Involvement of PTEN and FOXO3a Proteins in the Protective Activity of Protocatechuic Acid Against Cisplatin-Induced Ovarian Toxicity in Mice.

The present study evaluated the effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) after cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity in mice and if PTEN and FOXO3a proteins are involved in PCA action. The mice were divided into five experimental groups (five animals per group) and treated once a day for 3 days as follows: (1) the control group was pretreated with oral administration (o.p.) of saline solution, followed by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of saline solution. The other groups were pretreated (o.p.) with (2) saline solution (cisplatin group), (3) N-acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg of body weight), or with (4) 20 or (5) 50 mg/kg body weight of PCA, followed by 5 mg/kg body weight (i.p.) of cisplatin. Next, the ovaries were destined to histological (morphology and activation), immunohistochemical (PCNA and cleaved caspase-3 expression), and fluorescence (reactive oxygen species [ROS], glutathione [GSH], and active mitochondria levels) analyses. Moreover, the immunoreactivity for p-PTEN and p-FOXO3a was evaluated to investigate a potential mechanism by which PCA could prevent the cisplatin-induced ovarian damage. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine or 20 mg/kg PCA before cisplatin preserved the percentage of normal follicles and cell proliferation as observed in the control, reduced apoptosis and ROS levels, and showed higher active mitochondria and GSH levels than the cisplatin treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, pretreatment with 20 mg/kg PCA decreased cisplatin-induced p-PTEN and increased (P < 0.05) nuclear export of p-FOXO3a. In conclusion, PCA at 20 mg/kg reduced apoptosis, maintained cell proliferation and mitochondrial function, reduced ROS production, and increased GSH expression likely through the involvement of PTEN and FOXO3a proteins.

Supplemented powdered coconut water (ACP-406®) promotes growth of goat secondary follicles and oocyte meiotic resumption.

The objective of this study was to test the efficiency of powdered coconut water (ACP-406®) base-medium without or with the addition of supplements on in vitro culture of isolated goat secondary follicles. Follicles were cultured for 18 days in α-MEM or in ACP-406®, both without supplements (referred to as α-MEM and ACP, respectively), or both supplemented with BSA, insulin, transferrin, selenium, glutamine, hypoxanthine, and ascorbic acid (referred to as α-MEM+ and ACP+). Follicular morphology, antrum formation, follicular and oocyte diameter, levels of glutathione (GSH), and chromatin configuration after in vitro maturation were evaluated. At the end of culture, ACP-406® base-medium (without or with supplements) showed a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of normal follicles than α-MEM (without or with supplements). Antrum formation was similar among α-MEM+, ACP and ACP+, and significantly higher than α-MEM without supplements. The follicular diameter was greater in ACP+ than α-MEM, and similar to other treatments. Moreover, fully and daily grown rates were higher (P < 0.05) in ACP-406® base-medium (without or with supplements) than α-MEM (without or with supplements). Levels of GSH were similar between ACP+ and α-MEM+ treatments. Both ACP+ and α-MEM+ allowed meiotic resumption without a significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, supplemented ACP-406® base-medium maintained follicular survival and promoted the development as well as meiotic resumption of isolated goat secondary follicles cultured in vitro for 18 days.

Impacto da imunização contra o papilomavírus humano na prevenção do câncer do colo do útero: uma revisão integrativa / Impact of immunization against human papillomavirus in the prevention of cervical cancer: an integrative review / Impacto de la inmunización contra el virus del papiloma humano en la prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino: una revisión integradora

Esta revisão integrativa teve como objetivo identificar na literatura a produção científica que estabeleça uma relação entre a vacinação contra o HPV e a prevenção do câncer do colo uterino. No período entre 24 de março e 28 de abril de 2023, foi realizada a busca bibliográfica seguindo os critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, em português, inglês ou espanhol e Qualis CAPES mínimo B2. Para alcançar os objetivos dessa revisão, foram selecionados artigos a partir da análise dos títulos, dos resumos e da leitura integral, excluindo em cada etapa os que não se enquadravam nos critérios pré-estabelecidos. Após busca na base de dados, foram localizados um total de 973 artigos, 58 na PubMed e 915 na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Destes, apenas oito artigos atenderam a todos os critérios e foram incluídos na presente revisão. Os trabalhos incluídos foram publicados, entre os anos de 2018 e 2022, em periódicos internacionais. Existem diversas evidências da relação entre a vacinação contra o HPV e a prevenção do câncer de colo uterino. Porém, a taxa de adesão à vacina ainda é muito baixa, por mais que esta tenha um papel fundamental na prevenção do câncer cervical, bem como na prevenção do câncer de pênis, anal e orofaríngeo e outras infecções pelo HPV.

