Qualidade nutricional de biscoitos disponíveis à venda em supermercados / Nutritional quality of biscuits available for sale in supermarkets

Introdução: Biscoitos são produtos de panificação feitos com farinha, gordura, açúcar e outros ingredientes, e podem ser alimentos processados ou ultraprocessados. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade nutricional de biscoitos comercializados em supermercados brasileiros. Materiais e Métodos: Após a autorização dos responsáveis, dois supermercados participaram do estudo. Foram coletados os dados de informação nutricional e a lista de ingredientes dos biscoitos a partir dos rótulos dos produtos, através de fotos e anotações. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente através de estatística descritiva e análise de variância (ANOVA) com nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultado: No total, foram incluídos 412 biscoitos diferentes, dos quais 73,5% eram doces e 26,5%, salgados. A média de ingredientes por produto foi de 14,80, e 84,7% dos biscoitos eram produzidos com 11 ou mais ingredientes; o número máximo de ingredientes encontrado foi de 29. A gordura vegetal foi encontrada em 79,6% dos produtos. Os biscoitos doces tiveram valores mais elevados de açúcares p<0,0001), gordura total (p=0,002) e gordura saturada (p<0,0001), e os biscoitos salgados tiveram valores mais altos de proteínas (p<0,0001), e sódio (p<0,0001). Quando comparados com biscoitos processados, os biscoitos ultraprocessados tiveram níveis mais elevados de carboidratos (p=0,001), açúcares (p<0,0001), gordura total (p<0,0001) e gordura saturada (p<0,0001). Conclusão: No presente estudo, biscoitos processados e salgados tiveram melhor qualidade nutricional que os biscoitos doces e ultraprocessados, e são considerados melhores opções para os consumidores em supermercados.

Introduction: Biscuits are small bakery products made with wheat flour, fat, sugar and other ingredients, and they can be processed or ultraprocessed food. This paper aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of biscuits sold in Brazilian supermarkets. Materials and methods: After authorization from the managers, two supermarkets participated in the study. The data collected from labels was the nutritional information and the list of ingredients of cookoies, through photos and notes. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significant level of p<0,05. Results: A total of 412 different products were included, which 73,5% are sweet and 26,5% are salty biscuits. About processing, 98,05% are ultraprocessed and only 1,95% processed. The average of ingredients was 14,80 and 84,7% of biscuits were produced with 11 or more ingredients; the maxim number of ingredients was 29. Vegetal fat was found in 79,6% of products. Sweet biscuits have higher values of sugar (p<0,0001), total fat (p=0,002) and saturated fat (p<0,0001), and salty biscuits were higher in proteins (p<0,0001) and sodium (p<0,0001). When compared with processed biscuits, the ultraprocessed ones were higher in carbohydrates (p=0,001), sugar (p<0,0001), total fat (p<0,0001) and saturated fat (p<0,0001). Conclusion: In this study, processed and salty biscuits had better nutritional quality than sweet and ultraprocessed ones, and are considered better choice options for consumers in supermarkets.

Conhecimento Nutricional de Adultos e Idosos do Município de Caxias do Sul-RS / Nutritional Knowledge of Residents of the City of Caxias do Sul-RS, Brazil

Introdução: Conhecimento nutricional é a noção de conceitos e processos relacionados à nutrição e saúde, incluindo associações de conhecimentos sobre dieta e saúde, dieta e doenças, fontes de nutrientes e recomendações dietéticas. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento nutricional da população de Caxias do Sul e investigar suas associações com variáveis sociodemográficas e dados antropométricos. Métodos: Estudo transversal incluindo moradores do município de Caxias do Sul, entre 18 e 80 anos. Através de questionário on-line, foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e antropométricos dos participantes. Para avaliar o conhecimento nutricional, foram utilizadas as seções 2 e 4 do questionário GNKQ (General NutritionKnowledgeQuestionnaire for Adults). As 26 questões possuíam diversos itens e cada item assinalado corretamente recebeu 1 ponto, totalizando 57 pontos possíveis. O conhecimento nutricional foi classificado em baixo (até 19 pontos), médio (entre 20 e 38 pontos) e alto (acima de 39 pontos). Resultados: O conhecimento nutricional médio da amostra foi 39,9 ± 6,1 pontos. A maioria dos participantes foi classificada como detentores de alto conhecimento nutricional (n=184; 61,1%, média 43,8 ± 3,6 pontos). Houve diferença estatística entre gêneros (p<0,001), renda (p=0,009), escolaridade (p=0,015) e profissionais e estudantes de Nutrição (p<0,001). Mulheres, pessoas com renda mais elevada e grau de escolaridade maior, bem como estudantes e profissionais de Nutrição apresentaram maior conhecimento nutricional. Conclusão: A amostra de adultos e idosos de Caxias do Sul-RS possui um bom conhecimento nutricional, com maiores pontuações entre as participantes do sexo feminino, maior renda, maior escolaridade e profissionais ou estudantes de Nutrição.

