Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Community Medicine Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review.

Community medicine is yet to become a popular discipline as a choice for postgraduation and career among medical students in India. Our objective is to find the proportion of students opting for community medicine as a choice for a career. We also aim to find out the perceptions and attitudes of medical students about the subject of community medicine. Our inclusion criteria encompassed studies of any design, written or translated into the English language, and published from their inception up to the last date of our search, which was 15th August 2023. Our comprehensive search covered prominent databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, as well as an extensive screening of the first 10 pages of Google Scholar and Google. The risk of bias in the studies was evaluated by using the quality assessment tools recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies. In the initial search, 2069 articles were identified, with 1109 duplicates removed. The remaining 960 articles underwent title and abstract screening, leading to the exclusion of 931 articles. After applying eligibility criteria and reviewing the full text of 29 articles, seven studies were excluded. Ultimately, 22 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. Among the total of 5106 students, 1032 students expressed a willingness to choose community medicine as their career. The pooled estimate, derived through a random effects model, was 0.21, with a 95% CI of 0.14 to 0.27. Studies conducted in India revealed a willingness of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.13- 0.33), whereas studies conducted outside India reported a lower proportion of 0.17 (0.14-0.24). When considering the year of study, a combined willingness of 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00-0.03) was observed among first and second-year students, contrasting with a higher proportion of 0.18 (95% CI: 0.04-0.32) among third-year students. Fourth-year students and interns demonstrated a willingness of 0.03 (95% CI: 0.00-0.06). The factors for disliking the subject included the perceived absence of clinical engagements, concerns about financial rewards, limited prospects for recognition and fame, etc. By actively engaging in the solution of these challenges, medical educators and policymakers can contribute to the vitalization of community medicine as a coveted and attractive specialty.

Rural medical workforce pathways: exploring the importance of postgraduation rural training time.

BACKGROUND: Inadequate distribution of the medical workforce in rural regions remains a key global challenge. Evidence of the importance of postgraduation (after medical school) rural immersion time and subsequent rural practice, particularly after accounting for other key factors, remains limited. This study investigated the combined impact of three key training pathway factors: (1) rural background, (2) medical school rural immersion, and (3) postgraduation rural immersion, and duration time of each immersion factor on working rurally. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional national survey and a single university survey of Australian doctors who graduated between 2000 to 2018, were utilised. Key pathway factors were similarly measured. Postgraduation rural training time was both broad (first 10 years after medical school, national study) and specific (prevocational period, single university). This was firstly tested as the dependent variable (stage 1), then matched against rural practice (stage 2) amongst consultant doctors (national study, n = 1651) or vocational training doctors with consultants (single university, n = 478). RESULTS: Stage 1 modelling found rural background, > 1 year medical school rural training, being rural bonded, male and later choosing general practice were associated with spending a higher proportion (> 40%) of their postgraduation training time in a rural location. Stage 2 modelling revealed the dominant impact of postgraduation rural time on subsequent rural work for both General Practitioners (GPs) (OR 45, 95% CI 24 to 84) and other specialists (OR 11, 95% CI 5-22) based on the national dataset. Similar trends for both GPs (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.6-9.1) and other specialists (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-6.4) were observed based on prevocational time only (single university). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new evidence of the importance of postgraduation rural training time on subsequent rural practice, after accounting for key factors across the entire training pathway. It highlights that developing rural doctors aligns with two distinct career periods; stage 1-up to completing medical school; stage 2-after medical school. This evidence supports the need for strengthened rural training pathways after medical school, given its strong association with longer-term decisions to work rurally.

Utilization of three-dimensional framework theory in identifying the motivational factors for selecting a postgraduate dental specialty-A pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Three-dimensional framework theory classifies factors influencing career selection into intrinsic, extrinsic, and interpersonal dimensions. The objectives of this pilot research were to assess the psychometric properties of a scale encompassing factors affecting post-graduation specialty selection according to three-dimensional framework theory and identify motivational factors that affect dental students' and interns' choice of post-graduation specialty. METHODOLOGY: A closed-ended self-structured research instrument consisting of a list of 19 factors was presented to dental students and dental interns at Margalla Dental College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan (n = 235). Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach-alpha (α) were used to assess the construct validity and reliability (internal consistency) of the scale respectively. Descriptive analysis and non-parametric tests were used for data analysis with a level of significance at ≤0.05. RESULTS: A 3-factor solution with 11 items was stabilized. Cronbach-alpha of the pilot study turned out to be 0.72. With a response rate of 92.15%, the most common motivational factor affecting post-graduation specialty selection was the Intrinsic factor "personnel joy and motivation to work hard." Dental interns and male participants were more likely to select the post-graduation specialty due to intrinsic motivational factors (p < 0.05). Inspiration from the family member and supporting the family also influenced male participants and interns respectively (p < 0.05). Female participants preferred to choose a less saturated field (p < 0.05). A medium positive statistically significant correlation was observed between the interpersonal motivational factor "inspiration by a teacher" and the choice of "basic sciences" as a post-graduation specialty (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This pilot study resulted in the development of a scale with a 3-factor solution stabilized at 11 items. The internal consistency of the scale turned out to be 0.72. Oral and maxillofacial surgery was the first choice of post-graduation chosen by 35.5% of the respondents. Fellowship was chosen as the preferred type of post-graduation by 46% of the respondents. Irrespective of gender and designation, the top most influential factor, chosen by 88.5% of the respondents, was the intrinsic motivational factor "personal joy and motivation to work hard."

