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2.
Front Public Health ; 11: 1154084, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37213648

RESUMO

Introduction: The specialist Family and Community Nurse Practitioner (FCNP) is a professional who, after a period of training, is qualified to be part of multidisciplinary teams in primary care. The aim of this study was to describe and understand the experiences of nurses during their training process in the specialty of Family and Community Nursing in Spain. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was carried out. Participants were recruited by means of convenience sampling from January to April 2022. Sixteen specialist nurses in Family and Community Nursing from different autonomous communities in Spain participated in the study. Twelve individual interviews and one focus group were conducted. Data were analyzed following a thematic analysis method in ATLAS.ti 9. Results: The results showed two themes and six subthemes: (1) Residency period, more than a training: (a) Training during the residency period; (b) Specializing through a constant struggle; (c) Moderate optimism about the future of the specialty; and (2) A journey from illusion to disappointment: (a) Beginning of the residency: feeling special; (b) During the residency: between satisfaction and misunderstanding; (c) At the end of the residency: power and frustration. Conclusions: The residency period is important in the training and acquisition of competencies for the Family and Community Nurse Practitioner. Improvements are needed to ensure quality training during residency and to help give visibility to the specialty.


Assuntos
Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Grupos Focais , Espanha
4.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 114: e180569, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31166479

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Currently, there is an increasing global interest for the study of how infectious diseases could be linked to climate and weather variability. The Chagas disease was described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas, and is caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The Chagas disease is considered one of the biggest concerns in public health in Latin America. In Chile, the main vectors involved in the transmission of T. cruzi are arthropods of the Triatominae subfamily. Moreover, another main transmission way is through of vectors by fecal-urine way, however, oral way also has been described among others transmission form. OBJECTIVES: In order to get understand outbreaks of Chagas-disease, we search for possible relationships between the frequency of cases in the Chilean population and atmospheric oscillations. METHODS: We explored the two most important atmospheric oscillations in the Southern Hemisphere: southern oscillation index (SOI) and Antarctic oscillation (AAO), during the available years with official data. Because the number of migrant people born outside from Chile increasing significantively between 2014 and 2018, we used for the analysis two different periods from data available official data: (i) 2001 to 2014, (ii) 2001 to 2017. FINDINGS: For both periods we observed a significant and positive relation between AAO one year before. However, for the 2001 to 2014 period positive SOI one year before, which is related with La Niña phases, was the more important variable. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: The Chagas disease frequency per year in Chile was found to depend mainly on SOI in previous year, whose values can be determined one year in advance. Therefore, it is possible to partially forecast annual frequency patterns. This could have important applications in public health strategies and for allocating resources for the management of the disease.


Assuntos
Atmosfera , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Mudança Climática , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Chile/epidemiologia , Humanos , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Tempo
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 114: e180569, 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012668

RESUMO

BACKGROUND Currently, there is an increasing global interest for the study of how infectious diseases could be linked to climate and weather variability. The Chagas disease was described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas, and is caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The Chagas disease is considered one of the biggest concerns in public health in Latin America. In Chile, the main vectors involved in the transmission of T. cruzi are arthropods of the Triatominae subfamily. Moreover, another main transmission way is through of vectors by fecal-urine way, however, oral way also has been described among others transmission form. OBJECTIVES In order to get understand outbreaks of Chagas-disease, we search for possible relationships between the frequency of cases in the Chilean population and atmospheric oscillations. METHODS We explored the two most important atmospheric oscillations in the Southern Hemisphere: southern oscillation index (SOI) and Antarctic oscillation (AAO), during the available years with official data. Because the number of migrant people born outside from Chile increasing significantively between 2014 and 2018, we used for the analysis two different periods from data available official data: (i) 2001 to 2014, (ii) 2001 to 2017. FINDINGS For both periods we observed a significant and positive relation between AAO one year before. However, for the 2001 to 2014 period positive SOI one year before, which is related with La Niña phases, was the more important variable. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The Chagas disease frequency per year in Chile was found to depend mainly on SOI in previous year, whose values can be determined one year in advance. Therefore, it is possible to partially forecast annual frequency patterns. This could have important applications in public health strategies and for allocating resources for the management of the disease.


