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BACKGROUND: It can be challenging to achieve adequate vessel opacification during percutaneous coronary interventions when using thin catheters, hand injection, and iso-osmolar contrast media (CM) such as iodixanol (Visipaque™). PURPOSE: To explore these limitations and the possibility to overcome them with iosimenol, a novel CM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three X-ray contrast media with different concentrations were used in this study. A series of in vitro experiments established the relationship between injection pressure and flow rate in angiography catheters under various conditions. The experiments were conducted with power and hand injections and included a double-blind evaluation of user perception. RESULTS: By using hand injection, it was generally not possible to reach a maximum injection pressure exceeding 50 psi. The time within which volunteers were able to complete the injections, the area under the pressure-time curve (AUC), and assessment of ease of injection all were in favor of iosimenol compared with iodixanol, especially when using the 4F thin catheter. Within the pressure ranges tested, the power injections demonstrated that the amount of iodine delivered at a fixed pressure was strongly related to viscosity but unrelated to iodine concentration. CONCLUSION: There are substantial limitations to the amount of iodine that can be delivered through thin catheters by hand injection when iso-osmolar CM with high viscosity is used. The only viable solution, besides increasing the injection pressure, is to use a CM with lower viscosity, since the cost of increasing the concentration, in terms of increased viscosity and consequent reduction in flow, is too high. Iosimenol, an iso-osmolar CM with lower viscosity than iodixanol might therefore be a better alternative when thinner catheters are preferred, especially when the radial artery is used as the access site.
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Benzamidas/administração & dosagem , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Iohexol/administração & dosagem , Propanolaminas/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Tri-Iodobenzoicos/administração & dosagem , Catéteres , Técnicas In Vitro , Injeções Intravenosas/instrumentação , Concentração Osmolar , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Pressão , Reologia , Seringas , ViscosidadeRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to identify and examine consumer perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China's sports lottery industry, and the effect of perceived CSR initiatives on sports lottery consumption behavior. Research participants (N = 4,980), selected based on a computer-generated, randomly stratified multistage sampling process, comprised Chinese residents who had purchased sports lottery tickets in the past 12 months. They completed a questionnaire that was derived from a qualitative research process. A factor analysis extracted two factors associated with perceptions of CSR in China's sports lottery administration: Regulatory and Prevention Responsibilities and Product Development Responsibility. Logistic regression analyses revealed that these two factors were influential of consumer behavior (i.e., relative and absolute expenditure, purchasing frequency, and time commitment). This study represents an initial effort to understand the dimensions of perceived CSR associated with Chinese sports lottery. The findings signify the importance of enforcing CSR in sports lottery administration.
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Jogo de Azar/psicologia , Opinião Pública , Responsabilidade Social , Adulto , China , Feminino , Financiamento Pessoal , Jogo de Azar/economia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Regressão , Esportes , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the dimensions of problem gambling behaviors associated with purchasing sports lottery in China. This was accomplished through the development and validation of the Scale of Assessing Problem Gambling (SAPG). The SAPG was initially developed through a comprehensive qualitative research process. Research participants (N = 4,982) were Chinese residents who had purchased sports lottery tickets, who responded to a survey packet, representing a response rate of 91.4%. Data were split into two halves, one for conducting an EFA and the other for a CFA. A five-factor model with 19 items (Social Consequence, Financial Consequence, Harmful Behavior, Compulsive Disorder, and Depression Sign) showed good measurement properties to assess problem gambling of sports lottery consumers in China, including good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.050, TLI = 0.978, and CFI = 0.922), convergent and discriminate validity, and reliability. Regression analyses revealed that except for Depression Sign, the SAPG factors were significantly (P < 0.05) predictive of purchase behaviors of sports lottery. This study represents an initial effort to understand the dimensions of problem gambling associated with Chinese sports lottery. The developed scale may be adopted by researchers and practitioners to examine problem gambling behaviors and develop effective prevention and intervention procedures based on tangible evidence.