Preferências de carreira entre graduandos de medicina no sudoeste da Nigéria / Career preferences of final-year medical students in south-west Nigeria

Resumo Estudantes de medicina possuem diferentes opções de trajetórias acadêmicas ou profissionais após a graduação. Este estudo busca determinar as preferências de carreira entre graduandos de medicina e os fatores que contribuem para tal decisão. Pesquisa descritiva e transversal foi realizada com graduandos de medicina da Afe Babalola University, localizada em Ekiti State, Nigéria. Dados foram coletados por um questionário bem estruturado e analisados usando SPSS versão 21.0. A estatística descritiva inclui tabelas de frequência, gráficos, médias e desvios padrão. Um total de 100 graduandos participaram do estudo, dos quais 29 (29,0%) homens e 71 (71,0%) mulheres, com relação homem/mulher de 0,4 para 1. A faixa etária dos participantes foi de 21 a 30 anos, com média (±SD) de 23,5 (±1,4). Do total de participantes, 72% planejavam ingressar na pós-graduação após a faculdade de medicina, a maioria no Reino Unido, sendo o mestrado em Saúde Pública a qualificação de maior interesse. Da mesma forma, 76% dos entrevistados planejavam buscar uma bolsa de pós-graduação após a faculdade, também em sua maioria no Reino Unido. A especialidade mais procurada é Obstetrícia e Ginecologia (43%), seguida por Cirurgia (40%), Medicina de Família (34%), Medicina Comunitária (33%), Pediatria (25%) e Medicina Interna (23%), enquanto a especialidade menos procurada é Patologia Química (28%), seguida por Microbiologia Médica (27%) e Anatomia Mórbida (24%). O principal fator considerado para esta escolha é o interesse pessoal pela especialidade, seguido por perspectivas financeiras, estilo de vida confortável e horário de trabalho flexível. Mestrado em Saúde Pública e especialização em Obstetrícia e Ginecologia são as carreiras mais buscadas por graduandos de medicina, escolha majoritariamente pautada em seus interesses pessoais.

Abstract Medical students have many different options of academic and professional undertakings after graduation. The aim of this study is to determine the career preferences of students in their final year of medical school and to determine the factors that contributed for such decision. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving the final-year medical students of Afe Babalola University, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive statistics included frequency tables, charts, means and standard deviations. A total number of 100 final-year medical students participated in the study, out of which 29 (29.0%) were males and 71 (71.0%) were females, with a male to female ratio of 0.4 to 1. The age range of the respondents was 21 to 30 years, with a mean(±SD) of 23.5(±1.4). 72% of the respondents planned to pursue a postgraduate academic qualification after graduating from medical school, mostly in the United Kingdom, and a Master of Public Health was the most sought qualification. Similarly, 76% of the respondents planned to pursue a postgraduate medical fellowship after medical school, also mostly in the United Kingdom. The specialty most sought-after is Obstetrics and Gynaecology (43%), followed by Surgery (40%), Family Medicine (34%), Community Medicine (33%), Paediatrics (25%), and Internal Medicine (23%) while the least sought-after specialty is Chemical pathology (28%), followed by Medical Microbiology (27%) and Morbid Anatomy (24%). The most important factor considered by the respondents in choosing a particular specialty is their personal interest in that specialty, followed by financial prospects, comfortable lifestyle, and flexible working hours. Master of Public Health degree and postgraduate fellowship in Obstetrics and Gynaecology specialty are the career preferences for most of the final-year medical students in this study, and this is largely informed by their personal interest in these fields.

Clinical pharmacologist from the eyes of a clinical pharmacologist: a questionnaire-based survey.