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Transmissíveis , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Chile/epidemiologia
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(3): 1108-1110, Sept. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-728318

RESUMO

The variations in the origin of the facial and lingual arteries are very important in maxillofacial, head and neck surgery procedures. This study is a case report in which the common origin is described in the facial and lingual artery in a lingual-facial trunk (LFT) on the left side of a female corpse from Spain. In the examination, a diameter of 2.17 mm and a length of 8.84 mm are shown. It was located 12.04 mm from the carotid bifurcation and 9.31 mm from the origin of the superior thyroid artery. The variation in biometric values shown, are anatomical findings in the neck dissection of a corpse. Moreover, taking into account the surgical procedures, which involve the origin of facial and lingual artery, because it is the most common variation and could cause complications.


Las variaciones del origen de la arteria facial y lingual son importantes en los procedimientos de cirugía maxilofacial y de cabeza y cuello. Reportamos un caso en el que se describe el origen común de las arterias facial y lingual en un tronco linguofacial en el lado izquierdo en el cadáver de una mujer de origen español. En la examinación, el tronco presentó un diámetro de 2,17 mm y una longitud de 8,84 mm. Se ubicó a 12,04 mm de la bifurcación carotidea y a 9,31 mm del origen de la arteria tiroidea superior. La variación en los valores biométricos presentados constituyen un hallazgo anatómico en una disección de cuello de un cadáver, además ser tomada en cuenta en los procedimientos quirúrgicos que involucren el origen de la arteria facial y lingual, pues al ser la variación más común podría generar complicaciones.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Língua/irrigação sanguínea , Artéria Carótida Externa/anatomia & histologia , Face/irrigação sanguínea , Variação Anatômica , Cadáver , Artéria Carótida Externa/anormalidades
8.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 7(3): 351-357, Dec. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-696562

RESUMO

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the discomfort level during the utilization of non oclusal intraoral appliance during sleep in patients with muscular temporomandibular dysfunction; time of acceptance; and the effectiveness of non oclusal intraoral appliance related to the relief of pain symptoms. We evaluated 30 patients from Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Dysfunction Clinic (UNIFESP/EPM/HSP) with muscular temporamandibular dysfunction, 25 females and 5 males, between 19 to 60 years. We used a non-oclusal intraoral appliance, based on the model developed by Minagi et al. (2001). Patients was conducted to use the appliance during all sleeping period e to persist in use, even when there was any kind of discomfort, which would be natural during the adaptation period, for 30 consecutive days. After this period, the researcher interviewed all patients, answering specific questions designed for this study. The mean time for adaptation was 4 days. Of all patients, 23.33 percent had no difficulty in adapting the appliance, with immediate acceptance. The gradual reduction in the intensity of myofascial pain and discomfort, as well as improving the quality of life in 78.3 percent of the sample confirmed the effectiveness of non-oclusal palatal intraoral appliance without occlusal contact in relieving the painful symptoms of muscular TMD.