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Comportamento Aditivo/classificação , Comportamento Aditivo/epidemiologia , Jogo de Azar/classificação , Jogo de Azar/epidemiologia , Adulto , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , China , Feminino , Jogo de Azar/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Autoimagem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Esportes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the interrelationships between push and pull factors associated with the consumption of women's professional basketball games. Multiple factors pertaining to sport consumers' internal needs, identified as "push" factors, contain various intangible socio-psychological motivations representing an individual's intrinsic desires that drive consumers toward certain goal-driven behaviors. On the other hand, "pull" factors, related to the supply side, refer to the different aspects of sport products the management of sport teams provides. It is imperative to obtain a better understanding of the push-pull interaction so that sport marketers can design their products to satisfy spectators' expectations with different needs. Spectators (N = 628) attending WNBA games responded to an on-site survey. CFA was conducted to ensure the psychometric properties of the scales, which showed that the overall model fit the data well. A canonical correlation analysis was performed, and two significant functions were revealed by the dimension reduction analysis. The first function [F(40,2,683) = 4.49, p < 0.001]: I-Want-Everything-Consumer suggests that the market segment comprises individuals with multiple needs (ranged from 0.55 to 0.85) and expectations (ranged from 0.55 to 0.89), both of which need to be met simultaneously. Thus, sports marketers can satisfy WNBA consumers' needs by enhancing the quality of tangible pull factors. The second function [F(28,2,222) = 2.38, p < 0.001]: Achievement-Seekers revealed that the consumers motivated by vicarious achievement (-0.59) expect game promotion (-0.55) rather than the quality of the opposing team (0.42), indicating that sport marketers should provide tailored promotional strategies to satisfy this segment of consumers. Specifically, the findings of this study can be used to segment consumers based upon fan motives (i.e., push factors) and position products accordingly by managing the controllable aspects of sport products (i.e., pull factors). This study provides empirical evidence of the relationship between WNBA consumers' multiple needs and attributes associated with the WNBA core product.
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Introduction: Live sporting event streaming (LSES) is becoming popular not only among consumers but also among sponsors. At the same time, influenced by China's convenient mobile terminals, the paid membership system for live broadcasting has also attracted the attention of marketers and scholars. To promote financial sustainability, we analyzed the internal mechanism of profitability in LSES based on stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory and two-sided market characteristics. Specifically, we considered advertisement and delay the stimuli (S), arousal and attention as the organism variables (O), and intention to become a paying member as the response (R). Methods: We used an online survey questionnaire to collect data from 430 Chinese LSES viewers during the 2021 European Cup. We used SPSS Amos v. 26 to conduct structural equation modeling (SEM) and bootstrapping to test the model. Results: The results show that the direct paths from advertisement and delay to behavioral intention were not significant and that these relationships only became significant via the mediating variables of arousal and attention. Compared to advertising, delay had a stronger indirect effect on behavior. Arousal and attention generated a chain intermediary mechanism in which the presence of attention was necessary. Discussion: First, LSES platforms should follow Internet development trends and create higher economic value by using precise advertising strategies. Second, LSES platforms should make full use of 5G mobile communication technology to maximize profit. Third, LSES platforms must pay attention to the intermediary mechanism of arousal and attention. Streaming media must provide high-quality events in order to keep target audiences excited.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the dimensions of service quality in fitness clubs in China and examine their impact on customer satisfaction. In Phase I of the study, we collected qualitative data from online comments related to service quality in 30 Tera Wellness clubs in Shanghai (k = 6252). Conducting content analysis, we synthesized the information and identified preliminary themes and formulated measurement statements. Phase II implemented a series of quantitative research procedures to examine the measurement properties of statements developed in Phase I. Conducting exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling analyses based on responses of club members (N = 533), we identified a total of 27 items in six dimensions: service recovery, service assurance, facility function, program operation, instructor quality, and staff performance. These factors significantly (p < 0.05) predicted customer satisfaction with fitness clubs in China. The findings highlight the importance of high-quality service delivery, service recovery, and service assurance and pinpoint specific areas for improvement.
