Acquired Elastotic Hemangioma: A Case Report and Review of 49 Previously Reported Cases.

In the past decades, there was a considerable advance in regard to recognition of morphologic findings and classification of several benign and malignant vascular proliferations. In 2002, attention was called by Requena et al to a new variant of cutaneous hemangioma named acquired elastotic hemangioma. In this article, a case of acquired elastotic hemangioma is reported with documentation of clinical, dermatoscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. A systematic review of the previously 49 reported cases is provided. The criteria for clinical and histopathological diagnosis are highlighted.

Arsenic mobility in sediments from Paracatu River Basin, MG, Brazil.

Paracatu River Basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, houses long areas of irrigated agriculture and gold-, lead-, and zinc-mining activities. This region has a prevalence of sulfide minerals and a natural occurrence of high levels of arsenopyrite. In this work, surface water, groundwater, sediments and local vegetable samples were collected in October 2010 and November 2011 and were analyzed to evaluate arsenic (As) distribution, mobility, and transport in these environmental compartments. All sediment samples (738-2,750 mg kg(-1)) and 37 % of the water samples [less than the limit of detection (LOD) to 110 µg L(-1)] from the rivers and streams of Paracatu had As concentrations greater than the quality standards established by national and international environmental organizations (5.9 mg kg(-1) for sediments and 10 µg L(-1) for water). Most vegetable samples had As concentrations within the normal range for plants (lower than the LOD to 120 mg kg(-1)). A correlation among As concentrations in water, sediment, and vegetable samples was verified.

Trapping of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vehicle exhaust using an in-tube extraction device for analysis by gas chromatography-barrier ionization discharge detection.

This work presents a methodology for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) trapping from vehicular emissions using an in-tube extraction device (IT-FEx). Trapping selectivity studies were conducted, evaluating the interaction profile between the aromatic compounds and the polymeric phase (composed of polydimethylsiloxane and internal to the IT-FEx devices), as in an aqueous equilibrium system (25 min of sampling), and as in gaseous dynamic phase (30 s of sampling), regarding a qualitative evaluation. The adsorption profiles were similar, with greater affinity for medium-sized PAHs (four aromatic rings) than for the smaller (one to three rings) and larger (five to six rings). The device was attached to a vehicle emission sampler to evaluate the qualitative emission of diesel-powered vehicles. Certain PAHs, such as phenanthrene, fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[k]fluoranthene, were effectively trapped by the IT-FEx device and detected by the GC-BID analysis. Finally, it was possible to develop a process that combined the steps of sample preparation and instrumental analysis, using the IT-FEx device and applying it to the gaseous matrix in the dynamic phase; until then, little was elucidated regarding the use of this apparatus. This sampling device, combined with analysis by gas chromatography with a barrier ionization discharge detector (GC-BID), is a powerful tool for identifying many compounds from vehicular emissions and does not require solvents in sample preparation.

Pulmonary function, muscle strength, and quality of life have differed between chronic kidney disease patients and healthy individuals.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have lower pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength values when compared to the general population, which reflects negatively in the quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to compare the pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, and QoL between CKD patients and healthy individuals. Cross-sectional study with a consecutive sample of 39 individuals separated into three groups: nondialysis-dependent CKD in stage 5 (CKD-5), HD group (CKD-HD), and healthy individuals. The tests performed were spirometry, manovacuometry, handgrip strength (HGS), and Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). A significant difference between groups was observed in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 ) and its predicted value (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively), forced vital capacity (FVC), and its predicted value (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and its predicted value (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and its predicted value (p = 0.022), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and its predicted value (p = 0.030 and p = 0.009, respectively) in which CKD-5 presented the worst values, followed by CKD-HD and healthy group. The CKD-5 had worse pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and QoL. Moreover, CKD-HD also showed some impairment in pulmonary function and QoL when compared with healthy individuals. Even with the peripheral muscle strength preserved, its decrease is proportional to the pulmonary impairment in the evaluated CKD patients.

