Exploring the Impact of Protein Supplement Source on Body Composition in Women Practicing Anaerobic Resistance Exercise: A Pilot Study.

Supplements based on protein hydrolysates have been used as an effective source to access amino acids with greater bioavailability, promoting absorption to improve body composition. Five groups of young women were randomly selected. They followed a personalized eating plan that included different protein supplements (meat, vegan, branched-chain amino acids [BCAAs], whey, and control group), combined with an exercise plan, for eight weeks, aiming to assess their consumption effects combined with resistance exercise on body composition. Bioelectrical impedance before and after the treatment was conducted. The results showed that the supplementation with BCAAs presented a significant decrease (p < 0.05) on the BMI in this group (initial BMI = 19.7 kg/m2; final BMI = 19.4 kg/m2). When comparing the final measures among the groups, the BCAAs and vegan supplements caused a significant decrease in body weight (50.24 kg and 51.34 kg, respectively). The BMI of the group supplemented with meat proteins was statistically higher (22.06 kg/m2) than that the group supplemented with BCAAs (19.4 kg/m2) (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the type of protein consumed to produce muscle mass in the participants after eight weeks of study under a controlled diet and anaerobic resistance exercise. Participants exhibited energy deficiencies, but their macronutrient distribution appeared normal. Following an 8-week intervention, meat and BCAAs reduced weight and BMI, although no statistical differences were observed. It is recommended to extend the treatment for a more comprehensive understanding.

Measured versus label declared macronutrient and calorie content in Colombian commercially available whey proteins.

Whey protein (WP) supplements have grown in popularity for exercising populations to enhance muscle protein synthesis and promote recovery. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the macronutrient profile, especially protein, of commonly sold protein powder brands in the Colombian (South America) sports supplement market. Eleven popular whey proteins supplements made and sold on the Colombian market were sampled and determined the humidity, ash, total carbohydrates, fat, proteins, and calories (kcal). The mean calorie content declared by product labeling was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than measured (labeled 349.8 ± 20.3 kcal; analyzed 368.2 ± 14.9 kcal). Carbohydrate content was higher than labeled on average (labeled 3.5 ± 6 g/100 g; analyzed 21.9 ± 12.5 g/100 g) (p < 0.05). The protein content on the labels showed a significantly higher content, on average, than analyzed in all samples (labeled 81.4 ± 7.4; analyzed 65.7 ± 14.1) (p < 0.05). These data suggest, that for brands analyzed in this research, nutrient labels may be misleading, especially regarding protein, carbohydrate, and total calorie content. Consumers should diligently read, but also learn the different product labeling; however, brands should emphasize on testing their products and add amino acid profiles to guarantee quality of their products.

Consumo de fragmentos proteicos y digestibilidad de proteína en dietas suministradas a bovinos Chino Santandereano

RESUMEN Objetivo. Cuantificar la concentración y consumo de los fragmentos de la proteína (NNP, PV, PVAD, PVLD, PIDN y PIDA) presente en la dieta suministrada a bovinos y su efecto en la digestibilidad de la proteína bruta. Materiales y métodos. Fueron analizadas dietas ofrecidas a bovinos Chino Santandereano en estabulación, recibiendo diferentes niveles de suplementación, utilizando cuatro animales en delineamiento en cuadrado latino 4x4, siendo los tratamientos: NS, no suplementados; BAJO, suplementados con cantidad relativa al 0.5% del peso corporal; MEDIO, suplementados con cantidad relativa al 1.0% del peso corporal; ALTO, suplementados con cantidad relativa al 1.5% del peso corporal. El consumo fue determinado diariamente y la digestibilidad a través de colecta total de heces en los dos últimos días de cada periodo. Resultados. Mayor concentración de proteína bruta fue encontrada en suplemento en comparación con el pasto (p<0.001), exhibiendo el forraje mayor concentración de PBNNP (p<0.001), a la vez que el suplemento presentó concentración más elevada de PV (p<0.001) y PVAD (p=0.027). Animales suplementados presentaron mayor consumo de PB, PBNNP (p=0.037), PV, PIDN, PVAD, PIDA y PVLD (p<0.05), no obstante, cuando se determinó la concentración que representa el consumo de PIDA en el consumo de PB, no se observó diferencia entre suplementados y NS (p=0.078). Mayor digestibilidad de la PB fue encontrada en animales suplementados cuando contrastados con NS (p<0.001), observándose entre tratamientos suplementados un efecto lineal ascendente a medida que aumentó el nivel de suplementación. Conclusiones. La suplementación mejora la digestibilidad de la proteína bruta por aportar mayor cantidad de fragmentos nitrogenados de alta digestibilidad.