Introduction: Nutritional knowledge is the understanding of the concepts and processes of nutrition and health, including combinations of knowledge about diet and health, diet and diseases, nutritional sources, and dietary recommendations. Objective: To assess the nutritional knowledge of the population from Caxias do Sul and investigate their associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric data. Methods: Cross-sectional study including residents of Caxias do Sul, between 18 and 80 years old. Through an online questionnaire, sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. To evaluate the nutritional knowledge, sections 2 and 4 from GNKQ (General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for adults) were used. The 26 questions had several items and each item marked correctly received 1 point, totaling 57 possible points. The nutritional knowledge was classified as low (up to 19 points), medium (between 20 and 38 points) and high (above 39 points). Results: The sample nutritional knowledge was 39.9 ± 6.1 points. Most of the participants were classified as high nutritional knowledge (n=184; 61.1%, average 43.8 ± 3.6 points). There was a statistical difference between gender (p<0.001), income (p=0.009), schooling (p=0.015) and nutrition students or dietitians (p<0.001). Women, people with higher income and schooling, as well as nutrition students or dietitians demonstrated higher nutritional knowledge. Conclusions: The sample of adults and older people from Caxias do Sul-RS has considerable nutritional knowledge, with a higher score between female participants, higher income, higher level of education, and nutrition students or dietitians.

Analysis of the prevalence in sugar consumption in child care consultations / Análise da prevalência do consumo de açúcar em consultas de puericultura

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the prevalence of sugar consumption and associated factors in childcare consultations. Methods: cross-sectional study with 599 children > six months to < 24 months of age, assisted by the Family Health Units. Outcomes: daily consumption of sweetened beverages, sweets/candies, recorded in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System; independent variables: sociodemographic data. Multiple logistic regression test was applied. Results: 62.10% of the children consume sugary drinks and 42.23%, sweets/candies. Consuming sugary drinks was associated with the age of 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.525; CI95%=1.68-3.78) and 18-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.90; CI95%=1.90-4.43); children living with more than four people at home (OR=1.59; CI95%=1.11-2.26), aged 12-17 months and 29 days (OR=2.05; CI95%=1.34-3.13) and 18-23 months and 29 days (OR=2.51; CI95%=1.62-3.87) were more likely to consume sweets/candies than younger children. Maternal aspects, such as age (OR=0.66; CI95%=0.46-0.93), marital status (OR=1.67; CI95%=1.06-2.6), schooling (OR=2.14; CI95%=1.12-4.08), and presence of government assistance (OR=2.03; CI95%=1.41-2.93), were conditions associated with the consumption of sweets. Conclusions: the prevalence of sugar in children's diet was high and was associated with sociodemographic aspects. Health education actions should be carried out in childcare, in order to promote healthy food, minimizing the consumption of sugar.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a prevalência do consumo de açúcar e fatores associados em consultas de puericultura. Métodos: estudo transversal com 599 crianças >seis a <24 meses de idade, assistidas por Unidades de Saúde da Família. Desfechos: consumo diário de bebidas adoçadas, doces/guloseimas, registrados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional; variáveis independentes: dados sociodemográficos. Aplicou-se teste de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: 62,10% das crianças consomem bebidas açucaradas e 42,23% doces/guloseimas. Consumir bebidas açucaradas associou-se à idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,525; IC95%=1,68-3,78) e 18-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,90; IC95%=1,90-4,43); crianças residirem com mais de quatro pessoas na casa (OR=1,59; IC95%:1,11-2,26), terem idade de 12-17 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,05; IC95%=1,34-3,13) e 18-23 meses e 29 dias (OR=2,51; IC95%=1,62-3,87) apresentaram maior chance de consumir doces/guloseimas que crianças mais novas. Aspectos maternos como idade (OR=0,66; IC95%=0,46-0,93), estado civil (OR=1,67; IC95%=1,06-2,6), escolaridade (OR=2,14; IC95%=1,12-4,08), e presença de auxílio do governo (OR=2,03;IC95%=1,41-2,93), foram condições associadas ao consumo de doces/guloseimas. Conclusão: foi alta a prevalência de açúcar na dieta das crianças e esteve associada a aspectos sociodemográficos. Ações de educação em saúde devem ser realizadas na puericultura, a fim de fomentar a alimentação saudável, minimizando o consumo de açúcar.

Influencia del etiquetado nutricional en la decisión de compra de estudiantes universitarios / Influence of Nutritional Labeling on the Purchase Decision of University Students

Resumen: Antecedentes: el etiquetado nutricional permite a los consumidores tomar mejores decisiones sobre alimentación, lo que contribuye a combatir las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: determinar cómo influye la interpretación del etiquetado nutricional, presente en los alimentos industrializados en Colombia, en la decisión de compra de estudiantes de pregrado del área de la salud de la Universidad CES. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en 76 estudiantes de quinto semestre de programas de pregrado del área de la salud. Resultados: la frecuencia en el uso del etiquetado nutricional se asoció con el sexo (p = 0,036), el tipo de programa (p < 0,001) y el conocimiento de la función del etiquetado nutricional (p = 0,000). La buena interpretación del etiquetado nutricional no condicionó la frecuencia en su uso (p = 0,095); además, el nivel de interpretación del etiquetado nutricional no se asoció con el sexo ni con el tipo de programa de pregrado. Finalmente, se encontró que la decisión de compra estaba influenciada por la costumbre (p = 0,018) y la publicidad (p = 0,008) y no por la interpretación del etiquetado nutricional. Conclusiones: aunque el uso del etiquetado nutricional es más frecuente entre las mujeres, los estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética y entre quienes conocen la función del etiquetado nutricional, la decisión de compra no está influenciada por su interpretación.