El objetivo fue evaluar la respuesta al uso de un aparato intraoral no oclusal durante el sueño en pacientes con disfunción temporomandibular (DTM) muscular. Se evaluaron 30 pacientes de la Clínica de Dolor Orofacial y Disfunción Temporomandibular (UNIFESP/EPM/HSP) con diagnóstico de DTM muscular, 25 mujeres y 5 hombres, entre 19 y 60 años. Se utilizó un aparato intraoral no oclusal, basado en el modelo desarrollado por Minagi et al. (2001) y se evaluó el tiempo de adaptación al aparato y la eficacia en términos de reducción del dolor. Los pacientes utilizaron el aparato al acostarse y mientras dormían por 30 días contínuos. Después de este período, todos los pacientes fueron entrevistados. El tiempo medio para la adaptación fue de 4 días. De todos los pacientes, el 23,33 por ciento no tuvo ninguna dificultad de adaptación al aparato, con aceptación inmediata. La reducción gradual en la intensidad del dolor miofascial y el malestar, así como la mejora de la calidad de vida en el 78,3 por ciento de la muestra confirmó la eficacia del aparato intraoral para aliviar los síntomas dolorosos de DTM muscular.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor Facial/etiologia , Dor Facial/prevenção & controle , Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/complicações , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/terapia , Adaptação a Desastres , Satisfação do Paciente , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo
9.
Int J Clin Exp Pathol ; 6(11): 2412-8, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24228103

RESUMO

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles are used in various disorders for the controlled or sustained release of drugs, with the management of salivary gland pathologies possible using this technology. There is no record of the response to such microparticles in the glandular parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological changes in the parotid gland when injected with a single dose of PLGA microparticles. We used 12 adult female Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) that were injected into their right parotid gland with sterile vehicle solution (G1, n=4), 0.5 mg PLGA microparticles (G2, n=4), and 0.75 mg PLGA microparticles (G3, n=4); the microparticles were dissolved in a sterile vehicle solution. The intercalar and striated ducts lumen, the thickness of the acini and the histology aspect in terms of the parenchyma organization, cell morphology of acini and duct system, the presence of polymeric residues, and inflammatory response were determined at 14 days post-injection. The administration of the compound in a single dose modified some of the morphometric parameters of parenchyma (intercalar duct lumen and thickness of the glandular acini) but did not induce tissue inflammatory response, despite the visible presence of polymer waste. This suggests that PLGA microparticles are biocompatible with the parotid tissue, making it possible to use intraglandular controlled drug administration.


Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Portadores de Fármacos , Ácido Láctico/administração & dosagem , Glândula Parótida/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Poliglicólico/administração & dosagem , Animais , Química Farmacêutica , Feminino , Injeções , Ácido Láctico/química , Glândula Parótida/patologia , Tamanho da Partícula , Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
10.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(2): 747-753, jun. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-687133

RESUMO

The jaw muscles are essential components in the stomatognatic system. Their complex architecture allows them to execute several motor tasks. One of the structural peculiarities is the presence of hybrid and neonatal fibers.We studied the differences of the fiber-type in masseter and temporalis muscles along the first to nineth decades in both genders. Seventy-four (74) samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Slow and fast muscle fibers distribution was similar in both muscles in both genders. Hybrid fiber was observed in all decades, and its frequency decreased significantly (p<0.001) with aging in masseter. Neonatal myosin expression was observed in all decades, its expression was more frequent in masseter (p=0.01), and males in temporalis (p=0.025). Decrease of the cross sectional area of fast and slow fibers, and decrease of capillary density were detected with aging. These morpho-immunohistochemical alterations on masseter and temporalis muscles correlated to the decrease in bite force with aging.


Los músculos cráneomandibulares son componentes esenciales en el sistema estomatognático. Su arquitectura compleja les permite ejecutar variadas tareas motoras. Una de sus características estructurales es la presencia de fibras musculares híbridas y neonatales. Se estudiaron las diferencias del tipo de fibra en los músculos masetero y temporal en la primera a novena décadas dela vida en ambos sexos. Setenta y cuatro (74) muestras se analizaron por inmunohistoquímica. La distribución de lãs fibras musculares lentas y rápidas fue similar en ambos músculos en ambos sexos. Fibras musculares híbridas fueron observadas en todas las décadas, pero su frecuencia disminuyó significativamente (p <0,001) con el envejecimiento en el masétero. La expresión de miosina neonatal se observo em todas los grupos analizados, aunque su expresión era más frecuente en los músculos maseteros (p = 0,01) y en varones en el temporal (p = 0,025). Se observo una disminución del área de la sección transversal de las fibras rápidas y lentas, y disminución de la densidad capilar al aumentar La edad. Estas alteraciones morfológicas en los músculos masetero y temporal se correlacionan con la disminución de la fuerza asociada al envejecimiento.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força de Mordida , Músculo Masseter/anatomia & histologia , Músculo Temporal/anatomia & histologia , Cadáver , Imuno-Histoquímica , Músculos da Mastigação/anatomia & histologia
11.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(1): 301-306, mar. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-676172

