Recent advances in chemical fluorescent probes sensitive to tumor microenvironments / 药学学报

Cancer seriously threatens human life and health, it is urgent for the development of rapid detection, precise localization and effective treatment of tumors. Chemical fluorescent probes that are sensitive to tumor-specific microenvironments have important significance in tumor theranostics and a variety of such probes have been developed. In this review, we classified chemical fluorescent probes that are sensitive to tumor microenvironments according to biological characteristics and microenvironmental changes while combining spectroscopy or response mechanisms, and systematically introduced the research progress of chemical fluorescent probes with sensitivity to hypoxia, low polarity, high viscosity, abnormal pH values and abundant reactive oxygen species in tumor microenvironments, in order to provide references for the development and applications of these probes.

Effects of high-protein enteral nutritional preparation on blood glucose levels in acute stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of diabetic enteral nutrition preparation with whey protein addition on blood glucose levels in acute stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A total of fifty-six acute stroke patients with T2DM were enrolled in this study from January 2020 to May 2021. These patients were randomly divided into the experimental group or the control group. Enteral nutrition were initiated within 24~48 hours after admission. Both groups were given diabetic enteral nutritional preparation while whey protein power was added at 15 g per 500 ml nutrient solution only in the experimental group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (2h-PBG), serum albumin, lymphocyte counts, insulin dose, hypoglycemia incidence and the maximal fluctuation of blood glucose were compared between groups before and after intervention.Results:Compared with the control group, 2h-PBG [9.85 (5.9) mmol/L vs 12.95 (2.2) mmol/L, P=0.049] on Day 7 , FPG [(9.71±1.94) mmol/L vs (11.01±2.19) mmol/L, P=0.029] and 2h-PBG [(10.75±2.16) mmol/L vs (12.23±2.21) mmol/L, P=0.019] on Day 15 in experimental group were significantly decreased. The levels of serum albumin [(34.93±4.37) g/L vs (30.11±5.97) g/L, P=0.002] and lymphocyte counts [(1.12±0.50)×10 9 /L vs (0.86±0.29)×10 9 /L, P=0.025] in experimental group were increased significantly. While Insulin usage [2.5 (6) d vs 9 (11) d, P<0.001] and dose [0.06 (0.17) U/(kg·d) vs 0.19 (0.17) U/(kg·d), P=0.002] as well as maximal fluctuation of blood glucose [6.0 (2.1) mmol/L vs 8.4 (6.6) mmol/L, P=0.003] were significantly lower. Conclusion:Increasing the proportion of protein in diabetic enteral nutrition can improve serum albumin level and is beneficial to blood glucose control in acute stroke patients with T2DM, but the underlying mechanisms and effects on long-term prognosis need further exploration.

Flavonoids with PTP1B inhibition from Broussonetia papyrifera / 中国中药杂志

Eleven flavonoids were isolated from the twigs of Broussonetia papyrifera by column chromatography over silica gel,ODS,MCI gel,and Sephadex LH-20,as well as RP-HPLC.Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods including NMR,MS,UV,and IR as broupapyrin A(1),5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-8-geranylflavone(2),8-prenylquercetin-3-methyl ether(3),broussonol D(4),broussoflavonol B(5),uralenol(6),broussonol E(7),8-(1,1-dimethylallyl)-5'-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflanvonol(8),broussoflavonol E(9),4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone(10),and butein(11).Compound 1 is a new isoprenylated flavonol.Compounds 3,6,10,and 11 were obtained from the genus Broussonetia for the first time,and 4 and 7 were firstly discovered in B.papyrifera.Compounds 1-5 and 7-9 showed significant inhibitory effects on PTP1 B with IC50 values ranging from(0.83±0.30) to(4.66±0.83) μmol·L-1.

Exploration of the interconnection working mechanism for secondary management organization of the interns in medical universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

As the medical college students are scattered to each practice hospital, the status of the secondary clinical medical colleges' education management to interns is weakened, and the problems and contradictions are becoming increasingly prominent. In the process of internship education management, through the establishment of the secondary medical colleges' interconnection management working mecha-nism, we can effectively solve the outstanding problems in the current internship edu-cation management, to achieve mutual trust between the secondary clinical medical college and the training hospital, and en-hance the effectiveness of the management of interns.