INTRODUCTION: Management of a clinical condition is patient centric. Interdisciplinary coordination plays an influential role in patient management. Pharmacology deals with the study of drugs. Clinical pharmacology deals with applied aspects of pharmacology in addition to clinical research. METHODOLOGY: We set up a survey to assess the perceptions of clinical pharmacologists (CPs) regarding their roles and about clinical pharmacology courses in India. The survey was administered via a Google questionnaire sent via LinkedIn, Email, or WhatsApp to 100 CP's working in India. RESULTS: Respondents to the questionnaire were working as CPs. They were either postgraduate in pharmacology (MD pharmacology (doctor of medicine in pharmacology) 60.2%) or had a super-specialization degree in clinical pharmacology (DM clinical pharmacology (doctorate in medicine in clinical pharmacology) (34.7%)) or other pharma postgraduates. They were working in pharmaceutical companies (41.8%), hospitals (26.5%), or academic institutions (30.6%). When the responses from the respondents were stratified by qualification or experience, they showed that most of the CPs felt that the CPs played a significant role in academia, pharmaceutical organizations, hospitals, and drug regulatory bodies. CONCLUSIONS: All the CPs opined that training during the postgraduation course was not sufficient to be qualified as CP. There was no consensus among the CPs on the benefit of existing certification courses in clinical research. However, they felt that the centres offering these courses should be accredited, and the curriculum should be uniform. Respondents opined that CPs' patient management role could be improved by collaborating with clinicians and organizing workshops and conferences.

Can medical residency keep young specialists in the place where they graduate? Cross-sectional and exploratory study of the first seven years after implementation of medical residency programs in the State of Tocantins, Brazil

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: New medical schools and new medical residencies in Brazil, mainly in its interior, were opened under the justification of collaborating towards distribution of these healthcare professionals and specialist doctors across the national territory. However, this proposal did not guarantee that medical practitioners would become established in the place where they graduated and specialized. OBJECTIVE: To calculate, through interviews, how many specialists who graduated in the state of Tocantins stayed there after finishing their medical residency; and to analyze the factors that made them stay or leave the place. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional exploratory study conducted at a Brazilian federal public higher education institution. METHODS: All graduates from medical residencies in Tocantins, who graduated between 2013 and 2019, were contacted by telephone and, after obtaining consent, an interview was conducted. The interviews took place between June 2020 and January 2021. RESULTS: The permanence of medical residency graduates in the state increased from 50% in an earlier study to 55.8% in the current study, thus showing a situation of stability. In addition, we detected some reasons for staying or not. In a multivariate analysis, only working in the state capital was related to staying in the state of Tocantins, showing a 5.6 times greater chance. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of those who remained was just over 50%, even some years after implementation of the first programs. Most specialists remained working for the state health department, with a smaller proportion in municipal health departments, and were concentrated in the state capital.

[Clinical Training of Pharmacists after Licensure and Career Paths in Medical Institutions].

In order to provide safe and effective pharmaceutical care to patients and their family members in clinical practice, pharmacists should receive appropriate clinical training after obtaining their license, as is standard in other medical professions. At present, there is no national framework in Japan for the early clinical training of pharmacists after licensure. However, pharmacy residency programs have been autonomously developed and implemented at some university hospitals and other medical institutions. This article describes the current status of clinical training of pharmacists after licensure in Japan. Furthermore, the standards for pharmacy residency programs, the outline of a core program for clinical training, and the career paths of hospital pharmacists after training are discussed.

Perfil de egressos de um programa de pós-graduação em distúrbios da comunicação / Profile of alumni from a post-graduation program in communication disorders / Perfil de egresados de un programa de posgrado en trastornos de la comunicación

Introdução: A avaliação de alunos egressos pela CAPES é parte de um dos eixos de avaliação dos programas de pós-graduação. Investigar a formação e atuação dos egressos de um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação e desenvolver uma forma contínua de acompanhá-los poderá contribuir para uma melhor avaliação dos Programas. Objetivos: investigar o perfil do egresso de um programa de pós-graduação em distúrbios da comunicação e analisar a associação entre as áreas de formação, atuação e publicações. Método: estudo prospectivo realizado a partir das respostas do questionário eletrônico enviado por e-mail aos alunos egressos que concluíram o Mestrado, Doutorado e/ou Pós-Doutorado, no período de 2009 a 2018, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana da UNIFESP. Resultados: a maioria dos egressos é do sexo feminino (97,3%) e predominam os egressos de origem do Estado de São Paulo (72%). 87,3% publicaram pelo menos 1 artigo em revista científica. 45,4% atuam na área de ensino, e, considerando os egressos do doutorado e do pós-doutorado, a maioria atua nas áreas de ensino (70,3% e 80%) e 85,4% atuam na área clínica. Conclusão: Os egressos são em sua maioria mulheres, oriundas do estado de São Paulo e publicaram artigos em revistas científicas e atuam profissionalmente na clínica. Quanto aos titulados doutores e que realizaram pós-doutorado, a maioria está inserida na área de ensino e pesquisa.