Effects of intradialytic exercise on cardiopulmonary capacity in chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Patients with chronic kidney disease show poorer functional and cardiorespiratory capacity than healthy individuals, and these impairments result in sedentarism. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on the effects of different intradialytic exercise protocols on cardiopulmonary capacity in chronic kidney disease patients. The primary outcome was peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and the secondary outcomes were exercise duration and ventilation in the cardiopulmonary test. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE guidelines. Seven studies with a total of 124 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared to the non-exercise group, the exercise group improved in mean VO2peak (MD 4.06 [IC 0.81; 7.31]). In a separate analysis according to exercise modality, aerobic exercise plus strength training performed better than aerobic exercise alone (MD 5.28 [IC 3.90; 6.66]). In the exercise group, both exercise tolerance values (MD 3.10 [IC 1.70; 4.51]) and ventilation values in the cardiopulmonary test were better than those of the control group (MD 13.10 [IC 7.12; 19.09]). Thus, intradialytic exercise protocols can improve cardiopulmonary function, exercise tolerance and ventilatory efficiency in chronic kidney disease patients.

Mortalidade por Câncer de Cólon e Reto no Brasil e suas Regiões entre 2006 e 2020 / Mortality due to Colon and Rectal Cancer in Brazil and its Regions between 2006 and 2020

No Brasil, estima-se a ocorrência de 704 mil casos novos de câncer para cada ano do triênio 2023-2025, sendo o câncer de cólon e reto (CCR) o tipo de neoplasia responsável pela terceira maior taxa de mortalidade para ambos os sexos. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal de mortalidade prematura por CCR de 2006 a 2020, em ambos os sexos, no Brasil e em suas cinco Macrorregiões, e avaliar o alcance da meta proposta pelo Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis no Brasil 2011-2022 do Ministério da Saúde (MS) em relação ao CCR. Método: Estudo de séries temporais das taxas de mortalidade prematura e padronizada de CCR (CID-10: C18-21) tendo como população de estudo a do Brasil, com dados obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade do DATASUS de 2006 a 2020. Resultados: As taxas de mortalidade prematura por CCR apresentaram aumento linear ao longo do período observado, porém com importantes diferenças regionais. Em relação ao CCR, a meta proposta pelo plano do MS não foi alcançada. Conclusão: Houve um aumento das taxas de mortalidade prematura por CCR no Brasil, tendência esperada em países em desenvolvimento. Por ser um câncer que envolve fatores de risco modificáveis, são importantes ações contínuas voltadas para o manejo desses fatores, tais como políticas nacionais de promoção de saúde. Além disso, são necessários estudos que subsidiem políticas preventivas de programas de rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce.

In Brazil, 704 thousand new cases of cancer were estimated for each year of the triennium 2023-2025, and colon and rectal cancer (CRC) is the type of neoplasm responsible for the third highest mortality rate for both sexes in the country. Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of premature mortality by CRC from 2006 to 2020, for both sexes, in Brazil and its five macroregions, and to evaluate whether the goal proposed by the Strategic Action Plan for Tackling Chronic non Communicable Diseases in Brazil 2011-2022 of the Ministry of Health (MH) in relation to CCR has been met. Method: Time series study of standardized premature mortality rates by CRC (ICD-10: C18-21); the study population is Brazil's population obtained from DATASUS' Mortality Information System from 2006 to 2020. Results: Premature mortality rates by CRC in Brazil and in all five macroregions increased linearly over the period investigated, but with important regional differences. The target proposed by the MH's Plan for CRC was not met. Conclusion: There was an increase in premature mortality rates by CRC in Brazil, a trend expected for developing countries. As it is a type of cancer that involves modifiable risk factors, continuous actions to manage these factors are important, such as national health promotion policies. Furthermore, studies are needed to support preventive policies for screening and early diagnosis programs

En el Brasil, se estimó la aparición de 704 000 nuevos casos de cáncer para cada año del período 2023-2025, siendo el cáncer de colorrectal (CCR) el tipo de neoplasia responsable de la tercera mayor tasa de mortalidad para ambos sexos en el país. Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia en el tiempo de la mortalidad prematura por CCR en el período de 2006 a 2020, en ambos sexos, en el Brasil y sus 5 macrorregiones, y evaluar si fue alcanzada la meta propuesta por el Plan de Acción Estratégica para el Enfrentamiento de las Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles en el Brasil 2011-2022 del Ministerio de Salud (MS) con relación a la CCR. Método: Estudio de series de tiempo de tasas de mortalidad prematura estandarizadas por CCR (CIE-10: C18-21) utilizando como población de estudio toda la población del Brasil, con datos obtenidos del Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad del DATASUS de 2006 a 2020. Resultados: Las tasas de mortalidad prematura por CCR en el Brasil y en las cinco regiones mostraron un aumento lineal durante el período observado, pero con importantes diferencias regionales. Con relación al CCR, la meta propuesta por el Plan del MS no fue alcanzada. Conclusión: Hubo un aumento de las tasas de mortalidad prematura por CCR en el Brasil, tendencia esperada en países en desarrollo. Al tratarse de un tipo de cáncer que involucra factores de riesgo modificables, son importantes las acciones continuas encaminadas a gestionar estos factores, como las políticas nacionales de promoción de la salud del CCR. Además, se necesitan estudios que respalden las políticas preventivas para los programas de detección y diagnóstico temprano

