The application of blended learning in clinical practice of college students majoring in medical imaging diagnosis / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of blended learning in clinical practice of undergraduate students majoring in medical imaging diagnosis.Methods:A total of 60 undergraduate students majoring in medical imaging diagnosis who practiced in the Department of Radiology of Chongqing General Hospital from 2017 to 2019 were selected as subjects. The students were divided into experimental group and control group, each with 30 students. During the internship, the experimental group adopted the blended learning, including lecture-based learning, case-based learning, problem-based learning and team-based learning according to different teaching scenarios. While the control group adopted the traditional teaching mode. At the end of the internship, the test scores of the two groups of intern students were compared, and the satisfaction degree of the teaching was investigated by questionnaire. SPSS 19.0 was used to conduct t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The score of theoretical knowledge examination in the experimental group was (90.27±5.38) points, and that in the control group was (83.13±7.57) points. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=4.21, P<0.001). The score of imaging analysis examination in the experimental group was (90.07 ± 4.80) points, and that in the control group was (82.13±8.71) points. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=4.37, P<0.001). The results of the satisfaction survey showed that the overall satisfaction with teaching was 76.7% (23/30) in the experimental group and 50.0% (15/30) in the control group, with statistically significant difference ( χ2= 6.57, P=0.037). Conclusion:The blended learning has a good effect in the teaching of undergraduate students majoring in medical imaging diagnosis.

Resilience, sleep quality and morningness as mediators of vulnerability to depression in medical students with sleep pattern alterations.

The medical career is considered highly stressful, especially during internships when academic and clinical demands, combined with changes in sleep patterns, increase students' likelihood to develop depression. Resilience, which is considered as opposite vulnerability to stress and, along with another protective factor, namely morningness, may cause a student to be less reactive to stimuli and, therefore, less prone to depression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of resilience and morningness facing to sleep quality and main risk factors, on the development of depression symptoms in a group of students with sleep pattern alterations. To this end, an observational and longitudinal study was performed with 30 undergraduate interns, with an average age of 22.63 years (SE ± 0.13), 33% men and 67% women. A survey was conducted in three different times during the year of internship: at the beginning (T1), in the middle (T2) and the end (T3). The instruments were the Brief Resilience Scale, Composite Scale of Morningness, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Patient Health Questionnaire. The path analysis examined the roles of morningness, sleep quality and resilience as potential mediators between family history of depression and depression symptoms at different times. The results showed that resilience had a protective effect on depression symptoms at T2 (ß = -0.18, p < 0.05) and with greater power at T3 (ß = -0.41, p < 0.05), as did morningness, although less strongly, on the symptoms at T3 (ß = -0.13, p < 0.05). A relationship between these two mediating variables was also observed (ß = 0.30, p < 0.05). The initial sleep quality had an effect on the increase of depression symptoms at T1 (ß = 0.61, p < 0.05) and T3 (ß = 0.21, p < 0.05), while family history of depression had a direct effect on the measures of depression at T2 (ß = 0.49, p < 0.05) and T3 (ß = 0.19, p < 0.05). Aside from personal risk factors, it is possible to conclude that the levels of resilience, morningness and sleep quality manifested by students at the beginning of their internship may explain the decrease in depression symptoms at the end of the course.

Specific entrustable professional activities for undergraduate medical internships: a method compatible with the academic curriculum.

BACKGROUND: Competency-based education has been considered the most important pedagogical trend in Medicine in the last two decades. In clinical contexts, competencies are implemented through Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) which are observable and measurable. The aim of this paper is to describe the methodology used in the design of educational tools to assess students´ competencies in clinical practice during their undergraduate internship (UI). In this paper, we present the construction of specific APROCs (Actividades Profesionales Confiables) in Surgery (S), Gynecology and Obstetrics (GO) and Family Medicine (FM) rotations with three levels of performance. METHODS: The study considered a mixed method exploratory type design, a qualitative phase followed by a quantitative validation exercise. In the first stage data was obtained from three rotations (FM, GO and S) through focus groups about real and expected activities of medical interns. Triangulation with other sources was made to construct benchmarks. In the second stage, narrative descriptions with the three levels were validated by professors who teach the different subjects using the Delphi technique. RESULTS: The results may be described both curricular and methodological wise. From the curricular point of view, APROCs were identified in three UI rotations within clinical contexts in Mexico City, benchmarks were developed by levels and validated by experts' consensus. In regard to methodological issues, this research contributed to the development of a strategy, following six steps, to build APROCs using mixed methods. CONCLUSIONS: Developing benchmarks provides a regular and standardized language that helps to evaluate student's performance and define educational strategies efficiently and accurately. The university academic program was aligned with APROCs in clinical contexts to assure the acquisition of competencies by students.

