Ocular alterations, molecular findings, and three novel pathological mutations in a series of NF2 patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate ophthalmological and molecular findings in eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). New pathological mutations are described and variability in the ophthalmic phenotype and NF2 allelic heterogeneity are discussed. METHODS: Eye examination was performed in eight NF2 patients, and it included the measurement of the visual acuity, biomicroscopy, dilated fundus examination, color fundus photography, infrared photography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Molecular analysis was performed with whole-exome sequencing using DNA derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from each individual. RESULTS: Ophthalmological features were present in all patients, ranging from subtle retinal alterations identified only using SD-OCT to severe ocular damage present at birth. Six mutations were observed: two patients with stop codon mutation as shown on table 1 and result section, three patients with frameshift mutation as shown on table 1 and result section. Three novel mutations were found among them. CONCLUSIONS: It is a descriptive study of a rare disease, with poor previous literature. Clinical and genetic data are shown, reviving the need to further studies to clarify the genotype-phenotype correlations in NF2.

Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Neurofibromatosis Type 2.

PURPOSE: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal-dominant disease, characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas, multiple central nervous system (CNS) tumors, skin tumors, and juvenile cataract. The present study assessed retinal abnormalities using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a case series of NF2 patients. METHODS: Nine NF2 patients from the neurofibromatosis outpatient reference center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, in Brazil, were submitted to a complete anamnesis and a detailed ophthalmic evaluation, including SD-OCT, to detect retinal lesions. RESULTS: Of the nine NF2 patients evaluated, five had an early onset (<20 years) of NF2, and four patients had a late onset (>20 years) of symptoms. SD-OCT scans revealed retinal abnormalities in every patient with early onset (EOS) and in two patients with late onset (LOS) of the disease. In the EOS group, SD-OCT scans revealed flame-shaped epiretinal membranes (ERM) with peculiar characteristics in four eyes of three patients. Two patients had fine undulations of the inner retinal surface with a subtle ERM. Retinal hamartomas were present in four eyes of three patients with EOS; in two eyes, they were subclinical and were detected only by SD-OCT scans. In two patients with LOS and one patient with EOS, SD-OCT scans revealed retinal tufts of a nerve fiber layer. CONCLUSIONS: SD-OCT revealed ERM in most patients with NF2, therefore it may be a valuable exam for evaluating NF2 patients. Epiretinal membranes in NF2 has unique features, distinguishing it from idiopathic ERM or membranes associated with other diseases. We suggest that flame-shaped ERM seems to be specific for NF2 and that ERM can be considered as an important diagnostic sign of NF2.

Neurofibromatosis: part 2 – clinical management / Neurofibromatoses: parte 2 – manejo clínico

Part 1 of this guideline addressed the differential diagnosis of the neurofibromatoses (NF): neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis (SCH). NF shares some features such as the genetic origin of the neural tumors and cutaneous manifestations, and affects nearly 80 thousand Brazilians. Increasing scientific knowledge on NF has allowed better clinical management and reduced rate of complications and morbidity, resulting in higher quality of life for NF patients. Most medical doctors are able to perform NF diagnosis, but the wide range of clinical manifestations and the inability to predict the onset or severity of new features, consequences, or complications make NF management a real clinical challenge, requiring the support of different specialists for proper treatment and genetic counseling, especially in NF2 and SCH. The present text suggests guidelines for the clinical management of NF, with emphasis on NF1.

A primeira parte desta diretriz abordou o diagnóstico diferencial das neurofibromatoses (NF): neurofibromatose do tipo 1 (NF1), neurofibromatose do tipo 2 (NF2) e schwannomatose (SCH). As NF compartilham algumas características, como a origem neural dos tumores e sinais cutâneos, e afetam cerca de 80 mil brasileiros. O aumento do conhecimento científico sobre as NF tem permitido melhor manejo clínico e redução da morbidade das complicações, resultando em melhor qualidade de vida para os pacientes com NF. A maioria dos médicos é capaz de realizar o diagnóstico das NF, mas a variedade de manifestações clínicas e a dificuldade de se prever o surgimento e a gravidade de complicações, torna o manejo da NF um desafio para o clínico e envolve diferentes especialistas para o tratamento adequado e aconselhamento genético, especialmente a NF2 e a SCH. O presente texto sugere algumas orientações para o acompanhamento dos portadores de NF, com ênfase na NF1.

Coocorrência de síndrome de Treacher-Collins e de síndrome de Down: relato de caso e conduta / Co-occurrence of Treacher-Collins syndrome and Down syndrome: case report and conduct

A síndrome de Treacher-Collins é uma malformação hereditária rara do primeiro e segundo arcos branquiais, enquanto a síndrome de Down ou trissomia do cromossomo 21 é a mais frequente alteração cromossômica humana. Este estudo descreve a coocorrência dessas síndromes, constituindo-se no segundo relato até agora descrito na literatura. Evidencia também que o seu diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequadodas malformações craniofaciais são fundamentais para prevenir a ambliopia e melhorar a qualidade de vida.

Treacher-Collins syndrome is a rare, inherited malformation of the first and second brancheal arches and Down syndrome or trisomy 21 is the most common human chromosomal alteration. This study describes the co-occurrence of these two syndromes, and is the second report so far ever to do so in the literature. It also shows that early diagnosis and proper treatment of craniofacial malformations are essential to prevent amblyopia and to improve quality of life.

[Orbito-palpebral reaction after subtenonian injection of triamcinolone: case report]. / Reação orbitopalpebral em resposta a injeção subtenoniana profunda de triancinolona: relato de caso.

A case of a local reaction related to a subtenonian deep injection of triamcinolone is reported. The patient was a 6 year old child, with intermediate uveitis. Intense edema and erythema of the eyelids appeared approximately 30 minutes after the injection. Complete resolution occurred among 24 to 48 hours after the injection.

Reação orbitopalpebral em resposta a injeção subtenoniana profunda de triancinolona: relato de caso / Orbito-palpebral reaction after subtenonian injection of triamcinolone: case report

Relata-se o caso de reação local após injeção subtenoniana profunda de1 ml de suspensão contendo 40 mg de triancinolona, realizada em uma criança de seis anos de idade, portadora de uveíte intermediária. Observou-se edema e eritema das pálpebras superior e inferior, aproximadamente 30 minutos após a injeção. Houve recuperação completa, sem complicações, ao longo das 24 a 48 horas seguintes.

A case of a local reaction related to a subtenonian deep injection of triamcinolone is reported. The patient was a 6 year old child, with intermediate uveitis. Intense edema and erythema of the eyelids appeared approximately 30 minutes after the injection. Complete resolution occurred among 24 to 48 hours after the injection.