[Herpesvirus infection in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis].

Virological examinations of blood, urine and saliva in 75 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CG) revealed, in 95% of them, herpes-virus infections caused by herpes simplex virus, type 1 (34.4%), herpes simplex virus, type 2 (2.6%) and cytomegalovirus (12%) or mixed infections (46%). The infection rate in the control group of children without renal pathology was reliably lower. A majority of CG patients (94%) had a diagnostically significant level of antiherpetic antibodies, class IgG, which also evidence to chronic herpes-virus infection.

[DNA from cells infected with herpes simplex virus and from human tumors as an inducer of synthesis of a new nonvirion antigen]. / DNK iz infitsirovannykh virusom prostogo gerpesa kletok i opukholei cheloveka kak induktor sinteza novogo nervirionnogo antigena.

DNA from herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-II)-infected cells isolated by using SDS, phenol, and pronase as well as by a new method of Pignatti et al. from triton X-100-NaCl-supernatant was shown to be capable to induce production of an early nonvirion (new) antigen in sensitive systems of Vero, RS-537 cells and others. It was also established that as a result of transfection of DNA recovered from 13 speciment of cancer tumors of the cervix and ovaries (9 tumors contained the new antigen and 4 were free from it), the new antigen associated with HSV-II was synthesized in 8 cases in the sensitive cells as early as 6 hours postinoculation whereas no viral antigens could be detected by this time. No viral antigens could be detected within 24 hours either, with the exception of 3 cases where CPE also developed by 24 hours indicating the appearance of the virus. DNA recovered from normal tissues of the cervix was incapable of inducing the new antigen.

[Preparation of monospecific sera against oncornaviruses and oncornavirus-associated antigens of human cultured cells]. / Poluchenie monospetsificheskikh syvorotok k onkornavirusam i assotsiirovannym s nimi antigenami perevivaemykh kletok cheloveka

A method for preparation of monospecific sera against oncornaviruses and oncornavirus-associated antigens of continouus human cells has been developed on the basis of the results of comparative studies of the properties of viral and virus-associated antigens of the cell. Utilization of an adsorbent from cells free of virus antigen for adsorption of immune sera against oncornaviruses with polyspecific properties resulted in preparation of specific antiviral serum free of antibody to virus-associated antigen of the cell. Sera against virus-associated antigens of the cell containing no antibody to virus were prepared by adsorption with concentrated purified virus isolated from the cell culture.

[Determination of the early antigens induced by herpes simplex virus in human tumors by a radioimmunological binding method]. / Opredelenie rannikh antigenov, indutsirovannykh virusom prostogo gerpesa, v opukholiakh cheloveka metodom radioimmunologicheskogo sviazyvaniia.

It is very difficult to produce specific antibody to individual antigens comprising the multicomponent antigenic system of a cell. It is particularly true of the antigens present in the cell in small amounts and characterized by low immunogenic potency, among them early antigens of herpes simplex virus (HSV). To overcome these difficulties the authors propose a method of preparation of a specific serum using specific immune complexes as immunogens. The use of the radioimmune binding method and a new specific serum to early HSV antigen has proved that HSV could be associated not only with cervical carcinoma, as believed by many research workers, but also with tumors of other localization, in particular, lung carcinoma and malignant melanomas.

[Detection of the virus-specific antigens of adenoviruses and herpes simplex virus in patients with malignant genital diseases]. / Obnaruzhenie virusspetsificheskikh antigenov adenovirusov i virusa prostogo gerpesa u bol'nykh so zlokachestvennymi zabolevaniiami genitalii.

The possibility of detecting virus-specific antigens in women with various pathological changes of the genitalia (cancer and pre-cancer conditions) was demonstrated. Comparative examinations of specimens from patients with cancer diseases of the genitalia for the presence of structural and virus-induced early antigens of HSV-2 demonstrated immunofluorescence test (IFT) to be the diagnostic test for the detection of HSV antigens in patients with cervical carcinoma. The rate of virus-induced antigen findings in the group of patients with cervical carcinoma was 51.6%, in precancer conditions, 31.7%, in recurrent genital herpes, 78.5%, in the control group of healthy women, 5%, by the IFT. The detection of virus-specific adenovirus and herpes antigens in human tumors is of interest for further investigation of a possible role of these viruses in the generation of malignant neoplasias and for the development of methods for specific immunodiagnosis.