This integrative review aimed to identify in the literature the scientific production that establishes a relationship between the immunization against HPV and the prevention of cervical cancer. In the period between 24 March and 28 April 2023 it was made a bibliography research following the inclusion criteria: articles published in the last five years, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, and Qualis CAPES minimum as B2. To reach this review goals, there were selected articles based on title analysis, summary and unabridged reading, excluding, in every stage, those that did not enter the preestablished criteria. After the research in the data base, there was found the total of 973 articles, 58 in PubMed and 915 in Virtual Health Library. Only eight articles met all criteria and were included in this review. All the articles included were published, between 2018 and 2022, in international periodicals. There is evidence of a link between HPV vaccination and the prevention to cervical cancer. However, the adhesion to the vaccine is still very low, even if it has a fundamental role in the prevention to cervical, penile, anal and oropharyngeal cancer, as well as in the prevention of other HPV infections.

Esta revisión integradora tuvo como objetivo identificar en la literatura la producción científica que establece una relación entre la inmunización contra el VPH y la prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino. En el período comprendido entre el 24 de marzo y el 28 de abril de 2023 se realizó una investigación bibliográfica siguiendo los criterios de inclusión: artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años, en portugués, inglés o español, y Qualis CAPES mínimo como B2. Para alcanzar los objetivos de esta revisión, se seleccionaron los artículos a partir del análisis del título, resumen y lectura íntegra, excluyendo, en cada etapa, aquellos que no entraban en los criterios preestablecidos. Después de la pesquisa en la base de datos, se encontró el total de 973 artículos, 58 en PubMed y 915 en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Sólo ocho artículos cumplieron todos los criterios y fueron incluidos en esta revisión. Todos los artículos incluidos fueron publicados, entre 2018 y 2022, en publicaciones periódicas internacionales. Existen evidencias de la relación entre la vacunación frente al VPH y la prevención del cáncer de cuello de útero. Sin embargo, la adhesión a la vacuna es todavía muy baja, aunque tenga un papel fundamental en la prevención al cáncer de cuello uterino, pene, ano y orofaringe, así como en la prevención de otras infecciones por VPH.

Involvement of MT2 receptors in protective effects of melatonin against cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal damage in mice

Abstract Melatonin (MLT) reportedly reduces side effects associated with certain antineoplastic agents. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of MLT on cisplatin (CP)-induced gastric emptying (GE) delay. Mice were intraperitoneally pretreated with vehicle (ethanol 5%; control group), MLT (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg), or N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 150 mg/kg), followed by CP treatment (5 mg/kg). Pharmacological modulation was analyzed using relevant receptor antagonists (luzindole: non-selective MT1/MT2 antagonist; 5 mg/kg or 4-P-PDOT: selective MT2 antagonist; 4 mg/kg) before treatment with MLT plus CP. All treatments were performed once daily for three days. GE was assessed using phenol red. Gut morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Compared with the control, CP decreased GE. Pretreatment with NAC and MLT (5 and 10 mg/kg) did not prevent CP-induced gastric dysmotility; however, pretreatment with 20 mg/kg MLT prevented this effect. In addition, luzindole and 4-P-PDOT suppressed MLT-mediated gastroprotection against cytotoxic effects of CP. CP caused degeneration of the gut mucosa, which was attenuated by MLT treatment. Thus, 20 mg/kg MLT prevented the GE delay and decreased CP-induced adverse effects on the gut mucosa. In addition, the gastroprotective activity was mediated via the MT2 receptor.

Effect of different gonadotropins on in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes / Efeito de diferentes gonadotrofinas na maturação in vitro de oócitos ovinos

