[Clinical case: approach to the difficult airway in neonatology. Treacher-Collins syndrome]. / Caso clínico: aproximación a la vía aérea difícil en neonatología. Síndrome de Treacher-Collins.

If newborns have an airway obstruction, they require urgent and expert management to avoid mortality and morbidity. The definition of difficult airway includes problems in endotracheal intubation or positive pressure ventilation with bag and mask or T-piece resuscitator. Management should be based on an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism responsible for difficult airway. The causes of difficult airway in the newborn can be congenital or acquired. We present the case of a newborn with Treacher-Collins syndrome Type 1 [OMIM # 154500] with a mandibulofacial dysostosis, micrognathia, malar hypoplasia, cleft palate, without congenital heart disease, associated with extremely difficult intubation.

Cuando los recién nacidos presentan obstrucción de la vía aérea, requieren un manejo urgente y experto para evitar la mortalidad y la morbilidad. La definición de vía aérea difícil se relaciona con problemas en la intubación endotraqueal o en la ventilación a presión positiva con bolsa y máscara o reanimador de pieza en T. El manejo debe basarse en la comprensión del mecanismo fisiopatológico responsable de la vía aérea difícil. Las causas en el recién nacido pueden ser congénitas y/o adquiridas. Se presenta el caso de una recién nacida con síndrome de Treacher-Collins tipo 1 [OMIM #154500] con una disostosis mandibulofacial, micrognatia, hipoplasia malar, paladar hendido, sin cardiopatía congénita, asociado con intubación extremadamente difícil.

Assessment of craniofacial and dental characteristics in individuals with treacher collins syndrome. A review.

Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) is a genetic disorder with predominantly autosomal dominant inheritance, associated with different mutations in specific genes. This review aimed to evaluate the facial, temporomandibular, zygomatic and bucco-dental phenotype in TCS individuals, and describe surgical and non-surgical solutions for each case in order to improve the quality of life of these individuals. A review of the literature on the craniofacial characteristics of the TCS was carried out, using the PICO strategy, and then a systematic search method was performed in Medline, Scopus, LILACS and SCIELO databases, identifying articles of impact and relevance until 10 June 2020, 240 articles were recovered and only 35 fulfilled the selection criteria. We found the main craniofacial and oral morphological characteristics of these individuals, and the possible functional alterations inducing repercussion in the stomatognathic apparatus. Among other characteristics, the most representative include hypoplasia in the zygomatic and mandibular complex, which can cause difficulty in breathing and feeding. In some cases, cleft palate and malocclusions such as anterior open bite may lead to Angle's Class II malocclusion, sometimes causing problems in the temporomandibular joint. In conclusion, individuals with TCS have specific craniofacial features including maxillary hypoplasia, altered orbital zones, mandibular retrognathia, and temporomandibular disorders. Oral deformities produce to a higher prevalence of caries and calculus formation because of poor hygiene due to the malformations present in these patients.

Síndrome de Treacher Collins en una familia cubana. Presentación de caso / Treacher Collins syndrome in a cuban family. Case presentation

Introducción: El Síndrome de Treacher Collins es un desorden genético del desarrollo craneofacial caracterizado por una displasia otomandibular simétrica y bilateral, asociado a diversas anomalías de cabeza y cuello, pero sin afectación de las extremidades. Su expresividad clínica es muy variable, oscilando la incidencia entre 1 en 25 000 y 1 en 70 000 recién nacidos vivos. En la literatura nacional revisada solo se encontraron publicados dos casos: uno, en 1962 y otro, en 2007, pero no se halló ningún reporte sobre familias cubanas afectadas. Objetivo: Presentar un caso perteneciente a una familia cubana con Síndrome de Treacher Collins. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 22 años con antecedentes familiares de padre y hermana con Treacher Collins, quien acude a consulta solicitando un posible tratamiento estético. Al examen físico se constató dismorfismo facial típico consistente en: fisuras palpebrales inclinadas hacia abajo, microftalmía, depresión del contorno orbitario, hipoplasia e implantación baja de los pabellones auriculares, micrognatia, hipoplasia de tejidos blandos faciales, y ausencia de pestañas en el tercio externo de los párpados inferiores. Las extremidades, el peso y la apertura bucal del paciente no mostraron alteraciones. Estas malformaciones fueron corroboradas por tomografía computarizada, donde además se detectó aracnoidocele intraselar, y falta de neumatización de celdas mastoideas y seno esfenoidal. El ultrasonido abdominal, el ecocardiograma, la radiografía anteroposterior de tórax y columna resultaron normales. Conclusiones: Pese a que el síndrome de Treacher Collins es una rara enfermedad congénita, es importante conocerlo para poder hacer un diagnóstico correcto y temprano, que permita ofrecerle al paciente un tratamiento multidisciplinario oportuno(AU)

