Accelerated ethanol elimination via the lungs.

Ethanol poisoning is endemic the world over. Morbidity and mortality depend on blood ethanol levels which in turn depend on the balance between its rates of absorption and clearance. Clearance of ethanol is mostly at a constant rate via enzymatic metabolism. We hypothesized that isocapnic hyperpnea (IH), previously shown to be effective in acceleration of clearance of vapour anesthetics and carbon monoxide, would also accelerate the clearance of ethanol. In this proof-of-concept pilot study, five healthy male subjects were brought to a mildly elevated blood ethanol concentration (~ 0.1%) and ethanol clearance monitored during normal ventilation and IH on different days. IH increased elimination rate of ethanol in proportion to blood levels, increasing the elimination rate more than three-fold. Increased veno-arterial ethanol concentration differences during IH verified the efficacy of ethanol clearance via the lung. These data indicate that IH is a nonpharmacologic means to accelerate the elimination of ethanol by superimposing first order elimination kinetics on underlying zero order liver metabolism. Such kinetics may prove useful in treating acute severe ethanol intoxication.

Proteomics of exhaled breath condensate in stable COPD and non-COPD controls using tandem mass tags (TMTs) quantitative mass spectrometry: A pilot study.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is now a safe and clinically significant measurement which has a huge potential to measure biomarkers in COPD. Previous studies profiled the pooled EBC samples from COPD or control participants due to technological limitations. In our study, 32 COPD patients and 28 control individuals were enrolled, and their EBC were collected. After matching with sex, age and smoking history, EBC samples of 19 COPD patients and 19 control individuals were analyzed using tandem mass tags (TMTs) quantitative mass spectrometry individually. A total of 257 proteins were identified. Compared with control group, 24 proteins (15 upregulated and 9 downregulated) were differentially expressed in COPD patients. The GO analysis of these differential proteins expressed mostly in the cytoplasm, and the KEGG analysis showed they had a predominant role in inflammatory response. And ACTB, UBC, TUBB and CCT2 involving in cell motility and cytoskeleton played important role in the interaction-net of these proteins. To sum up, we found some proteins might be novel biomarkers of EBC in COPD and TMTs was available to analyze proteomics in individual EBC samples. SIGNIFICANCE: It is still difficult to understand the mechanism of airway inflammation in COPD. Exhaled breath condensate(EBC) might be a great study object, but due to technological limitations, researchers preferred to use pooled EBC samples. This study analyzed individual EBC samples, which would deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD. And this method can be applied to individual EBC samples for further airway investigations of different purpose and different complexity.

Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) Combined with Pulmonary Function Parameters Shows Increased Sensitivity and Specificity for the Diagnosis of Cough Variant Asthma in Children.

BACKGROUND Cough variant asthma in children presents with a dry nonproductive cough. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) combined with small airway functional parameters in cough variant asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Children with asthma (n=136) were divided into a cough variant asthma (CVA) group (n=57; mean age, 8.03±2.1 years) and a non-cough variant asthma (nCVA) group (n=79; mean age, 8.61±1.7 years). In both groups, FeNO and other pulmonary function parameters were measured including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory flow (FEF), and maximum expiratory flow at 25%, 50%, and 75% expired volume (MEF25, MEF50, and MEF75). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis compared the sensitivity and specificity between the diagnostic parameters. RESULTS The FeNO values were significantly increased in the CVA group compared with the nCVA group (Z=6.890, p<0.001). The MMEF, MEF25, MEF50, and MEF75 values were significantly lower in the CVA group compared with the nCVA group (p=0.000, p=0.014, p=0.000, and p=0.000, respectively). The FeNO values were negatively correlated with MEF25, MEF50, and MMEF (ρ=-0.334, ρ=-0.257 and ρ=-0.276, respectively). FeNO was significantly more efficient diagnosing cough variant asthma comparing with pulmonary parameters (p<0.05), and was most sensitive and specific when combined with MMEF/MEF50 compared with single diagnostic parameters (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS FeNO combined with pulmonary function parameters of MMEF/MEF50 showed increased sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cough variant asthma.

Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure Therapy May Be Performed Poorly by Children With Cystic Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Oscillating positive expiratory pressure devices aid removal of excess secretions and reduce gas trapping in patients with hypersecretory pulmonary diseases, for example, cystic fibrosis. Oscillating positive expiratory pressure works when the patient exhales actively against a fixed resistor, which generates mean intrapulmonary pressures of 10-20 cm H2O with rapid fluctuations of at least 1 cm H2O from the mean. In this study, we evaluated the performance of oscillating positive expiratory pressure therapy by pediatric subjects with cystic fibrosis to determine adherence to target therapeutic pressures. METHODS: Twenty-one pediatric subjects were recruited. Each had a history of using an oscillating positive expiratory pressure device twice daily and had received standardized training and instructions from the same specialist physiotherapist. Performance was evaluated by using a flow and pressure sensor placed in-line between the participant's mouth and the device. The participants performed expirations as per their normal routine. RESULTS: None of the participants achieved target therapeutic pressure ranges during expiration. The mean ± SD pressure generated was 16.2 ± 6.8 cm H2O, whereas mean ± SD flow was 31.3 ± 8.9 L/min. The mean ± SD expiration length was 2.5 ± 1.4 s. CONCLUSIONS: Despite standardized instruction, the results demonstrated considerable variation among the participants and overall poor technique during use. Outcomes of this study indicated that airway clearance effects of oscillating positive expiratory pressure were compromised due to poor technique.

Exhaled acetone and isoprene in perioperative lung cancer patients under intensive oral care: possible indicators of inflammatory responses and metabolic changes.

One of the most severe complications of lung resection is postoperative pneumonia, and its prevention and prediction are critical. Exhaled acetone and isoprene are thought to be related to metabolism; however, little is known on their relationship with bacteria living in the oral cavity or their meaning in the acute phase in perioperative lung cancer patients. We measured acetone and isoprene in exhaled breath of 13 Japanese patients with lung cancer (3 women and 10 men, age range 62-82 years, mean 72.4 years) before breakfast during hospitalization, and compared with two acute-phase proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin in blood serum, as well as the total number of bacteria in saliva and their activity to produce acetone and isoprene. Before operation, intensive oral care was carried out for each patient to prevent postoperative pneumonia, and swallowing and cough reflexes were measured for 12 of 13 patients to assess risk of postoperative pneumonia. Breath and saliva were sampled before intensive oral care (T1), after oral care but before operation (T2), and after operation (T3) during hospitalization. The total number of oral bacteria in saliva decreased significantly from T1 to T2 among 13 patients. No acetone or isoprene was detected from saliva after in vitro incubation under anaerobic or aerobic conditions, but both acetone and isoprene were detected in breath. After operation, breath acetone correlated significantly with CRP (Spearman's ρ = 0.559, P = 0.03), but not with albumin. Breath isoprene correlated significantly with albumin (Spearman's ρ = 0.659, P = 0.008), but not with CRP after operation. Although the number of subjects was small, our results support the hypothesis that breath acetone and isoprene may be related with these acute-phase proteins, which reflect inflammatory reactions and subsequent changes in metabolism in the early postoperative phase of lung resection.

Comparing the Performance Characteristics of Different Positive Expiratory Pressure Devices.

BACKGROUND: Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices are widely used in clinical settings, yet the performance characteristics of these devices remain relatively unknown. This study compared the performance characteristics of 6 airway clearance devices by varying resistance and flow. METHODS: Mean PEP, peak PEP, oscillation frequency, and amplitude PEP of the Flutter, Pari PEP S, Acapella Choice, Acapella DM, Acapella DH, and Aerobika devices were obtained across flows of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 L/min and at low, medium, and high resistance using an experimental apparatus custom-built for this bench study. RESULTS: Performance characteristics of the devices differed across flows and resistance settings (device × flow/resistance interaction; P < .001). At a fixed resistance, increasing flows increased mean PEP produced by the Acapella Choice, Acapella DH, Aerobika, and Pari PEP S. Increasing flow resulted in minimal change in mean PEP produced by the Flutter and Acapella DM. Increasing flow increased peak PEP and amplitude PEP produced by all devices except the Acapella DH and Acapella Choice. Increasing flow maintained or increased oscillation frequency for all devices except the Flutter. At a fixed flow, increasing resistance increased mean PEP produced by all devices except the Acapella Choice. Increasing resistance increased peak PEP produced by the Acapella DM, Aerobika, and Pari PEP S but resulted in minimal change in peak PEP for the Flutter and Acapella Choice. Increasing resistance either maintained or increased oscillation frequency for all devices. Amplitude PEP was either maintained or increased during oscillations when increasing resistance for all devices except the Flutter. CONCLUSIONS: PEP devices produced small but statistically significant variations in performance characteristics across a range of flows and resistance settings. There appear to be flow-dependent and non-flow-dependent devices. Varying flow or resistance typically maintained or increased the production of mean, peak, and amplitude PEP and oscillation frequency.

