allows completely flexible deformation, in sharp contrast with single crystals. While crystalline structures at high compression are dominated by dislocation pinning and the multiplication of highly localized shear regions, in nanocrystalline systems the dislocation distribution is significantly more homogeneous. Therefore, for large compressions (large strains) coiling instead of bulging is the dominant deformation mode. Additionally, it is observed that nanotubes with only 70% of the nanowire mass but of the same diameter, exhibit similar mechanical behavior up to 0.3 strain. Our results are useful for the design of new flexible and light-weight metamaterials, when highly deformable struts are required.

Calidad de vida en pacientes con linfedema por cáncer de seno en la ciudad de Medellín / Quality of life of a group of patients with lymphedema due to breast cancer in the city of Medellin / Qualidade de vida em pacientes com linfedema por câncer de mama na cidade de Medellín

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida en un grupo de pacientes con linfedema por cáncer de seno en la ciudad de Medellín. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo correlacional, en el que se analizó la relación de la calidad de vida con la sintomatología, tratamientos médicos recibidos y perímetros del brazo en 11 mujeres con linfedema. Se valoró el dolor, perímetros de ambos brazos y se utilizó el cuestionario de calidad de vida FACT B+4. Resultados: A partir de las correlaciones de Spearman se identificó que, para la calidad de vida y los perímetros del brazo afectado, hubo una correlación inversa y no significativa, lo que indica que no existe una percepción negativa frente a la calidad de vida pese al linfedema. Hubo una correlación inversa y significativa entre el número de tratamientos y la calidad de vida (a más número de tratamientos recibidos, menor calidad de vida según la percepción de las participantes). Así mismo, la percepción de calidad de vida se correlacionó de modo inverso con el dolor. Conclusión: La calidad de vida se ve influenciada por la cantidad de tratamientos oncológicos recibidos, dichos tratamientos tienen efectos colaterales e impactan el bienestar. El dolor es una complicación que influye negativamente en la calidad de vida, más aún si se trata no se trata oportunamente.

Objective: This study intends to evaluate the quality of life of a group of patients with lymphedema due to breast cancer in the city of Medellin. Methodology: A descriptive correlational study was carried out with a quantitative approach, with the purpose of evaluating the quality of life in patients with lymphedema due to breast cancer, analyzing its relationship with symptoms; treatments received; and arm circumferences. The analyzed population consisted of 11 women. In which pain, perimeters of both arms were evaluated, and the FACT B + 4 Quality of life questionnaire was also implemented. Results: From Spearman's correlations, it was found that, for the variables of quality of life and perimeters of the affected arm, the correlation was inverse and not significant, indicating that there is no negative perception of quality of life despite the presence of lymphedema, while, for the number of treatments received by the patients and their quality of life, the correlation was inverse and significant, indicating that an increase in the number of treatments received, affects the perception of quality of life. The same analysis was developed for the variables of quality of life and pain, finding a significant and inverse correlation; therefore, as pain increases, the perception of quality of life decreases. Conclusion: The quality of life is an element that is influenced by the amount of cancer treatments received, which increases the side effects, and impacts the well-being of patients including lymphedema, also, pain is a complication that greatly influences the quality of life, even more if it is not timely treated.

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida num grupo de pacientes com linfedema por câncer de mama na cidade de Medellín. Metodologia: Se realizou um estudo quantitativo de tipo descritivo de correlação, no qual se analisou a relação da qualidade de vida com a sintomatologia, tratamentos médicos recebidos e perímetros do braço em 11 mulheres com linfedema. Se valorou a dor, perímetros de ambos braços e se utilizou o questionário de qualidade de vida FACT B+4. Resultados: A partir das correlações de Spearman se identificou que, para a qualidade de vida e os perímetros do braço afetado, houve uma correlação inversa e não significativa, o que indica que não existe uma percepção negativa frente à qualidade de vida apesar do linfedema. Houve uma correlação inversa e significativa entre o número de tratamentos e a qualidade de vida (a mais número de tratamentos recebidos, menor qualidade de vida segundo a percepção das participantes). Assim mesmo, a percepção de qualidade de vida se correlacionou de modo inverso com a dor. Conclusão: A qualidade de vida se vê influenciada pela quantidade de tratamentos oncológicos recebidos, ditos tratamentos têm efeitos colaterais e impactam no bem-estar. A dor é uma complicação que influi negativamente na qualidade de vida, mais ainda se não se trata oportunamente.