Introduction: Treacher Collins syndrome is a genetic disorder of craniofacial development, characterized by a bilateral symmetrical otomandibular dysplasia associated with various abnormalities of the head and neck, with no extremities affection. Its clinical expression is very variable, with a range of occurrence between 1 in 25,000 and 1 in 70,000 live births. Only were found two cases after a review of national published literature, one in 1962 and the other one in 2007; no report of incidence on Cuban families was found. Objective: To present a case study of a Cuban family with Treacher Collins syndrome. Case presentation: Male patient 22 year old with father and sister afflicted with Treacher Collins syndrome, arriving to a consulting room seeking for an aesthetic treatment. After physical examination was confirm a typical facial dimorphism consisting of: downward slant palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, orbital edge depression, hypoplasia and ears low implantation, micrognathia, facial soft tissue hypoplasia and absence of eyelashes in the inferior lids external third. Patient extremities, weight and mouth opening showed no abnormalities. These malformations were confirmed by means of a computerized tomography, also was detected an intrasellar arachnoidocele, and lack of pneumatization of mastoid and sphenoid sinus cells. Abdominal ultrasound, echocardiogram, chest and antero-posterior spine radiography were normal. Conclusions: Although the Treacher Collins syndrome is a rare congenital disease, it is important to know it in order to make a correct and early diagnosis, bringing to the patient an opportune and multidisciplinary treatment(AU)

Nager syndrome and Pierre Robin sequence.

Nager syndrome is considered a rare genetic syndrome characterized by craniofacial and radial anomalies. Pierre Robin sequence is a triad that includes micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis. The present patient had typical findings of Nager syndrome and Pierre Robin sequence. He progressed to severe respiratory distress, requiring mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. At 1 year and 11 months, he had episodes of cardiorespiratory arrest and died. In the literature review, we identified the clinical description of 44 patients with Nager syndrome. Among them, 93.1% had micrognathia, 38.6% cleft palate and 11.3% glossoptosis. Only one (2.3%) had all three features, as observed in the present patient. Therefore, despite the fact that the features of Pierre Robin sequence are common, there are few patients who have the complete triad. It is noteworthy, however, that they may be associated with respiratory distress, which may put the patient's life at risk.

Síndrome de Treacher-Collins: presentación de un caso / Treacher-Collin syndrome: pesentation of a case

El síndrome de Treacher Collins es también conocido como síndrome de Berry-Franceschetti-Klein o Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein. Disostosis mandibulofacial o síndrome del primer arco, se corresponde con un desorden autosómico dominante del desarrollo craneofacial, y puede mostrar innumerables manifestaciones clínicas. En el caso presentado se pudieron observar múltiples malformaciones craneofaciales así como una severa escoliosis, atresia del conducto auditivo externo, papilomas preauriculares bilaterales y polidactilia preaxial en la mano derecha(AU)

Treacher-Collin syndrome, also known as Berry-Franceschetti-Klein or Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein, mandibulo-facial dysostosis or first arc syndrome, is a dominant autosomic disorder of the craniofacial development and may have innumerous clinical manifestations. In the case we present with this syndrome, we observed multiple craniofacial malformations, and also a severe scoliosis, external auditive duct atresia, bilateral preauricular papilomas and right hand pre axial polydactilia(AU)

Orofacial features of Treacher Collins syndrome.