RESUMO

The aim was to analyze the characteristics of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in a group of adult patients suffering from Steinert's muscular dystrophy (DM1). This study included 42 adult patients aged between 21 and 69 years (mean = 38.7619; SD = 12.74) who were diagnosed for DM1. Study was conducted using the MRI of right and left TMJ sagittal images taken in maximum intercuspidation position and maximum oral opening without pain, and the following were discussed: a) the quality of the cortical bone in the mandibular fossa, tuberosity, and mandibular head; b) the relationship of mandibular head­disc­joint tuberosity in maximum intercuspidation position; c) the anatomical shape of the articular disc. All patients showed abnormalities in the shape and surface of the cortical bone in the mandibularfossa, tuberosity, and the mandibular head. With regard to the relationship of the mandibular head in the mandibular fossa, 41% was found in the region 2B, 29% in 1B, 18% in 1A, 9% in 2C, and 3% in 2A of the TMJ. About 49% of the disc in maximum intercuspidation position was found on the mandibular head, 26% were anterior displaced, 14% had anterior dislocations, 38% had alterations in the form of disc, and 30% had preserved the anatomical shape. However, 98% of the discs showed hyposignal in T1 and T2. Using MRI, the decrease in the muscle activity in patients with DM1 was found to generate degenerative changes visible in the TMJ.


El objetivo de este estudio, fue analizar las características de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) en un grupo de pacientes adultos portadores de distrofia muscular de Steinert (DM1). Fueron evaluados 42 pacientes adultos, con edades entre 21 y 69 años (Media=38,7619; DE=12,74) diagnosticados con DM1. Se realizó un estudio por RNM de ATM mediante imágenes sagitales de ATM derecha e izquierda en posición de máxima intercuspidación (MIC) y apertura máxima sin dolor, y se analizaron a) la calidad de las corticales de la fosa mandibular, tuberosidad y cabeza mandibular, b) la relación cabeza mandibular- disco- tuberosidad articular en MIC, c) la forma anatómica del disco articular. Todos los pacientes presentaron alteraciones en la forma y superficie de las corticales de la fosa mandibular, tuberosidad articular y cabeza mandibular. Con respecto a la relación de la CM en la FM, el 41% se encontró en la región 2B, el 29% 1B, 18% 1A, 9% 2A y 3% 2C de la ATM. El 49% de los discos en MIC se encontraron sobre la cabeza mandibular, 26% estaban desplazados anteriormente, 14% presentaron un dislocamiento anterior. El 38% presentó alteraciones de la forma del disco y 30% presentaron conservada la forma anatómica. El 98% de los discos presentaron hiposeñal en T1 y T2. La disminución de la actividad muscular en los pacientes con DMS genera cambios degenerativos en la ATM visibles con RNM.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Articulação Temporomandibular/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Distrofia Miotônica , Articulação Temporomandibular/anatomia & histologia
12.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(3): 970-978, Sept. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-665511

RESUMO

The lower third molar region is an important region for the odontostomatological practice, since it presents a great amount of pathological processes related to the development and eruption of the third molar; thus having a considerable number of surgical interventions. Despite its importance, this region is not accounted for in anatomical terminology nor is it described in topographic anatomy; and in spite of the great number of studies that analyze the surgical anatomy of the region, it is necessary to systematize the description of its boundaries, planes, content, risk elements, anatomical repairs, etc.; therefore, the purpose of the present article is to review the modern concepts related to the surgical anatomy of the lower third molar region and to establish a description based on these concepts...