Abstract: Background: Nutritional labeling enables consumers to make better food choices, helping to fight chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: To determine the influence of the interpretation of the nutritional labeling, present in industrialized foods in Colombia, on the purchase decision of undergraduate students in the health area of the CES University. Material and Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out in a population of 76 fifth-semester students enrolled in the undergraduate programs of the health area. Results: The frequency of nutrition labeling use was associated with sex (p=0.036), the type of undergraduate program (p<0.001), and knowledge of the function of the nutrition labeling (p=0.000). A good interpretation of the nutrition labeling does not condition the frequency of its use (p=0,095). Additionally, the level of interpretation of the nutritional labeling was not associated with sex, nor the type of undergraduate program. Finally, it was found that the purchase decision was influenced by custom (p=0.018) and advertising (p=0,008), and not by the interpretation of the nutrition labeling. Conclusions: Although the use of nutrition labeling is more frequent among women, among students of Nutrition and Dietetics, and among those who are aware of the role of nutrition labeling, the purchase decision is not influenced by its interpretation.

Avaliação das informações nutricionais dos rótulos dos pães integrais comercializados em hipermercados, atacadistas e supermercados do município de Taubaté-SP / Evaluation of nutritional information on the labels of whole bread breads sold in hypermarkets, whole- salers and supermarkets in the municipality of Taubaté/SP

Objetivo -­ Avaliar as informações nutricionais dos rótulos dos pães integrais comercializados em hipermercados, atacadistas e super- mercados do município de Taubaté/SP. Métodos ­ O método de procedimento empregado foi uma pesquisa de observação de forma a se obter dados relacionados a informações nutricionais dos rótulos dos pães integrais quanto a quantidade de fibras e sódio em porção de 50g e a denominação "integral" no rótulo, bem como o percentual de ingredientes integrais, diante das RDCs nº 54; nº 90, nº 259 e nº 360. Resultados ­ Foram encontrados 36 rótulos de 7 marcas diferentes de pães integrais. Todos os pães continham a farinha de trigo integral como o primeiro ingrediente na lista de composição, 50% apresentavam na composição além da farinha de trigo integral a farinha enriquecida ou fortificada com ferro e ácido fólico. Quanto ao percentual de farinhas e grãos de cereais integrais, observou-se inconfor- midade à RDC nº 90 em 58,3%, quanto ao sódio, observou-se que 86% das amostras possuem valores acima da atribuição "baixo teor" de sódio representando quantidade maiores que 80mg de sódio por porção. Conclusão ­ Das 36 versões de pães integrais, 5 se enquadram em todos os requisitos. 100% dos pães avaliados estão adequados quanto à obrigatoriedade de declarar as informações das quantidades do valor energético dos nutrientes, avaliados. Ressalva-se a importância de fiscalização e de novas legislações que determinem valores pradronizados de sódio e % de ingredientes à base de farinhas integrais para que fique claro ao consumidor no momento da escolha

Objective ­ To evaluate the nutritional information on the labels of wholegrain breads sold in hypermarkets, wholesalers and super- markets in the city of Taubaté/SP. Methods ­ The method of procedure was an observational survey in order to obtain data related to nutritional information on the labels of wholegrain breads regarding the amount of fiber and sodium in a 50g serving and the name "whole" on the label, as well as the percentage of whole ingredients, in view of RDCs nº 54; Nº 90, Nº 259 and Nº 360. Results ­ 36 labels of 7 different brands of whole-grain bread were found. All breads had whole wheat flour as the first ingredient in the composition list, 50% had flour enriched or fortified with iron and folic acid in the composition, in addition to whole wheat flour. As for the per- centage of whole grain flours and grains, non-compliance with RDC Nº 90 was observed in 58.3%, as for sodium, it was observed that 86% of the samples have values above the assignment "low content" of sodium representing quantity greater than 80mg of sodium per serving. Conclusion ­ Of the 36 versions of wholegrain breads, 5 meet all requirements. 100% of the evaluated breads are adequate in terms of the obligation to declare information on the amounts of energy value of the evaluated nutrients. We emphasize the impor- tance of inspection and new legislation that determine standardized values of sodium and % of ingredients based on wholemeal flours so that it is clear to the consumer at the time of choice

Choice and consumption of animal or plant-based protein: Controlling experimentally and statistically for sensory stimulus aspects and food choice factors.

Everyday consumer food choices are influenced by a variety of interacting biological, situational, economical, and psychological factors [1], [2], [3], [4]. The choice between animal-based and plant-based protein has implications for overall and cause-specific mortality and cardiometabolic health (e.g. [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]). During laboratory experiments that are designed to better understand factors that influence protein choice specifically, controlling for the sensory aspects of stimuli, health information, consumers' physical characteristics, and dietary preferences is crucial. To illustrate the point, if a choice task included two stimuli, brown rice with tofu and steak with fries for example, a variety of factors, such as visual appeal and hedonic attributes could influence protein choice and dilute the effect of the experimental manipulation. This article provides a template for a generic experiment to measure participant choice among salt-cured jerky protein sources (e.g. beef, salmon, soy, textured vegetable protein, turkey, tuna) and consumed amounts. Using jerky products as stimuli minimizes variance in visual appearance, texture, and nutritional values, therefore facilitating the attribution of the experimental factor(s). A list of methods to experimentally and/or statistically control for potential sources of measurement error is provided.•Consumer choice of animal vs. plant-based protein has implications for individual and environmental health.•The methods can be used to customize experiments in consumer behavior research, psychology, and nutrition sciences.•Food choice is influenced by a variety of factors; experimentally and/or statistically controlling for major sources of measurement error increases confidence in the effect of the manipulated variable.