The Brazilian State as an agent of the reproductive process in a village in the Baixo-Sul of Bahia / O Estado brasileiro como agente no processo reprodutivo em uma vila do Baixo-Sul Baiano

Abstract This article explores reproduction as a broad phenomenon that is integrated to social life and marked by power relations, in an analysis of the processes and structures that integrate subjects' lives and bind them with the State. Reproductive processes, which are more than physiological, connect subjects, health services and other sectors that represent the State. This ethnographic study, carried out between 2011 and 2015, focused on reproduction as a biosocial process among mostly black, low-income shellfish gatherers and fishermen living in Riachão - a village located on an island in the 'baixo sul' region of Bahia. Through ethnographic analysis, we explore the experiences of the reproductive process of the 18 women we followed during the research to conclude that the State plays a central role in the network of relationalities that constitute reproduction, establishing an oscillating and ambiguous relationship of care and violence with women at each stage: a fragile and discontinued care relationship during pregnancy; an intense, exclusive relationship marked by violence during childbirth; and a lack of care for the health of women in the puerperium, combined with high surveillance in the care of babies.

Resumo Este artigo explora a reprodução como fenômeno amplo, integrado à vida social e marcado por relações de poder, analisando os processos e estruturas que integram a vida dos sujeitos e destes com o Estado. Os processos reprodutivos, para além do fisiológico, conectam sujeitos, serviços de saúde e outros setores representantes do Estado. Trata-se de um estudo etnográfico realizado entre 2011 e 2015, sobre reprodução enquanto processo biossocial, com marisqueiras e pescadores, majoritariamente negros e de baixa renda, moradores de Riachão - uma vila, localizada em uma ilha, no baixo-sul da Bahia. A partir de uma análise etnográfica, demonstramos as formas de vivência do processo reprodutivo das 18 mulheres que acompanhamos ao longo da pesquisa e concluímos que o Estado exerce papel central na rede de relacionalidades que constituem a reprodução, estabelecendo uma relação oscilante e ambígua de cuidado e violência com as mulheres a cada fase: uma relação de cuidado, frágil e descontinuada, na gestação; uma relação intensa, exclusiva e marcada por violências no parto; e a ausência de cuidado para com a saúde das mulheres no puerpério, conjugada à alta vigilância nos cuidados dos bebês.

Optimization and validation of a method for the determination of the refractive index of milk serum based on the reaction between milk and copper(II) sulfate to detect milk dilutions.

We report the use of a method to determine the refractive index of copper(II) serum (RICS) in milk as a tool to detect the fraudulent addition of water. This practice is highly profitable, unlawful, and difficult to deter. The method was optimized and validated and is simple, fast and robust. The optimized method yielded statistically equivalent results compared to the reference method with an accuracy of 0.4% and quadrupled analytical throughput. Trueness, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision) and ruggedness are determined to be satisfactory at a 95.45% confidence level. The expanded uncertainty of the measurement was ±0.38°Zeiss at the 95.45% confidence level (k=3.30), corresponding to 1.03% of the minimum measurement expected in adequate samples (>37.00°Zeiss).

Does atopy influence the effectiveness of treatment of adenoid hypertrophy with mometasone furoate?