La región del tercer molar inferior es una región importante para la práctica odontoestomatológica, en ella se presenta una gran cantidad de procesos patológicos relacionados con el desarrollo y erupción del tercer molar, por lo que se practican un gran número de intervenciones quirúrgicas. No obstante su importancia, esta región no se encuentra considerada en la terminología anatómica ni descrita en la anatomía topográfica y a pesar de la gran cantidad de estudios que analizan la anatomía quirúrgica de la región, es necesario sistematizar la descripción de sus límites, planos, contenidos, elementos de riesgo, puntos de reparo, etc., es por ello que el propósito de este artículo es revisar los conceptos modernos relacionados con la anatomía quirúrgica de la región del tercer molar inferior y proponer una descripción basada en estos conceptos...


Assuntos
Humanos , Nervo Mandibular/anatomia & histologia , Dente Serotino/anatomia & histologia , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Lingual/anatomia & histologia , Cirurgia Bucal , Dente Serotino/inervação , Dente Serotino/irrigação sanguínea
13.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(3): 1035-1041, Sept. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-665521

RESUMO

In situations where the skeletal remains found are too fragmented, it is necessary to assess the human origin of such remains; for this purpose, various parameters are used, both anatomical and histological. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the various histomorphometric parameters to differentiate human from non-human bones, to further construct discriminatory functions that allow interspecies classification. Tibia bones sections from human, bovine, pig, hen, cat, and dog species were used, processed through conventional histological techniques and observed under the microscope with a 40x magnification, analyzing the Haversian Canal Density parameters by mm2, Diameter of the Haversian Canal and the Diameter of the Haversian System which were compared through one way ANOVA with Scheffé post test, p<0.05. Subsequently, the discriminatory functions were constructed for each species and the percentage of well-diagnosed cases was determined. Meaningful differences were found in the parameters analyzed; the discriminatory functions allowed to correctly classify 88.5 percent of the cases. Our results suggest that it is possible to differentiate human skeletal remains from non-human through the observation of their histological characteristics and histomorphometric parameters, but interspecies differentiation requires a more complex analysis...


En situaciones donde los restos óseos que se encuentran están muy fragmentados, es necesario evaluar el origen humano de dichos restos, para ello se utilizan diversos parámetros morfológicos tanto anatómicos como histológicos. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar los distintos parámetros histomorfométricos para diferenciar hueso humano de no humano, para posteriormente construir las funciones discriminantes que permitan la clasificación interespecies. Se utilizaron secciones de hueso de tibia de individuos de especies: humano, bovino, cerdo, gallina, gato y perro, procesadas mediante técnica histológica convencional y observadas al microscópio con aumento 40x, analizándose los parámetros Densidad del canal de Havers por mm2, Diámetro del canal de Havers y diámetro del sistema Haversiano, los cuales fueron comparados mediante one way ANOVA con Scheffé post test con p<0,05. Posteriormente se construyeron las funciones discriminantes para cada especie y se determinó el porcentaje de casos bien diagnosticados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los parámetros analizados, las funciones discriminantes permitieron la correcta clasificación del 88,5 por ciento de los casos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que es posible diferenciar restos óseos humanos de no humanos mediante la observación de sus características histológicas y parámetros histomorfométricos, pero la diferenciación interespecie requiere de análisis más complejo...


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Antropologia Forense/métodos , Técnicas Histológicas , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Estudos Transversais , Análise Discriminante , Especificidade da Espécie
14.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 6(2): 169-173, ago. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-657686

RESUMO

The study objective was to evaluate the prevalence of referred dental pain (RDP) in a group of Brazilians subjects and identify possible partnerships with sex, age and the presence of periodontal or periapical lesions. A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed, 98 patients between 14 and 64 years old (59 women and 39 men), who consulted by dental pain were evaluated clinically and radiographically in order to determine the cause and partnership with periapical and periodontal lesions and its possible territories projection other than their origin. The prevalence of RDP was 31.6 percent, higher in women (67.74 percent) though without statistical significance. The RDP was presented at a 45.16 percent together with periapical lesion and a 25.8 percent along with periodontal lesion. There was no relationship between age and RDP presence. The high prevalence of RDP found reinforces the need for a diagnosis of orofacial pain.