Informação nutricional em restaurantes: um estudo de compreensão de pictogramas / Nutritional information in restaurants: a study of pictogram comprehension

A informação nutricional em serviços de alimentação se mostra relevante para as escolhas alimentares, além de ser uma forma de respeitar o direito a escolha do consumidor. Contudo, é necessário que essa seja facilmente compreendida pelos comensais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é propor um modelo pictórico de informação nutricional, que alerte para presença de glúten, leite, ovo e carne em Restaurantes Universitários de uma instituição pública a partir da percepção dos consumidores e do conhecimento da nutrição e do design de informação. A pesquisa quali-quantitativa, com delineamento transversal e caráter exploratório, foi realizada em Curitiba, Paraná, com graduandos adultos de uma instituição pública. Por meio de um questionário autorrespondido, foram avaliadas a compreensão de pictogramas com e sem rótulo que representassem a presença de glúten, leite, carne e ovo, a relevância das informações apresentadas e a preferência do local da disponibilização da informação nutricional. Participaram 131 consumidores com idade média de 21,3 ± 2,6 anos, sendo 73,3% do sexo feminino. Observou-se boa percepção dos pictogramas propostos, sendo melhor compreendidos aqueles com rótulos, que representavam "contém ovo" e "contém carne". Em relação a presença de leite, o pictograma da garrafa foi o mais aceito. O local de preferência para a visualização da informação foi no buffet, havendo interesse, principalmente, no nome da preparação e na lista de ingredientes. Os modelos de pictogramas propostos se mostraram adequados conforme os consumidores, atingindo o objetivo do estudo, contribuindo para que as informações sejam facilmente compreendidas, e favorecendo o direito de escolha dos consumidores.

Nutritional information in food services is relevant to food choices, in addition to being a way of respecting the consumer's right to choose. However, it is necessary that this information to be easily understood by the diners. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a pictorial model of nutritional information, which warns of the presence of gluten, milk, eggs, and meat in a public university restaurant based on the perception of consumers and the knowledge of nutrition and the information design. The quali-quantitative study, with a cross-sectional design and exploratory character, was carried out in Curitiba, Paraná, with adult students from a public institution. Through a self-answered questionnaire, the comprehension of pictograms with and without a label that represented the presence of gluten, milk, meat, and egg, the relevance of the information presented, and the preference of the place where the nutritional information was made available were evaluated. 131 consumers participated with an average age of 21.3 ± 2.6 years, 73.3% of whom were female. A good perception of the proposed pictograms was observed, and was better understood with labels, which represented "contains egg" and "contains meat". Regarding the presence of milk, the bottle pictogram was the most accepted. The preferred location for viewing the information was at the buffet, with interest mainly in the name of the meal and the list of ingredients. The proposed pictograms models were shown to be adequate according to consumers, reaching the objective of the study, making the information easily understood, and favoring the consumers' right to choose.

Comparación de tres modelos de etiquetado nutricional frontal de productos industrializados en Perú, 2019 / Comparison of Three Types of Nutrition Label on Processed Food Packages in Peru, 2019

Resumen Antecedentes: el etiquetado nutricional frontal es una herramienta para orientar la elección del con sumidor hacia una dieta equilibrada y sana. Objetivo: conocer el modelo de etiquetado nutricional frontal que más influye en la identificación de calorías y nutrientes críticos de productos industria lizados en adultos de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental-transversal en el que participaron 384 adultos de ambos sexos distribuidos en cuatro grupos equitativos: sin modelo de etiquetado nutricional, Guía Diaria de Alimentación, etiquetado de advertencia octogonal y Guía Diaria de Alimentación-semáforo. A cada participante se le aplicó un cuestionario con 10 figuras de empaques con el modelo de etiquetado, según el grupo al que correspondían, y 10 preguntas, con un puntaje total de 0 al 20, según el número de respuestas positivas en la identificación de calorías y nutrientes críticos. Resultados: los mayores puntajes totales fueron para los grupos Guía Diaria de Alimentación-semáforo (12,1±3,9) y Guía Diaria de Alimentación (12,1±3,7), con diferencias significativas respecto a los otros dos grupos. También se presentaron diferencias en los puntajes de la identificación de calorías, grasas saturadas y grasa total; los valores más altos fueron para los dos grupos señalados (p<0,05). No se observaron diferencias en la identificación de azúcar y sodio. Conclusiones: los modelos Guía Diaria de Alimentación y Guía Diaria de Alimentación-semáforo son los que más influyen en la identificación de calorías y nutrientes críticos.

Abstract Background: A front-of-package nutrition label is a tool to help guide food selection towards a balanced and healthy diet. Objective: To understand the model of front-of-package nutrition label that most influences the understanding of calories and important nutrients in processed food products in adult participants in Lima, Peru. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental cross-sectional study with 384 participant adults of both sexes. Participants were distributed into four equal groups: no nutritional labeling; daily food guide; stop sign warning labeling; and daily food guide with a traffic light symbol. Each participant was given a questionnaire with 10 pictures of food packaging with the labeling model that corresponded to their randomized group, along with 10 additional questions, for a total of 20 possible questionnaire points. Points were given for correct answers to the 20 questions on the questionnaire, such as identifying correctly the number of calories and/or critical nutrients. Results: The highest total scores were for the daily food guide-traffic light group (12.1 ± 3.9) and daily food guide group (12.1 ± 3.7), with significant differences with respect to the other two groups. There were also differences in the scores of the identification of calories, saturated fat, and total fat; the highest values were for the same two groups indicated above (p <0.05). No differences in food labels were found for the identification of sugars or sodium. Conclusions: The daily food guide and daily food guide-traffic light models most influence the identification of calories and critical nutrients.