An Artificial Cough Maneuver to Remove Secretions From Below the Endotracheal Tube Cuff.

BACKGROUND: Endotracheal suctioning is mandatory to prevent complications caused by the retention of tracheal secretions. Endotracheal suctioning is often performed late, when patients show signs of respiratory and hemodynamic alterations. We conceived a prototype device that, when synchronized with the ventilator, automatically removes secretions collected below the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff, thus avoiding endotracheal suctioning. The aim of our investigation was to assess the performance of this novel prototype in vitro. METHODS: Three studies were performed to examine the characteristics of the prototype. We tested device's ability to generate an effective artificial cough flow (artificial cough maneuver) > 1 L/s by rapidly deflating the ETT cuff within the time of a sustained inflation (at 30 and at 40 cm H2O) (cough flow study). We also tested the prototype's ability to remove the fluid positioned below the ETT cuff using saline dye (fluid removal study), and to prevent the aspiration of saline dye from above the ETT cuff during the deflation phase of the ETT cuff (aspiration study). The trachea model was positioned at 45° in the aspiration study, and horizontally in the other two studies. RESULTS: In the cough flow study, the prototype provided an effective artificial cough maneuver, with a mean ± SD of 1.78 ± 0.19 L/s (range, 1.42-2.14 L/s). The tracheal pressure after ETT cuff deflation never decreased below the PEEP level. In the fluid removal study, the prototype cleared the fluid from below the ETT cuff and the experimental trachea. No fluid was aspirated from the area above the ETT cuff toward the lower airways. CONCLUSIONS: We conceived an system capable of automatically expelling fluid from below the ETT cuff outside an experimental trachea by generating an artificial cough maneuver. This system may decrease the use of endotracheal suctioning and its complications. Future in vivo studies are needed to confirm this first in vitro evaluation.

Changes in fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels after bronchial challenge with Aspirin in patients with Aspirin-induced asthma

No disponible

Elevated exhaled nitric oxide in adolescents is associated with incident allergic symptoms: a prospective cohort study

Background: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a marker of type-2 inflammation in the airways. Elevated FeNO may precede the development of allergic disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between elevated FeNO and the development of allergic symptoms. Methods: A total of 959 adolescents from the general population and their parents completed a standardized questionnaire. Lung function and FeNO were assessed at baseline. Four years later, 921 of these individuals (96%) completed the same version of the baseline questionnaire. Results: Adolescents with self-reported incident allergic symptoms to cat (n=50) or dog (n=33) had higher baseline FeNO (P<.001) than those without allergic symptoms to cat and dog at both time points (n=776 and n=838, respectively). Adolescents with incident allergic symptoms to pollen did not have elevated baseline FeNO. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR [95%CI]) for incident allergic symptoms to cat was 4.2 (2.2-8.0) times higher if FeNO was >75th percentile (vs <75th percentile) at baseline. This was consistent after exclusion of individuals with reported asthma, wheeze, or rhinitis at baseline (8.6 [3.0-24.1]). Conclusion: Elevated FeNO in adolescents was associated with an increased risk of developing allergic symptoms to cat and dog allergens, but not to pollen allergens, after 4 years