Introduction: The evaluation of alumni by CAPES is part of one of the evaluation axes of post-graduate programs. Investigate the field of study and work of alumni of a Post-Graduation Program in Communication Disorders and developing a continuous way of accompanying them may contribute to a better evaluation of them. Objectives: investigate the profile of the alumni of a Post-Graduation Program in Communication Disorders and analyze the association between field of study, work and publications. Method: This is a prospective study based on the answers to an electronically sent questionnaire by individuals who had concluded their Master's, Doctorate and/or Post-Doctorate in Human Communication Disorders at UNIFESP Post-Graduation Program in the 2009-2018 period. Results: Most of the former students were women (97,3%) and most (72%) were from the State of São Paulo. 87,3% published at least one article in scientific journals. 45,4% teach and regarding those who concluded their doctorate and post-doctorate, most teach (70,3% and 80%) and 85,4% work as clinicians. Conclusion: The alumni most are young female adults from São Paulo state. Most had published articles in scientific journals. The alumni work as clinicians and most of the Doctorate and Post-Doctorate teach and do research.

Introducción: La evaluación de egresados por CAPES forma parte de uno de los ejes de evaluación de los programas de posgrado. Investigar el campo de estudio y trabajo de los egresados de un Programa de Posgrado en Transtornos de la Comunicación y desarrollar una forma continua de acompañarlos puede contribuir a una mejor evaluación de los mismos. Objetivos: Investigar el perfil de los egresados de un Programa de Posgrado en Transtornos de la Comunicación y analizar la asociación entre campo de estudio, trabajo y publicaciones. Método: Se trata de un estudio prospectivo basado en las respuestas a un cuestionario enviado electrónicamente por personas que habían finalizado su Maestría, Doctorado y / o Postdoctorado en Trastornos de la Comunicación Humana en el Programa de Posgrado de la UNIFESP en el período 2009-2018. Resultados: La mayoría de los egresados eran mujeres (97,3%) y la mayoría (72%) eran del Estado de São Paulo. El 87,3% publicó al menos un artículo en revistas científicas. El 45,4% enseña y de los que concluyeron su doctorado y posdoctorado, la mayoría enseña (70,3% y 80%) y el 85,4% trabaja como clínicos. Conclusión: La mayoría de los egresados son mujeres jóvenes del estado de São Paulo. La mayoría había publicado artículos en revistas científicas. Los egresados trabajan como clínicos y la mayoría de los doctores y posdoctorados enseñan e investigan.

Orthopedic Residency in a Tertiary Care Hospital of India: Positives, Negatives and Perspectives for Change.

BACKGROUND: Orthopaedic residency training is a 3-year period of preparation that converts a raw medical student into a proficient orthopaedic surgeon. Due to wide variations at different centers in India, the program in a tertiary hospital is presented, in an attempt to improve the overall levels of training. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PGIMER has produced many good surgeons who are well settled across the country and the world. A survey of the postgraduates of the last 30 years was done to highlight the perceptions about the program. An overview of the program was also added to the narrative to highlight the positive aspects of the training. RESULTS: 132 Orthopaedic passed-out residents from PGIMER could be contacted. 97% of them rated their residency experience as excellent or good, and stated that they would recommend this program to new residents. Key points highlighted by them were the readiness of trainees for any surgical contingency after graduation, continuation of the mindset for research, and their prompt acceptability into their subsequent places of work due to their place of graduation. DISCUSSION: Converting an orthopaedic resident into a competent surgeon involves knowledge upgrades and impartation of skills; these are not limited to the theory of orthopaedics, but involve the thought processes and the planning as a surgeon, the attitude towards patient management, and a continuously inquisitive scientific mind. The shortcomings and strengths of the residency program in PGIMER are discussed; international standard methodology limited to this institute like formal log books, mentorship program, hands-on skill development through courses, etc. is something that is recommended to be mandatory in all residency programs. CONCLUSION: The PGIMER Orthopaedic residency program could act as a basic model for other Indian medical schools, with any appropriate modifications. Standardization of Orthopaedic residency programs could allow upgrading to International levels.

Burnout: The Resident Evil - Perspectives from the Horses' Mouth!

Burn-out is a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. It is characterized by three dimensions- (1) feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion, (2) increased mental distance from one's job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to one's job and (3) reduced professional efficacy. Any profession where a certain amount of emotional work and empathy are expected renders a person vulnerable to being burned out. Resident doctors, who play the role of a primary care-giver and spend a great deal of time with patients, are most prone to suffer. However, early identification and necessary intervention would go a long way in making the three formative years of a doctor's life more worthwhile.