Educación nutricional, un desafío en la actualidad venezolana / Nutritional education, a challenge in Venezuela today

La educación nutricional es una herramienta que promueve la creación de hábitos alimentarios saludables para toda la vida. Le permite al individuo recibir un conocimiento sólido para seleccionar, preparar y conservar alimentos de alto valor nutritivo, experimentar con productos alimenticios emergentes y comparar sus experiencias con familiares y otros miembros de la comunidad. La educación nutricional es indispensable para adoptar un estilo de vida saludable y reducir el riesgo tanto de enfermedades crónicas como de aquellas transmitidas por alimentos contaminados. Las redes sociales y la web han representado el vehículo idóneo para multiplicar intervenciones nutricionales de calidad. Con la aparición de la pandemia por la COVID-19 y las medidas de confinamiento reglamentadas, los espacios tradicionalmente utilizados para enseñar e impartir educación nutricional se han inhabilitado, ya que son propicios para la transmisión del agente viral. En Venezuela, la educación nutricional no estaba preparada para migrar repentinamente hacia la modalidad virtual por múltiples razones, entre ellas la conexión a internet, las interrupciones del servicio eléctrico, la disponibilidad de equipos electrónicos y la capacitación digital y tecnológica del profesional del área. En la actualidad la telemedicina ha promovido la transmisión de conocimientos desde la virtualidad para mantener el distanciamiento social, debido a ello la explotación de los espacios institucionales para la información y comunicación de conocimientos en nutrición emerge como una necesidad. Es por esto, que el siguiente artículo pretende examinar algunos elementos y desafíos relacionados con la práctica de la educación nutricional en entornos virtuales(AU)

Nutrition education is a tool that promotes the creation of healthy eating habits for life. It allows the individual to receive a solid knowledge to select, prepare and preserve foods of high nutritional value, to experiment with emerging food products and to compare their experiences with family and other community members. Nutrition education is essential for adopting a healthy lifestyle and reducing the risk of both chronic diseases and those transmitted by contaminated food. Social networks and the web have been the ideal vehicle to multiply quality nutritional interventions. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and regulated containment measures, the spaces traditionally used to teach and provide nutritional education have been disabled, as they are conducive to the transmission of the viral agent. In Venezuela, nutritional education was not prepared for a sudden migration to the virtual mode for multiple reasons, including Internet connection, interruptions in electrical service, availability of electronic equipment, and digital and technological training of the professional in the area. Currently, telemedicine has promoted the transmission of knowledge from the virtual mode to maintain social distance, due to which the exploitation of institutional spaces for information and communication of knowledge in nutrition emerges as a necessity. Therefore, the purpose of the following article is to examine some elements and challenges related to the practice of nutritional education in virtual environments(AU)

Reading the Nutritional Information on Food Labels Among Teachers with and without Hypertension in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: To examine the associations among nutritional label use, medically diagnosed hypertension, and sociodemographic factors among teachers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of elementary and secondary school teachers in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, was conducted. Data regarding sociodemographic variables, hypertension diagnosis, and the reading of nutritional information on food/beverage labels were collected in 2012-2013. Associations were analyzed using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, and multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to adjust for possible confounders; odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and adjusted P values were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 978 teachers interviewed, 15% were diagnosed with hypertension, and 62.5% read nutritional information in the 12 months prior to the survey (41% frequently or always). No differences were found between teachers with and without hypertension with regard to frequent reading (frequently/always) of nutritional labels. The frequent use of nutritional labels was significantly associated with female sex (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.04-1.85) and the highest monthly family income level (OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.07-3.11). Teachers with hypertension reported checking for sodium more frequently than those without (adjusted P value = 0.040). Medical advice (adjusted P value <0.001) and choosing healthier foods (adjusted P value = 0.002) were the major reasons for reading labels provided by teachers with and without hypertension, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Checking for sodium values on nutritional labels was significantly higher among teachers with hypertension, which most likely results from medical advice, and was the major reported reason for reading these labels.

Avaliação do teor de sódio contido em salgadinhos industrializados comercializados em supermercados / Evaluation of the sodium content contained in industrialized salted snacks marketed in supermarkets

Objetivo: Analisar experimentalmente o teor de sódio de sal-gadinhos industrializados disponíveis no comércio da Cidade de Maceió, Alagoas. Material e Métodos: Classificar o teor de sódio de acordo com a legislação vigente. Vinte amostras de salgadinho de milho, trigo e batata, de diferentes sabores foram avaliadas utilizando-se a metodologia de espectrofotometria de emissão com atomização em chama. Resultados: Verificou-se que todas as amostras apresentavam a classificação de "alto teor" de sódio, tendo por base a RDC n° 24 de 2010 da Anvisa e que 65% das amostras apresentaram valores reais do teor de sódio superiores aos que estavam declarados nos rótulos. Conclusão: Com relação ao teor de sódio encontrado nos salgadinhos analisados, verificou-se que todas as amostras apresentaram a classificação de "alto teor" de sódio. (AU)