BACKGROUND: The effect of topical mometasone for adenoid hypertrophy treatment is well established. Nevertheless, the influence of atopy on this treatment remains ill defined. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the effects of topical mometasone furoate treatment on the adenoid tissue between atopic and nonatopic children. METHODS: Fifty-one children with obstructive respiratory complaints underwent a semistructured clinical questionnaire on nasal symptoms, prick test, and nasoendoscopy. Nasoendoscopic images were digitalized, and both adenoid and nasopharyngeal areas were measured in pixels; the relative adenoid/nasopharyngeal area was calculated. Patients were initially treated for 40 days with nasal saline solution. In a subsequent 40-day period, topical mometasone furoate (total dose, 100 µg/day) was used. RESULTS: Topical mometasone significantly improved nasal obstruction, snoring, and apnea and also significantly reduced the adenoid tissue area related to the nasopharynx (p < 0.0001). Treatment with this glucocorticoid was not influenced by atopy, neither for symptoms nor for adenoid area. CONCLUSION: Topical mometasone furoate significantly reduced the adenoid tissue area and led to a supplementary improvement of nasal symptoms. This improvement was similar for atopic and nonatopic patients.

Objective reduction in adenoid tissue after mometasone furoate treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic rhinitis and adenoid hypertrophy are the main causes of nasal obstruction in children and proper treatment of these factors seem essential for controlling nasal obstructive symptoms. This study aims to evaluate the effects of topical mometasone treatment on symptoms and size of adenoid tissue in children with complaints of nasal obstruction and to compare this approach to continuous nasal saline douching plus environmental control alone. METHODS: Fifty-one children with nasal obstructive complaints were submitted to a semi-structured clinical questionnaire on nasal symptoms, prick test and nasoendoscopy. Nasoendoscopic images were digitalized, and both adenoid and nasopharyngeal areas were measured in pixels. The relation adenoid/nasopharyngeal area was calculated. Patients were subsequently re-evaluated in two different periods: following 40 days of treatment with nasal douching and environmental prophylaxis alone; and after an subsequent 40 day-period, when topical mometasone furoate (total dose: 100µg/day) was superposed. RESULTS: Nasal symptoms and snoring significantly improved after nasal douching, and an additional gain was observed when mometasone furoate was included to treatment. Saline douching did not influence the adenoid area, whereas a significant reduction on adenoid tonsil was observed after 40 days of mometasone treatment (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Nasal saline douching significantly improved nasal symptoms without interfering in adenoid dimension. In contrast, mometasone furoate significantly reduced adenoid tissue, and led to a supplementary improvement of nasal symptoms.

Congenital self healing reticulohistiocytosis in a newborn (Hashimoto Pritzker).

Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis is the benign spectrum of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, characterized by cutaneous lesions at birth or in the neonatal period, absence of systemic manifestations and spontaneous resolution of clinical status. Despite the benign and often self-resolving course in most patients, studies show that in some cases there may be metastasis or recurrence of the disease, emphasizing that the clinical course is variable, requiring long-term follow-up. The monitoring of the patient for a long period is important to detect possible systemic involvement, as there is a report of recurrence involving the skin, mucosa, bone and pituitary gland.

Retículo-histiocitose congênita autolimitada em recém-nascido (Hashimoto- Pritzker) / Congenital self healing reticulohistiocytosis in a newborn (Hashimoto Pritzker)

A retículo-histiocitose congênita autolimitada é o espectro benigno das histiocitoses de células de Langerhans, caracterizada pela presença de lesões cutâneas ao nascimento ou no período neonatal, ausência de manifestações sistêmicas e resolução espontânea do quadro clínico. Apesar do curso benigno e frequente autorresolução na maior parte dos pacientes, estudos mostram que, em alguns casos, pode haver disseminação ou recaída da doença, enfatizando que o curso clínico é variável, havendo necessidade de seguimento em longo prazo. O acompanhamento do paciente por longo período é importante para detectar possível envolvimento sistêmico, pois existe relato de recorrência, envolvendo pele, mucosa, ossos e glândula pituitária.

Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis is the benign spectrum of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, characterized by cutaneous lesions at birth or in the neonatal period, absence of systemic manifestations and spontaneous resolution of clinical status. Despite the benign and often self-resolving course in most patients, studies show that in some cases there may be metastasis or recurrence of the disease, emphasizing that the clinical course is variable, requiring long-term follow-up. The monitoring of the patient for a long period is important to detect possible systemic involvement, as there is a report of recurrence involving the skin, mucosa, bone and pituitary gland.