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Academias de Ginástica , China , Comportamento do Consumidor , Exercício Físico , Análise Fatorial , Humanos , Satisfação do PacienteRESUMO
In this mini-review, we shed light on the important, yet under researched topic area in sport management - understanding the role that emotion plays for members of sport fan communities. Much research has been done on the relationship between sport organization and fan; yet, far more needs to be discussed on how the sense of community fans feel lead to affective outcomes and consumption behaviors. With an understanding of the affective outcomes resulting from a connection between fans, sport organizations can use the knowledge to develop promotional procedures and nurture their fan community in an effort to grow their fan base and elevate consumption behavior. The aim of this mini-review is to (a) draw attention to the value of sport fan communities and (b) highlight areas in which sport organizations can build marketing strategies. As it is necessary for sport organizations to better understand the role emotion plays in the consumer behavior of their fans, more attention needs to be paid in understanding the affective benefits of membership in a sport fan community.
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It has been well-argued that professional sport or mega sport events could serve as a catalyst for sport participation behaviors through direct and indirect trickle-down effects. However, there is limited research exploring the impact of spectator services during sport events on personal and collective well-being. Elaborating on the social-ecological model and the concept of market demand, this study attempted to fill the gap in the literature by measuring core product (player attraction, event attractiveness, and course characteristics) and peripheral spectator services (event services, event information, event amenity, and parking and transportation) of a professional golf tournament hosted in Japan and examining how these services factors would influence spectators' length of stay at a golf event, physical activity as measured by step counts, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Following the administration of a questionnaire to spectators at a Japanese professional golf tournament (n = 306) and conducting confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses, research findings revealed that the tournament-related spectator services would have an influence on physical activity, which could in turn influence self-rated health and subsequently impact life satisfaction. That is, emphasizing the sense of accomplishment fulfilled in sport spectatorship is recommended for the well-being of the spectators. The findings of this study shed light on the significance of promoting golf spectatorship as an effective means to facilitate a healthy lifestyle and in the meantime provide golf event marketers with a unique, positive benefit through which their events can be promoted.
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The authors compared physical activity patterns among 874 Asian, 332 African, 1,101 White, and 529 Hispanic American college students aged 18 to 25 years. According to self-report responses, 46.7% of the sample did not engage in vigorous physical activity and 16.7% were physically inactive. Among women, ethnic-specific rates of physical inactivity were Asian, 28.1%; African, 23.5%; White, 17.4%; and Hispanic, 20.3%. For men, rates of inactivity were Asian 11.7%; African, 7.7%; White, 12.0%; and Hispanic, 13.8. Weight-training activity, youthful physical activity, and TV viewing accounted for a significant portion of the variance in physical activity levels (13.1% for women and 14.8% for men). The results of this study support the need for physical activity interventions for college students, particularly minorities.
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Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/etnologia , Estilo de Vida/etnologia , Aptidão Física , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Etários , Análise de Variância , Antropometria , Diversidade Cultural , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Probabilidade , Medição de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To develop and disseminate an effective tobacco awareness and cessation program. METHODS: Self-report data from youth (n=1,601) and implementation data from site facilitators (n=16) provided the basis for the trial program evaluation. RESULTS: Approximately 146 total classes and 1,601 youth were served. Significantly (p<.01) more participants were in the action stage of change at the end of the program. At follow-up, 40% of the participants indicated they were tobacco free. CONCLUSION: The multiple iterative steps in program development were described. A theoretically based program, like the ATCP, is well worth exploring as a public health intervention.