Linha de pesquisa "história e memória do lazer" do programa de pós-graduação interdisciplinar em estudos do lazer da UFMG produção e análise / Line of research "history and memory of the leisure" of interdisciplinary post-graduation program in leisure studies of UFMG: production and analysis

Este estudo propõe uma análise da produção vinculada à linha de pesquisa "Memória e História do Lazer" do Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer (PPGIEL) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). A partir da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2009) foram investigadas as teses e dissertações defendidas entre 2009 e 2017. O estudo apontou que nos 32 trabalhos examinados, o primeiro quartel do século XXI e a cidade de Belo Horizonte são, nessa ordem, o período e a localidade mais pesquisados. A dimensão física do Lazer é preponderante e os professores Victor Melo e Helder Isayama se destacam respectivamente pelo número de trabalhos orientados e participação em bancas de defesa. O ano de 2017 surge como o ápice da produção do programa. O "estado da arte" apontado poderá auxiliar pesquisas históricas desenvolvidas no campo do Lazer, potencializando questionamentos e reflexões.

This study proposes an analysis of the production linked to the research line "Memory and Leisure History" of the Interdisciplinary Post-Graduation Program in Leisure Studies (PPGIEL) of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). From the analysis of content proposed by Bardin (2009) the theses and dissertations defended between 2009 and 2017 were investigated. The study pointed out that in the 32 papers examined, the first quarter of the 21st century and the city of Belo Horizonte are, in that order, the most searched period and location. The physical dimension of Leisure is preponderant and Professors Victor Melo and Helder Isayama stand out respectively for the number of jobs oriented and participation in defense stalls. The year 2017 emerges as the apex of the program's production. The pointed state of the art may help historical research developed in the field of Leisure, enhancing questions and reflections.

The impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on ophthalmology training programs in India - Outcomes of a survey.

Purpose: In 2020, in response to the emergence and global spread of the disease COVID-19, caused by a new variant of coronavirus 2019-nCoV, the government of India ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, which was then extended to a total of over 50 days. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the lockdown on ophthalmic training programs across India. Methods: An online survey was sent across to trainee ophthalmologists across India through various social media platforms. Results: In all, 716 trainees responded; the average age was 29.1 years. Results showed that majority of the respondents were enrolled in residency programs (95.6%; 685/716) and the others were in fellowship programs. About 24.6% (176/716) of the trainees had been deployed on 'COVID-19 screening' duties. Nearly 80.7% (578/716) of the trainees felt that the COVID-19 lockdown had negatively impacted their surgical training. Furthermore, 54.8% (392/716) of the trainees perceived an increase in stress levels during the COVID-19 lockdown and 77.4% (554/716) reported that their family members had expressed an increased concern for their safety and wellbeing since the lockdown began. In all, 75.7% (542/716) of the respondents felt that online classes and webinars were useful during the lockdown period. Conclusion: Our survey showed that majority ophthalmology trainees across the country felt that the COVID-19 lockdown adversely affected their learning, especially surgical training. While most found online classes and webinars useful, the trainees' perceived stress levels were higher than normal during the lockdown. Training hospitals should take cognizance of this and reassure trainees; formulate guidelines to augment training to compensate for the lost time as well as mitigate the stress levels upon resumption of regular hospital services and training. Going ahead, permanent changes such as virtual classrooms and simulation-based training should be considered.

A relevância da transmissão da pesquisa científica em psicanálise para a graduação / The relevance of the transmission of scientific research in psychoanalysis to undergraduate / La relevancia de la transmisión de la investigación científica en el psicoanálisis para la graduación

Constata-se, a partir da experiência dos autores enquanto psicólogos recém-graduados por diferentes universidades brasileiras, uma desproporção tanto nas oportunidades oferecidas aos graduandos para que se envolvam com pesquisas quanto no que diz respeito à comunicação daquilo que se produz na pós-graduação. Fazendo uso da metodologia de relato de experiência, objetiva-se refletir de que maneira a interlocução entre ensino e pesquisa contribui para a integração entre a graduação e a pós-graduação. Com isso, pretende-se discutir a inserção da psicanálise enquanto método de pesquisa e de produção de saber na universidade, problematizando a relação entre o campo científico e os psicanalistas que se dedicam à atividade de pesquisa. Uma vez que os programas de pós-graduação e os órgãos de fomento de pesquisa priorizam candidatos que tenham experiência em pesquisa científica fim de selecionar pesquisadores melhor preparados, é fundamental entender como se dá a transmissão da pesquisa em psicanálise para alunos da graduação. A aposta deste trabalho é que a transmissão da pesquisa acadêmica pode suscitar o interesse e a qualificação necessária nos graduandos para o ingresso na pós-graduação, bem como o desenvolvimento da psicanálise enquanto método de pesquisa acadêmica. ..(AU)

