RESUMO
Analizar factores clínico-patológicos en pacientes con biopsia del ganglio centinela positiva, para predecir afectación de ganglios no centinelas, y omitir la disección axilar. Datos de todas las pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma infiltrante de la mama entre año 2000 y abril de 2010, sometidas a biopsia ganglio centinela. Se excluyeron las que recibieron neoadyuvancia quedando 219 pacientes. En aquellas con biopsia positiva se estableció relación entre factores clínico-patológicos evaluados y presencia de ganglios no centinelas positivos en disección axilar, utilizando análisis univariable conprueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson y multivariable através de modelo de regresión logística. Positiva (20%). Se encontraron ganglios no centinelas positivos en 22 (50%). En el análisis univariable grado nuclear III, presencia de invasión linfovascular y número de ganglios centinelas positivos (2 o más) se asociaron a enfermedad axilar residual. Solo la presencia de invasión linfovascular fue predictor independiente de metástasis en ganglios no centinelas. Presencia de invasión linfovascular aumenta significativamente posibilidad de enfermedad axilar residual luego de biopsia ganglio centinela positiva. La presencia de enfermedad adicional luego de biopsia positiva es considerable (50%). No pudimos establecer ningún grupo de factores que proporcionara un punto de corte para omitir la disección axilar. A pesar de la evidencia analizada del posible control de la enfermedad residual axilar por parte de la quimioterapia y la radioterapia, toda paciente con biopsia positiva de ganglio centinela debe ser sometida a disección axilar.
Our aim was to determine which clinic pathologic factors can predict involve of non sentinel lymph nodes when the sentinel lymph node biopsy is positive, soto omit the axillaries lymph node dissection. The data of all patients with invasive breast carcinoma, between 2000 and April 2010, who underwent (271), was reviewed. We excluded the patients who received neo adjuvant therapy, remaining 219 patients. Univariate (Chi square test), and multivariate analysis in a logistical regression model was used to establish the association within some clinic pathologic factors and involve of non sentinel nodes in the group of patients with positive. Positive sentinel was found in 44 patients (20%). Non sentinel positive lymph nodes were recorded in 22 (50%). Nuclear grade III, lymph vascular invasion and number of positive sentinel nodes (2 or more) were associated with residual axillaries disease in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis only lymph vascular invasion was an independent predictor of metastases in non sentinel lymph nodes. Lymph vascular invasion enhances the chance of axillaries residual disease in patients with positive biopsy. The residual disease after positive biopsy is significant (50%). We can´t find a group of factors that could help to decide in which patients we can omit the axillaries dissection. There is some evidence that chemotherapy and radiotherapy can control axillaries residual disease. Even in this context all patients with positive sentinel biopsy must undergo axillaries dissection.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Excisão de Linfonodo , Gânglios/citologia , Gânglios/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/sangue , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Escala Fujita-Pearson , PrognósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intrauterine infusions have been widely used for the treatment of endometritis in the mare. Nevertheless, their consequences on endocrine and endometrial molecular aspects are unknown. We studied the effect of a 1% povidone-iodine solution intrauterine infusion on progesterone levels, endometrial histology and estrogen (ERα) and progesterone (PR) receptor distribution by immunohistochemistry. METHODS: Fourteen healthy mares were used in this study. Estruses were synchronized and seven mares were treated with intrauterine infusions at days 0 and 2 post ovulation of two consecutive estrous cycles. Uterine biopsy samples were taken on days 6 and 15 post ovulation. RESULTS: The treatment did not induce an inflammatory response indicating endometritis, neither affected the ERα. However, it reduced the percentage of PR positive cells (PPC) on day 6 (deep glandular epithelium, control: 95.7 vs. infused: 61.5, P < 0.05). Treated mares tended to have lower progesterone levels on day 2 (3.9 ng/ml vs. 6.6 ng/ml, P = 0.07), and higher levels on day 15 compared with controls (4.4 ng/ml vs. 1.3 ng/ml, P = 0.07). CONCLUSION: a 1% povidone-iodine infusion during days 0 and 2 post ovulation in healthy mares did not induce histological changes indicating endometritis, but altered progesterone concentrations and reduced the expression of endometrial PR at day 6 without affecting the ERα. These changes could reduce embryo survival.