ABSTRACT Objective. To quantify the concentration and consumption of the protein fragments (NPN, TP, RDTP, SDTP, NDIP, and ADIP) present in the diet supplied to cattle, and its effect on the digestibility of crude protein. Materials and methods. Diets offered to Chino Santandereano cattle in stables were analyzed, receiving different levels of supplementation, using four animals in the 4x4 Latin square outline, the treatments being: NS, not supplemented; LOW, supplemented with an amount relative to 0.5% of body weight; MEDIUM, supplemented with an amount relative to 1.0% of body weight; HIGH, supplemented with a quantity relative to 1.5% of body weight. Consumption was determined daily, and digestibility through total stool collection in the last two days of each period. Results. A higher concentration of crude protein was found in supplement compared to grass (p<0.001), the forage exhibiting a higher concentration of CPNPN (p<0.001), at the same time, that the supplement presented higher concentration of TP (p<0.001) and RDTP (p=0.027). Supplemented animals presented higher consumption of CP, CPNPN (p=0.037), TP, NDIP, RDTP, ADIP and SDTP (p<0.05), however, when the concentration that represents the consumption of ADIP in the consumption of CP was determined, no difference was observed between supplemented and NS (p=0.078). Higher digestibility of CP was found in supplemented animals when contrasted with NS (p<0.001), an upward linear effect was observed between supplemented treatments as the level of supplementation increased. Conclusions. Supplementation improves the digestibility of crude protein by providing a greater amount of highly digestible nitrogenous fragments.

Effects of fish protein hydrolysate ingestion on postexercise aminoacidemia compared with whey protein hydrolysate in young individuals.

The aminoacidemia resulting from food protein digestion in response to exercise plays an underlying role in the rate of muscle protein synthesis. Whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) has been demonstrated to cause more pronounced postexercise aminoacidemia compared with casein and soy. Although fish protein has been demonstrated to be a great source of amino acids, there is no data available providing information about the postexercise aminoacidemia after fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) intake. The present study investigated the characteristic patterns of postexercise aminoacidemia after WPH and FPH intake in nine physically active subjects (six males and three females). In a crossover, double-blind, and randomized design, all participants received oral doses of either 0.25 g/kg of FPH or WPH or placebo (PLA) immediately after a resistance exercise bout. Blood samples were taken before and at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after supplementation. There was a significant increase in plasma total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), and leucine concentrations at 30 and 60 min after FPH supplementation, and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after WPH as compared to PLA. No significant differences were observed in plasma TAA, EAA, BCAA, and leucine concentrations between FPH and WPH at any time point, and there were no significant difference observed in the area under the curve for TAA, EAA, BCAA, and leucine between FPH and WPH. In conclusion, both FPH and WPH showed a rapid and pronounced postexercise aminoacidemia. FPH presented itself to be an alternative food source of rapidly digested proteins to be used after resistance exercise. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) demonstrated a rapid and pronounced postexercise aminoacidemia. Whey protein hydrolysate showed similar effects. FPH is presented as an alternative food source of rapidly digested proteins to be consumed by the population, especially physically active individuals.

[Protein supplement consumption and its possible association with kidney damage in Mexican elite athletes]. / Consumo de suplemento proteico y su posible asociación con daño renal en atletas mexicanos de alto rendimiento.

BACKGROUND: Protein supplements are one of the most used ergogenic supplements by elite athletes. Nonetheless, it has been postulated that the use of these type of supplements may cause chronic renal failure. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of the consumption of protein supplements in the renal function of elite athletes of the Mexican Olympic Training Center. METHODS: 74 athletes provided urine samples in order to quantify urinary proteins. Some of them were excluded since they had conditions that could cause proteinuria or alter the quality of the samples. Those that were not excluded were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which included those individuals that had the antecedent of consuming protein supplements, and the control group, that encompassed those individuals that did not had the antecedent of consuming protein supplements. RESULTS: Of the 74 analyzed athletes, 44 were excluded, 11 individuals were included in the experimental group, and 19 in the control group. Microproteinuria was encountered in only one urine sample (control group), and it was determined that there was no significant differences between both groups. CONCLUSION: From the gathered results it can be concluded that protein supplements do not affect renal function. Nonetheless, in the future protein supplements should be evaluated in groups with pathologies or conditions that may compromise renal function.