Análisis de degradación de stents metálicos en modelo de cultivo "in vitro" con células epiteliales respiratorias y fibroblastos / Degradation analysis for metal stents in an in vitro cell culture model with respiratory epithelial cells and fibroblasts

Objetivo: investigar la posible degradación de stents metálicos tras co-cultivo con células respiratorias in vitro. Método: durante 21 días se han co-cultivado con la línea CRL-4011 (epitelial) y MRC-5 (fibroblastos) tres tipos de stents: Wallstent(R) (aleación de cobalto-cromo-níquel y molibdeno), Zilver PTX(R) y Zilver Flex(R) (nitinol, aleación de níquel-titanio, con y sin liberación de paclitaxel, respectivamente). Las mismas células sin stent sirvieron como control. Los sobrenadantes de los cultivos se recogieron los días 3, 9, 15 y 21, se alicuotaron y almacenaron a -800 C. Mediante espectrometría de masas (ICP/ MS) se investigaron los niveles de titanio, cromo, níquel, cobalto y molibdeno en los sobrenadantes, y también se han analizado los niveles de esos mismos elementos en el medio de cultivo original (antes de añadirlo a los cultivos celulares). Resultados: en todos los experimentos se encontraron mayores niveles de elementos metálicos en los sobrenadantes recogidos en el tercer día de cultivo, tanto de células epiteliales como de fibroblastos, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,002). Los sobrenadantes de los cultivos de células epiteliales con Wallstent mostraron los niveles más altos de níquel y cobalto respecto a los controles (p = 0,001), y los niveles de titanio fueron más altos en los cultivos de Zilver Flex y PTX, constituidos por una aleación de níquel y titanio (p <0,001). Conclusiones: hemos detectado una rápida liberación en el sobrenadante de todos los cultivos de los elementos constitutivos de los tres stents que incluimos en los experimentos, y con niveles muy superiores a los cultivos controles

Objective: To investigate the possible degradation of metal stents after co-culture with respiratory cells in vitro. Methods: Three types of stents were co-cultured with the CRL-4011 line (epithelial) and the MRC-5 line (fibroblasts): Wallstent(R) (cobalt-chromium-nickelmolybdenum alloy), Zilver PTX(R) and Zilver Flex(R) (nitinol, nickel-titanium alloy, with and without paclitaxel release, respectively). The same stentless cells served as the control group. Culture supernatants were collected on days 3, 9, 15 and 21, aliquoted and stored at -80 ºC. The levels of titanium, chromium, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum in the supernatants were studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the levels of the same elements were also analyzed in the original culture medium (before adding them to the cell cultures). Results: In all experiments, higher levels of metal elements were found in the supernatants collected on the third day of culture, for both epithelial cells and fibroblasts, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.002). The supernatants of epithelial cell cultures with Wallstent showed the highest levels of nickel and cobalt in comparison to controls (p = 0.001), and titanium levels were higher in Zilver Flex and Zilver PTX cultures, consisting of a nickeltitanium alloy (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We have detected a rapid release in the supernatant of all the cultures of the constituent elements of the three stents that we included in the experiments, and with levels much higher than those of the control cultures

Growth of Ni nanoclusters on irradiated graphene: a molecular dynamics study.

We studied the soft landing of Ni atoms on a previously damaged graphene sheet by means of molecular dynamics simulations. We found a monotonic decrease of the cluster frequency as a function of its size, but few big clusters comprise an appreciable fraction of the total number of Ni atoms. The aggregation of Ni atoms is also modeled by means of a simple phenomenological model. The results are in clear contrast with the case of hard or energetic landing of metal atoms, where there is a tendency to form mono-disperse metal clusters. This behavior is attributed to the high diffusion of unattached Ni atoms, together with vacancies acting as capture centers. The findings of this work show that a simple study of the energetics of the system is not enough in the soft landing regime, where it is unavoidable to also consider the growth process of metal clusters.

Reconstructing anatomy from electro-physiological data.