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/administração & dosagem , Endométrio/efeitos dos fármacos , Endométrio/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Cavalos/metabolismo , Povidona-Iodo/administração & dosagem , Progesterona/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Animais , Biópsia/veterinária , Vias de Administração de Medicamentos/veterinária , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/sangue , Feminino , Cavalos/sangue , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Progesterona/sangue , Receptores de Progesterona/sangue , ÚteroRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes and their relationship with the lumbar spine or femoral neck bone mineral density in healthy pre and perimenopausal women from Córdoba (Argentina) and adjacent areas. Genotypes were assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction technique. Bsm I and Fok I for vitamin D receptor gene and Xbal and Pvull for estrogen receptor gene were used as restrictases. Two hundred and ten healthy pre and perimenopausal women were recruited and analyzed by age. Calcemia and serum parathyroid hormone did not change, but serum P and beta-CrossLaps decreased with age. Femoral neck bone mineral density decreased significantly after 30 years old. Vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotype frequencies were similar to those from other Caucasian women. No association between vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes with the lumbar spine or femoral neck bone mineral density has been detected. Analysis of interaction between vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genes using covariates such as age, height and body mass index did not show any influence of the combination of those genotypes on bone mineral density. Lifestyle, smoking and alcohol intake had no effect on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density. To conclude, these data do not support the hypothesis that vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes influence on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density in healthy pre and perimenopausal women from this area of Argentina.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea/genética , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Genótipo , Menopausa/genética , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Argentina , Biomarcadores/sangue , Reabsorção Óssea/sangue , Cálcio da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Cálcio da Dieta/sangue , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/sangue , Feminino , Colo do Fêmur/metabolismo , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares/metabolismo , Menopausa/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perimenopausa/sangue , Perimenopausa/genética , Fósforo/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Pré-Menopausa/sangue , Pré-Menopausa/genética , Receptores de Calcitriol/sangueRESUMO
El propósito del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de los genotipos de los receptores de vitamina D y de estrógeno y su relación con la densidad mineral ósea en mujeres sanas pre y perimenopáusicas de la ciudad de Córdoba y alrededores. Los genotipos se determinaron con la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y análisis de los polimorfismos de longitud de fragmentos de restricción. Se usaron como restrictasas Bsm I y Fok I para el gen del receptor de vitamina D y Pvu II y Xba I para el gen del receptor de estrógeno. Se reclutaron y agruparon por edad doscientos diez mujeres pre y peri-menopáusicas. Sus niveles séricos de Ca y de hormona paratiroidea fueron similares, pero los de fósforo y b-Cross Laps disminuyeron con la edad. La densidad mineral ósea de cuello femoral disminuyó después de los 30 años. Las frecuencias genotípicas de ambos receptores fueron similares a aquéllas de otras mujeres caucásicas. No hubo asociación entre los genotipos de los receptores y la densidad mineral ósea. Los análisis de interacción entre ambos genes no evidenciaron influencia sobre la densidad mineral ósea, utilizándose edad, talla e índice de masa corporal como covariables. Los estilos de vida y hábitos de fumar y beber alcohol tampoco afectaron la densidad mineral ósea. En conclusión, estos datos no sostienen la hipótesis de que los genotipos de los receptores de vitamina D y de estrógeno influencian la densidad mineral ósea de columna lumbar y cuello femoral en mujeres sanas pre y perimenopáusicas de esta región de Argentina.(AU)