Introducción: los suplementos proteicos son unos de los suplementos ergogénicos más utilizados por los atletas de alto rendimiento. Sin embargo, se ha postulado que el consumo de estos pudiese ser causa de insuficiencia renal crónica. El objetivo fue analizar los efectos del consumo de suplementos proteínicos en la función renal de los atletas de alto rendimiento del Centro Deportivo Olímpico Mexicano. Métodos: se evaluaron 74 atletas, en cuya muestra de orina se cuantificaron las proteínas. Se excluyeron los atletas con antecedentes o condiciones que pudiesen causar proteinuria o que pudieran alterar la calidad de la muestra. Los elegidos se dividieron en dos grupos con base en el antecedente de consumo de suplemento proteico: el grupo experimental lo conformaron los consumidores y el control los no consumidores. Resultados: de 74 atletas analizados, 44 fueron excluidos, 11 se incluyeron al grupo experimental y 19 al grupo control. Se obtuvo un resultado positivo para microproteinuria en este último grupo. Se determinó estadísticamente que ambos grupos eran similares y se estableció, en relación con el resultado positivo de microproteinura, que no existe una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos. Conclusión: el consumo de suplemento proteico no ha afectado la función renal de los atletas analizados. Pese a esto, consideramos que la seguridad del suplemento proteico debe ser evaluada en un futuro en ciertos grupos con patologías o antecedentes que pudieran comprometer la función renal.

Qualidade de suplementos proteicos: avaliação da composição e rotulagem / Quality of protein supplements: evaluation of composition and labeling

O consumo de suplementos alimentares por praticantes de atividade física tem se tornado umhábito comum, destacando-se aqueles de fonte proteica. Contudo, o uso indiscriminado destessuplementos no Brasil constitui tema de preocupação, pois dietas com elevados níveis proteicospodem ser prejudiciais à saúde. Soma-se a este quadro o fato de que levantamentos recentes sobrea qualidade desses produtos indicaram um número significativo de não conformidades em relaçãoaos requisitos regulamentados. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conformidadede suplementos proteicos para atletas, do tipo whey protein, quanto à composição centesimale requisitos para rotulagem. Os parâmetros da composição nutricional para os quais foramidentificadas não conformidades foram teores de lipídeos totais (70 %) e carboidratos (30 %).Não conformidades de rotulagem foram evidenciadas em 100 % das amostras, sendo mais frequentesaquelas relacionadas à informação da medida caseira, prazo de validade, indicação terapêuticae denominação de venda. A falta de padronização nas orientações de uso foi também consideradacrítica, pelo potencial de induzir um consumo excessivo de proteínas. Os resultados desseestudo apontaram para a urgente necessidade de se assegurar a qualidade dos suplementos proteicosconsumidos no país.

The consumption of dietary supplements for physical activity practitioners has becomecommon, highlighting the protein source supplements. However, the indiscriminate use of thesesupplements is a topic of concern in Brazil, because diet with high protein levels can be harmfulto health. An aggravating is the fact that recent surveys on the quality of protein supplementsshowed a significant number of non-compliance products considering the regulated requirements.In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the compliance of protein supplementsfor athletes, whey protein type, in relation to the chemical composition and regulated requirementsfor labelling. The parameters related to composition that were in disagreement with the Brazilianregulations were total lipids (70 %) and carbohydrates (30 %). Nonconformities were found inlabelling of 100 % of samples, being more frequent those related to household measure information,validity, therapeutic indication and sale name. An important aspect of the labelling was the lackof standardization in the recommendations for use by the manufactures because some of whichcould lead the users to excessive protein intake. The results of this study indicated the urgent need ofquality assurance of protein supplements consumed in Brazil.