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Conscientização , Educação em Saúde , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Adolescente , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fumar/psicologia , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/psicologiaRESUMO
Serious arrhythmias, sometimes related to the injection of iodinated contrast media, are known complications of cardiac angiography. A new, iodine-based, non-ionic, iso-osmolar x-ray contrast media is in development for use in these procedures. This contrast medium, iosimenol, has a lower viscosity, higher electrolyte content, and higher iodine concentration than other available iso-osmolar contrast media. The present study is a retrospective re-read and centralized analysis of the electrocardiographic response to intravenous and non-cardiac intraarterial injections of iosimenol, placebo, or iodixanol (Visipaque; GE Healthcare, Inc) in a total of 167 healthy subjects and patients enrolled in early clinical trials. No clinically relevant changes in heart rate and rhythm, morphology, atrioventricular conduction, or ventricular repolarization were noted after injection of any of the test articles in these studies. These results, despite the limited number of patients in these trials, suggest that iosimenol can be used safely in larger populations.
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Arritmias Cardíacas/induzido quimicamente , Benzamidas/administração & dosagem , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Propanolaminas/administração & dosagem , Arritmias Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Benzamidas/efeitos adversos , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Injeções Intra-Arteriais , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Propanolaminas/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: 2-((2S,5R,8S,11S)-5-benzyl-8-(4-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-6-((2-(4-(3-(18)F-fluoropropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamido)methyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxamido)butyl)-11-(3-guanidinopropyl)-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxo-1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecan-2-yl)acetic acid ((18)F-RGD-K5) has been developed as an α(v)ß(3) integrin marker for PET. The purpose of this study was to determine the biodistribution and estimate the radiation dose from (18)F-RGD-K5 using whole-body PET/CT scans in monkeys and humans. METHODS: Successive whole-body PET/CT scans were obtained after intravenous injection of (18)F-RGD-K5 in 3 rhesus monkeys (167 ± 19 MBq) and 4 healthy humans (583 ± 78 MBq). In humans, blood samples were collected between the PET/CT scans, and stability of (18)F-RGD-K5 was assessed. Urine was also collected between the scans, to determine the total activity excreted in urine. The PET scans were analyzed to determine the radiotracer uptake in different organs. OLINDA/EXM software was used to calculate human radiation doses based on human and monkey biodistributions. RESULTS: (18)F-RGD-K5 was metabolically stable in human blood up to 90 min after injection, and it cleared rapidly from the blood pool, with a 12-min half-time. For both monkeys and humans, increased (18)F-RGD-K5 uptake was observed in the kidneys, bladder, liver, and gallbladder, with mean standardized uptake values at 1 h after injection for humans being approximately 20, 50, 4, and 10, respectively. For human biodistribution data, the calculated effective dose was 31 ± 1 µSv/MBq, and the urinary bladder wall had the highest absorbed dose at 376 ± 19 µGy/MBq using the 4.8-h bladder-voiding model. With the 1-h voiding model, these doses reduced to 15 ± 1 µSv/MBq for the effective dose and 103 ± 4 µGy/MBq for the absorbed dose in the urinary bladder wall. For a typical injected activity of 555 MBq, the effective dose would be 17.2 ± 0.6 mSv for the 4.8-h model, reducing to 8.3 ± 0.4 mSv for the 1-h model. For monkey biodistribution data, the effective dose to humans would be 22.2 ± 2.4 mSv for the 4.8-h model and 12.8 ± 0.2 mSv for the 1-h model. CONCLUSION: The biodistribution profile of (18)F-RGD-K5 in monkeys and humans was similar, with increased uptake in the bladder, liver, and kidneys. There was rapid clearance of (18)F-RGD-K5 through the renal system. The urinary bladder wall received the highest radiation dose and was deemed the critical organ. Both whole-body effective dose and bladder dose can be reduced by more frequent voiding. (18)F-RGD-K5 can be used safely for imaging α(v)ß(3) integrin expression in humans.