Objective:The objective of the study was to analyze experi-mentally the sodium content of commercially available savory foods in the city of Maceió, Alagoas,. Method: to classify this content according to the current legislation. Twenty samples of corn flakes, wheat and potato snacks of random flavors were evaluated using the emission spectrophotometry with in-line flame atomization method. Results: It was verified that all The samples presented a sodium "high content" classification, based on Anvisa's RDC nº 24 of 2010 and that it was also observed that 65% of the samples had actual values of sodium content higher than those declared on the labels. Conclusion: Regarding the sodium content found in the analyzed snack foods, it was found that all samples had the classification of "high" sodium. (AU)

Can nutritional information modify purchase of ultra-processed products? Results from a simulated online shopping experiment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of two front-of-pack nutrition information schemes (traffic-light system and Chilean warning system) on consumer purchase of ultra-processed foods in a simulated online grocery store. DESIGN: Following a between-subjects design, participants completed a simulated weekly food purchase in an online grocery store under one of three experimental conditions: (i) a control condition with no nutrition information, (ii) a traffic-light system and (iii) the Chilean warning system. Information about energy (calories), sugar, saturated fats and salt content was included in the nutrition information schemes. SETTING: Participants were recruited from a consumer database and a Facebook advertisement. SUBJECTS: People from Montevideo (Uruguay), aged 18-77 years (n 437; 75 % female), participated in the study. All participants were in charge of food purchase in the household, at least occasionally. RESULTS: No significant differences between experimental conditions were found in the mean share of ultra-processed foods purchased by participants, both in terms of number of products and expenditure, or in the mean energy, sugar, saturated fat and salt content of the purchased items. However, the Chilean warning system decreased intended purchase of sweets and desserts. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this online simulation provided little evidence to suggest that the traffic-light system or the Chilean warning system in isolation could be effective in reducing purchase of ultra-processed foods or improving the nutritional composition of the purchased products.

Nutrition warnings as front-of-pack labels: influence of design features on healthfulness perception and attentional capture.

OBJECTIVE: Warnings are a new directive front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling scheme that highlights products with high content of key nutrients. The design of warnings influences their ability to catch consumers' attention and to clearly communicate their intended meaning, which are key determinants of their effectiveness. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of design features of warnings as a FOP nutrition labelling scheme on perceived healthfulness and attentional capture. DESIGN: Five studies with a total of 496 people were carried out. In the first study, the association of colour and perceived healthfulness was evaluated in an online survey in which participants had to rate their perceived healthfulness of eight colours. In the second study, the influence of colour, shape and textual information on perceived healthfulness was evaluated using choice-conjoint analysis. The third study focused on implicit associations between two design features (shape and colour) on perceived healthfulness. The fourth and fifth studies used visual search to evaluate the influence of colour, size and position of the warnings on attentional capture. RESULTS: Perceived healthfulness was significantly influenced by shape, colour and textual information. Colour was the variable with the largest contribution to perceived healthfulness. Colour, size and position of the warnings on the labels affected attentional capture. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the experiments provide recommendations for the design of warnings to identify products with unfavourable nutrient profile.

Análise da rotulagem nutricional de pães de forma com informação nutricional complementar comercializados no município de Belo Horizonte - MG / Analysis of nutritional label of breads with complementary nutritional information sold in Belo Horizonte ­ MG

A busca da população por alimentos práticos, rápidos e saudáveis tem aumentado a preocupação com a rotulagem nutricional visto que este é o principal veículo de informação ao consumidor sobre as características nutricionais dos alimentos embalados. Este estudo objetivou verificar o índice de conformidades e inconformidades da rotulagem de pães embalados diante das regulamentações vigentes. Para tanto, foi avaliada a rotulagem de 23 pães de forma com informação nutricional complementar disponíveis na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte-MG. As análises foram realizadas através de uma lista de verificação produzida a partir dos requisitos estabelecidos pela legislação sendo classificados como "adequado" ou "inadequado". Os resultados demonstraram que 95% dos rótulos analisados foram classificados como inadequado em algum dos parâmetros avaliados, sendo que 26% dos rótulos foram inadequados no parâmetro "Denominação de venda" e 35% no parâmetro "Tabela de Informação nutricional". O quesito "Informação Nutricional Complementar" obteve o maior número de inadequações concentrando 82,6% da totalidade avaliada. Com base nos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que a falta de entendimento por parte dos fabricantes das leis detentoras da rotulagem nutricional no país entre outros fatores associados, podem explicar as frequentes falhas na rotulagem de alimentos embalados, o que pode ocasionar privação à informação e direito de escolha dos consumidores brasileiros.

The search of the population for fast, healthy and practical foods has increased concern with nutritional labeling, since this is the main vehicle for informing the consum labeling of packaged breads considering the current regulations. The present work evaluated the labeling of 23 breads with complementary nutritional information. The analyzes were carried out through a checklist in which the requirements established by current legislation were used and classified as "satisfactory" or "unsatisfactory". The results showed that 95% of the analyzed labels were classified as unsatisfactory in any of the evaluated parameters, 26% of the labels evaluated were unsatisfactory in the parameter "Sales denomination", 35% in the parameter "Nutrition Information Table" and the " Nutritional Complementary "obtained the greatest number of inadequacies, concentrating 82.6% of the totality evaluated. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the lack of understanding by the manufacturers of the laws that have the nutritional labeling in the country, among other associated factors can explain the frequent failures in the labeling of packaged foods, which can cause deprivation to the information and wrong choice of Brazilian consumers.