Qualidade de suplementos proteicos: avaliação da composição e rotulagem / Quality of protein supplements: evaluation of composition and labeling

O consumo de suplementos alimentares por praticantes de atividade física tem se tornado um hábito comum, destacando-se aqueles de fonte proteica. Contudo, o uso indiscriminado destes suplementos no Brasil constitui tema de preocupação, pois dietas com elevados níveis proteicos podem ser prejudiciais à saúde. Soma-se a este quadro o fato de que levantamentos recentes sobre a qualidade desses produtos indicaram um número significativo de não conformidades em relação aos requisitos regulamentados. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conformidade de suplementos proteicos para atletas, do tipo whey protein, quanto à composição centesimal e requisitos para rotulagem. Os parâmetros da composição nutricional para os quais foram identificadas não conformidades foram teores de lipídeos totais (70 %) e carboidratos (30 %). Não conformidades de rotulagem foram evidenciadas em 100 % das amostras, sendo mais frequentes aquelas relacionadas à informação da medida caseira, prazo de validade, indicação terapêutica e denominação de venda. A falta de padronização nas orientações de uso foi também considerada crítica, pelo potencial de induzir um consumo excessivo de proteínas. Os resultados desse estudo apontaram para a urgente necessidade de se assegurar a qualidade dos suplementos proteicos consumidos no país.

The consumption of dietary supplements for physical activity practitioners has become common, highlighting the protein source supplements. However, the indiscriminate use of these supplements is a topic of concern in Brazil, because diet with high protein levels can be harmful to health. An aggravating is the fact that recent surveys on the quality of protein supplements showed a significant number of non-compliance products considering the regulated requirements. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the compliance of protein supplements for athletes, whey protein type, in relation to the chemical composition and regulated requirements for labelling. The parameters related to composition that were in disagreement with the Brazilian regulations were total lipids (70 %) and carbohydrates (30 %). Nonconformities were found in labelling of 100 % of samples, being more frequent those related to household measure information, validity, therapeutic indication and sale name. An important aspect of the labelling was the lack of standardization in the recommendations for use by the manufactures because some of which could lead the users to excessive protein intake. The results of this study indicated the urgent need of quality assurance of protein supplements consumed in Brazil.

Qualidade de suplementos proteicos: avaliação da composição e rotulagem / Quality of protein supplements: evaluation of composition and labeling

O consumo de suplementos alimentares por praticantes de atividade física tem se tornado um hábito comum, destacando-se aqueles de fonte proteica. Contudo, o uso indiscriminado destes suplementos no Brasil constitui tema de preocupação, pois dietas com elevados níveis proteicos podem ser prejudiciais à saúde. Soma-se a este quadro o fato de que levantamentos recentes sobre a qualidade desses produtos indicaram um número significativo de não conformidades em relação aos requisitos regulamentados. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conformidade de suplementos proteicos para atletas, do tipo whey protein, quanto à composição centesimal e requisitos para rotulagem. Os parâmetros da composição nutricional para os quais foram identificadas não conformidades foram teores de lipídeos totais (70 %) e carboidratos (30 %). Não conformidades de rotulagem foram evidenciadas em 100 % das amostras, sendo mais frequentes aquelas relacionadas à informação da medida caseira, prazo de validade, indicação terapêutica e denominação de venda. A falta de padronização nas orientações de uso foi também considerada crítica, pelo potencial de induzir um consumo excessivo de proteínas. Os resultados desse estudo apontaram para a urgente necessidade de se assegurar a qualidade dos suplementos proteicos consumidos no país.(AU)

The consumption of dietary supplements for physical activity practitioners has become common, highlighting the protein source supplements. However, the indiscriminate use of these supplements is a topic of concern in Brazil, because diet with high protein levels can be harmful to health. An aggravating is the fact that recent surveys on the quality of protein supplements showed a significant number of non-compliance products considering the regulated requirements. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the compliance of protein supplements for athletes, whey protein type, in relation to the chemical composition and regulated requirements for labelling. The parameters related to composition that were in disagreement with the Brazilian regulations were total lipids (70 %) and carbohydrates (30 %). Nonconformities were found in labelling of 100 % of samples, being more frequent those related to household measure information, validity, therapeutic indication and sale name. An important aspect of the labelling was the lack of standardization in the recommendations for use by the manufactures because some of which could lead the users to excessive protein intake. The results of this study indicated the urgent need of quality assurance of protein supplements consumed in Brazil.(AU)

