Temporary hyperpigmentation as a complication of fixing the FreeStyle Libre sensor in a cat: a case report / Hiperpigmentação temporária como complicação da fixação do sensor FreeStyle Libre em um gato: relato de caso

This report described temporary hyperpigmentation occurring in a cat after use of the FreeStyle® Libre sensor by applying three different adhesive glues. The device was continuously used as an aid for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Histopathological examination revealed mild focal chronic active dermatitis. While the coat color change occurred due to inflammation and did not affect the device functioning, owners should be alerted to the possibility of this complication.

Este relato de caso descreveu a hiperpigmentação temporária que ocorreu em um gato após o uso do sensor FreeStyle® Libre, no qual foram aplicadas três colas adesivas diferentes. O dispositivo foi usado continuamente como auxiliar no tratamento do diabetes mellitus. O exame histopatológico revelou dermatite crônica ativa focal leve. Embora a mudança de cor da pelagem tenha ocorrido devido à inflamação e não tenha afetado o funcionamento do dispositivo, os proprietários devem ser alertados para a possibilidade dessa complicação.

Use of cyanoacrylate-based surgical adhesives associated to the macroporous tape in skin synthesis in rats

Purpose: To compare the use of new cyanoacrylate surgical adhesive associated with macroporous tapes in cutaneous synthesis. Methods: Male Wistar rats with a longitudinal incision of 4cm were used on the back, divided into four groups: GI used octyl-cyanoacrylate (Dermabond®), GII used N-2-butylcyanoacrylate, GIII used octyl-cyanoacrylate and macroporous tape and GIV used N-2-butyl cyanoacrylate and macroporous tape. On the fourteenth day, the rats were submitted to euthanasia, were divided in two parts, and a layer of skin subcutaneous tissue through an area of operative healing was removed. One part was submitted to the study of rupture strength with the use of tensiometer, and in the other part histological examination was performed. Results: No force test was similar between groups I and II, being different from groups III and IV (P <0.001), which were identical to each other (P> 0.05). The units were compared among the studied groups, and they were different with the use of macroporous tapes (P> 0.05). Conclusions: The purpose of macroporous tapes is associated with CA adhesives in cutaneous tissues that provide more resistant scars. The use of a combination of macroporous tapes leads to complete re-epithelialization, without provoking foreign body reaction, has hemostatic properties and does not cause an absorptive reaction.(AU)

The aplication of cyanoacrilate surgical glue on skin suture in rats

Purpose: To compare the use of a new cyanoacrylate-based surgical glue and suture with sepa-rate points in skin wounds closure. Methods: Thirty-six rats were subjected to a 4cm dorsal longitudinal incision. Twelve were sub-jected to simple suture with polyamide 6-0, 12 rats underwent wall synthesis using Dermabond(r) and 12 was performed cutaneous synthesis with N-2-Butyl-Cyanoacrylate. Twelve of each group was euthanized on the seventh postoperative day, their blood was taken to biochemical tests and a layer of skin and subcutaneous tissue surrounding the surgical scar was randomly divided in two segments, to the submission of tension tests and to histological study. Results: There were no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). In the soft dermis there was more type I collagen production in group I (p 0.05), group II and III was similar re-sults (p>0.05). In the compact dermis, all 3 groups showed similar results (p>0.05). The biomechanical study was similarity between the glue groups (p>0.05) but the group III proved to be different from the others having a higher resistance (p>0.05) . Conclusion: This glue does not cause any inflammation or kidney and hepatic toxicity. Polyamide sutures are more resistant and the glue should be used alone only in less tension are-as.(AU)

Diamond burr for the treatment of an indolent corneal ulcer in a foal

Background: Indolent corneal ulcers have been described as superficial ulcers with an associated rim of loose peripheral epithelium Treatment for indolent ulcers include debridement, grid keratotomy, multiple punctate keratotomy, third eyelid flaps, application of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives, superficial keratectomy, and a debridement with a diamond burr. Case: A 2-month-old female American Quarter Horse was referred to the Ophthalmology Veterinary Section of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, presenting epiphora and blepharospasm. A local veterinarian doctor had prescribed broad spectrum topical antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops, although there was no positive response to the treatment for the past two weeks. Ophthalmic examination reveals and moderate discomfort in the left eye, epiphora, and mild corneal edema in the area of the defect. Slit lamp biomicroscopy revealed a superficial corneal ulcer with about 6 mm. Corneal epithelium did not adhere to underlying corneal stroma. The remainder of the ophthalmic examination of the left eye was unremarkable. The diagnosis of a corneal ulcer was made based on these clinical signs and fluorescein staining of the cornea where the stain dissects under the unattached epithelial lip. A handheld battery-operated motorized diamond burr, with a 3.5 mm medium grit tip, was utilized to remove the epithelium. The medical treatment included tobramycin eye drops, and flurbiprofen sodium ophthalmic solution, being applied six times daily, after the procedure, during two weeks, and atropine sulphate 1% was applied once a day, during three days. The foal was hospitalized until healing the corneal ulcer. For two weeks, the foal was assessed daily, and, after that, follow-up visits were scheduled weekly for four months. Healing was defined as the point at which the cornea no longer retained fluorescein. […]