Avaliação da rotulagem de ovos comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro ­ RJ / Evaluation of the labeling of eggs marketed in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ

Os ovos são alimentos consumidos em grande escala pela população brasileira. É um alimento nutritivo e de baixo custo, o que viabiliza o seu consumo pela população de baixa renda. Existem legislações que regulamentam a rotulagem dos produtos de origem animal, incluindo os ovos. Os rótulos trazem as informações essenciais dos produtos para que o consumidor saiba o que está sendo adquirido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conformidade da rotulagem de 31 amostras, de 15 marcas diferentes, de ovos in natura comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro ­ RJ perante as legislações vigentes. Somente um rótulo (3,22%) estava em conformidade com todas as legislações vigentes. Este resultado demonstra a falta de fiscalização dos rótulos dos ovos in natura comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro ­ RJ e da falta de comprometimento das indústrias brasileiras com as informações fornecidas nos rótulos dos ovos.

Avaliação da rotulagem de ovos comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro - RJ

Os ovos são alimentos consumidos em grande escala pela população brasileira. É um alimento nutritivo e de baixo custo, o que viabiliza o seu consumo pela população de baixa renda. Existem legislações que regulamentam a rotulagem dos produtos de origem animal, incluindo os ovos. Os rótulos trazem as informações essenciais dos produtos para que o consumidor saiba o que está sendo adquirido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conformidade da rotulagem de 31 amostras, de 15 marcas diferentes, de ovos in natura comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro - RJ perante as legislações vigentes. Somente um rótulo (3,22%) estava em conformidade com todas as legislações vigentes. Este resultado demonstra a falta de fiscalização dos rótulos dos ovos in natura comercializados no município do Rio de Janeiro - RJ e da falta de comprometimento das indústrias brasileiras com as informações fornecidas nos rótulos dos ovos. (AU)

Eggs are food consumed on a large scale by the Brazilian population. It is a nutritious and inexpensive food, which enables its consumption by low-income population. There are laws which regulate the labeling of products of animal origin, including eggs. The labels bring the essential information of the products so that consumers know what is being purchased. The objective of this study was to evaluate the compliance of the labeling of 31 samples of 15 different brands of eggs in nature sold in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ according to the current legislation. Only one label (3.22%) was in compliance with all current laws. This result demonstrates the deficiency inspection of eggs labels in nature sold in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ and the absence of the Brazilian industries with the information provided on the eggs labels. (AU)

Influence of cognitive style on information processing and selection of yogurt labels: Insights from an eye-tracking study.

Cognitive styles are characteristic and stable ways in which people acquire, organize and use information for solving problems and making decisions. Field dependence/independence is one of the most studied cognitive styles. Field independent subjects are characterized by having less difficulty in separating information from its contextual surroundings and being less likely to be influenced by external cues than field dependent individuals. The present work aimed at studying the influence of field dependence/independence cognitive style on consumers' visual processing and choice of yogurt labels. One hundred and thirty three consumers completed a choice conjoint task. They were asked to select their preferred yogurt label from each of 16 pairs of labels. While they completed the task their eye movements were recorded using an eye-tracker. Then, consumers were asked to complete the Group Embedded Figure Test to determine their cognitive style. Consumers were divided into two groups with different cognitive styles: 58% of the sample was characterized as field dependent and 42% as field independent. When making their choices, field dependent consumers tended to engage in less thoughtful information processing than field independent consumers and they made fewer fixations on traditional nutritional information. Besides, cognitive style significantly affected the relative importance of fat and sugar content on consumer choices and modulated the influence of the traffic light system. Field dependent consumers gave less importance to the nutritional composition of the yogurts than field independent consumers for selecting their preferred label. Results from this work suggest that studying the psychological underpinnings of consumers' decision making process when selecting food products has a great potential to contribute to a better understanding of how eating patterns and consumer preferences are shaped.

Centesimal composition of traditional yoghurts and drinking yoghurts: inconsistency with the descriptions on the labels / Composição centesimal de iogurtes tradicionais e iogurtes líquidos: incompatibilidade com as descrições da rotulagem

This study aimed at analyzing the centesimal composition of traditional yoghurt and drinking yoghurts of different brands, and to evaluate the reliability of them by comparing with the information declared on the nutrition facts labels. The included methodological procedures were the determination of moisture, protein, total fat, carbohydrates, dietary fiber and ashes. The protein contents were in accordance with the information declared on the labels. Concerning to lipids, all of the traditional yoghurt samples showed analytical values higher than those declared on the labels. Among the liquid yoghurts, four samples showed discrepancy regarding to the lipid contents, and no nutritional information related to this macronutrient was provided in one sample label. Accordingly to these findings, it is emphasized the importance of improving the technological process, as the accuracy of the information declared in the nutritional label should be guaranteed to the consumers and to the health professionals as dietitians.(AU)