Here we show how it is possible to make estimates of brain structure based on MEG data. We do this by reconstructing functional estimates onto distorted cortical manifolds parameterised in terms of their spherical harmonics. We demonstrate that both empirical and simulated MEG data give rise to consistent and plausible anatomical estimates. Importantly, the estimation of structure from MEG data can be quantified in terms of millimetres from the true brain structure. We show, for simulated data, that the functional assumptions which are closer to the functional ground-truth give rise to anatomical estimates that are closer to the true anatomy.

Reproducibilidad de las variables temporales y cinéticas del análisis computarizado de la marcha en sujetos normales / Reproductability of the temporal and kinetic variables of the computerized analysis of gait in normal subjects

El laboratorio de análisis de movimiento se ha convertido en el estándar para el análisis del paciente con trastornos de la marcha. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la variabilidad entre pruebas, de los parámetros temporales y cinemáticos que componen el índice de la marcha de Gillette (Gillette gait index [GGI]) y el índice de desviación de la marcha (Gait deviation index [GDI]) en pacientes normales, además de si el GDI es consistente en las diferentes mediciones para analizar la marcha en pacientes sin alteración. Materiales y métodos. Para evaluar nuestra hipótesis se tomó una muestra por conveniencia de 20 individuos sanos, a cada individuo se le realizaron dos estudios de análisis de marcha, con un intervalo de dos semanas entre cada estudio. Para evaluar la reproducibilidad de las pruebas se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). Resultados. Se encontró una buena concordancia en la mayoría de las variables utilizadas excepto en los parámetros transversos en cadera y sagitales en tobillo en donde el CCI fue de 0,49 y 0,53. Conclusión. En conclusión, encontramos que la realización del análisis de marcha mediante el laboratorio de análisis de movimiento presenta una buena reproducibilidad y concordancia entre pruebas realizadas en diferentes días en pacientes normales, lo que nos permite recomendarlo como un método confiable para evaluar de manera objetiva alteraciones de la marcha(AU)

The movement analysis laboratory has become the standard to analyze gait disorders of the patient. This study has aimed to evaluate the intra-test variability of the spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters that make up the Gillette gait endex (GGI) and the Gait deviation index (GDI) in normal patients. We have also investigated the consistency of the GDI in different measurements to analyze gait in normal patients. Materials and methods. A sample of 20 healthy subjects was used to evaluate our hypothesis. Each subject underwent two gait analysis with an interval of two weeks between each analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the reproducibility of the tests. Results. Good agreement was found in most of the variables used with the exception of the transverse parameters for the hip and sagittal parameters for the ankle in which the ICC was 0.49 and 0.53, respectively. Conclusion. In conclusion, we found that the gait analysis procedure carried out using the motion analysis laboratory has good reproducibility and agreement among tests conducted on different days in normal subjects. This allows us to recommend this procedure as a reliable method to objectively evaluate gait alterations(AU)

An analysis of spatial and socio-economic determinants of tuberculosis in Hermosillo, Mexico, 2000-2006.

SETTING: The city of Hermosillo, in Northwest Mexico, has a higher incidence of tuberculosis (TB) than the national average. However, the intra-urban TB distribution, which could limit the effectiveness of preventive strategies and control, is unknown. METHODS: Using geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis, we characterized the geographical distribution of TB by basic geostatistical area (BGA), and compared it with a social deprivation index. Univariate and bivariate techniques were used to detect risk areas. RESULTS: Globally, TB in the city of Hermosillo is not spatially auto-correlated, but local clusters with high incidence and mortality rates were identified in the northwest, central-east and southwest sections of the city. BGAs with high social deprivation had an excess risk of TB. DISCUSSION: GIS and spatial analysis are useful tools to detect high TB risk areas in the city of Hermosillo. Such areas may be vulnerable due to low socio-economic status. The study of small geographical areas in urban settings similar to Hermosillo could indicate the best course of action to be taken for TB prevention and control.

Inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and a sodium channel gene mutation in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus.