HPLC simultaneously determines multiple hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive components in Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To develop a new method for the simultaneous determination of two hydrophilic components and two lipophilic components of Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae. Methods: The HPLC-DAD method was employed using a column of Agilent Zorbax TC C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol -2% acetic acid. The gradient elution program was as follow:0-15 min, 30% B-40% B; 15-20 min, 40% B-60% B; 20-25 min, 60% B-90% B; 25-40 min, 90% B. The detection wavelength was set at 281 nm and the temperature was 35°C. Results: The linearity was obtained over 3.76-120.20 μg · ml-1 (r=0.999 9) for rosmarinic acid, 34.20-109 4.5 μg · ml-1 (r=0.999 9) for salviamolic acid B, 0.64-20.32 μg · ml-1 (r=0.999 9) for clyptotanshinon, and 1.02-32.72 μg · ml-1 (r=0.999 6) for tanshinone II A. The RSDs of precision and stability of the sample were both less than 1% in 48 hours. The average recovery was between 99.72%-100.63%. Conclusion: The present method is simple and has satisfactory efficacy; it can simultaneously determine multiple hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive components in Salvia miltiorrhiza from different areas.

Determination of three constituents in Radix Astragali by HPLC-MS / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To determine calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, astragaloside IV and formononetin in Radix Astragali and other relative samples by HPLC-MS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HPLC was carried out with Agilent 1100LC/MSD, equipped with Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) and mass spectrum detector. The mobile phase (CH3CN-H2O) was eluted in gradient mode.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The calibration curves of calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, astragaloside IV and formononetin were linear in the range of 0.03 - 1.21 microg x mL(-1), 0.35 - 13.86 microg x mL(-1) and 0.38 - 15.22 microg x mL(-1), respectively. These recoveries of samples were from 95% to 105% with RSD less than 1.5%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method was employed to analyse 25 samples of Radix Astragali and other relative samples, including Radix Astragali slice, Radix Astragali Preparata, Hedysarum polybotrys Hand. -Mazz, Astragalus ernestii Comb. The contents of three constituents vary greatly because of the species, place of collection and season of harvesting. This method could apply to evaluate the quality of Radix Astragali and it is simple, sensitive and reliable.</p>

In vitro study on the genotoxicity of dichloromethane extracts of valerian (DEV) in human endothelial ECV304 cells and the effect of vitamins E and C in attenuating the DEV-induced DNA damages.

To study the genotoxicity of valepotriates in vitro, the degree of DNA damage in human endothelial cell line ECV304 treated with 5-60 microg/mL of dichloromethane extracts of valerian (DEV) was analyzed by the Comet assay. No DNA damage was observed in ECV304 cells after culture for 48 h in the presence of 5,10, and 20 microg/mL of DEV. But a moderate degree of DNA damage was observed in the cells treated with 40 or 60 microg/mL of DEV. Quantitative analyses of DNA damage in the presence of antioxidants vitamin E (VE) and vitamin C (VC) were also carried out. The study revealed that both VE and VC exhibited a biphasic effect, reducing DEV-induced DNA damages at low concentrations but increasing them at high concentrations. We concluded that (1). the observed DNA damage in ECV304 cells induced by high concentrations of DEV was mainly through epigenetic mechanisms, i.e., reactive oxygen species mediated oxidative DNA damage (2). at the low doses, DEV did not appear to have any significant genotoxicity in ECV304 cells, and (3). VE and VC, at proper concentrations, can reduce or eliminate the adverse effects derived from high doses of DEV. This study should serve as scientific guidance for clinical therapy of valerian preparation.

Chemical constituents in the roots of Salvia przewalskii Maxim / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the chemical composition of the root of Salvia przewalskii Maxim.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis (EI-MS, FAB-MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY, HMBC, NOESY) and phytochemical properties.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight compounds were isolated and identified as: tanshinone II-A (I), crypotanshinone (II), przewaquinone A (III), sugiol (IV), ursolic acid (V), 2 alpha, 3 alpha-dihydroxy urs-12-ene-28-acid (VI), oleanolic acid (VII), and neo-przewaquinone A (VIII).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound VIII is a new compound, and compound II, IV, V, VI and VII are isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>