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of replacing the use of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of sheep oocytes. After sheep ovaries were collected (n=300), the cumulus-oocyte complexes were aspirated, selected, and divided into four groups according to the IVM medium: CON group, in which the basic IVM medium was used; and eCG, hCG, and FSH groups, in which the oocytes were immersed in basic IVM medium with 10 IU/mL eCG, 10 IU/mL hCG, and 10 µg/mL FSH-p, respectively. In vitro maturation of the oocytes was performed at 38.5 °C, in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air, for 24 h. Subsequently, the oocytes were evaluated for the degree of cumulus-cell expansion, chromatin configuration, GSH levels, and active mitochondria. There were no significant differences for the rate of cumulus cell expansion. The percentage of oocytes in MII was higher in the eCG group than in the CON and hCG groups (P<0.05) and similar to that of the FSH group. In conclusion, eCG can be used as a substitute for FSH in IVM of sheep oocytes.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) e da gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG), em substituição ao uso de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) na maturação in vitro (MIV) de oócitos ovinos. Após a coleta de ovários (n=300) ovinos, os complexos cúmulus-oócitos (CCOs) foram aspirados, selecionados e divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com o meio de MIV: grupo CON, em que foi utilizado o meio MIV base; e grupos ECG, HCG e FSH, em que os oócitos foram imersos em meio MIV base adicionado de 10 UI/mL de eCG, 10 UI/mL de hCG e 10 µg/mL de FSH-p, respectivamente. A MIV dos oócitos foi realizada a 38,5°C, em atmosfera umidificada de 5% de CO2 em ar, durante 24 horas. Posteriormente, os oócitos foram avaliados, quanto grau de expansão das células do cumulus, configuração da cromatina, níveis de GSH e mitocôndrias ativas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas com relação à taxa de expansão de células do cumulus. A percentagem de oócitos em MII foi maior no grupo ECG do que no grupo CON e HCG (P<0,05) e semelhante ao grupo FSH. Em conclusão, a eCG pode ser utilizada em substituição ao FSH na MIV de oócitos ovinos.

Supplemented powdered coconut water (ACP-406®) promotes growth of goat secondary follicles and oocyte meiotic resumption

The objective of this study was to test the efficiency of powdered coconut water (ACP-406®) base-medium without or with the addition of supplements on in vitro culture of isolated goat secondary follicles. Follicles were cultured for 18 days in α-MEM or in ACP-406®, both without supplements (referred to as α-MEM and ACP, respectively), or both supplemented with BSA, insulin, transferrin, selenium, glutamine, hypoxanthine, and ascorbic acid (referred to as α-MEM+ and ACP+). Follicular morphology, antrum formation, follicular and oocyte diameter, levels of glutathione (GSH), and chromatin configuration after in vitro maturation were evaluated. At the end of culture, ACP-406® base-medium (without or with supplements) showed a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of normal follicles than α-MEM (without or with supplements). Antrum formation was similar among α-MEM+, ACP and ACP+, and significantly higher than α-MEM without supplements. The follicular diameter was greater in ACP+ than α-MEM, and similar to other treatments. Moreover, fully and daily grown rates were higher (P < 0.05) in ACP-406® base-medium (without or with supplements) than α-MEM (without or with supplements). Levels of GSH were similar between ACP+ and α-MEM+ treatments. Both ACP+ and α-MEM+ allowed meiotic resumption without a significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, supplemented ACP-406® base-medium maintained follicular survival and promoted the development as well as meiotic resumption of isolated goat secondary follicles cultured in vitro for 18 days.(AU)

Supplemented powdered coconut water (ACP-406®) promotes growth of goat secondary follicles and oocyte meiotic resumption

The objective of this study was to test the efficiency of powdered coconut water (ACP-406®) base-medium without or with the addition of supplements on in vitro culture of isolated goat secondary follicles. Follicles were cultured for 18 days in α-MEM or in ACP-406®, both without supplements (referred to as α-MEM and ACP, respectively), or both supplemented with BSA, insulin, transferrin, selenium, glutamine, hypoxanthine, and ascorbic acid (referred to as α-MEM+ and ACP+). Follicular morphology, antrum formation, follicular and oocyte diameter, levels of glutathione (GSH), and chromatin configuration after in vitro maturation were evaluated. At the end of culture, ACP-406® base-medium (without or with supplements) showed a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of normal follicles than α-MEM (without or with supplements). Antrum formation was similar among α-MEM+, ACP and ACP+, and significantly higher than α-MEM without supplements. The follicular diameter was greater in ACP+ than α-MEM, and similar to other treatments. Moreover, fully and daily grown rates were higher (P < 0.05) in ACP-406® base-medium (without or with supplements) than α-MEM (without or with supplements). Levels of GSH were similar between ACP+ and α-MEM+ treatments. Both ACP+ and α-MEM+ allowed meiotic resumption without a significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, supplemented ACP-406® base-medium maintained follicular survival and promoted the development as well as meiotic resumption of isolated goat secondary follicles cultured in vitro for 18 days.