El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la prevalencia de dolor referido dental (DRD) en un grupo de sujetos brasileros y determinar las posibles asociaciones con sexo, edad y la presencia de lesión periapical o periodontal. Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con 98 pacientes, de entre 14 y 64 años (59 mujeres y 39 hombres), que consultaron por dolor dental, ellos fueron evaluados clínica y radiográficamente con el fin de determinar la causa y la asociación con lesión periapical y periodontal y su posible proyección a territorios distintos de su origen. La prevalencia del DRD fue de 31,6 por ciento, mayor en mujeres (67,74 por ciento) aunque sin significancia estadística. El DRD se presentó en un 45,16 por ciento junto con lesión periapical y un 25,8 por ciento junto a lesión periodontal. No se encontró asociación entre la edad y la presencia de DRD. La alta prevalencia de DRD encontrada refuerza la necesidad de un diagnóstico etiológico del dolor orofacial.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Periapicais/epidemiologia , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Odontalgia/epidemiologia , Odontalgia/etiologia , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Dor Referida/epidemiologia , Doenças Periapicais/complicações , Doenças Periodontais/complicações , Prevalência , Nervo Trigêmeo
15.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 6(2): 139-143, ago. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-657698

RESUMO

La estimación de la estatura a partir de segmentos óseos o dentarios es un procedimiento complejo y con validez discutible, especialmente cuando se trata de restos humanos de subadultos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el método de Carrea para la determinación de la estatura a partir de las dimensiones de piezas temporales maxilares y en un segundo paso proponer un método matemático adecuado para la estimación de la estatura. Se determinó el arco y radio-cuerda maxilar en 42 pacientes de entre 36 y 84 meses y se aplicó el método de Carrea, comparando la estatura estimada con la real. Posteriormente se realizó una regresión lineal multivariada con la estatura como variable dependiente y el arco y radio-cuerda maxilar como variable independiente. El método de Carrea resultó negativo en todo los casos. Se determinó una ecuación de regresión que permitió la estimación correcta de la estatura en 57,5 por ciento de los casos con +/-5cm y en un 97 por ciento con +/-10cm, lo que supone una utilidad práctica para la estimación de la estatura que debe ser complementada con otros métodos.


The estimation of stature from bone or tooth segments is a complex procedure with questionable validity, especially when dealing with human remains of subadults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Carrea method for determining stature from the dimensions of deciduous maxillary teeth and in a second step to propose a suitable mathematical method for estimating stature. We determined the arch and radio-cord maxillary in 42 patients between 36 and 84 months and applied the Carrea method, comparing estimated with actual stature. Subsequently a multivariate linear regression with stature as dependent variable and the the arch and radio-cord maxillary as independent variable. Carrea method was negative in all cases. We determined a regression equation that allowed the correct estimation of stature in 57.5 percent of cases with +/- 5 cm and in 97 percent with +/-10cm, which is a handy utility for estimating the stature that is complemented with other methods.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Estatura , Dente Decíduo/anatomia & histologia , Odontologia Legal/métodos , Modelos Lineares
16.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(2): 588-591, jun. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-651835

RESUMO

Observation of sexual chromatin has shown to be very helpful in gender forensic diagnosis. In the present study we analyzed the diagnosis performance of the method in, non-treated or treated with conventional bone techniques, exhumed bone pieces. We used long bones of male and female individuals, the method applied is described in Suazo et al. (2010). In the non-treated exhumed pieces, the general accuracy of the method was 75 percent, while in the treated pieces the method was inapplicable due to the lack of cells in the tissue. Our results suggest that it is possible to determine the sex of aged human bones buried under different conditions through a fast and simple histological method, but the treatment with physical and chemical means eliminates the remaining cells in the bone tissue.


