Pix2HDR - A pixel-wise acquisition and deep learning-based synthesis approach for high-speed HDR videos.

Accurately capturing dynamic scenes with wideranging motion and light intensity is crucial for many vision applications. However, acquiring high-speed high dynamic range (HDR) video is challenging because the camera's frame rate restricts its dynamic range. Existing methods sacrifice speed to acquire multi-exposure frames. Yet, misaligned motion in these frames can still pose complications for HDR fusion algorithms, resulting in artifacts. Instead of frame-based exposures, we sample the videos using individual pixels at varying exposures and phase offsets. Implemented on a monochrome pixel-wise programmable image sensor, our sampling pattern captures fast motion at a high dynamic range. We then transform pixel-wise outputs into an HDR video using end-to-end learned weights from deep neural networks, achieving high spatiotemporal resolution with minimized motion blurring. We demonstrate aliasing-free HDR video acquisition at 1000 FPS, resolving fast motion under low-light conditions and against bright backgrounds - both challenging conditions for conventional cameras. By combining the versatility of pixel-wise sampling patterns with the strength of deep neural networks at decoding complex scenes, our method greatly enhances the vision system's adaptability and performance in dynamic conditions.

Low NDRG2, regulated by the MYC/MIZ-1 complex and methylation, predicts poor outcomes in DLBCL patients.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the most common tumor in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor highly expressed in healthy tissues but downregulated in many cancers. Although cell proliferation-related metabolism rewiring has been well characterized, less is known about the mechanism of metabolic changes with DLBCL. Herein, we investigated the expressions of NDRG2, MYC and Myc-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (MIZ-1) in seven human lymphoma (mostly DLBCLs) cell lines. NDRG2 expression was inversely correlated with the expressions of MYC and MIZ-1. Further, we explored the regulatory mechanism and biological functions underlying the lymphomagenesis involving NDRG2, MYC and MIZ-1. MYC and MIZ-1 promoted DLBCL cell proliferation, while NDRG2 induced apoptosis in LY8 cells. Moreover, NDRG2 methylation was reversed by the 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CDR) treatment, triggering the downregulation of MYC and inhibiting DLBCL cell survival. MYC interacts with NDRG2 to regulate energy metabolism associated with mTOR. Remarkably, supporting the biological significance, the converse correlation between NDRG2 and MYC was observed in human DLBCL tumor tissues (R = -0.557). Bioinformatics analysis further validated the association among NDRG2, MYC, MIZ-1, mTOR, and related metabolism genes. Additionally, NDRG2 (P = 0.001) and MYC (P < 0.001) were identified as promising prognostic biomarkers in DLBCL patients through survival analysis. Together, our data demonstrate that the MYC/MIZ-1 complex interplays with NDRG2 to influence the proliferation and apoptosis of DLBCL cells and show the characterizations of NDRG2, MYC and MIZ-1 for metabolism features and prediction prognosis in DLBCL.

Standard-definition White-light, High-definition White-light versus Narrow-band Imaging Endoscopy for Detecting Colorectal Adenomas: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the performance of standard-definition white-light endoscopy (SD-WL), high-definition white-light endoscopy (HD-WL), and high-definition narrow-band imaging (HD-NBI) in detecting colorectal lesions in the Chinese population. METHODS: This was a multicenter, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial with a non-inferiority design. Patients undergoing endoscopy for physical examination, screening, and surveillance were enrolled from July 2017 to December 2020. The primary outcome measure was the adenoma detection rate (ADR), defined as the proportion of patients with at least one adenoma detected. The associated factors for detecting adenomas were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Out of 653 eligible patients enrolled, data from 596 patients were analyzed. The ADRs were 34.5% in the SD-WL group, 33.5% in the HD-WL group, and 37.5% in the HD-NBI group (P=0.72). The advanced neoplasm detection rates (ANDRs) in the three arms were 17.1%, 15.5%, and 10.4% (P=0.17). No significant differences were found between the SD group and HD group regarding ADR or ANDR (ADR: 34.5% vs. 35.6%, P=0.79; ANDR: 17.1% vs. 13.0%, P=0.16, respectively). Similar results were observed between the HD-WL group and HD-NBI group (ADR: 33.5% vs. 37.7%, P=0.45; ANDR: 15.5% vs. 10.4%, P=0.18, respectively). In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, neither HD-WL nor HD-NBI led to a significant difference in overall adenoma detection compared to SD-WL (HD-WL: OR 0.91, P=0.69; HD-NBI: OR 1.15, P=0.80). CONCLUSION: HD-NBI and HD-WL are comparable to SD-WL for overall adenoma detection among Chinese outpatients. It can be concluded that HD-NBI or HD-WL is not superior to SD-WL, but more effective instruction may be needed to guide the selection of different endoscopic methods in the future. Our study's conclusions may aid in the efficient allocation and utilization of limited colonoscopy resources, especially advanced imaging technologies.

