[GASTROENTEROLOGICAL SYMPTOM IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2].

The data of the literature and own data on the frequency and mechanisms of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 are discussed. Changes in the gastrointestinal tract with diabetes mellitus type 2 are detected over its entire length and occur more frequently than in the general population. Among the reasons of it the presence of autonomic neuropathy, factor of hyperglycemia, increased anxiety and depression in patients are discussed.

[Clinical characteristics of dyspepsia in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2].

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of dyspepsia and to study its clinical manifestations and risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and seven patients with type 2 DM and 33 with functional dyspepsia were examined. A clinical and laboratory study and testing were made to identify the symptoms of dyspepsia; dyspepsia-associated factors were studied. RESULTS: Dyspepsia was observed in 71.0% of the examined patients with type 2 DM. It may be attributed to organic gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases only in 42.3% of cases. In the type 2 DM patients, dyspepsia that could not be explained by organic GIT diseases was mainly manifested by a dyskinetic type while an ulcer-like type was prevalent in those with organic GIT diseases. In the patients with type 2 DM, dyspepsia that could not be accounted for GIT diseases was associated with the duration of carbohydrate metabolism disturbance, the presence of diabetic complications, Helicobacter pylori infection, and patient age. Some symptoms of dyspepsia (repletion and epigastric discomfort), which could not be explained by organic GIT diseases in patients with type 2 DM were associated with diabetic complications and carbohydrate metabolic parameters. CONCLUSION: Dyspepsia in type 2 DM was observed in 71% of cases; it can be due to organic GIT diseases in 42.3% and its association with digestive organ pathology was not revealed in 57.7%.

[Diabetes mellitus and dyspepsia syndrome].

The frequency of dyspeptic symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus is higher than in non-diabetic subjects. The origin of dyspepsia in diabetics is debatable. The development of this condition appears to depend on sex, duration of the disease, diabetic complications, correction of hyperglycemia, and infection by different strains of Helicobacterpylori. In patients without organic gastrointestinal diseases, dyspeptic symptoms may be regarded as manifestations of autonomous diabetic neuropathy or of functional dyspepsia syndrome in the absence of neuropathy.

[Clinico-immunologic subtypes of type I diabetes mellitus]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskie subtipy sakharnogo diabeta tipa I.

AIM: To study clinico-immunological characteristics of diabetes mellitus type I. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical examination was made of 333 patients with diabetes mellitus type I with manifestation of carbohydrate metabolism impairment and intoxication syndrome because of diabetic ketoacidosis (group 1) and without it (group 2). Compared to donors (n = 68), T-cell, B-cell and monocytic components of immune system were studied in patients with uncomplicated DM type 1 in both groups (28 and 15 patients, respectively). RESULTS: Patients with different subtypes of the disease differ by the course and rate of progression, defects in T-cell and monocyte components of immunity. CONCLUSION: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a heterogenous pathology with subtype 1 (rapidly progressive) and subtype 2 (slowly progressive).

[Importance of estimated value of T-cell activation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Znachimost' raschetnogo pokazatelia T-kletochnoi aktivatsii pri insulinzavisimom sakharnom diabete.

AIM: To determine the role of estimated value HLA-DR+/CD19+ in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the course of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The number of CD+ and HLA-DR+ lymphocytes and the ratio HLA-DR+/ CD19+ were estimated in the peripheral blood of 70 IDDM patients aged 9-47 years with the disease duration since the diagnosis 0-10. Indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies was employed. RESULTS: The index HLA-DR+/CD19+ was normal in newly-diagnosed IDDM patients and tended to an increase with the disease aggravation. CONCLUSION: The index HLA-DR+/CD19+ can be used as an additional marker of T-lymphocyte activation, as a criterium of unfavorable IDDM course.

[Delayed-type hypersensitivity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and effects of short-action insulins produced by different pharmaceutical firms]. / Giperchuvstvitel'nost' zamedlennogo tipa pri insulinzavisimom sakharnom diabete i vliianie na nee insulinov korotkovo deistviia raznykh farmatsevticheskikh firm.

AIM: The study of activity of T-effector lymphocytes of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) and effects of short-action insulins produced by different pharmaceutical firms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 79 IDD patients aged 3-48 entered the study. RESULTS: T-effector lymphocytes activity in DTH patients was abnormal: leukocytes migration was enhanced due to inhibited production of the inhibiting factor. Effector function was subnormal. Short-acting insulins promoted normalization of the above indices. The insulins of different producers is individual in efficacy for each patient. CONCLUSION: In vitro tests are necessary for each patient to determine insulin activity before insulin therapy.