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes and their relationship with the lumbar spine or femoral neck bone mineral density in healthy pre and perimenopausal women from Córdoba (Argentina) and adjacent areas. Genotypes were assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction technique. Bsm I and Fok I for vitamin D receptor gene and XbaI and PvuII for estrogen receptor gene were used as restrictases. Two hundred and ten healthy pre and perimenopausal women were recruited and analyzed by age. Calcemia and serum parathyroid hormone did not change, but serum P and b-CrossLaps decreased with age. Femoral neck bone mineral density decreased significantly after 30 years old. Vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotype frequencies were similar to those from other Caucasian women. No association between vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes with the lumbar spine or femoral neck bone mineral density has been detected. Analysis of interaction between vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genes using covariates such as age, height and body mass index did not show any influence of the combination of those genotypes on bone mineral density. Lifestyle, smoking and alcohol intake had no effect on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density. To conclude, these data do not support the hypothesis that vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes influence on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density in healthy pre and perimenopausal women from this area of Argentina.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Genótipo , Frequência do Gene/genética , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/genética , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Densidade Óssea/genética , Menopausa/genética , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/sangue , Receptores de Calcitriol/sangue , Vértebras Lombares/metabolismo , Colo do Fêmur/metabolismo , Perimenopausa/genética , Perimenopausa/sangue , Pré-Menopausa/sangue , Pré-Menopausa/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Biomarcadores/sangue , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Fósforo/sangue , Reabsorção Óssea/sangue , Cálcio da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Cálcio da Dieta/sangue , Análise de Variância , Argentina , Menopausa/sangueRESUMO
El propósito del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de los genotipos de los receptores de vitamina D y de estrógeno y su relación con la densidad mineral ósea en mujeres sanas pre y perimenopáusicas de la ciudad de Córdoba y alrededores. Los genotipos se determinaron con la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y análisis de los polimorfismos de longitud de fragmentos de restricción. Se usaron como restrictasas Bsm I y Fok I para el gen del receptor de vitamina D y Pvu II y Xba I para el gen del receptor de estrógeno. Se reclutaron y agruparon por edad doscientos diez mujeres pre y peri-menopáusicas. Sus niveles séricos de Ca y de hormona paratiroidea fueron similares, pero los de fósforo y b-Cross Laps disminuyeron con la edad. La densidad mineral ósea de cuello femoral disminuyó después de los 30 años. Las frecuencias genotípicas de ambos receptores fueron similares a aquéllas de otras mujeres caucásicas. No hubo asociación entre los genotipos de los receptores y la densidad mineral ósea. Los análisis de interacción entre ambos genes no evidenciaron influencia sobre la densidad mineral ósea, utilizándose edad, talla e índice de masa corporal como covariables. Los estilos de vida y hábitos de fumar y beber alcohol tampoco afectaron la densidad mineral ósea. En conclusión, estos datos no sostienen la hipótesis de que los genotipos de los receptores de vitamina D y de estrógeno influencian la densidad mineral ósea de columna lumbar y cuello femoral en mujeres sanas pre y perimenopáusicas de esta región de Argentina.
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes and their relationship with the lumbar spine or femoral neck bone mineral density in healthy pre and perimenopausal women from Córdoba (Argentina) and adjacent areas. Genotypes were assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction technique. Bsm I and Fok I for vitamin D receptor gene and XbaI and PvuII for estrogen receptor gene were used as restrictases. Two hundred and ten healthy pre and perimenopausal women were recruited and analyzed by age. Calcemia and serum parathyroid hormone did not change, but serum P and b-CrossLaps decreased with age. Femoral neck bone mineral density decreased significantly after 30 years old. Vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotype frequencies were similar to those from other Caucasian women. No association between vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes with the lumbar spine or femoral neck bone mineral density has been detected. Analysis of interaction between vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genes using covariates such as age, height and body mass index did not show any influence of the combination of those genotypes on bone mineral density. Lifestyle, smoking and alcohol intake had no effect on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density. To conclude, these data do not support the hypothesis that vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor genotypes influence on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density in healthy pre and perimenopausal women from this area of Argentina.