La observación de la cromatina sexual ha demostrado ser útil en el diagnóstico forense del sexo. En este estudio analizamos el rendimiento diagnóstico del método en piezas óseas exhumadas no tratadas y tratadas mediante osteotécnica convencional. Utilizamos muestras de huesos largos de individuos de sexo masculino y femenino, el método se aplicó de acuerdo a lo descrito por Suazo et al., (2010). En las piezas exhumadas no tratadas la exactitud general del método fue del 75 por ciento, mientras que en las piezas tratadas el método resultó inaplicable, debido a la ausencia de células en el tejido. Nuestros resultados sugieren que es posible determinar el sexo en osamentas humanas exhumadas de larga data y en diferentes condiciones de enterramiento, mediante un método histológico rápido y sencillo, pero que el tratamiento por medios físicos y químicos elimina las células remanentes en el tejido óseo.


Assuntos
Feminino , Análise para Determinação do Sexo , Antropologia Forense/métodos , Osso e Ossos , Cromatina Sexual/ultraestrutura , Exumação
17.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(2): 651-655, jun. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-651845

RESUMO

Las comunicaciones entre los ramos terminales de plexo braquial son frecuentes y tienen importancia en la evaluación de traumatismos y procedimientos quirúrgicos de las regiones axilar y braquial. En este artículo presentamos un caso en el que durante la disección de rutina del miembro superior, se observó la presencia de comunicaciones bilaterales entre los nervios musculocutáneo y mediano. Los ramos comunicantes fueron descritos en su trayecto, relaciones y morfometría y se discutió acerca de la prevalencia e importancia clínica de estas comunicaciones.


Communication of the musculocutaneous and median nerves of the brachial plexus is common and is important in the evaluation of trauma and surgical procedures in axillary and brachial regions. This paper presents a case in which during a routine dissection of upper limb the presence of bilateral communication between musculocutaneous and medium nerves was observed. Trajectory of communicating branches was described, relation and morphometry was discussed with regard to prevalence and clinical significance of these communications.


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Axila/inervação , Nervo Mediano/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Musculocutâneo/anatomia & histologia , Cadáver , Nervo Mediano/anormalidades , Nervo Musculocutâneo/anormalidades , Plexo Braquial/anatomia & histologia
18.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(1): 296-301, mar. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-638803

RESUMO

In this study we tested the hypothesis that diagnostic performance of the morphological indicators for sexual dimorphism are reduced as they are applied in skull and mandibles of older subjects. We used 275 adult human skulls, 250 of these with mandible, all subjects with sex and age registry. Sixteen classic morphological indicators of sexual dimorphism were evaluated, this information was compared with the registry and results noted in terms of precision. The best general performance of morphological indicators of sexual dimorphism were recorded in the 31 - 40 and 61 - 70 years, age range groups. Lowest precision ws recorded in the group corresponding to subjects between 21 ­ 30 years. Our results do not support the proposed hypothesis and suggest a progressive and cumulative effect of factors that determine dimorphism expression.


En este estudio testeamos la hipótesis que el rendimiento diagnóstico de los indicadores morfológicos de dimorfismo sexual disminuía al aplicarlos en cráneos y mandíbulas de individuos de mayor edad. Utilizamos 275 cráneos humanos adultos, 250 de los cuales tenían mandíbula, todos con registro de sexo y edad. Se evaluaron 16 indicadores morfológicos clásicos de dimorfismo sexual, estos datos se contrastaron con el registro y los resultados se expresaron en términos de exactitud. El mejor rendimiento general de los indicadores morfológicos de dimorfismo sexual se encontraron en los rangos etarios de 31-40 y de 61-70 años, la menor exactitud se encontró en el grupo correspondiente a individuos de entre 21-30 años. Nuestros resultados no sustentan la hipótesis propuesta y sugieren un efecto progresivo y acumulativo de los factores que determinan la expresión de dimorfismo.