A substitution (Phe-->Ile) within the sodium channel gene sequence has been associated with pyrethroid resistance in Boophilus microplus. The aim of the present study was to analyze the inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and the mutant allele, on reciprocal crosses of a susceptible (SS) and a resistant (RR) strain. Bioassays and genotypes were determined to evaluate pyrethroid resistance. The resistance allele frequency of both parental strains were 100% and 2.27% for RR and SS, respectively. The reciprocal crosses show a predominance of the heterozygote genotype, in agreement with the significant decrease of the acaricide resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and flumethrin. However, the RS progeny showed a complete recessive survival (D (ML) = 0) for deltamethrin and flumethrin, suggesting a complete dominance of the susceptible allele and incomplete dominance for cypermethrin (D (ML) = 0.169). On the other hand, SR progeny showed a partially recessive survival for cypermethrin (D (ML) = 0.380), deltamethrin (D (ML) = 0.319), and flumethrin (D (ML) = 0.258), indicative of a partially dominant inheritance of the resistance. A possible maternal strain effect should be considered for practical purposes and prediction of acaricide resistance and further work needs to be done to elucidate the underlying inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and the sodium channel mutation in B. microplus.

Ab initio study of cubyl chains and networks.

The spatial arrangements and physical properties of one- and two-dimensional structures, based on the amazing cubane (C(8)H(8)) molecule, are investigated in detail. In particular, we compute the electronic structure, both by first principle calculations and by semiempirical methods. The elastic and vibrational properties are evaluated as well. All these results are compared with those of the single cubane molecule, in order to elucidate the influence of dimensionality.

Ephrin-A6, a new ligand for EphA receptors in the developing visual system.

In the embryonic visual system, EphA receptors are expressed on both temporal and nasal retinal ganglion cell axons. Only the temporal axons, however, are sensitive to the low concentrations of ephrin-A ligands found in the anterior optic tectum. The poor responsiveness of nasal axons to ephrin-A ligands, which allows them to traverse the anterior tectum and reach their targets in the posterior tectum, has been attributed to constitutive activation of the EphA4 receptor expressed in these axons. EphA4 is highly expressed throughout the retina, but is preferentially phosphorylated on tyrosine (activated) in nasal retina. In a screen for EphA4 ligands expressed in chicken embryonic retina, we have identified a novel ephrin, ephrin-A6. Like ephrin-A5, ephrin-A6 has high affinity for EphA4 and activates this receptor in cultured retinal cells. In the embryonic day 8 (E8) chicken visual system, ephrin-A6 is predominantly expressed in the nasal retina and ephrin-A5 in the posterior tectum. Thus, ephrin-A6 has the properties of a ligand that activates the EphA4 receptor in nasal retinal cells. Ephrin-A6 binds with high affinity to several other EphA receptors as well and causes growth cone collapse in retinal explants, demonstrating that it can elicit biological responses in retinal neurons. Ephrin-A6 expression is high at E6 and E8, when retinal axons grow to their tectal targets, and gradually declines at later developmental stages. The asymmetric distribution of ephrin-A6 in retinal cells, and the time course of its expression, suggest that this new ephrin plays a role in the establishment of visual system topography.

A novel cloning system for direct screening using a suicidal strategy.

The pAC92 plasmid is a direct screening cloning vector which allows positive selection of recombinant clones (re-clones). This new high-copy-number plasmid vector encodes ampicillin resistance and carries the Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase (alpha-Amy)-encoding gene (amy) containing a multiple cloning site. The pAC92 plasmid confers to Escherichia coli transformants an amylolytic phenotype easily detected by iodine vapor staining. The re-clones are identified by insertional inactivation of alpha-Amy activity. During pAC92 construction, a bacterial growth defect was observed in host cells after some modifications of the promoter region that caused the increase in the amy expression. This suicide characteristic permitted the positive selection of re-clones. A second transformation step was performed to enhance the rate of re-clones per plate.

Current sonographic applications in orthopedics.

Until recently, few orthopedic indications for sonographic imaging have been widely accepted. Advances in technology and concerns about imaging costs are expanding the role of sonography in musculoskeletal conditions. In this pictorial essay we review normal musculoskeletal sonographic anatomy, selected current applications, and potential pitfalls.

Compound A concentrations during sevoflurane anesthesia in children.