Extract of Amburana cearensis maintains the survival of ovine preantral follicles during long-term ovarian tissue transport and promotes primordial follicle activation after in vitro culture / Extrato de Amburana cearensis mantém a sobrevivência de folículos pré-antrais ovinos durante longo período de transporte de tecido ovariano e promove a ativação de folículos primordiais após cultivo in vitro

This study evaluated the effect of Amburana cearensis extract as a preservation or culture medium for ovine ovarian tissue. Ovarian fragments were fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde for 18 h (fresh control), stored in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) or in A. cearensis extract (0.1; 0.2 or 0.4 mg/mL) at a temperature of 4ºC for 6, 12 or 24 h (preservation - experiment 1) or cultured for 7 days in a-MEM+ or in A. cearensis extract without (0.1; 0.2 or 0.4 mg/mL) or with supplements (0.1+ ; 0.2+ or 0.4+ mg/ mL; experiment 2). The percentages of morphologically normal follicles and follicular activation were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. The values of TUNEL-positive cells were submitted to Chi-square test (P < 0.05). The storage of fragments for 6 h in MEM showed higher percentages of normal follicles (62%) and a lower rate of TUNEL positive cells (36.17%) compared to other treatments (normal follicles: 46%; 43% and 52%; TUNEL positive cells: 58.57%; 55.30% and 55.63% for Amb 0.1; Amb 0.2 and Amb 0.4 mg/mL, respectively). However, after 12 or 24 h, MEM (12 h: 48%; 24 h: 45%) and Amb 0.2 mg/mL (12 h: 37%; 24 h: 39%) showed similar percentages of normal follicles and TUNEL positive cells (MEM - 12 h: 43.26%; 24 h: 58%; Amb 0.2 mg/mL - 12 h: 50%; 24 h: 61%). After culture, a-MEM+ recorded a higher percentage of normal follicles (58.25%) than A. cearensis treatments (32.8%; 25.4% and 34.2% for Amb 0.1; Amb 0.2 and Amb 0.4 mg/mL, and 22.25%; 20.0% and 36.6% for Amb 0.1+; Amb 0.2+ and Amb 0.4+ mg/mL, respectively) (P < 0.05). Follicular activation increased in all treatments (52.5%; 36.73%; 54.05%; 47.5% and 58.19% for a-MEM+; Amb 0.1; Amb 0.1+; Amb 0.2+ and Amb 0.4+ mg/mL, respectively) compared to the fresh control (11.65%), except for Amb 0.2 mg/mL (23.69%) and Amb 0.4 mg/mL (28.85%) (P > 0.05). Moreover, after in vitro culture, A. cearensis at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL maintained the percentage of TUNEL positive cells (30.0%) in a...(AU)

Este estudo avaliou o efeito do extrato de Amburana cearensis como meio de preservação ou de cultivo de tecido ovariano ovino. Fragmentos ovarianos foram fixados em formaldeído tamponado a 4% por 18 h (controle fresco), armazenados em Meio Essencial Mínimo (MEM) ou extrato de A. cearensis (0,1; 0,2 ou 0,4 mg/ mL) a temperatura de 4 ºC durante 6, 12 ou 24 h (conservação - experimento 1) ou cultivados durante 7 dias em α-MEM+ ou em extrato de A. cearensis sem (0,1; 0,2 ou 0,4 mg/mL) ou com suplementos (0,1+ ; 0,2+ ou 0,4+ mg/mL - experimento 2). As porcentagens de folículos normais e de ativação folicular foram submetidas às análises de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey. Os valores das células TUNEL-positivas foram submetidos ao teste do qui-quadrado (P<0.05). A conservação de fragmentos por 6 h em MEM apresentou maiores percentagens de folículos normais (62%) e menor taxa de células TUNEL positivas (36,17%) comparado aos outros tratamentos (folículos normais - 46%; 43%; 52%; células TUNEL positivas - 58,57%; 55,30%; 55,63% em Amb 0,1 ;0,2 ou Amb 0,4 mg/mL, respectively). Entretanto, após 12 ou 24 h, MEM (12 h - 48%; 24 h - 45%) e Amb 0,2 (12 h - 37%; 24 h - 39%) apresentaram percentagens semelhantes de folículos normais e células TUNEL positivas (MEM: 12 h - 43,26%; 24 h -58%; Amb 0,2: 12 h - 50; 24 h - 61%). Após o cultivo, α-MEM+ (58,25%) apresentou maior percentual de folículos normais do que os tratamentos com A. cearensis (32,8%; 25,4%; 34,2% em Amb 0,1; Amb 0,2; Amb 0,4 mg/mL e 22,25%; 20,0%; 36,6% em Amb 0,1+; Amb 0,2+ e Amb 0,4+ mg/mL, respectivamente) (P < 0.05). A ativação folicular aumentou significativamente em todos os tratamentos (52,5%; 36,73%; 54.05%; 47,5% e 58,19% em α-MEM+; Amb 0,1; Amb 0,1+; Amb 0,2+ e Amb 0,4+ mg/mL, respectivamente) comparado ao controle fresco (11,65%), exceto em Amb 0,2 mg/mL (23,69%) e Amb 0,4 mg/mL (28,85%) (P > 0,05). Após o cultivo in vitro, a concentração de 0,1 mg/mL manteve a percentagem de...(AU)