Medición del ambiente educacional hospitalario en internos de la Facultad de Medicina, UMSS. Cochabamba, Bolivia. / Measuring Educational Environment in Hospital in last grade students of the Facultad of Medicina, UMSS. Cochabamba, Bolivia

OBJETIVOS: analizar la utilidad del instrumento Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) y aplicar en los internos de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón. MÉTODOS: luego de la validación con el equipo de docentes del Departamento de Educación Médica se realiza un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal. De un universo de 112, se tuvo una muestra de 92 internos cuyo criterios de exclusión fueron el rechazo de llenado del instrumento y cuestionarios incompletos en su llenado. RESULTADOS: el puntaje final obtenido de 75,16/160 nos sugiere un Ambiente Educacional con muchos problemas, según puntuación del PHEEM. CONCLUSIONES: se identificaron algunas situaciones especiales generadoras de posibles sesgos, como ser sitio y tiempo cronológico de llenado de las encuestas y otras dificultades que pueden alterar los resultados.

Objectives: to analyze the usefulness of the instrument Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure ( PHEEM ) and to apply in last medical students of Facultad de Medicina of the Universidad Mayor de San Simón. Methods: after validation by the team of teachers of the Department of Medical Education it was performer a quantitative descriptive study of cross sectional. From a universe of 112, a sample of 92 students whose exclusion criterion was the rejection of incomplete filling of the instrument and filling question-naires were reported. Results: the final score obtained 75.16 / 160 suggests an educational environment with many problems, according PHEEM score. Conclusions: some special situations generating potential biases , such as chronological time site and filling surveys which constitute biases that may alter the results were identified.

Escasa lectura crítica de investigación entre los alumnos de pre grado de medicina / Little critical reading of research at an undergraduate medical internship

Introducción: La lectura crítica de la investigación está escasamente desarrollada entre los internos de pregrado y los programas institucionales la ignoran. Informes transversales lo confirman, así como intervenciones exitosas. Los estudios longitudinales son escasos. Objetivo: Evaluar el desarrollo y la persistencia de la lectura crítica de investigación en un internado de pregrado con énfasis en investigación (IPI). Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes; cinco grupos con 77 alumnos, aleatorizados, de cinco universidades, con cinco profesores (diferentes años de docencia). Estrategia: Frecuencia semanal (90 min); lectura de artículo y resolución de guía, discusión plenaria (profesor y compañeros) y elaboración de protocolo. Se aplicó (inicio, 6 y 11 meses) un instrumento de 108 reactivos, equilibrado (interpretación, juicio y propuestas), validado, consistente, con seis resúmenes (encuesta, instrumento, casos y controles, ensayos controlados y aleatorizados [ECA], prueba diagnóstica y cohorte). Estadísticos: No paramétricos intragrupo e intergrupo y el azar. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias iniciales entre los promedios universitarios, medianas globales (13, rango 10 a 17), o sub componentes. Se observaron diferencias posteriores al curso en la calificación global a favor del G2 (mediana 23, rango: 22 a 39); todos los grupos avanzaron (p < 0.05). El avance se mantiene en la calificación global final (mediana 29, rango: 23 a 35). El azar disminuyó (60% a 8%) del inicio al final. No hubo avances en ECA y cohortes. Conclusiones: El aprendizaje de la investigación es fundamental en el pregrado y permite evaluar las publicaciones médicas. Un programa y actividades específicas que incluyan este aprendizaje, así como la guía por parte de los docentes con la implementación de estrategias participativas permitirán desarrollar esta habilidad que persistirá a mediano plazo

Introduction: Critical reading of research papers is poorly developed among undergraduate interns, and institutional programs ignore it. Cross-sectional reports confirm this, as well as successful interventions. Longitudinal studies are scarce. Objective: To evaluate the development and continuity of critical reading of research papers in undergraduate internship with emphasis on research. Material and methods: co-hort study; five groups with 77 students, randomized, from five universities, with five teachers (of varied teaching experience). Strategy: Weekly basis (90 min); reading of an article and guidance resolution, plenary discussion (teacher and classroom) and creation of a protocol. A balanced (interpretation, judg-ment and proposals), validated, consistent 108-item instrument was applied (baseline, 6-11 months) plus six abstracts (survey, instrument, cases and controls, randomized controlled trials [RCTs], diagnostic test and cohort). Statistics: Nonparametric, intra- and intergroup, randomized analysis. Results: No baseline differences between the grade-point averages, median global rating (13, range 10 to 17), or subcom-ponents were observed. Overall rating favored G2 (median 23, range 22-39) by the end of the course; all groups performed better (p < 0.05). Progress was maintained at the overall final rating (median 29, range: 23-35). Random performance decreased (60% to 8%) from beginning to end. No progress was observed in RCTs or cohorts. Conclusions: Learning about research is essential in undergraduate studies and allows medical literature to be assessed. A study program and specific activities including it, and a guide from teachers with participatory strategies, help develop this skill, which is maintained in the medium term.