Diamond burr for the treatment of an indolent corneal ulcer in a foal

Background: Indolent corneal ulcers have been described as superficial ulcers with an associated rim of loose peripheral epithelium Treatment for indolent ulcers include debridement, grid keratotomy, multiple punctate keratotomy, third eyelid flaps, application of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives, superficial keratectomy, and a debridement with a diamond burr. Case: A 2-month-old female American Quarter Horse was referred to the Ophthalmology Veterinary Section of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, presenting epiphora and blepharospasm. A local veterinarian doctor had prescribed broad spectrum topical antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops, although there was no positive response to the treatment for the past two weeks. Ophthalmic examination reveals and moderate discomfort in the left eye, epiphora, and mild corneal edema in the area of the defect. Slit lamp biomicroscopy revealed a superficial corneal ulcer with about 6 mm. Corneal epithelium did not adhere to underlying corneal stroma. The remainder of the ophthalmic examination of the left eye was unremarkable. The diagnosis of a corneal ulcer was made based on these clinical signs and fluorescein staining of the cornea where the stain dissects under the unattached epithelial lip. A handheld battery-operated motorized diamond burr, with a 3.5 mm medium grit tip, was utilized to remove the epithelium. The medical treatment included tobramycin eye drops, and flurbiprofen sodium ophthalmic solution, being applied six times daily, after the procedure, during two weeks, and atropine sulphate 1% was applied once a day, during three days. The foal was hospitalized until healing the corneal ulcer. For two weeks, the foal was assessed daily, and, after that, follow-up visits were scheduled weekly for four months. Healing was defined as the point at which the cornea no longer retained fluorescein. […](AU)

Treatment of fistula-in-ano with cyanoacrylate glue with and without prior seton placement in rats

PURPOSE:To evaluate the efficacy of ethyl-cyanoacrylate in the treatment of fístula-in-ano in rats with and without prior seton placement.METHODS:Thirty rats Wistar with fístula-in-ano produced surgically, distributed in three groups: group A (ethyl-cyanoacrylate) - treated by application of ethyl-cyanoacrylate into fístula tract; group B (seton + ethyl-cyanoacrylate) - seton placement followed by application of ethyl-cyanoacrylate into fístula tract, 30 days later; group C (control) - no treatment. After 60 days the animals were submited to euthanasia and the specimens were analyzed by pathologist. The results were analyzed by Chi-square test with significant value of p<0.05.RESULTS:One animal of group B died. Were found tracts fully healed: 7, 5 and 2, in groups A, B and C, respectivelly. There was a statistically significant difference between groups A and C (p=0.02). When joined all animals treated with glue (A + B) compared to group C there was also statistically significant difference (p=0.02).CONCLUSIONS:The use of ethyl-cyanoacrylate glue was effective in closing anal fistulae in rats. There was no advantage in the prior application of seton.(AU)

COMPARAÇÃO CLINICA MACROSCOPICA ENTRE COLA SINTÉTICA DE ETILCIANOACRILATO E FIO DE NYLON NA SÍNTESE CUTÂNEA DE GATAS SUBMETIDAS A OVARIOHISTERECTOMIA

Na medicina veterinária, há um aumento na procura por técnicas de otimizar a reparação de tecidos. Objetivou-se avaliar o aspecto macroscópico e cosmético do uso do etil-cianoacrilato na síntese cutânea de gatas submetidas a OH, comparando-o ao fechamento por sutura tradicional, foram utilizadas 20 gatas adultas, clinicamente sadias, agrupadas em dois grupos: A1, dermorrafia com fio de nylon padrão simples interrompido, e A2, uso da cola sintética de etil-cianoacrilato após anestésico e cirúrgico habitual para a espécie, foi feita uma incisão na pele na região abdominal ventral (pré retro umbilical) com aproximadamente cinco centímetros de comprimento. Os animais foram submetidos a avaliações clínicas no 1°, 2°, 3°, 7°, 10° e 15°dia após a cirurgia, sendo observado o tipo e quantidade de secreção, presença de edema, deiscência e cicatrização. A ferida em presença da cola sintética mostrou maior inflamação, contudo decorridos 15 dias, não houve diferença entre a cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica em presença de fio de nylon ou cola sintética. Sendo assim, o etilcianoacrilato foi adequadamente tolerado neste estudo, sem induzir infecções, mostrando ser uma boa alternativa para a síntese de pele em gatas.

In veterinary medicine, there is an increase in demand for techniques to optimize tissue repair. The objective was to evaluate the macroscopic and cosmetic aspect of the use of ethyl cyanoacrylate in the cutaneous synthesis of cats submitted to OH, comparing it to closure by traditional suture, 20 adult cats, clinically healthy, were used, divided into two groups: G1, dermorraphy with simple standard nylon thread interrupted, and G2, use of synthetic ethyl cyanoacrylate glue after the usual anesthetic and surgical procedure for the species, an incision was made in the skin in the ventral abdominal region (pre-umbilical) approximately five centimeters in length. The animals were submitted to clinical evaluations on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 10th and 15th days after surgery, observing the type and amount of secretion, presence of edema, dehiscence and healing. The wound in the presence of the synthetic glue showed greater inflammation, however after 15 days, there was no difference between the healing of the surgical wound in the presence of nylon thread or synthetic glue. Thus, ethylcyanoacrylate was adequately tolerated in this study, without inducing infections, proving to be a good alternative for skin synthesis in cats.