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Integrina alfaVbeta3/metabolismo , Imagem Multimodal , Oligopeptídeos/farmacocinética , Peptídeos Cíclicos/farmacocinética , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Imagem Corporal Total , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oligopeptídeos/metabolismo , Peptídeos Cíclicos/metabolismo , RadiometriaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to a student's decision to enroll in college/university allied health education programs. The secondary purpose was to create a scale that can be used by colleges and universities to assess decision-making among prospective and current allied health education students. METHODS: We identified factors and developed the scale in 4 stages: 1) review of the literature, 2) focus group studies, 3) pilot testing, and 4) administration of the scale and testing of measurement properties. Research participants (n = 1,123) were students enrolled in allied and non-allied health education programs in Tennessee. RESULTS: In exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, this study identified six factors linked to the decision to enroll in allied health education programs: personal influence, social influence, academic preparation, career opportunity, individual aspiration, and self-efficacy. Discriminant function analyses further revealed that these factors predicted program enrollment status. CONCLUSION: Although this scale may not be generalizable to all allied health education fields, it may assist universities and colleges in targeting and recruiting students into their allied health education programs.
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Pessoal Técnico de Saúde/educação , Pessoal Técnico de Saúde/provisão & distribuição , Escolha da Profissão , Tomada de Decisões , Adulto , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Masculino , TennesseeRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: F-HX4 is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for imaging hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to determine the biodistribution and estimate the radiation dose of F-HX4 using whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT) scans in monkeys and humans. METHODS: Successive whole-body PET/CT scans were done after the injection of F-HX4 in four healthy humans (422±142 MBq) and in three rhesus monkeys (189±3 MBq). Biodistribution was determined from PET images and organ doses were estimated using OLINDA/EXM software. RESULTS: The bladder, liver, and kidneys showed the highest percentage of the injected radioactivity for humans and monkeys. For humans, approximately 45% of the activity is eliminated by bladder voiding in 3.6 h, and for monkeys 60% is in the bladder content after 3 h. The critical organ is the urinary bladder wall with the highest absorbed radiation dose of 415±18 (monkeys) and 299±38 µGy/MBq (humans), in the 4.8-h bladder voiding interval model. The average value of effective dose for the adult male was estimated at 42±4.2 µSv/MBq from monkey data and 27±2 µSv/MBq from human data. CONCLUSION: Bladder, kidneys, and liver have the highest uptake of injected F-HX4 activity for both monkeys and humans. The urinary bladder wall receives the highest dose of F-HX4 and is the critical organ. Thus, patients should be encouraged to maintain adequate hydration and void frequently. The effective dose of F-HX4 is comparable with that of other F-based imaging agents.
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Haplorrinos , Hipóxia , Nitroimidazóis/farmacocinética , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Triazóis/farmacocinética , Imagem Corporal Total , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiometria , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
While rates of tobacco use on university campuses rose over the past decade, little is known about what institutions are doing to address this rising concern. Health center directors at public institutions of higher education across the state of Texas were surveyed (n = 42) regarding the perceived importance of smoking cessation, prevalence of interventions on their campuses, and perceived success of intervening efforts. While most health center directors regarded smoking cessation as important, over half of the directors indicated that their sites did not offer tobacco cessation services of any kind. Furthermore, of those offering smoking cessation, most believed that their smoking cessation programs were only somewhat or not at all effective. Findings revealed that there is a noticeable gap between perceived importance and actual implementation of smoking cessation programs within university-based health centers. Recommendations include implementing innovative cessation methods, such as those that are Web-based and highly accessible to students.
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Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Fumar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Educação em Saúde/normas , Humanos , Masculino , Serviços de Saúde para Estudantes , Texas/epidemiologia , UniversidadesRESUMO
With rates of adolescent tobacco use steadily increasing over the past 20 years, assisting youth to quit, particularly those youth most susceptible to tobacco use, has become a national focus. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine and profile the smoking patterns of a small sample (n = 37) of juvenile offenders in Texas. In contrast to anecdotal reports, the sample group from this study did not differ clinically from the general population of adolescent tobacco users. Importantly, the study participants indicated previous attempts to stop smoking. The authors conclude that delinquent youth may be responsive to cognitive behavioral smoking cessation programs that also address the management of peer networks.