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of craniofacial development. Major features include midface hypoplasia, micrognathia, microtia, conductive hearing loss, and cleft palate. The present study is on the orofacial features of 7 Brazilian patients with sporadic TCS aged 4 to 38 years. All patients presented the typical down-slanting palpebral fissures, colobomas, zygomatic and mandibular hypoplasia, partial absence of the lower eyelid cilia, and abnormalities of the ears. Malocclusion was present in all patients, and an anterior open bite was found in 3 patients. None of the patients had a cleft palate.

Síndrome da apnéia-hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS) grave em paciente com síndrome de treacher-collins: relato de caso e revisão de literatura

Introdução: A síndrome de Treacher Collins é também conhecida por disostose mandibulofacial. É caracterizada por alterações dos pavilhões auriculares, hipoplasia dos ossos da face, obliqüidade antimongolóide das fendas palpebrais e fissura palatina. Em geral, os pacientes apresentam desenvolvimento e inteligência normais. Trata-se de uma malformação que envolve o primeiro e segundo arcos branquais. É uma doença de origem genética autossômica dominante tendo expressão e gravidade variáveis. Objetivos: Descrever um caso de paciente com síndrome de Treacher-Collins com apnéia-hipopnéia obstrutiva grave. Relato de caso: Paciente com 1 ano e 1 mês de vida apresentando sonolência diurna excessiva, roncos e apnéias durante o sono. Foi submetida a glossopexia com 30 dias de vida. Fez polissonografia (PSG) que evidenciou índice de apnéia-hipopnéia (IAH) de 141,2/h com saturação média de O2 de 82% e nadir de 44% (com bradicardia). Foi solicitado PSG com titulação de CPAP que evidenciou IAH = 44,4/h, saturação média de O2 de 88% e nadir de 58%. A pressão de CPAP indicada foi de 11cmH2O (máscara facial). A criança teve boa adaptação com o CPAP e evoluiu bem, com melhora cognitiva e ganho de peso. Após 1 ano de uso de CPAP, a criança fez nova PSG que evidenciou IAH de 0,4/h. Dois meses após o exame, foi realizada a liberação da glossopexia e a criança aguarda distração da mandíbula a ser realizada por volta dos 3 anos de idade. Conclusões: O CPAP mostrou ser uma opção terapêutica eficiente e pouco invasiva no tratamento de paciente sindrômico com apnéia-hipopnéia obstrutiva grave. Vale ressaltar a importância da glossopexia. A anteriorização da língua permitiu o direcionamento da pressão positiva de ar para a região de orofaringe e hipofaringe, evitando que ocorresse glossoptose e dificuldade de adaptação do CPAP.

Síndrome de Treacher Collins: revisão de literatura / Tracher Collins syndrome: review of the literature

A Síndrome de Treacher Collins é um distúrbio hereditário caracterizado por anomalias e manifesta-se com diversas variáveis clínicas apresentando incidência aproximada de 1:40.000a 1:70.000 pessoas...

The Treacher Collins syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by craniofacial abnormalities and it has several different clinic presentations. Its incidence is around too 1:40.000 and 1. 70.000 habitants...

Síndrome de Treacher Collins: características clínicas e relato de caso / Treacher Collins syndrome: clinical aspects and a case report

A síndrome de Treacher Collins (STC) é também conhecida como Disostose Mandibulofacial. É uma síndrome crânio-facial que apresenta alterações bilaterais e simétricas de estruturas originadas do primeiro e segundo arcos branquiais e placódios nasais. Sua prevalência ao nascimento é de 1 para 25.000 a 1 para 50.000. A origem é genética e a transmissão é autossômica dominante com expressividade variável. No presente trabalho, os autores apresentam o relato de um paciente portador da síndrome de Treacher Collins que compareceu ao Grupo de Estudo e Atendimento a Pacientes Especiais - GEAPE, do Departamento de Ortodontia e Odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo para tratamento odontológico.

A functional SNP in the promoter region of TCOF1 is associated with reduced gene expression and YY1 DNA-protein interaction.