Effect of ovarian tissue storage in Morus nigra extract on the morphology and DNA fragmentation of ovine preantral follicles / Efeito da conservação de tecido ovariano em extrato de Morus nigra sobre a morfologia e fragmentação de DNA de folículos pré-antrais ovinos

This study demonstrated the effect of Morus nigra leaf extract during ovine ovarian tissue transportation on the survival and apoptosis of preantral follicles in vitro. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the crude ethanolic extract. Four pairs of ovaries from four sheep were collected. The ovarian cortex was fragmented and one fragment was fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde and processed for histological and TUNEL analysis (fresh control). The other fragments were placed in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM control medium) or M. nigra extract (0.025; 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL) and stored (simulating transport) at 4ºC for 6, 12 or 24 h. Preserved fragments (6 h) were also destined to histological and TUNEL analysis. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of antioxidant compounds (rutin, isoquercetin e kaempferitrin) in the extract. There was a decrease (P < 0.05) in the percentage of morphologically normal preantral follicles after preservation in all treatments compared to the fresh control. The percentage of normal preantral follicles after preservation in M. nigra at 0.05 mg/mL for 6 h was higher (P < 0.05) than in MEM or 0.025 mg/mL M. nigra and similar (P > 0.05) to 0.1 mg/mL of the extract. Apoptosis increased (P < 0.05) after conservation for 6 h in all treatments compared to the fresh control. Moreover, TUNEL positive cells decreased (P < 0.05) after preservation in 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL M. nigra compared to MEM or 0.025 mg/mL M. nigra. In conclusion, 0.05 mg/mL M. nigra extract can be used as a preservation medium for ovine ovarian tissue at 4°C for up to 6 h.(AU)

Este estudo demonstrou o efeito do extrato das folhas de Morus nigra durante o transporte na sobrevivência e apoptose de folículos pré-antrais in vitro. A CLAE (Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência) foi usada para determinar a impressão digital cromatográfica do extrato etanólico. Foram coletados 4 pares de ovários de 4 ovelhas. O córtex ovariano foi fragmentado e um dos fragmentos foi fixado em formaldeído tamponado a 10% e destinado à histologia clássica e análise de TUNEL (controle fresco). Os demais fragmentos foram colocados em Meio Essencial Mínimo (MEM - meio controle) ou extrato de M. nigra (0,025, 0,05 ou 0,1 mg/mL) e conservados (simulando transporte) à 4 ºC por 6, 12 ou 24 h. Os fragmentos conservados (6h) também foram destinados à análise histológica e de TUNEL. A análise de CLAE confirmou a presença de compostos antioxidantes (rutina, isoquercetina e canferitrina) no extrato. Houve uma redução (P < 0,05) na percentagem de folículos pré-antrais morfologicamente normais após conservação em todos os tratamentos em comparação com o controle fresco. A percentagem de folículos pré-antrais normais após conservação em M. nigra a 0,05 mg/mL por 6 h foi maior (P < 0,05) do que em MEM ou M. nigra a 0,025 mg/mL e similar (P > 0,05) ao extrato a 0,1 mg/mL. A apoptose aumentou (P < 0,05) após conservação durante 6 horas em todos os tratamentos em comparação com o controle fresco. Além disso, as células TUNEL positivas diminuíram (P < 0,05),após conservação em 0,05 ou 0,1mg/mL de M. nigra em comparação com MEM ou 0,025 mg/mL de M. nigra. Em conclusão, 0,05 mg/mL de M. nigra pode ser usado como meio de conservação de tecido ovariano ovino a 4 °C durante até 6 h.(AU)

Follicular survival, activation of primordial follicles and DNA fragmentation after storage of goat ovaries at 35ºC in supplemented Minimal Essential Medium