[Detection of oncornavirus D-induced antigen in cells by a mixed hemadsorption method]. / Obnaruzhenie v kletkakh antigena, indutsirovannogoo onkornavirusom D, metodom smeshannoi gemadsorbtsii.

Further study of a new oncornavirus D-induced antigen was done. Its immunological specificity and localization in cells was determined by a sensitive method of mixed hemadsorption. A continuous HEp-2 cell culture was used as the source of the new as well as virus antigen. Adsorbed specific sera to the new antigen and to oncornavirus D obtained by the previously developed method were used for the antigens detection. This method demonstrated localization of both virus antigens and oncornavirus D-induced antigens not included into the virion structure on the surface of oncornavirus D-infected cells. Mixed hemadsorption test as well as complement-fixation test gave the results identical in their specificity indicating the presence in HEp-2 cells of a new non-virion antigen.

[Properties of a new, oncornavirus D-associated antigen]. / K izucheniiu svoistv novogo, assotsiirovannogo s onkornavirusom D antigena.

Continuous cells of human origin, HEp-2, and mouse L929 cells taken 24 hours after infection with oncornavirus D were labeled for protein with a mixture of 14C-amino acids and 3H-glucosamine. Specific sera obtained from rabbits were used for testing the virus-specific new antigen in cell extracts and for immunoprecipitation of the new antigen. Electrophoresis in polyacryl amide gel showed the virusspecific new antigen, common for human HEp-2 cells and for oncornavirus-D-infected mouse L929 cells, to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 98,000--100,000 daltons. By its molecular weight it differs from oncornavirus envelope glycoprotein whose molecular weight is 60,000--70,000 daltons. No similar protein was found in noninfected L929 cells.

[Anti-idiotypic antibodies against antibodies to the herpes simplex virus and its early antigens]. / Antiidiotipicheskie antitela protiv antitel k virusu prostogo gerpesa i ego rannim antigenam.

Polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id-AT or AT2) were produced to AT idiotopes of virion antigens--structural proteins of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and of early virus-induced antigens (VIA). The method of SPRIA established that anti-Id-AT seemed to be associated with AT active centers. Besides, immunization with anti-Id-AT produced anti-anti-Id-AT (AT3) similar in their specificity with antiviral AT or anti-VIA. It was shown that AT2 could be used as a diagnostic preparation instead of specific antigen for the detection of antibody to HSV or VIA in human sera by indirect RIA.

[Immune mechanisms of resistance in mice to the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus]. / Immunnye mekhanizmy rezistentnosti myshei k virusu zapadnogo éntsefalomielita loshadei.

Using the immunogenetic method and method of immunomodification of outbred animals, it was established that immune response of humoral or cell-mediated type to WEE virus antigens did not play any important role in the survival of intact mice infected with WEE virus. Under such conditions, it is inexpedient to select immune response modulators. The immune response of predominantly cell-mediated type is a determining factor of resistance to WEE virus in mice after immunization started 7 days before challenge of the animals.

[The antitumor action of double-stranded interferon inducers (larifan, ridostin) and reaferon in an experiment]. / Protivoopukholevoe deistvie dvuspiral'nykh induktorov interferona (larifana, ridostina) i reaferona v éksperimente.

Interferon inducers larifan and rhidostin, and reaferon were shown to exert an inhibiting antitumor effect manifested in the prolongation of the incubation period, decrease of the size of tumors, and longer survival of the animals. The maximal anti-tumor and immunomodulating effect was obtained by combined use of preimmunization with tumor cells and simultaneous administration of reaferon or interferon inducers, larifan and rhidostin. Larifan was also shown to have a greater antitumor activity than rhidostin. Larifan, however, was maximally active only in combination combination with vaccination using syngeneic cells of the virus-induced tumor. In this case levels of alpha and gamma interferons were 2-4 times higher than normally.