Differential Game-Based Control for Nonlinear Human-Robot Interaction System With Unknown Desired Trajectory.

Differential game is an effective technique to describe the negotiation between the humans and robots, which is widely used to realize the trajectory tracking tasks in the human-robot interaction (HRI). However, most existing works consider the control-affine HRI systems and assume the desired trajectory is available to both the human and the robot, which limit the scope of applications. To overcome these difficulties, this work focuses on the nonaffine HRI system and supposes that the desired trajectory is not available to the robot. A novel differential game framework encoding the desired trajectory estimator is proposed, where the desired trajectory is estimated via the Gaussian process regression (GPR) technique. To address the challenge arising from the nonlinearity of the HRI system, we equivalently transform the original problem into the one in a differentially flat space, and seek the equilibrium strategies for the transformed problem substitutionally. We further prove that the trajectory tracking error satisfies a probabilistic bound, whose confidence interval tightens as the decrease of noise variance during the interaction. Comparative simulation results show that our method outperforms the learning-based method in terms of robustness, parameters setting, and time consumption. Experiment results further show that the tracking error under the proposed human-robot cooperative algorithm is reduced by 55% compared to the human direct control.

Nonpronuclear- and monopronuclear-derived blastocysts do not impair subsequent perinatal and maternal outcomes.

CONTEXT: The routine clinical practice is to prioritize the transfer of blastocysts derived from 2PN embryos if they are available. For women who only have blastocysts resulting from 0PN and 1PN embryos, whether to transfer these embryos or discard them has been an ongoing debate over the years. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perinatal and obstetric outcomes following the transfer of vitrified-warmed single blastocysts derived from 0PN and 1PN zygotes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University-affiliated IVF center. PATIENT(S): This study included singletons born to women who had undergone 0PN and 1PN vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfers, compared to those resulting from 2PN vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfers from 2012 to 2020. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Perinatal and obstetric outcomes. RESULT(S): A total of 7,284 women were included in the final analysis. Of these, 386, 316, and 6582 cycles resulted from 0PN-, 1PN-, and 2PN-derived blastocysts transfer, respectively. The rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth were similar across the study cohorts in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. When comparing the 0PN and 2PN groups, no differences were found in birth outcomes after adjusting for confounders. Similarly, maternal complications and mode of delivery were comparable between these two study cohorts. Birth parameters were also similar between the 1PN and 2PN blastocyst groups, except for more male births in the 1PN cohort. Furthermore, a comparison between the 1PN and 2PN groups did not reveal any significant differences in maternal outcomes. CONCLUSION: The current study showed that the transfer of 0PN and 1PN blastocysts did not compromise reproductive outcomes or increase maternal and perinatal complications. This information is valuable for clinicians to counsel couples effectively and guide them in making informed decisions.

Study on Reservoir Characteristics and 3D Spatial Carving of Fault Solution Reservoirs Based on Geophysical Methods.