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a composição centesimal de iogurtes tradicionais e de iogurtes líquidos de diferentes marcas, e avaliar a fidedignidade desta por meio de comparação com as informações declaradas no rótulo nutricional. Os principais procedimentos metodológicos utilizados incluíram a determinação dos teores de umidade, proteínas, lipídios totais, carboidratos, fibra alimentar total e cinzas. Os teores proteicos apresentaram-se em concordância com as informações declaradas nos rótulos. Em relação aos lipídios, todas as amostras de iogurtes tradicionais demonstraram valores analíticos superiores àqueles declarados nos rótulos. Quanto aos iogurtes líquidos, quatro amostras estavam com discrepância em relação ao teor lipídico e uma amostra não apresentou informação nutricional referente a este macronutriente. Pelo exposto, destaca-se a importância da melhoria dos processos tecnológicos, pois a qualidade das informações expressas nos rótulos dos iogurtes é imprescindível para o consumidor e para os profissionais de saúde como os nutricionistas.(AU)

Barra de cereal salgada: avaliação nutricional e análise sensorial / Cereal bar nutritional evaluation and sensory analysis

o mercado de barra de cereais tem aumentado devido, principalmente, à tendência do consumo de alimentos saudáveis. Sendo, em geral, doces podem não agradar o paladar de pessoas que preferem salgado. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve o objetivo de elaborar uma barra de cereal salgada para atender essa parcela da população, que pode também ter benefícios nutricionais e de praticidade. Foram elaboradas duas barras de cereais salgadas, modificando o ingrediente responsável pela liga do produto (kombu ou colágeno hidrolisado). As barras foram analisadas sensorialmente por 60 julgadores não treinados por meio do teste de aceitação por escala hedônica de nove pontos. Em relação à composição nutricional a barra produzida com colágeno hidrolisado apresenta um valor calórico 6,5% a mais que a barra com kombu. Conclui-se que comparadas com os valores médios de barras de cereal convencionais, as barras de cereais salgadas apresentam valor calórico e teor de gordura total semelhantes, porém com maiores teores de proteínas e sódio, menor teor de fibra, gordura saturada e carboidratos. (AU)

The cereal bar market has increased, mainly due to the trend of consumption of healthy food; in general they are sweet and the taste may not please people who prefer salty. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a salty cereal bar to attend this population that may also have nutritional benefits and practicality. Were prepared two savory cereal bars, changing the ingredient responsible for connecting the product (hydrolyzed collagen or kombu). The bars were sensorially evaluated by 60 untrained panelists through the acceptance nine-point hedonic scale test. Regarding the nutritional composition of the bar produced with hydrolyzed collagen, it has a caloric value of 6.5% more than the bar with kombu. We conclude that compared with the average values of conventional cereal bars, salty cereal bars have calories and total fat content similar, but with high protein and sodium and lower in fiber and saturatedfat. (AU)

Avaliação da adequação de rotulagem de alimentos embalados / Evaluating the appropriateness of food labeling

No rótulo do alimento embalado é necessária a declaração da denominação de venda, a lista de ingredientes, conteúdo líquido, identificação de origem, do lote, prazo de validade, instruções sobre preparo e uso. Os consumidores buscam na rotulagem as informações que necessitam sobre os alimentos. A tabela de informação nutricional deve, obrigatoriamente, constar no rótulo. Diversas resoluções foram publicadas, recentemente, indicando os aditivos aprovados para cada categoria de alimentos, bem como os limites máximos de uso, de acordo com as boas práticas de fabricação. Este artigo avaliou cinco marcas de seis categorias de produtos: chocolate branco, doce cremoso de figo, salgadinho de batata, biscoito água e sal, maionese e massa sêmola em relação a adequação das informações contidas nos rótulos. Todos os produtos avaliados tinham a declaração do lote, da presença ou ausência de glúten e a informação nutricional constava em forma de tabela, estando adequada à Resolução 360, de 2003. Em 50% das categorias avaliadas observou-se inadequação na lista de ingredientes e nos aditivos declarados, tendo-se constatado que aditivos não eram apresentados após os ingredientes, em alguns casos a classificação do aditivo foi omitida e haviam aditivos declarados, classificados de forma incorreta ou não aprovados para a categoria do produto avaliado. O endereço não constava de forma completa, pela falta do CEP em 23,3% dos produtos inspecionados. Em apenas um produto não constava a medida caseira na informação nutricional. O peso de todos os produtos estava em destaque no painel principal. [...] (AU)

The label of packaged food is necessary to the statement of trade name, list of ingredients, net content, origin identification, batch, expiration date, instructions for preparation and use of food. Consumers seek to label the information they need about the food. The nutrition facts table must necessarily be part of the food label. Several resolutions were published recently indicating the approved additives for each food category, as we// as the maximum use, in accordance with good manufacturing practices. This article evaluated five brands of six product categories: white chocolate, sweet creamy fig, potato crisps, biscuit and salt water, mayonnaise and pasta mea/ when the adequacy of the information contained in the labels. Ali products had the statement batch, the presence or absence of gluten and nutritional information contained in tabular form, with the appropriate Resolution 360, 2003. In 50% of categories evaluated inadequacy was noted in the list of ingredients and additives reported, and it was found that no additives were introduced after the ingredients in some cases the classification of the additive had been admitted additives and reported, started improperly or not approved for the product category evaluated. The address was not in full form, the lack of CEP in 23.3% of the products inspected In just a product not an the household measure in the ingredients list. The weight of all products was highlighted in the main panel. (AU)