Influência de diferentes substâncias adesivas e da resposta de eficácia do teste in vitro para avaliação do Dinotefuran associado ao Piriproxifen sobre os ovos de Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de três substâncias adesivas sobre o desenvolvimento de ovos da pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis até a fase adulta e aplicar esta metodologia para avaliar a ação da formulação contendo dinotefuran e piriproxifen. Na primeira etapa, foram testadas as seguintes substâncias adesivas: cola em bastão, silicone líquido e cola adesiva instantânea (cianoacrilato). Para cada substância, foram utilizados 10 ovos por placa, em 10 repetições. Os ovos foram obtidos de uma colônia laboratorial. As larvas que eclodiram foram contadas no dia 7 e incubadas com meio larval a temperatura de 27± 1ºC e 80% de umidade em câmara climatizada e 30 dias depois foi feita a contagem de pulgas adultas. Para o teste de eficácia in vitro, dois animais da espécie felina receberam uma única dose de uma formulação tópica contendo o adulticida dinotefuran e um regulador de crescimento de artrópodes piriproxifen e dois animais não receberam nenhum tratamento, mantidos como controle. As infestações dos animais foram realizadas nos dias +35, +42, +49, +54, +63, +70 e +77 e as coletas de ovos foram feitas sempre 48 horas após infestação, nos dias +37, +44, +51, +56, +65, +72 e +79. Foram preparadas três repetições com 10 ovos cada, de acordo com a metodologia e utilizando a substância adesiva de melhor desempenho na etapa anterior e calculado a eficácia para cada desafio realizado. Os resultados da primeira etapa dos 100 ovos incubados por substância adesiva, 64, 51 e 76 larvas se desenvolveram até o terceiro estágio, respectivamente para os grupos cola em bastão (CB), cianoacrilato (CA) e silicone líquido (SL). Dentre essas larvas incubadas, 59, 45 e 68 adultos se desenvolveram até a fase adulta, respectivamente nos grupos CB, CA e SL. O percentual de adultos recuperados em relação ao número de larvas incubadas, respectivamente à CB, CA e SL, foi de 92,2%, 88,2% e 89,5%, porém, a substância de escolha para a metodologia foi o silicone líquido devido a sua ótima recuperação de larvas em relação aos ovos e a praticidade da técnica de dispor a cola na placa de Petri. Com relação a avaliação de dinotefuran e piriproxifen, o percentual de inibição da eclosão dos ovos foi acima de 90% no D+44 e caiu para 18,5% no D+72 e a eficácia contra emergência de adultos foi de 100% no dia +44 e 23,8% no dia +72. Com base nos resultados, foi possível avaliar que a substância adesiva a base de silicone líquido não influenciou no desenvolvimento das larvas através de uma metodologia in vitro, sendo aplicável para monitorar o desenvolvimento de larvas e pupas de pulgas sob a influência de um regulador de crescimento de insetos, assim como a emergência de adultos. Desse modo, a partir deste método, conclui-se que a associação de dinotefuran e piriproxifen foi eficaz na interrupção do ciclo de Ctenocephalides felis felis.

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of three sticky substances on the development of flea Ctenocephalides felis felis eggs until adulthood and apply this methodology to evaluate the action of the formulation containing dinotefuran and pyriproxyfen. In the first step, the following adhesive substances were tested: stick glue, liquid silicone and instant adhesive glue (cyanoacrylate). For each substance, 10 eggs per plate were used, with 10 repetitions. The eggs were obtained from a laboratory colony. The hatching larvae were counted at day 7 and larval medium were placed into incubators maintained at 27 ± 1ºC and 80% relative humidity. The number of adult fleas was counted at day 30. For the in vitro efficacy test, two animals of the feline species received a single dose of a topical formulation containing the adulticide dinotefuran and an insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen and two animals received no treatment, maintained as controls. Animal infestations were carried out on days +35, +42, +49, +54, +63, +70 and +77 and egg collections were always performed 48 hours after infestation, on days +37, +44, + 51, +56, +65, +72 and +79. Three repetitions were prepared with 10 eggs each, according to the methodology and using the sticky substance with the best performance in the previous step and calculating the effectiveness for each time point. The results of the first step of the 100 eggs incubated by each substance, 64, 51 and 76 larvae developed up to the third stage, respectively for the glue stick (CB), cyanoacrylate (CA) and liquid silicone (SL) groups. Among these incubated larvae, 59, 45 and 68 adults developed until adulthood, respectively in the CB, CA and SL groups. The percentage of adults recovered related to the number of incubated larvae, respectively to CB, CA and SL, was 92.2%, 88.2% and 89.5%. However, the substance of choice for the methodology was liquid silicone due to its excellent recovery of larvae compared to eggs incubated and the usefulness of the technique placing the glue on the Petri dish. Regarding the evaluation of dinotefuran and pyriproxyfen, the percentage of egg hatching inhibition was above 90% on D + 44 and dropped to 18.5% on D + 72 and the efficacy against emergence of adults was 100% on the day +44 and 23.8% on the day +72. Based on the results, it was possible to evaluate the liquid silicone sticky substance did not influence the development of larvae through an in vitro methodology, being applicable to monitor the development of fleas larvae and pupas under the influence of an insect growth regulator, as well as the emergence of adults. Therefore, from this method, it is concluded that the combination of dinotefuran and pyriproxyfen was effective in interrupting the cycle of C. felis felis.