At present, research studies on the description of fracture characterization elements in fault solution reservoirs are relatively limited, and further research is needed on contour recognition and characterization methods. In this paper, first, the regional fault system is investigated and the faults are finely identified and characterized. Second, the volume of contour-sensitive attributes of the fault solver is optimized using tensor attributes, amplitude variation, discontinuity detection, and other attributes. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of the fault solution reservoir is carried out by combining the dynamic production characteristics. Results show that (a) the interior details of fractured reservoirs can be mainly divided into two categories: cave-type reservoirs and fracture-pore-type reservoirs. (b) Fractured and porous reservoirs mainly utilize discontinuous properties and combine well data to calibrate and determine threshold values, ultimately achieving the characterization of interior details of fractured solution bodies. (c) After anisotropic diffusion filtering and fault enhancement, the seismic data was subjected to amplitude gradient disorder detection attribute calculation for multiscale fractures.

Factors influencing the outcomes of dermatoses during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a retrospective study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic subverted people's lives and potentially affected the management and prognosis of pre-existing dermatoses. The study aims to identify factors influencing the outcomes of dermatoses during a rapid and widespread Omicron outbreak in China following the adjustment of the COVID-19 policy. Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study involved outpatients visiting the dermatology department at a tertiary referral hospital in Beijing, China between December 2022 and February 2023. Demographics, COVID-19 characteristics, treatment modalities, and dermatosis outcomes were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for vitiligo aggravation during COVID-19 was 0.497 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.254-0.973, p = 0.038] compared to total patients with various dermatoses. Psoriasis patients with a maximum body temperature (Tmax) over 38.6°C during COVID-19 were 2.833 times more likely to experience dermatosis aggravation (OR: 2.833 [1.029-7.803], p = 0.041). Moreover, autoimmune bullous disease (AIBD) patients receiving biologics treatment exhibited a reduced likelihood of aggravation during the COVID-19 outbreak (OR: 0 [0-0.531], p = 0.011). Conclusion: Vitiligo exhibits lower aggravation rates during COVID-19 than other dermatoses. A higher body temperature during COVID-19 infection can increase the risk of psoriasis aggravation. Biologics treatment reduces the risk of AIBD aggravation during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The CsDof1.8-CsLIPOXYGENASE09 module regulates C9 aroma production in cucumber.

Nine-carbon aldehydes and their relative alcohols (C9 aromas) are the main aroma compounds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruits and provide a unique cucumber-like note. However, the key regulators of C9 aroma accumulation in cucumber fruit are poorly characterized. Based on C9 aroma dynamic analysis and transcriptome analysis during fruit development of two different cucumber inbred lines, Q16 and Q24, Lipoxygenase09 (CsLOX09) was identified as a candidate gene for C9 aroma accumulation. Additionally, Q24 with higher CsLOX09 expression accumulated more C9 aromas than Q16. To verify the function of CsLOX09, Cslox09 homozygote knockout lines were created. C9 aroma content decreased by 80.79%-99.16% in these mutants compared to the wild type. To further explore the reasons for the difference in CsLOX09 expression between Q16 and Q24 fruits, a co-expression network was constructed by integrating the C9 aroma-associated metabolism and transcriptomic data. Eighteen candidate transcription factors were highly correlated with the expression of CsLOX09. DNA binding with One Finger 1.8 (CsDof1.8) was confirmed to bind directly to the A/TAAAG motif of the CsLOX09 promoter through dual-luciferase, yeast one-hybrid, chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Furthermore, C9 aroma content and CsLOX09 expression were significantly increased in the CsDof1.8 overexpression lines. Overall, these data elucidate the metabolic regulation of C9 aromas in cucumber and provide a foundation for facilitating the regulation of flavor in cucumber breeding.

Neuroimaging epicenters as potential sites of onset of the neuroanatomical pathology in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia lacks a clear definition at the neuroanatomical level, capturing the sites of origin and progress of this disorder. Using a network-theory approach called epicenter mapping on cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging from 1124 individuals with schizophrenia, we identified the most likely "source of origin" of the structural pathology. Our results suggest that the Broca's area and adjacent frontoinsular cortex may be the epicenters of neuroanatomical pathophysiology in schizophrenia. These epicenters can predict an individual's response to treatment for psychosis. In addition, cross-diagnostic similarities based on epicenter mapping over of 4000 individuals diagnosed with neurological, neurodevelopmental, or psychiatric disorders appear to be limited. When present, these similarities are restricted to bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We provide a comprehensive framework linking schizophrenia-specific epicenters to multiple levels of neurobiology, including cognitive processes, neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, and human brain gene expression. Epicenter mapping may be a reliable tool for identifying the potential onset sites of neural pathophysiology in schizophrenia.

