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1.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 22(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165153

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Las deficiencias nutricionales calórico-proteicas y de micronutrientes impiden el crecimiento y el desarrollo normal de los individuos, limitando el rendimiento escolar, laboral e incrementando el riesgo de morbimortalidad poblacional. El objetivo fue hacer una suplementación con zinc (Zn) y establecer el estado nutricional antropométrico, bioquímico, así como determinar el consumo de alimentos, las condiciones socioeconómicas y la posible relación con los parámetros nutricionales e infestación parasitaria en niños preescolares. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, longitudinal prospectivo doble ciego, con un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas. Participaron 47 niños de los HOGAIN del Edo Lara con los indicadores Talla/Edad y Peso/Edad con valores igual o por debajo del percentil 10. Resultados: El déficit nutricional osciló entre 25%-33%, aunque el 66% de los niños con un consumo inadecuado de energía y nutrientes presentaron un estado nutricional antropométrico normal; la ingesta de proteínas, fibra y vitamina A fue superior al rango considerado como aceptable. Los alimentos más consumidos fueron los cereales y lácteos siendo estos la principal fuente de proteínas vegetal y animal respectivamente. No hubo diferencias significativas entre las medias antropométricas de ambos grupos. La prevalencia de niños con déficit disminuyó después de la suplementación en todos los indicadores antropométricos excepto T/E. Después de la suplementación, el porcentaje de anémicos y deficientes de Zn disminuyó en un 6% y 15%. Conclusiones: Más del 80% de la población estudiada se encuentra en situación de pobreza. En el grupo suplementado se observa un efecto positivo en los indicadores antropométricos, y disminuye la prevalencia de deficientes de Zn. Se recomienda extender el periodo de suplementación, o tomar en consideración la deficiencia de otros micronutrientes (AU)


Background: Deficiencies in caloric-protein nutrient and micronutrients impede normal growth and development of individuals, limiting school and work performance and increasing the risk of population morbidity and mortality. The aim was to make a zinc (Zn) supplementation and to establish anthropometric and biochemical nutritional status, as well to determine food consumption, socioeconomic conditions and possible relationship with nutritional parameters and parasite infestation in preschool children. Methods: A prospective longitudinal double-blind stydy was conducted, with non-probabilistic sampling by quotas. Participants were 47 children from HOGAIN in Lara State with height/age and weight/age indicators, with values equal or below the 10th percentile. Results: The nutritional deficit ranged from 25%-33%, although 66% of children with inadequate energy and nutrient intake had normal anthropometric nutritional status; the intake of protein, fiber and vitamin A was higher than the range considered acceptable. The most consumed foods were cereals and dairy products, being these the main source of vegetable and animal proteins respectively. There were no significant differences between the anthropometric means of both groups. The prevalence of children with deficits decreased after supplementation in all anthropometric indicators except T / E. After supplementation, the percentage of anemic and deficient Zn decreased by 6% and 15%. Conclusions: More than 80% of the population studied is in poverty. In the supplemented group, a positive effect was observed on the anthropometric indicators, and the prevalence of Zn deficiency decreased. It is recommended to extend the period of supplementation, or to take into account the deficiency of other micronutrients (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Creches/normas , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Antropometria/métodos , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Creches/organização & administração , Cuidado da Criança , Deficiência de Zinco , Enteropatias Parasitárias/dietoterapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Peso-Estatura/fisiologia , Venezuela/epidemiologia , Declaração de Helsinki , Vitamina A/administração & dosagem
2.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 101(1): 41-48, ene. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-74334