Nefrolitíase associado à hidronefrose tratado cirurgicamente. relato de caso / Hephrolithiasis associated hydronephrosis surgically treated - case report

The presence nephroliths in dogs is a finding of only 5% of the reported uroliths in this species. This report describes a dog, the Miniature Schnauzer breed, seven-years-old, weighing 9.0 kg, with a history of hematuria and pollakiuria now for six days and spewing white stones and sharp in the urine. After imaging, was diagnosed bladder urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis early. The animal underwent cystotomy and nefrotomia and which were effective for the resolution of the case. The Use of cyanoacrylate showed efficacy how alternative synthesis of the kidney with hydronephrosis.

A presença de urólitos encontrados nos rins de cães representa um achado de apenas 5% dos cálculos encontrados nesta espécie. O presente relato descreve uma cadela, da raça Schnauzer miniatura, com sete anos de idade, pesando 9,0 kg, com histórico de hematúria e polaciúria  há seis dias e expelindo cálculos brancos e pontiagudos na urina. Após exames de imagem, foi diagnosticada a presença de Urolitíase vesical , nefrolitíase, e início de hidronefrose. O animal foi submetido à Nefrotomia com síntese utilizando cianocrilato e Cistotomia, os quais se mostraram efetivos para a resolução do caso. O uso do cianocrilato mostrou eficácia na síntese cirúrgica do Rim com início de hidronefrose.

Nefrolitíase associado à hidronefrose tratado cirurgicamente. relato de caso. / Hephrolithiasis associated hydronephrosis surgically treated - case report

The presence nephroliths in dogs is a finding of only 5% of the reported uroliths in this species. This report describes a dog, the Miniature Schnauzer breed, seven-years-old, weighing 9.0 kg, with a history of hematuria and pollakiuria now for six days and spewing white stones and sharp in the urine. After imaging, was diagnosed bladder urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis early. The animal underwent cystotomy and nefrotomia and which were effective for the resolution of the case. The Use of cyanoacrylate showed efficacy how alternative synthesis of the kidney with hydronephrosis.(AU)

A presença de urólitos encontrados nos rins de cães representa um achado de apenas 5% dos cálculos encontrados nesta espécie. O presente relato descreve uma cadela, da raça Schnauzer miniatura, com sete anos de idade, pesando 9,0 kg, com histórico de hematúria e polaciúria  há seis dias e expelindo cálculos brancos e pontiagudos na urina. Após exames de imagem, foi diagnosticada a presença de Urolitíase vesical , nefrolitíase, e início de hidronefrose. O animal foi submetido à Nefrotomia com síntese utilizando cianocrilato e Cistotomia, os quais se mostraram efetivos para a resolução do caso. O uso do cianocrilato mostrou eficácia na síntese cirúrgica do Rim com início de hidronefrose.(AU)

Adesivos de cianoacrilato na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar à eficácia de adesivos sintéticos a base de cianoacrilato na síntese de feridas cutâneas experimentais em Rattus norvegicus (n=140). Incisões cirúrgicas de 5cm foram criadas na linha alba e aproximadas com n-2-metil-cianoacrilato (G1), n-2-etil-cianoacrilato (G2), n-2-butil-cianoacrilato (G3), n-2-octil-cianoacrilato (G4) e nylon (G5, controle). No dia 0, avaliou-se o tempo para síntese dos diferentes materiais utilizados, enquanto, nos dias 3, 7 14 e 21 do pós-operatório realizou-se a avaliação quanto à presença do adesivo, seguida de coleta de amostras para avaliação de resistência (kg/força) e presença de células inflamatórias e colágeno (escores de 0 a 4). Menor tempo de síntese e maior tempo de adesão do adesivo na ferida foram observados nos animais do G4, mediante rápido efeito de ressonância e estabilidade do n-2-octil-cianoacrilato. No D3 e D7 o G5 apresentou maior resistência, entretanto no D14 e D21 o G3 e o G4 apresentaram maior resistência. Os maiores escores de células polimorfonucleares foram observados nos animais do G5 e do G2 foram associados ao trauma durante a ancoragem do fio de sutura e da rápida degradação do n-2-etil-cianoacrilato. Houve predomínio de células mononucleares G4 (D3 e D7). Tecido de granulação foi observado em todos os momentos avaliados no G1, G2, G3, G4 e G5. Uma maior deposição de colágeno tipo III foi observada no G1, G3 e G5, sendo substituído pelo tipo I no decorrer da cicatrização. Os adesivos de cianoacrilato de cadeias carbônicas maiores deflagram uma reação inflamatória menos intensa resultando em menor de tempo de cicatrização quando comparados com adesivos de cadeia curta e com fio de nylon.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of synthetic adhesives based on cyanoacrylate in the synthesis of experimental skin wounds in Rattus norvegicus (n = 140). 5cm surgical incisions were created in the white line and approximated with n-2-methyl-cyanoacrylate (G1), n-2-ethyl-cyanoacrylate (G2), n-2-butyl-cyanoacrylate (G3), n-2-octyl -cyanoacrylate (G4) and nylon (G5, control). On day 0, the time for synthesis of the different materials used was evaluated, while on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 of the postoperative period, the presence of the adhesive was performed, followed by the collection of samples for the evaluation of resistance. (kg / force) and presence of inflammatory cells and collagen (scores from 0 to 4). Shorter synthesis time and longer adhesive adhesion time on the wound were observed in the animals of G4, due to the fast resonance effect and stability of n-2-octyl-cyanoacrylate. In D3 and D7, G5 presented greater resistance, however in D14 and D21, G3 and G4 showed greater resistance. The highest polymorphonuclear cell scores were observed in animals from G5 and G2 were associated with trauma during suture anchorage and the rapid degradation of n-2-ethyl-cyanoacrylate. There was a predominance of G4 mononuclear cells (D3 and D7). Granulation tissue was observed at all times evaluated in G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5. A greater deposition of type III collagen was observed in G1, G3 and G5, being replaced by type I during healing. Larger carbon chain cyanoacrylate adhesives trigger a less intense inflammatory reaction resulting in less healing time when compared to short chain adhesives and nylon thread.