Fabrication and performance evaluation of a design for an extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens based on an improved sinusoidal profile.

This study presents the fabrication and evaluation of a sinusoidal extended depth-of-focus (EDoF) intraocular lens (IOL) based on our previously proposed design approach. The power, through-focus MTF, and surface profile were measured using commercial instruments. Through-focus images of a United States Air Force (USAF) 1951 resolution target formed by the fabricated IOL were compared with Symfony and AR40E under monochromatic and polychromatic light using optical bench testing. Simulations assessed visual acuity (VA) of a pseudophakic model eye with the EDoF IOL, including evaluation of tilt and decentration effects. Results indicate that the base power, add power, and the through-focus MTF@50 lp/mm of the fabricated IOL at a 3 mm pupil size align with the design specifications. The extended-depth-of-focus and imaging performance for the far vision of the fabricated IOL under both monochromatic and polychromatic light conditions at a 3.0 mm pupil diameter is comparable to that of Symfony. In addition, the fabricated IOL exhibits a similar extended-depth-of-focus for three discrete wavelengths. The pseudophakic model eye with the designed EDoF IOL demonstrates a VA exceeding 0.1 logMAR within a defocus range of 2.44 D. The VA is tolerant to both IOL tilt and decentration. These findings demonstrate the promising potential of the sinusoidal EDoF IOL design for future applications in cataract surgery.

Microglial apolipoprotein E particles contribute to neuronal senescence and synaptotoxicity.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia exhibit a substantial upregulation of apoE in AD-associated circumstances, despite astrocytes being the primary source of apoE expression and secretion in the brain. Although the role of astrocytic apoE in the brain has been extensively investigated, it remains unclear that whether and how apoE particles generated from astrocytes and microglia differ in biological characteristic and function. Here, we demonstrate the differences in size between apoE particles generated from microglia and astrocytes. Microglial apoE particles impair neurite growth and synapses, and promote neuronal senescence, whereas depletion of GPNMB (glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B) in microglial apoE particles mitigated these deleterious effects. In addition, human APOE4-expressing microglia are more neurotoxic than APOE3-bearing microglia. For the first time, these results offer concrete evidence that apoE particles produced by microglia are involved in neuronal senescence and toxicity.

Structural basis for odorant recognition of the insect odorant receptor OR-Orco heterocomplex.

Insects detect and discriminate a diverse array of chemicals using odorant receptors (ORs), which are ligand-gated ion channels comprising a divergent odorant-sensing OR and a conserved odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco). Here, we report structures of the ApOR5-Orco heterocomplex from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum alone and bound to its known activating ligand geranyl acetate. In these structures, three ApOrco subunits serve as scaffold components that cannot bind the ligand and remain relatively unchanged. Upon ligand binding, the pore-forming helix S7b of ApOR5 shifts outward from the central pore axis, causing an asymmetrical pore opening for ion influx. Our study provides insights into odorant recognition and channel gating of the OR-Orco heterocomplex and offers structural resources to support development of innovative insecticides and repellents for pest control.

Non-small cell lung cancer and metabolism research from 2013 to 2023: a visual analysis and bibliometric study.