[The effect of herpesvirus infections on the results of a kidney allograft]. / Vliianie gerpesvirusnykh infektsii na rezul'tat allotransplantatsii pochki.

It was shown to be necessary to control the level of antibody to cytomegalovirus in order to improve the selection of donor-recipient pairs. High antibody titres to cytomegalovirus constitute one of contraindications against allotransplantation.

[Antitumor effect of the Soviet recombinant alpha2-interferon (reaferon) under experimental conditions]. / Protivoopukholevyi éffekt otechestvennogo preparata rekombinantnogo alpha2-interferona (reaferona) v éksperimente.

The antitumor and immunomodulating effect of reaferon was demonstrated in Syrian hamsters bearing tumors induced by cells transformed by HSV-1 DNA (the EH/A-44 strain). The animals received a total of 5 X 10(3) IU/ml of reaferon. In combined use of a lysate of destroyed tumor cells (DTC) and reaferon the best results were obtained with regard to an increase in the latent period of tumor development, differences in the tumor size, and increase in the survival time of the experimental animals as compared with the control group. In 75% of the animals given DTC and reaferon no tumors were observed up to 113 days. The above data suggest that reaferon may be recommended for combined therapy in malignant diseases where the etiologic factors might be viruses of the herpes group.

[Mechanism of the cellular transformation of newborn hamsters inoculated with herpes simplex type 2 virus]. / Izuchenie mekhanizma transformatsii kletok novorozhdennogo khomiachka, inokulirovannykh virusom prostogo gerpesa tipa 2.

Combined virological, antigenic, electron microscopic, and molecular biologic study of the role of an oncovirus, herpes simplex type 2 virus (HSV-2), in the mechanisms of transformation of HSV-2-infected hamster cells was carried out. No expression of genetic information of the oncovirus could be detected. Cell transformation was shown to be associated with persistence and realization of HSV-2 genetic information in the transformed cells.

[Finding of the herpes simplex virus by electron microscopic study of the biopsy from a cervical cancer patient]. / Obnaruzhenie virusa obychnogo gerpesa pri élektronno-mikroskopicheskom issledovanii bioptata bol'noi rakom sheiki matki.

The question of a possible etiological role of the family of herpes viruses in generation of human malignancies is discussed. The detection of herpes simplex virus in human tumor by electron microscopic examination of a biopsy sample from a cervical carcinoma patient is another proof of herpes virus association with human malignant neoplasias.

[Detection of antibodies to the causative agents of viral infections in multiple sclerosis patients]. / Obnaruzhenie antitel k vozbuditeliam nekotorykh virusnykh infektsii u bol'nykh rasseiannym sklerozom.

Serological examinations of blood sera from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), their nearest relatives, and subjects of the control groups for antibodies to causative agents of some viral infections demonstrated antihemagglutinins to measles and rubella viruses in 61%-95.5% of the subjects examined in all the groups, to mumps virus in 53% in MS patients, to tick-borne encephalitis virus in 2.2% in the same group, and in 10.5% in the group of patients with other CNS diseases, and none in healthy subjects. Virus-neutralizing antibodies to human acute encephalomyelitis virus (HAEM) in 28% of the cases, frequently in the stage of remission. Specific IgM to measles virus was found in 41% of MS patients, in 15% of their nearest relatives, and in 19.7% of patients with other CNS diseases, but not in healthy subjects. No differences in the rate of antibody findings to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 were observed in the groups examined. The rate of detection of virus-neutralizing antibody to HAEM virus was significantly higher in MS patients with the severity of the course of IV-V degree (20%) than of the II-III degree (8.8%). In the period of MS exacerbation the level of specific IgM to measles virus increased (35.6%), and higher titres of antihemagglutinins were observed in patients with longer duration of the disease and higher degree of its severity.