Introducción: La fracción de óxido nítrico exhalado (FeNO) es un marcador de inflamación de tipo 2 en las vías respiratorias y un valor de FeNO elevado puede preceder al desarrollo de enfermedad alérgica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la asociación entre FeNO elevado y el desarrollo posterior de síntomas alérgicos. Métodos: Un total de 959 adolescentes, procedentes de población general, respondieron, junto con sus padres, a un cuestionario estandarizado, realizaron una prueba de función pulmonar y una medición de FeNO en una visita basal. Cuatro años después, 921 de estos sujetos (96%) completaron, la misma versión, en gran medida, del cuestionario de referencia. Resultados: Los adolescentes con síntomas alérgicos incidentes autoinformados por gato (n=50) o perro (n=33) tenían mayor FeNO inicial (p <0,001) que los sujetos sin síntomas alérgicos por estos alérgenos, en cualquier momento del estudio (n=776 y n=838, respectivamente). Por el contrario, los adolescentes con síntomas alérgicos incidentes por polen no presentaban un FeNO inicial elevado. La razón de riesgo ajustada [aOR (intervalo de confianza del 95%)] para síntomas alérgicos incidentes por gato fue 4,2 (2,2, 8,0) veces mayor si el FeNO fue mayor que percentil 75 de la muestra (vs. menor del percentil 75) al inicio del estudio. Este resultado se mantuvo también después de la exclusión de los sujetos con asma, sibilancias o rinitis notificados al inicio del estudio [aOR (IC 95%) 8,6 (3,0, 24,1)].Conclusiones: El FeNO elevado en adolescentes se relacionó con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar en los cuatro años siguientes síntomas alérgicos inducidos por gatos y perros, pero no por los alérgenos del polen

Relationship of genetic determinants of height with cardiometabolic and pulmonary traits in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Background: Associations of adult height with cardiometabolic and pulmonary traits have been studied in majority European ancestry populations using Mendelian randomization and polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis. The standard PRS approach entails creating a PRS for height using variants identified in prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS). It is unclear how well the standard PRS approach performs in non-European populations and whether height-trait associations observed in Europeans are also observed in other populations. Methods: In the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), we used: (i) the standard approach to create a PRS for height (PRS1) and (ii) a novel approach to optimize the selection of variants from previously established height association loci to better explain height in HCHS/SOL (PRS2). We also estimated the extent to which PRS-trait associations were independent or mediated by the PRS effect on height. Results: In 7539 women and 5245 men, PRS1 and PRS2 explained 9 and 29% of the variance in measured height, respectively. Both PRS1 and PRS2 were associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/ FVC ratio, total cholesterol and 2-hour oral glucose-tolerance test insulin levels. Additionally, PRS2 was associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate and ankle brachial index. Both PRS1 and PRS2 had pleiotropic associations with FEV1/ FVC ratio in mediation analyses. Conclusions: Associations of polygenic scores of height with measures of lung function and cholesterol were consistent with those observed in prior studies of majority European ancestry populations. Mediation analysis may augment standard PRS approaches to disentangle pleiotropic and mediated effects.

Change of Exhaled Acetone Concentration Levels in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

Exhaled acetone concentration is one of the expected compounds to be a breath biomarker in heart failure. However, it has not been clarified how exhaled acetone concentration changes in clinical course of heart failure.To investigate whether exhaled acetone concentration changes after treatment in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).This study included 19 patients with ADHF (ADHF group) and eight patients with stable heart failure (control group). Exhaled acetone was collected from these patients, and the concentration was measured with gas chromatography.The ADHF group had higher heart rates (P = 0.046), higher New York Heart Association class (P < 0.001), higher levels of brain natriuretic peptide (P = 0.026), blood total ketone bodies (P = 0.015), and exhaled acetone concentration (P < 0.001), compared with the control group. In ADHF group, exhaled acetone concentration significantly decreased after treatment (median: 2.40 versus 0.92 ppm, P < 0.001). However, in the control group, exhaled acetone concentration did not significantly change (median: 0.73 versus 0.49 ppm, P = 0.141).In these preliminary findings, exhaled acetone concentration in patients with ADHF drastically decreased by treatment. Serial exhaled acetone measurement might be useful to evaluate the course of ADHF.