Temporary occlusion of the inferior lacrimal punctum and canaliculi of dogs with n-butyl-cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate / Oclusão temporária do ponto e canalículo lacrimais inferiores de cães com n-butil-cianoacrilato e 2-octil-cianoacrilato

The occlusion of the inferior lacrimal punctum limits tear drainage and thus keeps it over the ocular surface, prolongs lubrication and minimizes the need of ocular lubricants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate adhesives in the occlusion of the inferior lacrimal punctum and canaliculi of dogs and their clinical repercussions over 180 days. Eleven dogs, were divided into two groups: occlusion with n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (GB, n=6) and with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate (GO, n=5). Tear production, blepharospasm, ocular discharge, epiphora and conjunctival hyperemia were analyzed before the procedure and on days (T) 3,7,15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 after the procedure. Tear production of GB was significantly higher at T90 (P=0.0282) than its control. Variations between days showed that T7 (P=0.0069) and T180 (P=0.0207) varied significantly from T0. In the GO group, when treatment was compared to control, T15 (P 0.001) was significantly different from the rest. Variations between days showed that T15 was significantly different than T0 (P=0.0044), T3 (P=0.0234), T60 (P=0.0207) and T90 (P=0.0482). No significant difference was observed between the treatment groups at any given time. It was concluded that both adhesives were effective in occluding lacrimal drainage for long periods and could thus be considered as therapeutic options in treating animals with lacrimal deficiency.(AU)

A oclusão do ponto lacrimal inferior limita a drenagem da lágrima, mantendo-a sobre a superfície ocular, prolonga a lubrificação e minimiza a posologia de lubrificantes. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar a efetividade dos adesivos n-butil-cianoacrilato e 2-octil-cianocacrilato, na oclusão do ponto e canalículo lacrimais inferiores de cães e suas repercussões clínicas durante 180 dias. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 11 cães distribuídos em dois grupos: oclusão com n-butil-cianoacrilato (GB, n=6) e com 2-octil-cianoacrilato (GO; n=5). A produção lacrimal foi avaliada previamente ao procedimento e, posteriormente, aos 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias, assim como blefarospasmo, secreção ocular, epífora e hiperemia conjuntival. A produção lacrimal de GB diferiu significativamente de seu controle no momento T90 (P=0,0282). Entre momentos, T7 (p=0,0069) e T180 (P=0,0207), diferiram de T0. Em GO, comparando-se tratamento e controle, T15 (P 0,001) diferiu-se estatisticamente dos demais. Ao se compararem os momentos, verificou-se que T15 diferiu significativamente de T0 (P= 0,0044), T3 (P= 0,0234), T60 (P= 0,0207) e T 90 (P= 0,0482). Não foi observada diferença entre os tratamentos ao longo do tempo. Concluiu-se que ambos os adesivos foram efetivos para a oclusão da drenagem lacrimal por longo período, sendo uma opção factível para animais com deficiência do filme lacrimal.(AU)

A new surgical technique to treat corneal perforations using amniotic membrane and surgical adhesive / Nova técnica cirúrgica para tratamento de perfuração de córnea utilizando membrana amniótica e adesivo cirúrgico

The objectives of this study were to compare surgical techniques and the effects of using n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate and bovine amniotic membrane to repair perforated lesions in corneas. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in sixty New Zealand White rabbits under general anesthesia. Group 1 (G1) was treated with n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate, group 2 (G2) received a fragment of amniotic membrane through the anterior chamber and application of n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate over the lesion, group 3 (G3) was treated with the same technique as G2 with the addition of an amniotic membrane bandage covering the cornea and sutured in the limbus region, and group 4 (G4) was treated with an amniotic membrane sutured to the lesion and an amniotic membrane bandage sutured in the limbus region. Clinical, histological and histomorphometric examinations of the corneas were performed. The membrane acted as a barrier for aqueous humor in G2 and G3, thereby keeping the surface dry for adhesive application; it also prevented the adhesive from contacting intraocular structures. The groups treated with amniotic membrane and surgical adhesive showed better results than the groups treated with either material alone. Thus, the combination of the membrane with the adhesive is recommended for this type of lesion.(AU)

Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar técnicas cirúrgicas e efeitos do n-butil 2-cianoacrilato e da membrana amniótica bovina na reparação de lesões perfuradas em córneas. Sessenta coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branca foram submetidos à ceratoplastia penetrante sob anestesia geral. O grupo 1 (G1) foi tratado com n-butil 2-cianoacrilato; o grupo 2 (G2) recebeu um fragmento de membrana amniótica pela câmara anterior e aplicação de n-butil 2-cianoacrilato sobre a lesão; o grupo 3 (G3) foi tratado com a mesma técnica aplicada ao G2, adicionando-se uma bandagem de membrana amniótica cobrindo a córnea e suturada à região do limbo; e o grupo 4 (G4) foi tratado com membrana amniótica suturada nas bordas da lesão e bandagem de membrana amniótica suturada na região do limbo. Foram realizados exames clínico, histológico e histomorfométrico. A membrana atuou como barreira contra o extravasamento do humor aquoso nos grupos 2 e 3, manteve a superfície seca para posterior aplicação do adesivo e impediu o contato do adesivo com as estruturas intraoculares. Os grupos tratados com o adesivo associado à membrana amniótica demonstraram melhores resultados do que aqueles tratados com cada material isoladamente. Assim, a combinação da membrana com o adesivo é indicada neste tipo de lesão.(AU)

Comparative study of tissue reactivity to n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and nylon monofilament thread on pericranium-cutaneous flaps in rats

To study the repair of pericranium-cutaneous flaps fixed with suture anchored in a skull bone tunnel or N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive in Wistar rats with emphasis on the cellular inflammatory response and the production of types I and III collagen. The operated region in the cephalic region of Wistar rats was removed minutes before euthanasia, fixed in formalin, and subjected to histological preparation. Slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Picrosirius. Standardized counts of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages were performed, and the percentages of types I and III collagen were determined. Data collection occurred on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45 postoperatively. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Quantitative analysis of the data showed more fibroblasts in the surgical adhesive group than in the nylon monofilament thread groups (p=0.0211). Qualitative analysis showed higher reactivity in the adhesive group, with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells from days 3-45 and macrophages from days 3-7. The amount of type I collagen exceeded 80% in the treated and control groups at the end of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Subperiosteal detachment triggers a cellular inflammatory response that is amplified using soft tissue fixation methods. The adhesive n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was more reactive than the nylon monofilament thread anchored in the skull bone tunnel.(AU)

Ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive in skin sutures in sheep / Uso do adesivo etil-cianoacrilato em dermorrafias de ovinos

To evaluate and compare clinically and histologically the use of the ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive on repairing of skin surgical wounds, were used 7 adult sheep, clinically healthy. The animals were anaesthetized and two incisions of 5 cm on the skin were made. The skin suture was made with nylon 0, in simple separate pattern (control group) or with ethylcyanoacrylate adhesive (group treatment). The skin wounds were daily assessed until the 10th day post-operative regarding edema, secretion and dehiscence. For histological evaluation of the process, took place biopsy of both experimental wounds to 10, 20 and 30 days after surgery. The surgical procedure lasted on average 16.2 ± 1.92 minutes in the control group and 11.2 ± 2.58 minutes in the treatment group and both groups induced good healing process both macroscopically and histologically. The results showed that the ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive has good adhesion, and when employed in the synthesis of skin wounds in sheep, reduced the time of realization of the surgical procedure in 30.9%, not interfering with the scarring procedure and providing excellent aesthetic results without the need for removal the points.

Para avaliar e comparar clínica e histologicamente o uso do adesivo etil-cianoacrilato na reparação de feridas cirúrgicas de pele foram utilizados sete ovinos adultos, clinicamente sadios. Os animais foram sedados e anestesiados e realizaram-se duas incisões de cinco centímetros na pele, uma em cada fossa paralombar. A dermorrafia foi realizada com fio de náilon monofilamentar número 0, em padrão simples separado (grupo controle) ou com o adesivo de etilcianoacrilato (grupo tratamento). As feridas cutâneas foram avaliadas diariamente até o 10º dia pós-operatório quanto ao edema, secreção e deiscência. Para avaliação histológica do processo cicatricial, foram realizadas biopsias de ambas as feridas experimentais aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após a cirurgia. O procedimento cirúrgico durou em média 16,2±1,92 minutos no grupo controle e 11,2±2,58 minutos no grupo tratamento e ambos os grupos induziram bons processos cicatriciais tanto macroscopicamente como histologicamente. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o adesivo de etil-cianoacrilato possui boa adesividade e quando empregado na síntese de feridas cutâneas na região avaliada em ovinos, reduziu o tempo de realização do procedimento cirúrgico em 30,9%, não interferindo com o processo cicatricial e propiciando excelente resultado estético, sem necessidade de remoção dos pontos.

Ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive in skin sutures in sheep / Uso do adesivo etil-cianoacrilato em dermorrafias de ovinos

To evaluate and compare clinically and histologically the use of the ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive on repairing of skin surgical wounds, were used 7 adult sheep, clinically healthy. The animals were anaesthetized and two incisions of 5 cm on the skin were made. The skin suture was made with nylon 0, in simple separate pattern (control group) or with ethylcyanoacrylate adhesive (group treatment). The skin wounds were daily assessed until the 10th day post-operative regarding edema, secretion and dehiscence. For histological evaluation of the process, took place biopsy of both experimental wounds to 10, 20 and 30 days after surgery. The surgical procedure lasted on average 16.2 ± 1.92 minutes in the control group and 11.2 ± 2.58 minutes in the treatment group and both groups induced good healing process both macroscopically and histologically. The results showed that the ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive has good adhesion, and when employed in the synthesis of skin wounds in sheep, reduced the time of realization of the surgical procedure in 30.9%, not interfering with the scarring procedure and providing excellent aesthetic results without the need for removal the points.(AU)