[Etiological role of the herpes simplex virus in causing cervical cancer]. / Izuchenie étiologicheskoi roli virusa obychnogo gerpesa v vozniknoveniia raka sheiki matki.

The results of the composite virological and immunological examinations of 46 patients with cervical carcinoma (CC) attest to the association of herpes simplex virus (HSV) with neoplastic processes. HSV strains were isolated from the tumour tissue as well as from the cervical canal secretions and blood of 4 patients. A higher level of virus-neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies to HSV was found in sera from CC patients as compared with the control group of normal women. Antibody to HSV type 2 was found in 38.8% of sera from the patients and 12.6% in the control group. Lymphocytes from CC patients induced blasttransformation reaction to HSV twice as frequently as those from healthy subjects. The virus-specific antigen was found in tumour cells of 36% CC patients in immunofluorescent examinations of smears from the cervix. The presented results are related to the determination of the etiological role of HSV in cervical carcinoma.

[Virus-induced antigen in cells infected with the herpes simplex virus]. / Virusindutsirovannyi antigen v kletkakh, infitsirovannykh virusom obychnogo gerpesa.

A new antigen differing from those of mature virion and noninfected cell was shown to appear in herpes simplex (HSV) virus-infected cells. It is virus-specified since the nonvirion antigen had a similar determinant in cells of different species origin. Nonvirion antigens induced by HSV types 1 and 2 were serologically similar. Differences in the specific activity of sera to the new nonvirion antigen and mature virus antigens were established by three different methods: complement fixation test, mixed hemadsorption, and biological neutralization. The early virus-induced antigen found in HSV-infected cells differed by many properties from the antigen previously described by Tarro and Sabin (1970).

[Oncornavirus D associated antigen in cultured human and animal cells]. / Assotsiirovannyi s onkornavirusom D antigen v kul'tiviruemykh kletkakh cheloveka i zhivotnykh.

A large number of long-term continuous (LTC) and primarily trypsinized (PT) human and animal cell cultures were examined for the presence of a new oncornavirus D-associated antigen. All the PT cultures were found to be free from this antigen as also human diploid cells and LTC cells of man, rabbit, mouse, dog, swine and bat. LTC cells of monkey, bull, and Syrian hamster, however, were found to contain oncornavirus D-associated antigen identical to that previously found in HeLa, HEp-2 and J-96 cells. The detection of oncornavirus D-associated antigen in cells may indicate their infection with this virus.

[Properties of new antigens and viral antigens of transplantable cultures of human malignant cells]. / Svoistva novogo i virusnogo antigenov perevivaemykh kul'tur zlokachestvennykh kletok chelovka

Physico-chemical and immunological differences between a new virus-associated antigen of human cell cultures and the antigen of oncornavirus D persisting in them were established and shown to facilitate their detection and differentiation. The activity of the new antigen is lost or decreases considerably after treatment with ether or chloroform but is retained after heating at 60 degrees C. The viral antigen is relatively stable to ether and chloroform but is inactivated at a temperature of 60 degrees C. The peculiar physicochemical properties of the new and virus antigens may be used for search of approaches for preparation of monospecific virus antisera containing no antibody for the new antigen of cells in human tissue cultures.

[Neutralization of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus by anticellular serums]. / Neitralizatsiia virusa venesuél'skogo éntsefalomielita loshadei antikletochnymi syvorotkami

The results of the study of host antigens in Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus by means of neutralization test in tissue culture using sera containing antibody for the species-specific antigens, Forssman antigen and group A and B antigens are presented. They show the inhibiting effect of the sera to be not uniform. The greatest neutralizing effect on the virus was exerted by immune sera to chick embryo fibroblasts and their fractions (by 0.5-3.9 lg PFU/ML). The lack of the virus neutralizing effect in sera for the Forssman antigen and for group A antigen appears to depend upon their deeper localization in the structure of virion.