RESUMO

Objetivo: el estudio tiene como objetivo observar la respuestaal tratamiento con SRO o SRO + tanato de gelatina en dos cohortesde pacientes pediátricos que presentan diarrea aguda, siendoel número de deposiciones a las 12 horas desde el tratamientoinicial el criterio principal de valoración de la eficacia.Métodos: en el estudio se incluyeron niños de entre 3 meses y12 años de edad. Únicamente se incluyeron niños con diarreaaguda, con más de 3 deposiciones líquidas y menos de 72 horasde evolución. Se registró la variable principal del número de deposicionesy de análisis como número absoluto, categorizado como<= 3 y >= 4 deposiciones en 12 horas y como un índice de disminuciónde deposiciones (IDD). Se registraron otras variables clínicascomo peso, fiebre, vómitos, características de las deposiciones ysignos de peritonitis/sepsis.Resultados: las características principales para las dos poblacionesfueron una edad media de 2,3 años en el grupo de SRO yde 2,6 años en el grupo de SRO + tanato de gelatina. Los niñosmenores de 2 años representaban el 59,8% de los integrantes delgrupo de SRO y el 54,3% de los del grupo de SRO + tanato degelatina. Se registraron variables clínicas como vómitos, deshidratación,peso, fiebre, vómitos, características de las deposiciones ysignos de peritonitis/sepsis. Se creó un índice de disminución delas deposiciones (IDD = final [12 h] - deposiciones iniciales/deposicióninicial) para comparar los dos grupos. Encontramos una diferenciaestadísticamente significativa entre los dos grupos (p <0,0001), el SDI del grupo de SRO fue de -0,1894 y el del grupode SRO + tanato de gelatina fue -0,6023.Conclusiones: observamos una disminución significativa enel número de deposiciones y una mejora en la consistencia de lasdeposiciones en el grupo de SRO + tanato de gelatina...(AU)


Aim: the study aims to observe the response to treatment with ORS only or ORS + gelatin tannate in two cohorts of pediatric patients with acute diarrhea, with the primary efficacy endpoint being the number of stools at 12 hours from baseline. Methods: children aged 3 months to 12 years were included in the study. Only children with acute diarrhea, more than 3 liquid stools, and duration inferior to 72 h were included. Number of stools was recorded as absolute number, categorized as <= 3 and >= 4 stools over 12 hours, and as a stool decrease index (SDI). Other clinical variables were recorded, including weight, fever, vomiting, stool characteristics, and signs of peritonitis/sepsis. Results: baseline characteristics for the two populations included a mean age of 2.3 years in the ORS group and 2.6 years in the ORS + gelatin tannate group. Children younger than 2 years represented 59.8 and 54.3% in the ORS and ORS + gelatin tannate groups, respectively. Clinical variables such as vomiting, dehydration, weigth, and stool decrease index were used to compare the two groups. We found a statistical significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.0001) -- SDI for the ORS group was -0.1894; for the ORS + gelatin tannate group was -0.6023. Conclusions: we observed a significant decrease in the number of stools and an improvement in the consistency of stools in the ORS + gelatin tannate group. Other clinical variables such as vomiting, dehydration, weight, bloody stools, and peritonitis/sepsis signs showed no statistical differences between the two groups, but did show a general trend toward improvement. The Stool Decrease Index (SDI) showed a 18% decrease in the number of stools for the ORS group and 60% for the ORS + gelatin tannate group. The use of ORS + gelatin tannate was associated with a greater decrease in SDI. Gelatin tannate decreased the number of stools at twelve hours in children(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Diarreia/complicações , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/terapia , Hidratação , Soluções para Reidratação/uso terapêutico , Taninos/uso terapêutico , Enteropatias/dietoterapia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/dietoterapia , Infecções/dietoterapia
3.
J Helminthol ; 70(4): 351-4, 1996 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8960231

RESUMO

The effects of high fat diets (HFDs) on the host-parasite relationship of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. Two HFDs were used, one consisting of a customized high fat diet (CHFD) with 45% lipid in the form of cottonseed oil, and the second consisting of an egg yolk diet (EYD) from domestic hens' eggs, with 31% lipid. Controls for both diets consisted of mice fed a standard laboratory diet with 5% lipid. Mice were each fed 25 cysts of E. caproni by stomach tube and necropsied 2, 3 and 4 weeks postinfection (PI). The weight of mice on the CHFD declined significantly compared to mice on the control diet, but there was no significant decline in weight of mice fed EYD compared to the controls. Worm recoveries from mice on both HFDs were significantly less than those from control hosts. There was a significant decline in worm dry weight, body area and uterine egg counts in worms on HFD compared to those on the control diet. Worms from hosts on HFD were located more anteriad in the gut than those recovered from mice on the control diet.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Echinostoma/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Equinostomíase/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Animais , Peso Corporal , Gorduras na Dieta/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Echinostoma/fisiologia , Equinostomíase/dietoterapia , Feminino , Fertilidade , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Enteropatias Parasitárias/dietoterapia , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Camundongos
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