Soroprevalência de Helicobacter pylori em pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Gastroenterologia da Universidade Regional de Blumenau - FURB / Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients attended at the clinic of gastroenterology of the Universidade Regional de Blumenau

Introdução- a infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori é a segunda de maior prevalência no mundo inteiro e a sua principal expressão é a gastrite crônica ativa, que pode evoluir ao longo de décadas para adenocarcinomagástrico e linfoma gástrico do tipo MALT. Os estudos epidemiológicos têm mostrado que aproximadamente 50% da população mundial está infectada com este microorganismo, sendo que a sua prevalência é maior em países em desenvolvimento do que em países desenvolvidos. Objetivo- avaliar a prevalência de Helicobacter pylori nos pacientes submetidos à sorologia IgG anti- H. pylori no ambulatório de gastroenterologia da universidade regional de Blumenau. Método- coletou-se sangue de 48 pacientes entre 18 a 80 anos, dispostos a participar da pesquisa, e após, realizou-sea sorologia para H. pylori. Os resultados que foram submetidos ao teste estatístico do qui-quadrado. Discussão- a soroprevalência do anticorpo IgG anti- H. pylori no ambulatório de gastroenterologia foi de 33,3%(p <0,0001; IC 95% 20-46,67), com idade variando de 19 e 69 anos. Destes, 13 (41,9%) pertenciam ao sexo feminino e três (17,6%) ao sexo masculino (p=0,16541). Avaliando o estilo de vida, a soropositividade foi maior nos pacientes com história negativa para etilismo (34,9%), e história positiva para tabagismo (33,3%). Identificou-se, também, que a prevalência do anticorpo IgG anti- H. pylori é maior em pacientes com nível de escolaridade baixo, renda mensal acima de quatro salários mínimos,residentes em casa de alvenaria e que utilizam água sem tratamento adequado. Conclusão- concluiu-se que a soroprevalência de Helicobacter pylori nesta população é similar àquela encontrada em alguns paíseseuropeus e nos Estados Unidos, mas difere dos dados encontrados em estudos brasileiros, e que condições sócio-econômicas precárias avorecem a disseminação deste bacilo.

Introduction- the Helicobacter pylori infection is the second highest prevalence of the worldwide and its main expression is a chronic-active gastritis, which may lead to gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Epidemiologic studies have shown that approximately 50% of the worlds population is infected with the organism and its prevalence is higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Objectives- the aim of the present study has to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients submitted to anti- H. pylori IgG sorology at the clinic of gastroenterology of the universidade regional de Blumenau. Methods- it was collected blood of 48 patients from 18 to 80 years, willing to participate in the research work and made to seroprevalence of bacterium with posterior scientific spreading of the results that were submitted to the chi-square test. Discussion- the eroprevalence of the antibody IgG anti- H. pylori in the clinic of gastroenterology was of 33.3%, (p < 0.0001; IC 95% = 20 - 46.67) wich corresponds to 16 patients with positive serology, with an age varying from 19 to 69 years old. Of those, 13 (41.9%) patients were females and three (17.6%) were males (p = 0.16541). Assessing the lifestyle, the seropositivity was higher in patients with negative history of alcohol consumption (20%) and positive history for smoking (33.3%). It was also identified that the prevalence of the antibody IgG anti- H. pylori was higher in patients with lower levels of school education, lower income, more thanfour minimum salaries, residents in masonry houses and that uses water without treatment. Conclusion: it follows that the seroprevalence of helicobacter pylori in this population was similar to those found in some european countries and the United States but differs from data found in brazilian studies, and that precarious socio-economic conditions favoring the spread of this bacillus.

Aspectos genéticos da esclerose múltipla: I. Estudos em gêmeos / Genetic aspects in multiple sclerosis: I. Twin studies

Foi feita análise crítica dos estudos em gêmeos realizados na esclerose múltipla (EM). A taxa de concordância em gêmeos monozigóticos é significativamente maior do que em gêmeos dizigóticos. A média da herdabilidade da EM foi estimada em aproximadamente 28 por cento; porém ainda nao foram identificados os genes que constituem fator de risco para o desenvolvimento da EM. A EM pode ser considerada uma doença poligênica desencadeada por fatores ambientais em indivíduo geneticamente suscetível.