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is an autosomal dominant craniofacial malformation caused by null mutations in the TCOF1 gene. High inter and intra familial clinical variability, ranging from mild malar hypoplasia to perinatal death due to airway collapse is observed, but, to date, no genotype-phenotype correlation has been reported. Considering haploinsufficiency as the molecular mechanism underlying the disease, we have hypothesized that mutations in the promoter region of the gene, which has never been previously characterized, in trans with a pathogenic mutation, could modulate the phenotype. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to determine the TCOF1 gene's core promoter and to identify mutations in this region that could contribute to the phenotypic variation observed in this syndrome. We have delimitated the minimal promoter to a region of less than 150 bp, with 63% of identity among 5 different species. We screened 1.2 kbp of the TCOF1 5' flanking sequence in the DNA obtained from 21 patients and 51 controls and identified four new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one of which (-346C>T), was proved to be functional, as it decreased the promoter activity by 38%. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis demonstrated that the -346T allele impairs DNA-binding to the YY1 transcription factor. This promoter variant represents a candidate allele to explain the clinical variability in patients bearing TCS.

Dismorfismo asociado múltiple con el patrón atresia de coanas. Asociación CHARGE. Presentación de un caso / Dysmorphism in charge association with choanal atresia. Report of a case

CHARGE Association represents a group of rare congenital abnormalities with no clear etiology. The Choanal atresia associated with malformation and dysmorphism, including Treacher-Collins, Apert, Crouzons and other. CHARGE is a heterogeneous condition that affects several organ systems. Report of a case

Sindrome de Treacher Collins: aspectos clinicos, geneticos e moleculares / Treacher Collins syndrome: clinical, genetic and molecular aspects

A sindrome de Treacher Collins (STC) e um disturbio do desenvolvimento craniofacial de heranca autossomica dominante que afeta 1 em 50.000 recem-nascidos, sendo que aproximadamente 60 por cento dos casos sao resultantes de mutacoes novas...

Avaliaçäo clínica e cefalométrica do uso de um ativador ortopédico funcional em pacientes pré-adolescentes do sexo feminino portadoras de disostose mandibulofacial / Clinical and cephalometrical assessment of the use of a functional orthopedic activator in preadolescent female patiente with mandibulofacial disosthosis

Os autores estudam os efeitos do uso de um aparelho de ortopedia dos maxilares sobre o crescimento facial de quatro meninas portadoras de disostose mandibulofacial do ambulatório do curso de Mestrado em Prótese Buco-maxilo-facial da Faculdade de dontologia de Säo José dos Campos, da UNESP. Foram instalados aparelhos ativadores de crescimento mandibular de Rossi por um período médico de um ano e a avaliaçäo foi feita pela comparaçäo de decalques obtidos de radiografias cefalométricas tiradas antes e após o tratamento e da mediçäo da sobressaliência em modelos de gesso tomados na mesma época que as radiografias. Os resultados demonstram haver importante incremento do crescimento mandibular com melhora do perfil facial, discreto crescimento do terço médio da face e sensível aumento da altura ântero-inferior. Também notou-se acentuada melhora na posiçäo da mandíbula em relaçäo ao crânio e grande diminuiçäo da sobressaliência, sugerindo que o aparelho proposto pode melhorar significativamente as consequências da disostose mandibulofacial

Sindrome de Treacher Collins ou sindrome de Franceschetti-Klein ou disostose mandibulo-facial / Treacher Collins syndrome or Franceschetti-Klein syndrome or mandibulofacial dysostosis

O autor discute as manifestacoes clinicas, o diagnostico e o tratamento da Sindrome de Treacher Collins

Atypical postaxial acrofacial dysostosis (AFD): diabetic embryopathy or a new AFD syndrome?

We report on a Brazilian girl, born to a diabetic mother, and presenting with atypical pre/postaxial acrofacial dysostosis, nosologically related to the Genée-Wiedemann syndrome. Clinical and genetic aspects of this acrofacial dysostosis and its relationship to diabetic embryopathy are discussed.

Disostose mandíbulo-facial: síndrome de Treacher-Collins; relato de um caso e revisäo da literatura / Mandibulo-facial dysostosis: Treacher-Collins syndrome; report of a case and literature review

Apresenta-se um caso de Síndrome de Treacher-Collins, enfatizando-se a importância do diagnóstico precoce desta patologia e da necessidade de acompanhamento destes pacientes, com a finalidade de detectar distúrbios auditivos capazes de alterar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e social. A literatura mostra-se pobre pela raridade de ocorrência