The association between a positive lactulose methane breath test and rectocele in constipated patients

Objectives: Rectocele with constipation might be related to methane (CH4) producing intestinal bacteria. We investigated the breath CH4 levels and the clinical characteristics of colorectal motility in constipated patients with rectocele. Methods: A database of consecutive female outpatients was reviewed for the evaluation of constipation according to the Rome III criteria. The patients underwent the lactulose CH4 breath test (LMBT), colon marker study, anorectal manometry, defecography and bowel symptom questionnaire. The profiles of the lactulose breath test (LBT) in 33 patients with rectocele (with size ≥ 2 cm) and 26 patients with functional constipation (FC) were compared with the breath test results of 30 healthy control subjects. Results: The mean size of rectocele was 3.52 ± 1.06 cm. The rate of a positive LMBT (LMBT+) was significantly higher in patients with rectocele (33.3%) than in those with FC (23.1%) or healthy controls (6.7%) (p = 0.04). Breath CH4 concentration was positively correlated with rectosigmoid colon transit time in rectocele patients (γ = 0.481, p < 0.01). A maximum high pressure zone pressure > 155 mmHg was a significant independent factor of LMBT+ in rectocele patients (OR = 8.93, 95% CI = 1.14-71.4, p = 0.04). Conclusions: LMBT+ might be expected in constipated patients with rectocele. Moreover, increased rectosigmoid colonic transit or high anorectal pressure might be associated with CH4 breath levels. Breath CH4 could be an important therapeutic target for managing constipated patients with rectocele (AU)

No disponible

Toxicokinetics of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Studies were conducted to determine the distribution and elimination of imidacloprid (IMI) in rainbow trout. Animals were injected with a low (47.6 µg/kg), medium (117.5 µg/kg) or high (232.7 µg/kg) dose directly into the bloodstream and allowed to depurate. The fish were then sampled to characterize the loss of IMI from plasma and its appearance in expired water (all dose groups) and urine (medium dose only). In vitro biotransformation of IMI was evaluated using trout liver S9 fractions. Mean total clearance (CLT) values determined by non-compartmental analysis of plasma time-course data were 21.8, 27.0 and 19.5 mL/h/kg for the low, medium and high dose groups, respectively. Estimated half-lives for the same groups were 67.0, 68.4 and 68.1 h, while fitted values for the steady-state volume of distribution (VSS) were 1.72, 2.23 and 1.81 L/kg. Branchial elimination rates were much lower than expected, suggesting that IMI is highly bound in blood. Renal clearance rates were greater than measured rates of branchial clearance (60% of CLT in the medium dose group), possibly indicating a role for renal membrane transporters. There was no evidence for hepatic biotransformation of IMI. Collectively, these findings suggest that IMI would accumulate in trout in continuous waterborne exposures.

Excessive alcohol consumption induces methane production in humans and rats.

Various studies have established the possibility of non-bacterial methane (CH4) generation in oxido-reductive stress conditions in plants and animals. Increased ethanol input is leading to oxido-reductive imbalance in eukaryotes, thus our aim was to provide evidence for the possibility of ethanol-induced methanogenesis in non-CH4 producer humans, and to corroborate the in vivo relevance of this pathway in rodents. Healthy volunteers consumed 1.15 g/kg/day alcohol for 4 days and the amount of exhaled CH4 was recorded by high sensitivity photoacoustic spectroscopy. Additionally, Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into control, 1.15 g/kg/day and 2.7 g/kg/day ethanol-consuming groups to detect the whole-body CH4 emissions and mitochondrial functions in liver and hippocampus samples with high-resolution respirometry. Mitochondria-targeted L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) can increase tolerance to liver injury, thus the effects of GPC supplementations were tested in further ethanol-fed groups. Alcohol consumption was accompanied by significant CH4 emissions in both human and rat series of experiments. 2.7 g/kg/day ethanol feeding reduced the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of rat liver mitochondria, while GPC significantly decreased the alcohol-induced CH4 formation and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction as well. These data demonstrate a potential for ethanol to influence human methanogenesis, and suggest a biomarker role for exhaled CH4 in association with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Estudio de 5 compuestos orgánicos volátiles en aire exhalado en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / Study of 5 Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introducción: Un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es el humo del tabaco, que genera estrés oxidativo en las vías respiratorias, dando lugar a la producción de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (VOC). El objetivo del trabajo es su identificación en el aire exhalado y su posible utilidad como biomarcadores de la enfermedad. Método: Se analizó el aire exhalado de 100 voluntarios sanos, clasificados en 3 grupos (no fumadores, exfumadores y fumadores activos) y un grupo de 57 pacientes con EPOC. La muestra de aire exhalado se recogió mediante BioVOC® y se traspasó a tubos de desorción para su posterior análisis por cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas. Los VOC analizados fueron aldehídos lineales y ácidos carboxílicos. Resultados: Hexanal mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo EPOC y los controles sanos (no fumadores y exfumadores), y nonanal entre el grupo control no fumador y el grupo EPOC. Conclusiones: Hexanal discrimina entre pacientes con EPOC y controles sanos no fumadores y exfumadores. Nonanal diferencia entre fumadores y exfumadores (con o sin EPOC) frente a controles no fumadores