Aspectos genéticos da esclerose múltipla: II. Sistema HLA / Genetic aspects in multiple sclerosis. II: HLA system

Foi feita análise e revisao de estudos populacionais de associaçao entre antígenos HLA e a esclerose múltipla (EM). Há evidências de que os genes HLA, principalmente os de classe II, das sub-regioes DR e DQ possam estar envolvidos. O haplótipo DRB1*15O1.DQA1*0102.DQB1*0602 referente ao fenótipo DR2.Dw2.DQ6 foi encontrado em associaçao positiva em vários estudos realizados em populaçoes caucasóides. O desequilíbrio de ligaçao entre os genes DR e DQ dificulta o reconhecimento da contribuiçao individual de cada alelo. A heterogeneidade de critérios diagnósticos da EM constitui importante fator metodológico que dificulta a comparaçao entre os diversos estudos. A padronizaçao dos critérios diagnósticos e dos métodos laboratoriais empregados, assim como ainálise individual de grupos de pacientes com formas clínicas diferentes, sao medidas que provavelmente permitirao avaliaçao mais precisa dos fatores genéticos envolvidos no desenvolvimento da EM.

Uma contribuição para a história das Ciências Sociais na SaúdeColetiva - Os Congressos Brasileiros de Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde da ABRASCO e suas produções científicas,1995 - 2007. / A Contribution for the history of Social Sciences in Public Health - ABRASCO's Brazilian Congresses of Social and Human Sciences in Health and its scientific products, 1995 - 2007.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa sobre os Congressos Brasileiros de Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde, promovidos pela Associação Brasileira de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (ABRASCO), realizados no período de 1995 e 2007. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo e exploratório, que situa, em breve histórico, a constituição do campo da Saúde Coletiva no contexto de democratização do país e o estabelecimento da saúde como direito universal e, neste cenário, a estruturação da ABRASCO, suas diretorias e as comissões de CiênciasSociais e Humanas em Saúde. A pesquisa possibilitou o levantamento do quadro das diretorias da Associação, identificou a formação profissional e a filiação institucional dos seus membros, e mapeou a representatividade dos profissionais de Ciências Humanas neste universo. Os 6035 resumos analisados permitiram avaliar o aumento expressivo da produção na área (quase octuplicado) e a abrangência dos trabalhos apresentados ao longo dos Congressos.

This article shows the results of a research about the Brazilian Congresses of Social and Human Sciences in Health sponsored by the ABRASCO (Brazilian Association of Public Health Post-Graduation), from 1995 until 2007. This study is of exploratory and descriptive nature, showing a brief history about the origin of Public Health in the Brazilian?s democratization context and the health establishment as a universal right. In this scenario, we also deal on the formation of ABRASCO andthe establishment of its directories, with emphasis on the Social and Human Sciences in Health committee. The research made possible the analysis of the association?s directory boards, the identification of the professional graduation and institutional affiliation of its members, and also mapped the representational level of these professionals in the scientific community. The analysis of the 6035 abstracts shows a considerable quantitative increase on scientific production and in the scope of thestudies presented at these congresses.

Imunopatologia da esclerose múltipla / Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis

A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença do sistema nervoso central (SNC) na qual há destruiçäo da bainha de mielina e reaçäo inflamatória local. Acredita-se que seja uma resposta auto-imune desencadeada por fatores ambientais que induzem a superexpressäo de citocinas em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos. As citocinas implicadas nas exarcebações da EM, tais como IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, INFðy, TNF-alfa e TNF-ß, induzem a expressäo de moléculas específicas na membrana das células do SNC e ativam a funçäo fagocítica das células da micróglia

Infecçäo por Shigella flexneri sorovar 1 em Belo Horizonte, MG: estudo de caso / Infection for Shigella flexneri serovar 1 in Belo Horizonte, MG: study case

Uma pessoa de trinta e seis anos, sexo feminino, foi acometida de síndrome gastrointestinal que se caracterizou por vômito; diarréia, com muco, sem sangue; febre alta; sudorese; calafrios; cäibras intestinais; tenesmo; dor de cabeça e náusea. Após a análise microbiológica do material fecal e realizaçäo de testes bioquímicos, sorológicos e ensaio de capacidade invasora em conjuntiva ocular de cobaia, Shigella flexneri sorovar 1 pôde ser identificada. A paciente apresentou sintomas durante uma semana, mas o acompanhamento de eliminaçäo do microrganismo evidenciou sua presença nas fezes por, apenas, cinco dias. No processo de transmissäo da doença, näo foi possível identificar seu veículo provável, nem o agente indexador. Dentro de um grupo de 21 antimicrobianos testados, S. flexneri sorovar 1 mostrou-se sensível somente à ceftazidima (30 µg) e polimixina B (300 UI).