This study evaluated the effect of caprine ovarian tissue transportation conditions (medium supplementation and transportation duration) on the morphology, DNA fragmentation and development of cultured and non-cultured preantral follicles. After the fragmentation of ovaries, one fragment was fixed (fresh control) while the remaining slices were placed individually in two different conservation media (Minimal Essential Medium - MEM without supplementation or supplemented MEM, i.e. MEM+) and stored at 35ºC for 6 or 12 h without (non-cultured) or with a subsequent 5-day in vitro culture in supplemented alfa-MEM. After transportation, followed or not by in vitro culture, the fragments were processed for histological and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) examination. For the preserved and non-cultured fragments, the percentages of normal follicles after the storage of ovarian tissue in MEM+ for 6 h and the DNA fragmentation rates after preservation in MEM for 6 h and MEM+ for 6 or 12 h were maintained similar to the fresh control. However, all cultured treatments reduced the proportion of normal follicles and increased the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells as compared to the fresh control and non-cultured treatments. On the contrary, all culture conditions (except after preservation in MEM for 6 h) promoted an increase in primordial follicle activation. In conclusion, the use of an enriched medium (MEM+) during ovary transportation is preferable to maintain satisfactory rates of normal follicles after the preservation of caprine ovarian tissue at 35ºC for up to 6 h, without affecting the ability of the primordial follicle to grow in vitro.(AU)

Follicular survival, activation of primordial follicles and DNA fragmentation after storage of goat ovaries at 35ºC in supplemented Minimal Essential Medium

This study evaluated the effect of caprine ovarian tissue transportation conditions (medium supplementation and transportation duration) on the morphology, DNA fragmentation and development of cultured and non-cultured preantral follicles. After the fragmentation of ovaries, one fragment was fixed (fresh control) while the remaining slices were placed individually in two different conservation media (Minimal Essential Medium - MEM without supplementation or supplemented MEM, i.e. MEM+) and stored at 35ºC for 6 or 12 h without (non-cultured) or with a subsequent 5-day in vitro culture in supplemented alfa-MEM. After transportation, followed or not by in vitro culture, the fragments were processed for histological and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) examination. For the preserved and non-cultured fragments, the percentages of normal follicles after the storage of ovarian tissue in MEM+ for 6 h and the DNA fragmentation rates after preservation in MEM for 6 h and MEM+ for 6 or 12 h were maintained similar to the fresh control. However, all cultured treatments reduced the proportion of normal follicles and increased the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells as compared to the fresh control and non-cultured treatments. On the contrary, all culture conditions (except after preservation in MEM for 6 h) promoted an increase in primordial follicle activation. In conclusion, the use of an enriched medium (MEM+) during ovary transportation is preferable to maintain satisfactory rates of normal follicles after the preservation of caprine ovarian tissue at 35ºC for up to 6 h, without affecting the ability of the primordial follicle to grow in vitro.

Blocking the PI3K pathway or the presence of high concentrations of EGF inhibits the spontaneous activation of ovine primordial follicles in vitro

The aims of this study were to verify the effects of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) on the morphology, primordial follicle activation, growth and proliferation of granulosa cells of ovine follicles cultured in situ, as well as the effect of a PI3K inhibitor on the follicular activation. Ten ovine ovaries were divided into fragments, being one fixed for histological analysis (fresh control). The remaining fragments were cultured for 7 days in control medium (α-MEM+) alone or supplemented with EGF (1, 10, 50, 100 or 200 ng/mL). Follicles were classified as normal or atretic, as primordial or growing, and the oocyte and follicle diameters were measured. PCNA immunohistochemistry was performed in the fresh control and in treatment that showed the bestresults for follicular activation. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K activity was performed through pretreatment in media added with 50 μMLY294002 for 1 h. The percentage of normal follicles decreased (P < 0.05) after 7 days of culture in all treatments compared to the fresh control. A significantreduction in the percentage of primordial follicles and an increase (P < 0.05) in the growing ones were observed in all treatments compared to fresh control. Furthermore, both the control medium and 1 ng/mL EGF promoted an increase (P < 0.05) in follicular activation compared to other EGF treatments. The PCNA-positive cells in the EGF treatment were higher (P < 0.05) than in fresh control and α-MEM+. Pretreatment of ovarian tissue with PI3K inhibitor significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) α-MEM+-stimulated primordial follicle activation, but had no effect on EGF-stimulated activation (P > 0.05). In conclusion, PI3K pathway mediates the in vitrospontaneous activation of sheep primordial follicles. Moreover, EGF may act indirectly on follicular activation by promoting granulosa cell proliferation at 1 ng/mL, and EGF inhibited follicle activation in concentrations similar or higher than 10 ng/mL.(AU)

Blocking the PI3K pathway or the presence of high concentrations of EGF inhibits the spontaneous activation of ovine primordial follicles in vitro