Introduction: A major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is tobacco smoke, which generates oxidative stress in airways, resulting in the production of volatile organic compounds (VOC). The purpose of this study was to identify VOCs in exhaled breath and to determine their possible use as disease biomarkers. Method: Exhaled breath from 100 healthy volunteers, divided into 3 groups (never smokers, former smokers and active smokers) and exhaled breath from 57 COPD patients were analyzed. Samples were collected using BioVOC® devices and transferred to universal desorption tubes. Compounds were analyzed by thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. VOCs analyzed were linear aldehydesand carboxylic acids. Results: The COPD group and healthy controls (never smokers and former smokers) showed statistically significant differences in hexanal concentrations, and never smokers and the COPD group showed statistically significant differences in nonanal concentrations. Conclusions: Hexanal discriminates between COPD patients and healthy non-smoking controls. Nonanal discriminates between smokers and former smokers (with and without COPD) and never smokers

Exhaled breath condensate in asthma: Are we stupid if we do not keep it simple?

No disponible

Diagnostic value of a pattern of exhaled breath condensate biomarkers in asthmatic children

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing asthma in children is a challenge and using a single biomarker from exhaled breath condensate (EBC) showed the lack of improvement in it. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic potential of a pattern of simple chemical biomarkers from EBC in diagnosing asthma in children in a real-life setting, its association with lung function and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: In 75 consecutive children aged 5-7 years with asthma-like symptoms the following tests were performed: skin prick tests, spirometry, impulse oscillometry (IOS), exhaled NO (FENO), 24-hour oesophageal pH monitoring and EBC collection with subsequent analysis of pH, carbon dioxide tension, oxygen tension, and concentrations of magnesium, calcium, iron and urates. RESULTS: No significant differences were found for individual EBC biomarkers between asthmatics and non-asthmatics (p > 0.05 for all). A pattern of six EBC biomarkers showed a statistically significant (p = 0.046) predictive model for asthma (AUC = 0.698, PPV = 84.2%, NPV = 38.9%). None to moderate association (R2 up to 0.43) between EBC biomarkers and lung function measures and FENO was found, with IOS parameters showing the best association with EBC biomarkers. A significantly higher EBC Fe was found in children with asthma and GERD compared to asthmatics without GERD (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: An approach that involves a pattern of EBC biomarkers had a better diagnostic accuracy for asthma in children in real-life settings compared to a single one. Poor to moderate association of EBC biomarkers with lung function suggests a complementary value of EBC analysis for asthma diagnosis in children

No disponible

Incremento de interleucina-6 (IL-6) en condensado de aire exhalado de niños asmáticos / Increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) in exhaled breath condensate of asthmatic children

No disponible

Effect of exercise duration on pro-oxidants and pH in exhaled breath condensate in humans

Exercise promotes pulmonary oxidative imbalance. In this regard, some evidence has been obtained from the study of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) during urban races, in which the factors involved in the occurrence of this process are still not characterized. In this paper, under laboratory conditions, both the role of time of exercise on the generation of pro-oxidants (H2O2, NO2-) and pH have been assessed in EBC of 16 under-trained subjects who completed three tests of cycloergometric exercise at low intensity (30 % of VO2 max) with a duration of 10, 30, and 90 min. Samples were obtained as follows: immediately before and at 80 min post exertion in each test. In the 90-min test, an increase in H2O2, NO2- concentration in EBC at 80 min post exertion with no changes in the pH was observed. Total O2 consumption and total ventilation weakly correlated with the changes in H2O2 and NO2-. In conclusion, the concentration of pro-oxidants in the EBC depends on the duration of the exercise when it is performed at low intensity under laboratory conditions (AU)

No disponible