Based on the experience of the authors as psychologists recently graduated from different Brazilian universities, there is a disproportion in the opportunities offered to undergraduates to engage in research and in relation to the communication of what is produced in the graduate courses. Therefore, using the experience reporting methodology, the objective of this work was to think on how the interlocution between teaching and research contributes to the integration between undergraduate and graduate studies. With that, the purpose is to discuss the insertion of psychoanalysis as a method of research and production of knowledge in the university, problematizing the relationship between the scientific field and the psychoanalysts who are engaged in research activity. Since graduate programs and research funding agencies prioritize candidates who have experience in scientific research in order to select better-prepared researchers, it is critical to understand how the transmission of research in psychoanalysis to undergraduates occurs. This work defends that the transmission of academic research can raise the interest and qualification necessary for undergraduate students to join the graduate courses, as well as the development of psychoanalysis as a method of academic research...(AU)

Según la experiencia de los autores como psicólogos recién graduados de diferentes universidades brasileñas, existe una desproporción tanto en las oportunidades que se ofrecen a los estudiantes de pregrado para involucrarse en la investigación como en la comunicación de lo que se produce en la escuela de posgrado. Utilizando la metodología de informes de experiencia, el objetivo es reflexionar sobre cómo el diálogo entre la enseñanza y la investigación contribuye a la integración entre los cursos de pregrado y posgrado. Con esto, se pretende discutir la inserción del psicoanálisis como método de investigación y producción de conocimiento en la universidad, cuestionando la relación entre el campo científico y los psicoanalistas que se dedican a la actividad de investigación. Dado que los programas de posgrado y las agencias de promoción de la investigación priorizan a los candidatos que tienen experiencia en investigación científica para seleccionar investigadores mejor preparados, es esencial comprender cómo se transmite la investigación del psicoanálisis a los estudiantes universitarios. La apuesta de este trabajo es que la transmisión de la investigación académica puede aumentar el interés y la calificación necesaria en los estudiantes de pregrado para ingresar al postgrado, así como el desarrollo del psicoanálisis como método de investigación académica...(AU)

Criação e trajetória inicial do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da UFPI / Creation and initial trajectory of the Post-graduation Program in Psychology at UFPI / Creación y trayectoria inicial del Programa de Posgrado en Psicología de la UFPI

Trata-se de um relato sobre a criação e a trajetória inicial do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia na UFPI, com base em um levamento documental. Implantado na cidade de Parnaíba-PI, desde abril de 2017, ressalta-se que é o único PPG em Psicologia do estado, possibilitando psicólogos e demais profissionais articularem o desenvolvimento científico e a produção do conhecimento na região. Com área de concentração em Psicologia, conta com 10 docentes permanentes distribuídos em duas linhas de pesquisa: 1) Processos psicossociais e sua avaliação em diferentes contextos; 2) Psicologia, Saúde Coletiva e Processos de subjetivação e 55 discentes com matrícula ativa e 13 egressos. A análise considerou as atividades desenvolvidas, dificuldades e desafios com base nos caminhos e desafios postos à pós-graduação brasileira. Conclui-se no empenho do PPGPsi para sua consolidação na pesquisa e ensino da pós-graduação, na formação de recursos humanos e no impacto social.

This is an account of the creation and initial trajectory of the Graduate Program in Psychology at UFPI, based on a documentary background. Implemented in the city of Parnaíba-PI, since April 2017, it is noteworthy that is the only PPG in Psychology of the state, enabling psychologists and other professionals to articulate scientific development and knowledge production in the region. With a concentration area in Psychology, it has 10 permanent professors distributed in two research lines: 1) Psychosocial processes and their evaluation in different contexts; 2) Psychology, Collective Health and Subjectivation Processes and 55 students with active enrollment and 13 graduates. The analysis considered the activities developed, difficulties and challenges based on the paths and challenges posed to the Brazilian graduate. It concludes PPGPsi's commitment to its consolidation in postgraduate research and teaching, human resources training and social impact.