The aims of this study were to verify the effects of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) on the morphology, primordial follicle activation, growth and proliferation of granulosa cells of ovine follicles cultured in situ, as well as the effect of a PI3K inhibitor on the follicular activation. Ten ovine ovaries were divided into fragments, being one fixed for histological analysis (fresh control). The remaining fragments were cultured for 7 days in control medium (α-MEM+) alone or supplemented with EGF (1, 10, 50, 100 or 200 ng/mL). Follicles were classified as normal or atretic, as primordial or growing, and the oocyte and follicle diameters were measured. PCNA immunohistochemistry was performed in the fresh control and in treatment that showed the bestresults for follicular activation. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K activity was performed through pretreatment in media added with 50 μMLY294002 for 1 h. The percentage of normal follicles decreased (P 0.05). In conclusion, PI3K pathway mediates the in vitrospontaneous activation of sheep primordial follicles. Moreover, EGF may act indirectly on follicular activation by promoting granulosa cell proliferation at 1 ng/mL, and EGF inhibited follicle activation in concentrations similar or higher than 10 ng/mL.

Extract of Amburana cearensis maintains the survival of ovine preantral follicles during long-term ovarian tissue transport and promotes primordial follicle activation after in vitro culture / Extrato de Amburana cearensis mantém a sobrevivência de folículos pré-antrais ovinos durante longo período de transporte de tecido ovariano e promove a ativação de folículos primordiais após cultivo in vitro

This study evaluated the effect of Amburana cearensis extract as a preservation or culture medium for ovine ovarian tissue. Ovarian fragments were fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde for 18 h (fresh control), stored in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) or in A. cearensis extract (0.1; 0.2 or 0.4 mg/mL) at a temperature of 4ºC for 6, 12 or 24 h (preservation - experiment 1) or cultured for 7 days in a-MEM+ or in A. cearensis extract without (0.1; 0.2 or 0.4 mg/mL) or with supplements (0.1+ ; 0.2+ or 0.4+ mg/ mL; experiment 2). The percentages of morphologically normal follicles and follicular activation were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. The values of TUNEL-positive cells were submitted to Chi-square test (P 0.05). Moreover, after in vitro culture, A. cearensis at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL maintained the percentage of TUNEL positive cells (30.0%) in a...

Este estudo avaliou o efeito do extrato de Amburana cearensis como meio de preservação ou de cultivo de tecido ovariano ovino. Fragmentos ovarianos foram fixados em formaldeído tamponado a 4% por 18 h (controle fresco), armazenados em Meio Essencial Mínimo (MEM) ou extrato de A. cearensis (0,1; 0,2 ou 0,4 mg/ mL) a temperatura de 4 ºC durante 6, 12 ou 24 h (conservação - experimento 1) ou cultivados durante 7 dias em α-MEM+ ou em extrato de A. cearensis sem (0,1; 0,2 ou 0,4 mg/mL) ou com suplementos (0,1+ ; 0,2+ ou 0,4+ mg/mL - experimento 2). As porcentagens de folículos normais e de ativação folicular foram submetidas às análises de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey. Os valores das células TUNEL-positivas foram submetidos ao teste do qui-quadrado (P 0,05). Após o cultivo in vitro, a concentração de 0,1 mg/mL manteve a percentagem de...

Effect of ovarian tissue storage in Morus nigra extract on the morphology and DNA fragmentation of ovine preantral follicles / Efeito da conservação de tecido ovariano em extrato de Morus nigra sobre a morfologia e fragmentação de DNA de folículos pré-antrais ovinos

This study demonstrated the effect of Morus nigra leaf extract during ovine ovarian tissue transportation on the survival and apoptosis of preantral follicles in vitro. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the crude ethanolic extract. Four pairs of ovaries from four sheep were collected. The ovarian cortex was fragmented and one fragment was fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde and processed for histological and TUNEL analysis (fresh control). The other fragments were placed in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM control medium) or M. nigra extract (0.025; 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL) and stored (simulating transport) at 4ºC for 6, 12 or 24 h. Preserved fragments (6 h) were also destined to histological and TUNEL analysis. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of antioxidant compounds (rutin, isoquercetin e kaempferitrin) in the extract. There was a decrease (P 0.05) in the percentage of morphologically normal preantral follicles after preservation in all treatments compared to the fresh control. The percentage of normal preantral follicles after preservation in M. nigra at 0.05 mg/mL for 6 h was higher (P 0.05) than in MEM or 0.025 mg/mL M. nigra and similar (P > 0.05) to 0.1 mg/mL of the extract. Apoptosis increased (P 0.05) after conservation for 6 h in all treatments compared to the fresh control. Moreover, TUN