Para avaliar e comparar clínica e histologicamente o uso do adesivo etil-cianoacrilato na reparação de feridas cirúrgicas de pele foram utilizados sete ovinos adultos, clinicamente sadios. Os animais foram sedados e anestesiados e realizaram-se duas incisões de cinco centímetros na pele, uma em cada fossa paralombar. A dermorrafia foi realizada com fio de náilon monofilamentar número 0, em padrão simples separado (grupo controle) ou com o adesivo de etilcianoacrilato (grupo tratamento). As feridas cutâneas foram avaliadas diariamente até o 10º dia pós-operatório quanto ao edema, secreção e deiscência. Para avaliação histológica do processo cicatricial, foram realizadas biopsias de ambas as feridas experimentais aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após a cirurgia. O procedimento cirúrgico durou em média 16,2±1,92 minutos no grupo controle e 11,2±2,58 minutos no grupo tratamento e ambos os grupos induziram bons processos cicatriciais tanto macroscopicamente como histologicamente. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o adesivo de etil-cianoacrilato possui boa adesividade e quando empregado na síntese de feridas cutâneas na região avaliada em ovinos, reduziu o tempo de realização do procedimento cirúrgico em 30,9%, não interferindo com o processo cicatricial e propiciando excelente resultado estético, sem necessidade de remoção dos pontos.(AU)

An experimental model of chronic rhinosinusitis in rabbits without bacterial inoculation

Evaluate and compare two different experimental techniques of maxillary sinus ostium occlusion using N-butyl cyanoacrylate in developing chronic histological findings without the inoculation of pathogenic bacteria among rabbits. In a randomized study, sixteen New Zealand rabbits were assigned for occlusion of the right maxillary sinus through a transmaxillary approach or through the roof of the nasal cavity. The contralateral sinus served as a control. After 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed for blinded histopathological analysis of the maxillary sinus mucosa. Histopathological changes consistent with CRS were found in eight (100%) of the maxillary sinuses approached transmaxillary and three of those through the roof of the nasal cavity (37.5%), p 0.008 and 0.250, respectively, comparing with the control side. Chronic mucosal changes were significantly better induced using the transmaxillary approach (p 0.026). It is possible to induce a model of chronic sinusitis among rabbits with transmaxillary sinus occlusion without bacterial inoculation. This model can be replicated for future cellular studies.(AU)

Reparação cirúrgica de fenda palatina em potro com a utilização de pericárdio bovino: relato de caso / Surgical correction of cleft palate in foal using bovine pericardium: case report / Corrección quirúrgica del paladar hendido en potro con pericardio bovino: reporte de un caso

Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar o caso de reparação cirúrgica de uma fenda palatina congênita em uma potra com a utilização de pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina a 98%. Um equino, fêmea, com 6 dias de vida foi atendido em uma propriedade apresentando dificuldade de deglutição e refluxo de leite pelas narinas, o qual foi diagnosticado com fenda palatina secundária. O animal foi submetido a palatoplastia com acesso cirúrgico por bucotomia lateral, porém 5 dias após o procedimento, houve deiscência da sutura. Optou-se então pela utilização de membrana biológica para a reconstrução do palato. O acesso a cavidade bucal por bucotomia possibilitou a sutura da fenda palatina e a colocação de pericárdio bovino com adesivo tecidual de etil-cianoacrilato. A técnica utilizada mostrou-se eficiente, uma vez que o animal apresentou boa adaptação e não houve deiscência de pontos após a segunda intervenção. A utilização de pericárdio bovino mostrou-se viável nesse caso palatoplastia, visto que a não realização da reconstrução torna-se incompatível a manutenção da vida.

This paper aims to report a case of surgical repair of congenital cleft palate in foal using bovine pericardium preserved in glycerin 98%. One female horse, with 6 days of life examined at the property with difficulty swallowing and milk reflux nostrils, which was diagnosed with secondary cleft palate. The animal was subjected to palatoplasty with surgical access by bucotomia, but five days after the procedure, there was suture dehiscence. It was then decided by the use of biological membrane for the reconstruction of the palate. Access to the oral cavity by bucotomia possible suturing the cleft palate and placement of bovine pericardium with tissue adhesive the basis of ethyl-cyanoacrylate. The technique used was efficient, since the animal showed good adaptation and no dehiscence points after the second intervention. Thus demonstrating a use a viable option bovine pericardium in palatoplasty surgeries since missing the reconstruction becomes inconsistent maintenance of life.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo informar el caso de reparación quirúrgica de un paladar hendido congénito en un potro utilizando pericardio bovino preservado con glicerina 98%. Una potra de 6 días de edad fue tratada en una granja con dificultad para tragar y reflujo de leche a través de las fosas nasales, que fue diagnosticada como paladar hendido secundario. El animal se sometió a una palatoplastia con acceso quirúrgico por bucotomía lateral, pero 5 días después del procedimiento, hubo dehiscencia de sutura. Luego se decidió utilizar una membrana biológica para la reconstrucción del paladar, el acceso a la cavidad bucal por bucotomía permitió suturar el paladar hendido y colocación de pericardio bovino con adhesivo tisular de cianoacrilato de etilo. La técnica utilizada demostró ser eficiente, una vez que el animal mostró una buena adaptación y no hubo dehiscencia de puntos después de la segunda intervención. EI uso de pericardio bovino fue viable eneste caso de palatoplastia, ya que la realización de la reconstrucción se vuelve incompatible con el mantenimiento de la vida.