Este es un relato de la creación y la trayectoria inicial del Programa de Posgrado en Psicología en la UFPI, basado en antecedentes documentales. Implementado en la ciudad de Parnaíba-PI, desde abril de 2017, es notable que sea el único PPG en Psicología del estado, lo que permite a los psicólogos y otros profesionales articular el desarrollo científico y la producción de conocimiento en la región. Con un área de concentración en Psicología, cuenta con 10 profesores permanentes distribuidos en dos líneas de investigación: 1) Procesos psicosociales y su evaluación en diferentes contextos; 2) Procesos de psicología, salud colectiva y subjetivación y 55 estudiantes con matrícula activa y 13 egresos. El análisis consideró las actividades desarrolladas, las dificultades y los desafíos basados en los caminos y desafíos planteados al graduado brasileño. Concluye el compromiso de PPGPsi con su consolidación en investigación y enseñanza de posgrado, capacitación en recursos humanos e impacto social.

Psicologia e políticas sociais: as contribuições de um programa de pós-graduação em Psicologia / Psychology and social policies: contributions from a postgraduate program in Psychology / Psicología y políticas sociales: las contribuciones de um programa de postgrado en Psicologia

Este artigo analisa a produção acadêmica sobre políticas sociais do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC Goiás), no período de 2001 a 2018. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado por meio da Plataforma Sucupira, em que foram catalogadas 421 dissertações e 63 teses. Após o processo de seleção foram analisados 39 resumos, por meio do referencial teórico da Psicologia Crítica. Embora em número reduzido, essas dissertações e teses que dialogam com as políticas sociais refletem a expansão da pesquisa em Psicologia, como campo científico que se compromete com a transformação da realidade social. Foram eleitas duas categorias de análise desses resumos: programas, serviços, unidades e instituições públicos, e vulnerabilidades e risco social. Essas pesquisas, em sua grande maioria, oferecem subsídios para a criação e/ou aperfeiçoamento das políticas sociais no Brasil e, concomitantemente, evidenciam desafios a serem enfrentados.

This paper looks at social policies in the Postgraduate Program in Psychology, held by Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC Goiás) from 2001 to 2018. The bibliographic survey was performed using the Sucupira Database Platform, in which 421 dissertations and 63 theses were catalogued. After the selection, 39 abstracts were analyzed according to the theoretical references in Critical Psychology. Although in a reduced number, these dissertations and theses, with focus on social policies, showed the expansion of scientific production in Psychology, in order to change the social reality. In the purpose of analyzing the abstracts, two categories were chosen. The first one was related to programs, services, units and public institutions; the second category is associated to vulnerability and social risk. Most of scientific productions offered an important aid when implementing or improving social policies in Brazil, and, thus, showed the challenges to be faced.

Este artículo analiza la producción académica sobre políticas sociales del Programa de Postgrado en Psicología de la Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC Goiás), en el período del 2001 al 2018. El levantamiento bibliográfico se realizó por medio de la Plataforma Sucupira, en que fueron catalogadas 421 disertaciones y 63 tesis. Después del proceso de selección se analizaron 39 resúmenes, por medio del referencial teórico de la Psicología Crítica. Pese el pequeño número, esas disertaciones y tesis que dialogan con las políticas sociales reflejan la expansión de la pesquisa en Psicología, como campo científico que se compromete con la transformación de la realidad social. Así, se eligieron dos categorías de análisis de esos resúmenes: programas, servicios, unidades y instituciones públicas, así como vulnerabilidades y riesgo social. Esas pesquisas ofrecen, en buena parte, subsidios para la creación y/o el perfeccionamiento de las políticas sociales en Brasil y, concomitantemente, evidencian los desafíos que deben enfrentarse.

Discussion on the problems and countermeasures of medical education in pediatrics after graduation / 中国实用儿科杂志

clinicians,which play a key role in the process of pediatricians becoming talented. Post-graduation medical education in China has been continuously institutionalized and standardized,and has achieved remarkable progress. However,there are still many problems in the implementation process. The author will carry out in-depth analysis concerning the national policy,base construction,teacher construction and students themselves,propose countermeasures and suggestions for existing problems,and provide ideas for the formation of an efficient and sustainable mechanism for pediatric talent training.

Construction of pediatrician training system at the primary level / 中国实用儿科杂志

The pediatrician training system includes four levels of construction mode:the pediatric professional training for general practitioner, general pediatric professional training, pediatric skills training of community in-service physicians and pediatric continuing education for general pedestrians by Pediatric Professional Committee. Standardized and homogeneous training will help to improve children's health service system and change the current shortage of pediatric clinicians at the primary level.