Background: As one of the most prevalent primary lung tumors, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has garnered considerable research interest due to its high metastasis rates and poor prognosis outcomes. Across different cancer types, metabolic processes are required for tumors progression and growth, thus interfering with such processes in NSCLC may therapeutically viable for limiting/halting disease progression. Therefore, comprehending how metabolic processes contribute to growth and survival mechanisms in cancers, including NSCLC, may elucidate key functions underpinning tumor cell metabolism. However, no bibliometric analyses have been published in this field, therefore we address this knowledge gap here. Methods: Between 2013 and 2023 (December 28th), articles related to the NSCLC and metabolism (NSCLC-Met) field were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). To fully dissect NSCLC-Met research directions and articles, we used the Bibliometrix package in R, VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to visually represent global trends and hotspots. Results: Between 2013 and 2023, 2,246 NSCLC-Met articles were retrieved, with a continuous upward trend and rapid development observed year on year. Cancers published the most articles, with Cancer Research recording the highest average citation numbers. Zhang Li from China was the most prolific author, but the highest number of authors came from the USA. China, USA, and Italy were the top three countries with the highest number of published articles, with close cooperation identified between countries. Recent hotspots and research directions were reflected by "lung adenocarcinoma", "immunotherapy", "nivolumab", "checkpoint inhibitors", "blockade", and "pembrolizumab", while "gut microbiome", "egfr" and "dose painting" were important topics for researchers. Conclusion: From our analyses, scientists can now explore new hotspots and research directions in the NSCLC-Met field. Further in-depth research in this field will undoubtedly provide more new insights on disease diagnostics, treatment, and prognostics.

Hydrodeuteroalkylation of Unactivated Olefins Using Thianthrenium Salts.

Isotopically labeled alkanes play a crucial role in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. While some deuterated methylating agents are readily available, the limited accessibility of other deuteroalkyl reagents has hindered the synthesis of corresponding products. In this study, we introduce a nickel-catalyzed system that facilitates the synthesis of various deuterium-labeled alkanes through the hydrodeuteroalkylation of d2-labeled alkyl TT salts with unactivated alkenes. Diverging from traditional deuterated alkyl reagents, alkyl thianthrenium (TT) salts can effectively and selectively introduce deuterium at α position of alkyl chains using D2O as the deuterium source via a single-step pH-dependent hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE). Our method allows for high deuterium incorporation, and offers precise control over the site of deuterium insertion within an alkyl chain. This technique proves to be invaluable for the synthesis of various deuterium-labeled compounds, especially those of pharmaceutical relevance.

Correction to: Genome­wide identification and analyses of ZmAPY genes reveal their roles involved in maize development and abiotic stress responses.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01474-9.].

High performance molecular iodine optical reference using an unsaturated vapor cell.

We describe a high-performance molecular iodine optical frequency reference that is referenced to the R(56)32-0: a1 hyperfine transition of molecular iodine based on modulation transfer spectroscopy. We design an unsaturated iodine vapor cell with a gas pressure equivalent to the saturation pressure at -17 °C. Using this cell, we developed a compact, frequency-stabilized laser. The iodine cell operates at room temperature and is not actively temperature stabilized. We demonstrate a laser with fractional frequency instability of 1.4 × 10-14 at 1 s and 1.7 × 10-15 at 104 s. To our knowledge, the level of frequency instability at 104 s is comparable to the previously reported best results for an iodine stabilized laser. These results suggest that using an unsaturated iodine vapor cell is a valid approach for the development of long-term, stable iodine-based optical references.

Comparison of clinical efficacy of different colon anastomosis methods in laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of overlap anastomosis and functional end-to-end anastomosis (FEEA) in laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: The clinical data of 180 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of CRC and side-to-side anastomosis were retrospectively collected; the patients were divided into the Overlap group and FEEA group, according to the anastomosis method that was used to treat them. RESULTS: The Overlap group had a shorter operation time, anastomosis time, post-operative hospital stay, post-operative feeding time, and post-operative exhaust time than the FEEA group (p < 0.05). The total incidence of post-operative complications was 14.4% (13/90) in the FEEA group and 0.7% (6/90) in the Overlap group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Overlapping anastomosis can shorten the operation time and accelerate the recovery of intestinal function without increasing the incidence of post-operative complications, and it will not affect the quality of life and survival of patients in the short term after surgery.