Este estudo demonstrou o efeito do extrato das folhas de Morus nigra durante o transporte na sobrevivência e apoptose de folículos pré-antrais in vitro. A CLAE (Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência) foi usada para determinar a impressão digital cromatográfica do extrato etanólico. Foram coletados 4 pares de ovários de 4 ovelhas. O córtex ovariano foi fragmentado e um dos fragmentos foi fixado em formaldeído tamponado a 10% e destinado à histologia clássica e análise de TUNEL (controle fresco). Os demais fragmentos foram colocados em Meio Essencial Mínimo (MEM - meio controle) ou extrato de M. nigra (0,025, 0,05 ou 0,1 mg/mL) e conservados (simulando transporte) à 4 ºC por 6, 12 ou 24 h. Os fragmentos conservados (6h) também foram destinados à análise histológica e de TUNEL. A análise de CLAE confirmou a presença de compostos antioxidantes (rutina, isoquercetina e canferitrina) no extrato. Houve uma redução (P 0,05) na percentagem de folículos pré-antrais morfologicamente normais após conservação em todos os tratamentos em comparação com o controle fresco. A percentagem de folículos pré-antrais normais após conservação em M. nigra a 0,05 mg/mL por 6 h foi maior (P 0,05) do que em MEM ou M. nigra a 0,025 mg/mL e similar (P > 0,05) ao extrato a 0,1 mg/mL. A apoptose aumentou (P 0,05) após conservação durante 6 horas em todos os tratamentos em comparação com o

Effect of ovarian tissue storage in Morus nigra extract on the morphology and DNA fragmentation of ovine preantral follicles / Efeito da conservação de tecido ovariano em extrato de Morus nigra sobre a morfologia e fragmentação de DNA de folículos pré-antrais ovinos

This study demonstrated the effect of Morus nigra leaf extract during ovine ovarian tissue transportation on the survival and apoptosis of preantral follicles in vitro. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the crude ethanolic extract. Four pairs of ovaries from four sheep were collected. The ovarian cortex was fragmented and one fragment was fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde and processed for histological and TUNEL analysis (fresh control). The other fragments were placed in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM control medium) or M. nigra extract (0.025; 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL) and stored (simulating transport) at 4ºC for 6, 12 or 24 h. Preserved fragments (6 h) were also destined to histological and TUNEL analysis. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of antioxidant compounds (rutin, isoquercetin e kaempferitrin) in the extract. There was a decrease (P 0.05) to 0.1 mg/mL of the extract. Apoptosis increased (P < 0.05) after conservation for 6 h in all treatments compared to the fresh control. Moreover, TUNEL positive cells decreased (P < 0.05) after preservation in 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL M. nigra compared to MEM or 0.025 mg/mL M. nigra. In conclusion, 0.05 mg/mL M. nigra extract can be used as a preservation medium for ovine ovarian tissue at 4°C for up to 6 h.

Este estudo demonstrou o efeito do extrato das folhas de Morus nigra durante o transporte na sobrevivência e apoptose de folículos pré-antrais in vitro. A CLAE (Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência) foi usada para determinar a impressão digital cromatográfica do extrato etanólico. Foram coletados 4 pares de ovários de 4 ovelhas. O córtex ovariano foi fragmentado e um dos fragmentos foi fixado em formaldeído tamponado a 10% e destinado à histologia clássica e análise de TUNEL (controle fresco). Os demais fragmentos foram colocados em Meio Essencial Mínimo (MEM - meio controle) ou extrato de M. nigra (0,025, 0,05 ou 0,1 mg/mL) e conservados (simulando transporte) à 4 ºC por 6, 12 ou 24 h. Os fragmentos conservados (6h) também foram destinados à análise histológica e de TUNEL. A análise de CLAE confirmou a presença de compostos antioxidantes (rutina, isoquercetina e canferitrina) no extrato. Houve uma redução (P 0,05) ao extrato a 0,1 mg/mL. A apoptose aumentou (P < 0,05) após conservação durante 6 horas em todos os tratamentos em comparação com o controle fresco. Além disso, as células TUNEL positivas diminuíram (P < 0,05),após conservação em 0,05 ou 0,1mg/mL de M. nigra em comparação com MEM ou 0,025 mg/mL de M. nigra. Em conclusão, 0,05 mg/mL de M. nigra pode ser usado como meio de conservação de tecido ovariano ovino a 4 °C durante até 6 h.