Pós-Graduação senso estrito em saúde coletiva e o Sistema Único de Saúde / Post-graduation in collective health and the National Public Health System

Este artigo trata de política pública em educação, a Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, para identificar formas de diálogo dessa política, a partir de 1990, com a política pública em saúde, o SUS. Toma-se como produto principal da política de PGSC a formação de mestres e doutores, essenciais para a docência e a pesquisa na área. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica e análise de documentos e bases de dados da CAPES. Concluiu-se que a política de educação foi consistente ao longo do tempo e nuclear para o desenvolvimento social, ao lado da política de saúde, sem apresentar pontos formais de intercessão, e seus impactos ocorrerão, principalmente, por meio de formação de bons e comprometidos profissionais, docentes e pesquisadores. Na PGSC mostram-se relevantes os mestrados profissionais, para vinculação mais direta das pós-graduações com o SUS, e os editais propostos pelo Ministério da Saúde para o financiamento de temas prioritários para o Sistema de Saúde. Os autores consideram que, mesmo nas iniciativas explícitas de aproximação do conhecimento produzido pela PG com a práxis no SUS, os mecanismos envolvidos na translação, tradução ou impacto do conhecimento científico para a prática concreta são complexos e devem ser analisados por meio de recortes por temas e contextos específicos.(AU)

This article deals with a public policy in education, Post Graduation in Collective Health, to identify forms of dialogue of this policy, with the public health policy, the SUS, starting in 1990. The main product of PGSC policy is the training of masters and doctors, essential for teaching and research in the field. Bibliographic review and analysis of CAPES documents and databases based the analysis. Education policy was consistent over time and core to social development, alongside health policy, without presenting formal points of intercession, and its impacts occur mainly through the formation of good and committed professionals, teachers and researchers. In PGSC, professional masters programs are more relevant, for a more direct link of postgraduate programs with the SUS, and the initiatives of the Ministry of Health to finance priorities in research for the Health System. Even ininitiatives that explicitly seek to approximate the knowledge produced by PG with praxis in the SUS, the mechanisms involved in translating or impacting scientific knowledge into concrete practice are complex and must be context specific andthematic.(AU)

Panorama da produção do conhecimento em atividade física adaptada nos programas de pós-graduação em Educação Física do estado do Paraná / Overview of the production of knowledge in physical activity adapted in the post-graduartion programs in Physical Education of state of Paraná / Panorama de la producción de conocimiento en la actividad física adaptada en programas de postgrado en Educación Física del estado de Paraná

No estado do Paraná, são quatro as Instituições de Ensino Superior, indicadas pela CAPES, que possuem programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Educação Física. Com o objetivo de conhecer a produção relacionada à atividade física adaptada no Paraná e compreender os caminhos que ela tem seguido, mapearam-se nestes programas todas as dissertações e teses relacionadas à temática. Ao todo, foram encontradas 17 pesquisas, 15 dissertações e 2 teses. quanto ao tipo de deficiência, são estudadas em maior número atividades voltadas a indivíduos com deficiência física, intelectual e visual, sendo que nenhuma exclusivamente com pessoas com deficiência auditiva foi encontrada. Ao pesquisar o currículo dos autores, concluiu-se que a maioria dos produtores das dissertações e teses tem envolvimento no "universo" para-desportivo e apresenta a tendência de pesquisar e publicar somente nesta área, ao contrário dos orientadores, em que somente a minoria é envolvida com a temática.

In Paraná State, there are four Institutions of Higher Education, indicated by CAPES, that have post-graduate programs stricto sensu in Physical Education. In order to know the production related to the Adapted Physical Activity in Paraná and to understand the paths that it has followed, all dissertations and theses related to the theme have been mapped in these programs. In all, 17 researches, 15 dissertations and 2 theses were found. Regarding the type of disability, a greater number of activities are studied for individuals with physical, intellectual and visual disabilities, none of whom are exclusively hearing impaired. In studying the authors' curriculum, it was concluded that most of the authors of dissertations and theses have some involvement in the parasport "universe", and that they tend to research and publish only in this area, unlike the advisors where only the minority is involved with the theme.

En el estado de Paraná, son cuatro las instituciones de educación superior, indicados por la CAPES, que tienen programas de postgrado stricto sensu en la Educación Física. Con el fin de conocer la producción relacionada con la Actividad Física Adaptada en Paraná y comprender las formas en que ha seguido, esbozó en estos programas de todas las disertaciones y tesis relacionadas con el tema. En total se encontraron 17 estudios, 15 disertaciones y 2 tesis. En cuanto al tipo de discapacidad, que se estudian en más números actividades dirigidas a las personas con discapacidades físicas, intelectuales y visuales, y ninguno exclusivamente a las personas con discapacidad auditiva fue encontrado. Al buscar en el currículum de los autores, se concluyó que la mayoría de los productores de disertaciones y tesis tienen participación en el "universo" para actividades deportivas y muestran una tendencia a investigar y publicar sólo en esta área, a diferencia de los orientadores donde sólo una minoría está implicado con el tema.