Reparação cirúrgica de fenda palatina em potro com a utilização de pericárdio bovino: relato de caso / Surgical correction of cleft palate in foal using bovine pericardium: case report / Corrección quirúrgica del paladar hendido en potro con pericardio bovino: reporte de un caso

Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar o caso de reparação cirúrgica de uma fenda palatina congênita em uma potra com a utilização de pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina a 98%. Um equino, fêmea, com 6 dias de vida foi atendido em uma propriedade apresentando dificuldade de deglutição e refluxo de leite pelas narinas, o qual foi diagnosticado com fenda palatina secundária. O animal foi submetido a palatoplastia com acesso cirúrgico por bucotomia lateral, porém 5 dias após o procedimento, houve deiscência da sutura. Optou-se então pela utilização de membrana biológica para a reconstrução do palato. O acesso a cavidade bucal por bucotomia possibilitou a sutura da fenda palatina e a colocação de pericárdio bovino com adesivo tecidual de etil-cianoacrilato. A técnica utilizada mostrou-se eficiente, uma vez que o animal apresentou boa adaptação e não houve deiscência de pontos após a segunda intervenção. A utilização de pericárdio bovino mostrou-se viável nesse caso palatoplastia, visto que a não realização da reconstrução torna-se incompatível a manutenção da vida.(AU)

This paper aims to report a case of surgical repair of congenital cleft palate in foal using bovine pericardium preserved in glycerin 98%. One female horse, with 6 days of life examined at the property with difficulty swallowing and milk reflux nostrils, which was diagnosed with secondary cleft palate. The animal was subjected to palatoplasty with surgical access by bucotomia, but five days after the procedure, there was suture dehiscence. It was then decided by the use of biological membrane for the reconstruction of the palate. Access to the oral cavity by bucotomia possible suturing the cleft palate and placement of bovine pericardium with tissue adhesive the basis of ethyl-cyanoacrylate. The technique used was efficient, since the animal showed good adaptation and no dehiscence points after the second intervention. Thus demonstrating a use a viable option bovine pericardium in palatoplasty surgeries since missing the reconstruction becomes inconsistent maintenance of life.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo informar el caso de reparación quirúrgica de un paladar hendido congénito en un potro utilizando pericardio bovino preservado con glicerina 98%. Una potra de 6 días de edad fue tratada en una granja con dificultad para tragar y reflujo de leche a través de las fosas nasales, que fue diagnosticada como paladar hendido secundario. El animal se sometió a una palatoplastia con acceso quirúrgico por bucotomía lateral, pero 5 días después del procedimiento, hubo dehiscencia de sutura. Luego se decidió utilizar una membrana biológica para la reconstrucción del paladar, el acceso a la cavidad bucal por bucotomía permitió suturar el paladar hendido y colocación de pericardio bovino con adhesivo tisular de cianoacrilato de etilo. La técnica utilizada demostró ser eficiente, una vez que el animal mostró una buena adaptación y no hubo dehiscencia de puntos después de la segunda intervención. EI uso de pericardio bovino fue viable eneste caso de palatoplastia, ya que la realización de la reconstrucción se vuelve incompatible con el mantenimiento de la vida.(AU)

Emprego da cola de cianoacrilato em feridas cutâneas de asininos / Use of cianoacrilate glue on cutaneous wounds of donkeys

Avaliou-se o emprego do adesivo de éster de cianoacrilato na síntese de feridas cutâneas de asininos, a partir da análise do tempo de duração do procedimento cirúrgico e do processo cicatricial. Para tanto, foram utilizados cinco asininos clinicamente sadios, machos, adultos, pesando 103±8,5 kg, nos quais foi realizada uma incisão cutânea de 10 cm, em sentido dorso-ventral, na região tóraco-lateral, caudal à escápula e ventral à cernelha, em ambos os lados. Realizou-se a aproximação dos tecidos adjacentes com categute simples 2-0 e a aproximação da pele, de um lado com fio de náilon (Grupo controle) e no lado oposto com o adesivo (Grupo Tratamento). Foram realizadas, diariamente, avaliações clínicas das feridas e por meio de microscopia de luz decorridos 10, 20 e 30 dias. A cola de cianoacrilato demonstrou ser uma alternativa viável para síntese cutânea de asininos, por ter reduzido o tempo de realização do procedimento cirúrgico em 35,3% e por permitir boa coaptação dos bordos da ferida, sem interferir com o processo cicatricial.

We evaluated the use of adhesive cyanoacrylate ester in the synthesis of skin wounds of donkeys by analyzing the duration of surgery and healing process. For this, we used five clinically healthy, male donkeys, weighing 103 ± 8.5 kg, in which we performed a 10 cm skin incision in the dorsal-ventral direction, in the thoraco-lateral region, ventral to the scapula and caudal to the withers on both sides. The adjacent tissue was brought together with 2-0 simple catgut and approximation of the skin on one side with nylon (Control Group) and on the opposite side with adhesive (treatment group). We assessed the wounds daily and clinically and by light microscopy after 10, 20 and 30 days. The cyanoacrylate glue proved to be a viable alternative for cutaneous synthesis of donkeys, for reducing the time of surgical procedure in 35.3%, and for allowing a good coaptation of the edges of the wound, without interfering with the healing process.