OBJETIVO: Investigar el efecto clínico de la anastomosis superpuesta y de la anastomosis funcional de extremo a extremo (AFEE) en la resección radical laparoscópica del cáncer colorrectal (CCR). MÉTODO: Se recolectaron retrospectivamente los datos clínicos de 180 pacientes sometidos a resección radical laparoscópica de CCR y anastomosis de lado a lado. Los pacientes se dividieron en grupo de anastomosis superpuesta y grupo AFEE, según el método de anastomosis que se utilizó para tratarlos. RESULTADOS: El grupo de anastomosis superpuesta tuvo un tiempo de operación, un tiempo de anastomosis, una estancia hospitalaria posoperatoria, un tiempo de alimentación posoperatorio y un tiempo de escape posoperatorio más cortos que el grupo AFEE (p < 0.05). La incidencia total de complicaciones posoperatorias fue del 14.4% (13/90) en el grupo AFEE y del 0.7% (6/90) en el grupo de anastomosis superpuesta, y no hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: La anastomosis superpuesta puede acortar el tiempo operatorio y acelerar la recuperación de la función intestinal sin aumentar la incidencia de complicaciones posoperatorias, y sin afectar la calidad de vida y la supervivencia de los pacientes a corto plazo después de la cirugía.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Cascade C-H Activation/Annulation Polymerizations toward Diversified and Multifunctional Sulfur-Containing Fused Heterocyclic Polymers.

Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation has greatly benefited the synthesis and development of functional polymer materials, and the construction of multifunctional fused (hetero)cyclic polymers via novel C-H activation-based polyannulations has emerged as a charming but challenging area in recent years. Herein, we report the first cobalt(III)-catalyzed cascade C-H activation/annulation polymerization (CAAP) approach that can efficiently transform readily available aryl thioamides and internal diynes into multifunctional sulfur-containing fused heterocyclic (SFH) polymers. Within merely 3 h, a series of SFH polymers bearing complex and multisubstituted S,N-doped polycyclic units are facilely and efficiently produced with high molecular weights (absolute Mn up to 220400) in excellent yields (up to 99%), which are hard to achieve by traditional methods. The intermediate-terminated SFH polymer can be used as a reactive macromonomer to controllably extend or modify polymer main chains. The structural diversity can be further enriched through facile S-oxidation and N-methylation reactions of the SFH polymers. Benefiting from the unique structures, the obtained polymers exhibit excellent solution processability, high thermal and morphological stability, efficient and readily tunable aggregate-state fluorescence, stimuli-responsive properties, and high and UV-modulatable refractive indices of up to 1.8464 at 632.8 nm. These properties allow the SFH polymers to be potentially applied in diverse fields, including metal ion detection, photodynamic killing of cancer cells, fluorescent photopatterning, and gradient-index optical materials.

The impact of adverse pregnancy events in the initial cycle on subsequent pregnancy outcomes.

CONTEXT: Evidence is accumulating on the impact of previous adverse pregnancy events on future fertility in natural conceptions. However, there is limited knowledge on whether an ectopic pregnancy (EP) or miscarriage after an initial in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle affects the subsequent outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of first IVF outcomes: miscarriage, EP, and no pregnancy, on the second cycle outcomes based on a freeze-all strategy. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University-affiliated IVF center. PATIENT(S): This study involved 16,479 women who had undergone 2 complete frozen embryo transfers (FET) and were classified into 3 groups based on first FET outcomes. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Live birth rate (LBR). RESULT(S): After correcting for confounders, the LBR after the second FET was similar between women who suffered an EP and those who had no pregnancies in their first FET cycles (adjusted OR (aOR), 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83-1.28). However, women who experienced a miscarriage versus those with no prior pregnancy in the first FET had significantly higher LBR in their second cycles (aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.20-1.48). The LBR after the second FET was comparable between the previous EP and miscarriage groups (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98-1.58). Similar results were found in the propensity score matching models, supporting the robustness of the main findings. CONCLUSION: Women who had a miscarriage in the first FET cycle had a higher chance of achieving live births in the subsequent treatment cycle when compared to those who had no pregnancy in the initial cycle. Furthermore, it was found that an EP resulting from the first treatment cycle did not negatively impact reproductive outcomes in the next FET cycles.