BACKGROUND: Sevoflurane is a new inhalation agent that should be useful for pediatric anesthesia. Sevoflurane undergoes degradation in the presence of carbon dioxide absorbents; however, quantification of the major degradation product (compound A) has not been evaluated during pediatric anesthesia. This study evaluates sevoflurane degradation compound concentrations during sevoflurane anesthesia using a 2-1 fresh gas flow and a circle system with carbon dioxide absorber in children with normal renal and hepatic function. METHODS: The concentrations of compound A were evaluated during sevoflurane anesthesia in children using fresh soda lime as the carbon dioxide absorbent. Nineteen patients aged 3 months-7 yr were anesthetized with sevoflurane (2.8% mean end-tidal concentration) using a total fresh gas flow of 21 in a circle absorption system. Inspiratory and expiratory limb circuit gas samples were obtained at hourly intervals, and the samples were analyzed using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detection technique. Carbon dioxide absorbent temperatures were measured in the soda lime during anesthesia for hepatic and renal function studies. Venous blood samples were obtained before anesthesia, at the end of anesthesia, and 2h after anesthesia for plasma inorganic fluoride ion concentration. RESULTS: The maximum inspiratory concentration of compound A was 5.4 +/- 4.4 ppm (mean +/- SD), and the corresponding expiratory concentration was 3.7 +/- 2.7 ppm (mean +/- SD). The maximum inspiratory compound A concentration in any patient was 15 ppm. Mean concentrations of compound A peaked at intubation and remained stable, declining slightly after 120 min of anesthesia. The duration of anesthesia was 240 +/- 139 min (mean +/-SD). Maximum soda lime temperature ranged between 23.1 degrees C and 40.9 degrees C. There was a positive correlation between maximum absorbent temperature and maximum compound A concentration (r2 = 0.58), as well as between the child's body surface area and maximum compound A concentration (r2 = 0.59). Peak plasma inorganic fluoride ion concentration was 21.5 +/- 6.1 microgmol/1. There were no clinically significant changes in hepatic or renal function studies performed 24 h postanesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane anesthesia of 4 h in normal children using a 2-1 flow circle system produced concentrations of compound A of 15 ppm or less. There was no evidence of abnormality of renal or hepatic function up to 24 h after anesthesia; however, larger studies will be required to confirm the absence of organ toxicity.

Purification and characterization of a truncated Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase produced by Escherichia coli.

A Bacillus subtilis amylase gene was inserted into a plasmid which was transferred to Escherichia coli. During cloning, a 3' region encoding 171 carboxy-terminal amino acids was replaced by a nucleotide sequence that encoded 33 amino acid residues not present in the indigenous protein. The transformed cells produced substantial amylolytic activity. The active protein was purified to apparent homogeneity. Its molecular mass (48 kDa), as estimated in sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was lower than the molecular mass values calculated from the derived amino acid sequences of the B. subtilis complete alpha-amylase (57.7 kDa) and the truncated protein (54.1 kDa). This truncated enzyme form hydrolysed starch with a Km of 3.845 mg/ml. Activity was optimal at pH 6.5 and 50 degrees C, and the purified enzyme was stable at temperatures up to 50 degrees C. While Hg2+, Fe3+ and Al+3 were effective in inhibiting the truncated enzyme, Mn2+ and Co2+ considerably enhanced the activity.

One-stage correction of the spastic dislocated hip. Use of pericapsular acetabuloplasty to improve coverage.

We performed a combined one-stage approach for the treatment of eighteen spastic subluxated or dislocated hips in eleven children who had cerebral palsy. All patients were between five and thirteen years old and had spastic subluxation or dislocation of the hip and severe acetabular dysplasia. The operation consisted of release of the adductors, psoas, and proximal hamstrings; a femoral-shortening varusderotation osteotomy; and a pericapsular pelvic osteotomy. The pelvic osteotomy was designed to increase superolateral coverage of the femoral head in the elongated acetabulum, which had erosion of the superior and lateral aspects. At the latest follow-up (mean duration, six years and ten months), seventeen of the eighteen hips remained anatomically reduced.

[Non tumor intracranial expansive processes: clinico-topographical correlation]. / Procesos expansivos intracraneanos no tumorales. Correlato clínico-tomográfico.

Presentation of clinical-tomographic correlation in 111 cases of non tumoral intracranial expansive processes seen between 1984-1988 in the Hospital Cayetano Heredia (Lima, Peru). Emphasis is given fundamentally to: (1) the importance of establishing the organicity of partial and late epilepsy; (2) the high incidence rate of inflammatory infectious processes with CNS compromise in underdeveloping countries; (3) the necessity of making public the importance of two parasitic diseases in the differential diagnosis of non tumoral intracranial expansive processes: free living amebiasis, and toxoplasmosis (especially in association with AIDS).