[The characteristics of the peripheral blood monocytes in diabetics]. / K kharakteristike monotsitov perifericheskoi krovi u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The study was aimed at laboratory evaluation of monocytes in peripheral blood of patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Irrespective of the disease type and clinical features, monocytes count at the expense of Fc-positive monocytes was increased, activity of monocytes in the test NBT reduction was inhibited. The problem of monocyte involvement in diabetic angiopathy genesis and the role of insulin in this process are discussed. The findings justify introduction of immunomodulating therapy of diabetes mellitus patients with drugs acting on monocytes.

[Topinambur concentrate in the treatment of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Kontsentrat topinambura v lechenii bol'nykh insulinozavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

The authors studied activity of home nutricevtic concentrate of topinambur in patients with different clinical forms of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Concentrate of topinambur promoted normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, increased ferrum level in serum, had immunomodulating activity. Nutricevtic was the most effective one in patients with not long duration of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

[Thymogen in the treatment of type-1 diabetes mellitus]. / Timogen v lechenii sakharnogo diabeta I tipa.

Thymogen effect was assessed in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with clinical and laboratory evidence of secondary immunodeficiency. It was found that thymogen removes signs of secondary immunodeficiency due to activation of T-lymphocyte differentiation. Clinical effect of thymogen was registered in 94.4%, laboratory effect in 83.3% of patients. The scheme of thymogen administration is suggested.

[The characteristics of T-lymphocyte differentiation in type-1 diabetes mellitus]. / Ob osobennostiakh differentsirovki T-limfotsitov pri sakharnom diabete I tipa.

Postthymic T-precursors were quantified in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) varying in forms. The number of pre-T-lymphocytes and auto-rosette-forming cells was found to differ significantly in DM type I patients from that of healthy donors. The count of T-precursors was analyzed with regard of DM duration, pattern, ketoacidosis, diabetic microangiopathy, insulin dose, associated diseases. The findings justify introduction of immunomodulating therapy of DM type I patients with thymic drugs and thymomimetics.

[The characteristics of the immunogenesis and immunocorrection of diabetes mellitus]. / Ob osobennostiakh immunogeneza i immunokorrektsii sakharnogo diabeta.

The authors review literature data and their own experience on immunopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus types I and II, discuss desirability of immunomodulating drugs inclusion in the treatment schemes, application of immune system mediators and synthetic immunomodulators, selection of patients for immunocorrection. Immunomodulating therapy in diabetes mellitus is thought beneficial though further serious studies are required.

[The immunopharmacodynamics of mival]. / Izuchenie immunofarmakodinamiki mivala.

The authors studied in vitro the immunopharmacodynamics of the new silantrane mival. It was shown that mival possessed mitogenic effects on mononuclear cell proliferation in donors and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The drug stimulated mononuclear cell proliferation, by acting selectively on T lymphocytes, enhancing T-cell growth lymphokine production, T-suppressor cell activity, and inhibiting prostaglandin E2 production.

[The effect of kobazol and atsizol on the proliferation of mononuclear cells]. / Vliianie kobazola i atsizola na proliferatsiiu mononuklearnykh kletok.

The authors studied the new imidazole-containing drugs cobazole and acizole for their effects on the proliferation of mononuclear cells from donors and patients with rheumatic arthritis. Acizole was found to produce no effects on mononuclear cell proliferation, whereas cobazole inhibited only the increased spontaneous proliferation of mononuclear cells in patients with rheumatic arthritis, which was due to a higher activity of nonspecific T-suppressor lymphocytes.

[The immunoactive properties of trekrezan]. / Immunoaktivnye svoistva trekrezana.

It was shown that in vivo trecrezan possessed strong immunoactive properties: it decreased the spot-forming activity of polypotent stem blood cells, stimulated lympho- and hemopoesis, antibody formation, possessed steady antiinflammatory activity. It stimulated in vitro mononuclear cell proliferation in man due to its direct action on B lymphocytes and increase in lymphokine and monokine production.

[The effect of new biologically active substances on effector T-lymphocytes in vitro]. / Vliianie novykh biologicheski aktivnykh veshchestv na éffektornye T-limfotsity in vitro.

Levamisole has been demonstrated to stimulate the activity of T effectors in patients with rheumatic arthritis directly and indirectly via production of the factors influencing effector functions. The organosilicon compound minval was beneficial both in patients and donors. Its activity was mediated by the production of factors in donors, whereas in patients it showed direct and indirect actions, being higher than that of levamisole. The bioflavonoid derived from the Rosa L. root was shown to exert no action on T-effector function.