Assuntos
Idoso , Cefalometria , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Mandíbula/ultraestrutura , Caracteres Sexuais , Envelhecimento , Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Crânio/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Crânio/ultraestrutura , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/métodos
19.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(1): 302-308, mar. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-638804

RESUMO

The search of morphological patterns of nasal profile using traditional morphometrics has been the goal of several studies aiming to orient therapeutical planning and forensic techniques such as facial reconstruction. The present study aims to find and describe such patterns with geometric morphometric tools in a sample of Chilean population with geometric morphometric tools. We used the lateral X-rays of 156 individuals (men and women) and 14 landmarks in bone and soft tissues. Procrustes analysis was performed followed by principal component analysis to assess general shape variation, regression of shape components against centroid size to study to allometric effect and discriminant analysis by sex with cross-validation test. Our results show the lack of shape patterns, and that the size, followed by sex, explains within a limited scope the shape changes which suggests the presence of uncontrolled variables and a high effect of inter-individual variation. In general terms bigger profiles, more frequent in men, show a lower Pronasal point, a more prominent nasal dorsum with a thicker layer of soft tissue, and a vertically expanded upper lip. We suggest the reassessment of the importance of individual aesthetic evaluation for clinical purposes, and recommend caution in concluding results based on forensic reconstruction techniques.


La descripción de patrones morfológicos del perfil nasal en la población que orienten la toma de decisiones y evaluación terapéutica, y que aseguren el éxito de técnicas como la reconstrucción facial forense, ha sido el objetivo de numerosos estudios basados en el uso de morfometría tradicional. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio del perfil nasal en una muestra de población chilena utilizando herramientas de la morfometría geométrica. Se utilizaron las radiografías de una muestra mixta de 156 individuos adultos y 14 hitos en perfil duro y blando. Se realizó el análisis de Procusto, seguido de análisis de componentesprincipales para el estudio exploratorio de la forma, regresión de los componentes de la forma contra el tamaño de centroide para el estudio del efecto alométrico en la forma del perfil nasal, análisis discriminante para la variable sexo y prueba de validación cruzada. Los resultados muestran que de las variables controladas, el tamaño y luego el sexo serían las que más explican la variabilidad observada, sin embargo el peso general de estas variables es bajo, sugiriendo la presencia de otras variables no controladas, y un gran componente de variación entre los individuos. Morfológicamente, se observa que los perfiles de mayor tamaño, de mayor frecuencia en hombres, presentan un punto nasal más descendido y un dorso nasal más curvo, así como un labio más expandido verticalmente. Desde el punto de vista estético, se sugiere dar importancia a la evaluación individual con fines terapéuticos. En antropología forense, se sugiere la prudencia en las conclusiones basadas en técnicas de reconstrucción debido a la falta de patrones morfológicos que orienten la técnica de manera certera.


Assuntos
Adulto Jovem , Crânio , Nariz/anatomia & histologia , Nariz , Chile/etnologia , Osteogênese/genética , Caracteres Sexuais
20.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 29(1): 35-41, mar. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-646499

RESUMO

La determinación de la edad al momento de la muerte sobre la base de la recemización del ácido aspártico (AAR) en la dentina humana se ha aplicado con éxito en odontología forense desde hace varios años. El uso de este procedimiento en la dentina proporciona una solución sencilla y rentable, cuyo método puede lograr una presición de más menos 3 años. Actualmente esta determinación no se encuentra estandarizada, inconsistencia que se debe resolver si se pretende aplicar con éxito la técnica para la determinación de la edad en casos de interés forense. Se pretende aplicar con éxito la técnica para la determinación de la edad en casos de interés forense...


Assuntos
Humanos , Ácido Aspártico/análise , Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes , Dentina , Medicina Legal
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