Whey protein supplementation increases methionine intake but not homocysteine plasma concentration in rats.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of whey protein supplementation on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and liver oxidative stress in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 8) to receive one of the following diets for 4 weeks: control diet (C), whey protein-composed diet (WP), and whey protein-supplemented diet (WPS). The C and WP diets consisted of AIN-93 with 20% casein and 20% whey protein as protein source, respectively. WPS was AIN-93 (20% casein) supplemented by the addition of 20% (w/w) whey protein. Four weeks of ingesting a WPS diet resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.05) total protein and methionine intakes. Although a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the hepatic S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine levels occurred in WPS group compared with C and WP, no significant change was observed in plasma Hcy concentration between groups. Furthermore, the levels of lipid hydroperoxides and advanced oxidation protein products, known liver oxidative stress markers, were increased in the WPS group compared with the C group. In addition, no change in glutathione liver concentration was observed in any of the groups studied. In conclusion, whey protein supplementation increases methionine intake substantially; however, it does not change plasma Hcy concentrations. On the other hand, increased hepatic oxidative stress markers were observed in whey protein supplemented rats were probably due to high protein intake.

Desempenho produtivo e composição isotópica de 13C e 15N no tecido muscular de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentada com diferentes fontes protéicas / Performance and isotopic composition of 13C and 15N in muscle tissue of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with different protein

Fontes alternativas de alimentos vem sendo estudadas em substituição à farinha de peixe na aquicultura, podendo acarretar diferença na incorporação de carbono e nitrogênio decorrentes da disponibilidade e do valor nutricional da fonte. Três experimentos tiveram o objetivo de quantificar a participação das diferentes fontes protéicas nos tecidos de juvenis e pós-larvas através da composição isotópica de C e N e sua influência no crescimento. Além disso, a digestibilidade aparente das dietas contendo mistura de plantas C3 e C4 foi estudada usando o 13C nas fezes como traçador. As dietas consistiram de quatro ingredientes protéicos. Farelo de soja FS, farelo de coco FC, farinha de vísceras de aves FVA e farinha de peixe FP que compuseram cinco combinações diferentes: FS100; FS60FC40; FS60FVA40; FS60FP40; FS19F10FP10FVA11. No primeiro experimento duzentos juvenis de tilápia com peso médio de 3,4 ± 0,20 g foram distribuídos em 20 gaiolas flutuantes e após serem alimentados com as dietas experimentais, foram coletados amostras aos 0, 22, 44, 66 e 88 dias para estimar a contribuição de C e N das dietas no tecido. Foi observada diferença significativa (P0,05).

Alternative sources of food have been studied in substitution for fishmeal in aquaculture, and it may result in a difference in incorporation of carbon and nitrogen, depending on the nutritional value and availability of the source. Two experiments were designed to quantify the participation of different protein sources in the muscle tissue in juvenile and post larvae through isotopic composition and its influence on growth and body composition. In addition, the apparent digestibility of feedingstuffs containing mixture of C3 and C4 plants has been studied using 13C as tracer. The experiments were conducted in a random design with five treatments and four repetitions. Diets consisted of by four sources of protein ingredients. soybean meal SBM, coconut meal CM, poultry product meal PPM, meal and fish meal FM, composed five different combinations of diets: SBM100 SBM60CM40 SBM60PPM40 SBM60FM40 SBM19CM10FM10PPM11. In the first experiment, it used 200 juveniles with an average weight of 3.4 ± 0.20 g, distributed in 20 vinyl cages. Fish collections were held after being fed the experimental diets for 0, 22, 28, 38, 44, 66 and 88 days. In this assay, it was observed significant difference (P<0.05) for final weight, weight gain, feed conversion, fillet yield, protein efficiency ratio and condition factorHowever, there was no difference between food consumption, weight and content of the fillet profile. For the experiment two, 300 post-larvae, 20 days old and with average weight starting at 0.07 ± 0.020g, were randomly distributed in the five treatments, making each experimental unit with twenty animals. Six fish collections were held at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 days. This assay also showed significant difference (P<0.05) for final weight, weight gain, food intake, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio.