Genome-Wide Association Study on Two Immune-Related Traits in Jinghai Yellow Chicken

This study was designed to discover molecular marker associated with the interferon INF-γ and avian influenza (AI) antibody titer traits in Jinghai Yellow chicken (Gallus gallus). Serum samples were taken from 400 female chickens and the INF-γ concentrations and AI antibody titer levels were measured. A genome-wide association study was carried out using specific-locus amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the two traits. After sequencing and quality control, 103,680 SLAFs and 90,961 SNPs were obtained. The 400 samples were divided into 10 subgroups to reduce the effects of group stratification. The Bonferroni adjusted P-value of genome-wide significance was set at 1.87E−06 according to the number of independent SNP markers and linkage disequilibrium blocks. A SNP that was significantly associated with INF-γ concentration was detected in the myomesin 1 (MYOM1) gene on chromosome 2, and another SNPthat was significantly associated with the AI antibody titer level was detected in an RNA methyltransferase gene (Nsun7), which was found to have an important biological function. We propose that MYOM1 and Nsun7 are valuable candidate genes that influence the disease resistance characters of chicken. However, in-depth investigations are needed to determine the essential roles of these genes in poultry disease resistance and their possible application in breeding disease resistant poultry.(AU)

Successful treatment and management of canine ehrlichiosis-leishmaniosis-heartworm comorbidity

Background: Canine vector borne diseases (CVBD) are common in tropical countries where the climate favors arthropods abundance. Comorbidity with one or more CVBD are reported as clinical complication and worsen prognostic. Canine visceral leishmaniosis (CanL) is an endemic zoonotic disease in Brazil caused by Leishmania infantum, with several restrictions to canine treatment and suggestion of reservoirs euthanasia for disease control. Heartworm (HW) is a helminthic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs. It is a chronic heart disease, which can lead to death by congestive heart failure. Canine ehrlichiosis (CE) is caused by Ehrlichia canis bacterial infection with a zoonotic potential and fatal to dogs in acute and chronic presentations. Exposed the above, this study aims to describe a successful treatment and management of a dog with CanL, CE, and HW comorbidity. Case: A 3-year-old male uncastrated black Labrador dog, weighing 35 kg, was admitted to the veterinary clinic due to immunochromatographic CanL positive test performed by municipal zoonosis control center active surveillance. Clinical exam showed a mild shedding, intermittent eye white/yellow discharge and popliteal lymph nodes enlargement. After positive for CanL, veterinary requested more laboratorial exams. IFAT and ELISA were positive for CanL, blood smear showed presence of microfilaria, and bone marrow cytology showed Ehrlichia spp. morulae and microfilaria. Initial treatment prescribed was oral doxycycline, omeprazole, ranitidine, and domperidone for 30 days, and allopurinol and ivermectin until further recommendation. Additionally, repellent collar, repellent spray and vitamin supplement was indicated. After first month, marbofloxacin for 30 days and three doses of immunostimulant drug were administrated. After three months of treatment, dog still positive for heartworm, ehrlichiosis, and CanL. Doxycycline protocol was repeated. Dog became consistently negative for all pathogens one year later with persistent thrombocytopenia but without clinical signs, ergo allopurinol and ivermectin were discontinued. After 4 years of follow up, the animal had an acute pancreatitis and died, with unremarkable total blood count and negative for all pathogens. Discussion: CVBD coinfections are commonly reported as worsen prognostic in endemic regions. The pathogens reported here share a host immunomodulation competence. L. infantum and Ehrlichia spp. downregulates Th1 response, whereas D. immitis increase as Th2 profile. The therapeutic protocol was iniciated by staging CanL. Since the patient had clinical signs, allopurinol was prescribed as a well-established drug for CanL. Marbofloxacin was added due to its high safety drug in clinical improvement of infected dogs with and without renal disease and in vitro effectiveness against L. infantum. Domperidone was used to promote Th1 cytokine profile as INF-γ, IL-2, IL-12, and TNF-α. We used an immunostimulant protocol to favor polarization to the Th1 profile comprised by 30 days of domperidone protocol followed by a vaccine and an immunomodulator. Doxycycline was used successfully for Ehrlichia spp. and HE clearance after 2 treatment courses and 1 year of ivermectin every 15 days. The animal presented intermittent coughing episodes on the first treatment course, but no medical intervention was needed besides exercise restriction. Our report shows the successful management of one dog with CanL, CE and HE comorbidity. This success was possible due to early detection and good therapeutic choice.(AU)

Non-volant mammals of the Ibura National Forest, northeastern Brazil

Less than 10% of the original Atlantic Forest cover now remains standing in the Brazilian state of Sergipe, although few scientific studies have focused on its mammalian diversity. The present study describes the diversity of non-volant mammals found in the Ibura National Forest (INF), based on live trapping, and direct and indirect observations. We sampled the IBF on six days per month between June 2012 and August 2013, using live-traps (Sherman-type) positioned in pairs (ground and understory). We equally sampled semideciduous forest and an abandoned Eucalyptusplantation with dense understory (over 30 years). We also used non-systematics methods (direct observations, vestiges, camera-trap, and opportunistic captures). We recorded 18 species, from 12 families and 7 orders considering all the applied methods. Among recorded species, Bradypus torquatusand Lontra longicaudisare considered threatened of extinction. Considering only the live-trapping (totaling 3,240 trapping nights), we captured 125 individuals (3.85% success) from four species, Marmosa demerarae(52%), Didelphis albiventris(19.2%), Cerradomys vivoi(15.2%), and M. murina(13.6%). Estimated and observed richness was the same, suggesting a satisfactory effort. Didelphis albiventrisand M. demeraraeshowed significantly higher captures in the dry seasons. Didelphis albiventrisand C.vivoishowed significantly higher captures in the substratum, and M. demeraraehigher in the understory. Cerradomysvivoishowed significantly higher captures in the Eucalyptusphytophysiognomy. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling and the ANOSIM showed a significant difference in the captured species among semidecidual forest and Eucalyptus. Despite the small area (144 ha), the INF still houses a relatively high mammalian diversity. Further investigations may help to understand the role of habitat reduction in the diversity and habitat partitioning among mammal species in the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil.

Efeito do hipotireoidismo materno na expressão espaço-temporal de mediadores imunológicos e população de células natural killers na decídua e na glândula metrial de ratas / Effect of maternal hypothyroidism on the spatiotemporal expression of immunological mediators and population of Natural Killers cells in decidua and metrial gland of rats

Estudou-se o efeito do hipotireoidismo materno na expressão espaço-temporal de mediadores imunológicos e na população de células natural killers (NK) na decídua e na glândula metrial de ratas durante a gestação. Avaliou-se a detecção imunoistoquímica de interferon γ (IFNγ), do fator inibidor de migração (MIF), da interleucina 15 (IL15), do óxido nítrico sintase induzível (iNOS), a marcação com lectina DBA para evidenciação das células NK uterinas DBA+ e a expressão gênica de Ifnγ e Nos2. O hipotireoidismo aumentou o iNOS aos sete dias, a IL15 e o MIF aos 10 e 12 dias, o IFNγ e o MIF aos 14 DG e a expressão dos transcritos gênicos para iNos aos 12 e 19 dias e para Ifnγ aos 14 DG. O hipotireoidismo reduziu a imunomarcação de MIF e lectina DBA aos sete dias, lectina DBA aos 10 e 14 DG, IFNγ aos 12 dias, e a expressão de Ifnγ aos 10 e 19 DG e de iNOS aos 12, 14 e 19 DG, bem como reduziu seus transcritos gênicos aos 10 e 14 DG. Conclui-se que o hipotireoidismo compromete o perfil imunológico na interface materno-fetal ao longo da gestação, particularmente por reduzir o fator anti-inflamatório iNOS e a população de células uNK DBA+.(AU)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal hypothyroidism on the spatiotemporal expression of immunological mediators and population of Natural Killers cells in decidua and metrial gland of rats. Interferon gamma (IFNγ), migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin 15 (IL15), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and DBA-Lectin labeling for evidence of uNK DBA+ cells in decidua and genetic expression of Ifnγ and iNos by real-time RT-PCR were evaluated. Hypothyroidism increased protein expression of iNOS at 7 days, IL15 and MIF at 10 and 12 days, IFNγ and MIF at 14 DG in the decidua and/or metrial gland and the gene transcripts for iNOS at 12 and 19 days and for Inf at 14 DG. In addition, hypothyroidism reduced the protein expression of MIF and DBA-Lectin at 7 days, DBA-Lectin at 10 and 14 DG, IFNγ at 12 days, and the gene transcript to Ifnγ at 10 and 19 DGs. Hypothyroidism also reduced the protein expression of iNOS at 12, 14 and 19 DG and reduced its gene transcripts at 10 and 14 DGs. It is concluded that hypothyroidism compromises the immunology profile at the maternal-fetal interface throughout pregnancy, particularly by reducing the anti-inflammatory factor iNOS and population of uNK DBA+ cells.(AU)

Efeito do hipotireoidismo materno na expressão espaço-temporal de mediadores imunológicos e população de células natural killers na decídua e na glândula metrial de ratas / Effect of maternal hypothyroidism on the spatiotemporal expression of immunological mediators and population of Natural Killers cells in decidua and metrial gland of rats

Estudou-se o efeito do hipotireoidismo materno na expressão espaço-temporal de mediadores imunológicos e na população de células natural killers (NK) na decídua e na glândula metrial de ratas durante a gestação. Avaliou-se a detecção imunoistoquímica de interferon γ (IFNγ), do fator inibidor de migração (MIF), da interleucina 15 (IL15), do óxido nítrico sintase induzível (iNOS), a marcação com lectina DBA para evidenciação das células NK uterinas DBA+ e a expressão gênica de Ifnγ e Nos2. O hipotireoidismo aumentou o iNOS aos sete dias, a IL15 e o MIF aos 10 e 12 dias, o IFNγ e o MIF aos 14 DG e a expressão dos transcritos gênicos para iNos aos 12 e 19 dias e para Ifnγ aos 14 DG. O hipotireoidismo reduziu a imunomarcação de MIF e lectina DBA aos sete dias, lectina DBA aos 10 e 14 DG, IFNγ aos 12 dias, e a expressão de Ifnγ aos 10 e 19 DG e de iNOS aos 12, 14 e 19 DG, bem como reduziu seus transcritos gênicos aos 10 e 14 DG. Conclui-se que o hipotireoidismo compromete o perfil imunológico na interface materno-fetal ao longo da gestação, particularmente por reduzir o fator anti-inflamatório iNOS e a população de células uNK DBA+.(AU)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal hypothyroidism on the spatiotemporal expression of immunological mediators and population of Natural Killers cells in decidua and metrial gland of rats. Interferon gamma (IFNγ), migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin 15 (IL15), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and DBA-Lectin labeling for evidence of uNK DBA+ cells in decidua and genetic expression of Ifnγ and iNos by real-time RT-PCR were evaluated. Hypothyroidism increased protein expression of iNOS at 7 days, IL15 and MIF at 10 and 12 days, IFNγ and MIF at 14 DG in the decidua and/or metrial gland and the gene transcripts for iNOS at 12 and 19 days and for Inf at 14 DG. In addition, hypothyroidism reduced the protein expression of MIF and DBA-Lectin at 7 days, DBA-Lectin at 10 and 14 DG, IFNγ at 12 days, and the gene transcript to Ifnγ at 10 and 19 DGs. Hypothyroidism also reduced the protein expression of iNOS at 12, 14 and 19 DG and reduced its gene transcripts at 10 and 14 DGs. It is concluded that hypothyroidism compromises the immunology profile at the maternal-fetal interface throughout pregnancy, particularly by reducing the anti-inflammatory factor iNOS and population of uNK DBA+ cells.(AU)

Samsum ant venom modulates the immune response and redox status at the acute toxic dose in vivo

Background:Ant venoms express surface molecules that participate in antigen presentation involving pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This work aims to investigate the expression of MHC-II, CD80 and CD86 on the polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in rats injected with samsum ant venom (SAV).Methods:Rats were divided into three groups - control, SAV-treated (intraperitoneal route, 600 μg/kg), and SAV-treated (subcutaneous route, 600 μg/kg). After five doses, animals were euthanized and samples collected for analysis.Results:The subcutaneous SAV-trated rats presented decreased levels of glutathione with increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Intraperitoneal SAV-treated animals displayed significantly reduced concentrations of both IFN-γ and IL-17 in comparison with the control group. However, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous SAV-treated rats were able to upregulate the expressions of MHC-II, CD80 and CD86 on PMNs in comparison with the control respectively. The histological examination showed severe lymphocyte depletion in the splenic white pulp of the intraperitoneal SAV-injected rats.Conclusion:Stimulation of PMNs by SAV leads to upregulation of MHC-II, CD 80, and CD 86, which plays critical roles in antigen presentation and consequently proliferation of T-cells. Subcutaneous route was more efficient than intraperitoneal by elevating MHC-II, CD80 and CD86 expression, disturbing oxidative stability and increasing lipogram concentration.

Samsum ant venom modulates the immune response and redox status at the acute toxic dose in vivo

Background:Ant venoms express surface molecules that participate in antigen presentation involving pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This work aims to investigate the expression of MHC-II, CD80 and CD86 on the polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in rats injected with samsum ant venom (SAV).Methods:Rats were divided into three groups - control, SAV-treated (intraperitoneal route, 600 μg/kg), and SAV-treated (subcutaneous route, 600 μg/kg). After five doses, animals were euthanized and samples collected for analysis.Results:The subcutaneous SAV-trated rats presented decreased levels of glutathione with increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Intraperitoneal SAV-treated animals displayed significantly reduced concentrations of both IFN-γ and IL-17 in comparison with the control group. However, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous SAV-treated rats were able to upregulate the expressions of MHC-II, CD80 and CD86 on PMNs in comparison with the control respectively. The histological examination showed severe lymphocyte depletion in the splenic white pulp of the intraperitoneal SAV-injected rats.Conclusion:Stimulation of PMNs by SAV leads to upregulation of MHC-II, CD 80, and CD 86, which plays critical roles in antigen presentation and consequently proliferation of T-cells. Subcutaneous route was more efficient than intraperitoneal by elevating MHC-II, CD80 and CD86 expression, disturbing oxidative stability and increasing lipogram concentration.(AU)

Quantificação da IL-10 e do INF- em cães com ou sem sinais clínicos de infecção com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi

ABSTRACT: Leishmaniasis comprise a complex of diseases caused by intracellular mandatory parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. Considered as an important public health problem, and domestic dogs are primarily responsible for maintaining the epidemiological chain of the disease, it is estimated that more than the half of the dogs infected do not show clinical signs of the disease. The profile of IL-10 and IFN- dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in São Luís/MA was evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 50 animals, 20 from positive and symptomatic dogs for leishmaniasis canine (CVL), 20 from positive asymptomatic animals and 10 negative. Samples were analyzed by immunochromatographic test Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) and by indirect ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) for detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies. After the confirmation of the tests, the capture ELISA was performed for quantification of IL-10 and IFN- cytokines through the Milliplex MAP kit. There was a statistical difference between the groups, observing an increase of IL-10 in blood of symptomatic dogs for CVL, compared to the group of asymptomatic animals, suggesting that animals with this expression of IL-10 may be associated with susceptibility to disease. As well as the increase in IFN- levels in asymptomatic dogs, compared to the symptomatic dog group, could be related to chronicity of the disease.

RESUMO: As leishmanioses compreendem um complexo de doenças causadas por parasitos intracelulares obrigatórios pertencentes ao gênero Leishmania. Consideradas como importante problema de saúde pública, sendo os cães domésticos os principais responsáveis pela manutenção da cadeia epidemiológica da doença, estima-se que mais da metade dos cães infectados não manifestam sinais clínicos da enfermidade. Avaliou-se o perfil de IL-10 e INF- de cães naturalmente infectados com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi no município de São Luís-MA. Foram coletadas 50 amostras, sendo 20 de animais positivos e sintomáticos para Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC), 20 de animais positivos e assintomáticos e 10 de animais sabidamente negativos para a LVC. As amostras foram analisadas pelo teste imunocromatográfico rápido Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) e pelo ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) indireto para detecção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania. Após as confirmações dos testes, foi realizado o ELISA de captura para quantificação das citocinas IL-10 e INF- através do kit Milliplex MAP. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos, observando um aumento de IL-10 em soros de cães sintomáticos para LVC, comparado com o grupo de animais assintomáticos, sugerindo que animais com essa expressão de IL-10 podem estar associados à susceptibilidade a doença. Assim como o aumento dos níveis de INF- observados em cães assintomáticos, comparado com o grupo de cães sintomáticos, poderiam estar relacionados à cronicidade da doença.

Avaliação de IFN- e IL-10 em cães naturalmente infectados com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi com e sem manifestações clínicas

ABSTRACT: Leishmaniasis has as obligatory intracellular parasitic etiological agents belonging to the genus Leishmania capable of infecting different species of mammals and reproducing them within the mononuclear phagocytic system. Domestic dogs are the main responsible for maintaining the epidemiological chain of the disease, presenting a wide variety of clinical profiles, from apparently healthy to severely affected. The expression of the cytokines from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi was evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 50 animals, 20 from positive and symptomatic dogs for Leishmaniasis Canine (CVL), 20 from positive asymptomatic animals and 10 negative. Samples were analyzed by immunochromatographic test Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) and by indirect ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) for detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies. There was statistical difference between the groups observing an increase in IFN- levels in asymptomatic animals and an IL-10 increase in symptomatic.

RESUMO: As leishmanioses têm como agentes etiológicos parasitas intracelulares obrigatórios pertencentes ao gênero Leishmania capazes de infectar diferentes espécies de mamíferos e nestes se reproduzirem dentro do sistema fagocítico mononuclear. Os cães domésticos são os principais responsáveis pela manutenção da cadeia epidemiológica da doença, podendo apresentar uma grande variedade de perfis clínicos, desde aparentemente sadios a severamente acometidos. Avaliou-se a expressão das citocinas de cães naturalmente infectados com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. Foram coletadas 50 amostras, sendo 20 de animais positivos e sintomáticos para Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC), 20 de animais positivos e assintomáticos e 10 de animais sabidamente negativos para a LVC. As amostras foram analisadas pelo teste imunocromatográfico rápido Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) e pelo ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) indireto para detecção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania. Após as confirmações dos testes, foi realizado o ELISA de captura (R & D Systems) para quantificação das citocinas IL-10 e IFN-. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos observando um aumento nos níveis de IFN- nos animais assintomáticos e um aumento de IL-10 nos sintomáticos.

Quantificação da IL-10 e do INF-γ em cães com ou sem sinais clínicos de infecção com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi / Quantification of IL-10 and IFN-γ in dogs with or without clinical signs of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection

As leishmanioses compreendem um complexo de doenças causadas por parasitos intracelulares obrigatórios pertencentes ao gênero Leishmania. Consideradas como importante problema de saúde pública, sendo os cães domésticos os principais responsáveis pela manutenção da cadeia epidemiológica da doença, estima-se que mais da metade dos cães infectados não manifestam sinais clínicos da enfermidade. Avaliou-se o perfil de IL-10 e INF- γ de cães naturalmente infectados com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi no município de São Luís-MA. Foram coletadas 50 amostras, sendo 20 de animais positivos e sintomáticos para Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC), 20 de animais positivos e assintomáticos e 10 de animais sabidamente negativos para a LVC. As amostras foram analisadas pelo teste imunocromatográfico rápido Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) e pelo ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) indireto para detecção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania. Após as confirmações dos testes, foi realizado o ELISA de captura para quantificação das citocinas IL-10 e INF-γ através do kit Milliplex MAP. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos, observando um aumento de IL-10 em soros de cães sintomáticos para LVC, comparado com o grupo de animais assintomáticos, sugerindo que animais com essa expressão de IL-10 podem estar associados à susceptibilidade a doença. Assim como o aumento dos níveis de INF-γ observados em cães assintomáticos, comparado com o grupo de cães sintomáticos, poderiam estar relacionados à cronicidade da doença.(AU)

Leishmaniasis comprise a complex of diseases caused by intracellular mandatory parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. Considered as an important public health problem, and domestic dogs are primarily responsible for maintaining the epidemiological chain of the disease, it is estimated that more than the half of the dogs infected do not show clinical signs of the disease. The profile of IL-10 and IFN-γ dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in São Luís/MA was evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 50 animals, 20 from positive and symptomatic dogs for leishmaniasis canine (CVL), 20 from positive asymptomatic animals and 10 negative. Samples were analyzed by immunochromatographic test Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) and by indirect ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) for detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies. After the confirmation of the tests, the capture ELISA was performed for quantification of IL-10 and IFN-γ cytokines through the Milliplex MAP kit. There was a statistical difference between the groups, observing an increase of IL-10 in blood of symptomatic dogs for CVL, compared to the group of asymptomatic animals, suggesting that animals with this expression of IL-10 may be associated with susceptibility to disease. As well as the increase in IFN-γ levels in asymptomatic dogs, compared to the symptomatic dog group, could be related to chronicity of the disease.(AU)

Quantificação da IL-10 e do INF-γ em cães com ou sem sinais clínicos de infecção com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi / Quantification of IL-10 and IFN-γ in dogs with or without clinical signs of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection

As leishmanioses compreendem um complexo de doenças causadas por parasitos intracelulares obrigatórios pertencentes ao gênero Leishmania. Consideradas como importante problema de saúde pública, sendo os cães domésticos os principais responsáveis pela manutenção da cadeia epidemiológica da doença, estima-se que mais da metade dos cães infectados não manifestam sinais clínicos da enfermidade. Avaliou-se o perfil de IL-10 e INF- γ de cães naturalmente infectados com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi no município de São Luís-MA. Foram coletadas 50 amostras, sendo 20 de animais positivos e sintomáticos para Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC), 20 de animais positivos e assintomáticos e 10 de animais sabidamente negativos para a LVC. As amostras foram analisadas pelo teste imunocromatográfico rápido Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) e pelo ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) indireto para detecção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania. Após as confirmações dos testes, foi realizado o ELISA de captura para quantificação das citocinas IL-10 e INF-γ através do kit Milliplex MAP. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos, observando um aumento de IL-10 em soros de cães sintomáticos para LVC, comparado com o grupo de animais assintomáticos, sugerindo que animais com essa expressão de IL-10 podem estar associados à susceptibilidade a doença. Assim como o aumento dos níveis de INF-γ observados em cães assintomáticos, comparado com o grupo de cães sintomáticos, poderiam estar relacionados à cronicidade da doença.(AU)

Leishmaniasis comprise a complex of diseases caused by intracellular mandatory parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. Considered as an important public health problem, and domestic dogs are primarily responsible for maintaining the epidemiological chain of the disease, it is estimated that more than the half of the dogs infected do not show clinical signs of the disease. The profile of IL-10 and IFN-γ dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in São Luís/MA was evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 50 animals, 20 from positive and symptomatic dogs for leishmaniasis canine (CVL), 20 from positive asymptomatic animals and 10 negative. Samples were analyzed by immunochromatographic test Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) and by indirect ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) for detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies. After the confirmation of the tests, the capture ELISA was performed for quantification of IL-10 and IFN-γ cytokines through the Milliplex MAP kit. There was a statistical difference between the groups, observing an increase of IL-10 in blood of symptomatic dogs for CVL, compared to the group of asymptomatic animals, suggesting that animals with this expression of IL-10 may be associated with susceptibility to disease. As well as the increase in IFN-γ levels in asymptomatic dogs, compared to the symptomatic dog group, could be related to chronicity of the disease.(AU)

Avaliação de IFN-γ e IL-10 em cães naturalmente infectados com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi com e sem manifestações clínicas / Evaluation of INF-γ and IL-10 in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi with and without clinic events

As leishmanioses têm como agentes etiológicos parasitas intracelulares obrigatórios pertencentes ao gênero Leishmania capazes de infectar diferentes espécies de mamíferos e nestes se reproduzirem dentro do sistema fagocítico mononuclear. Os cães domésticos são os principais responsáveis pela manutenção da cadeia epidemiológica da doença, podendo apresentar uma grande variedade de perfis clínicos, desde aparentemente sadios a severamente acometidos. Avaliou-se a expressão das citocinas de cães naturalmente infectados com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. Foram coletadas 50 amostras, sendo 20 de animais positivos e sintomáticos para Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC), 20 de animais positivos e assintomáticos e 10 de animais sabidamente negativos para a LVC. As amostras foram analisadas pelo teste imunocromatográfico rápido Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) e pelo ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) indireto para detecção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania. Após as confirmações dos testes, foi realizado o ELISA de captura (R & D Systems) para quantificação das citocinas IL-10 e IFN-γ. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos observando um aumento nos níveis de IFN-γ nos animais assintomáticos e um aumento de IL-10 nos sintomáticos.(AU)

Leishmaniasis has as obligatory intracellular parasitic etiological agents belonging to the genus Leishmania capable of infecting different species of mammals and reproducing them within the mononuclear phagocytic system. Domestic dogs are the main responsible for maintaining the epidemiological chain of the disease, presenting a wide variety of clinical profiles, from apparently healthy to severely affected. The expression of the cytokines from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi was evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 50 animals, 20 from positive and symptomatic dogs for Leishmaniasis Canine (CVL), 20 from positive asymptomatic animals and 10 negative. Samples were analyzed by immunochromatographic test Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) and by indirect ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) for detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies. There was statistical difference between the groups observing an increase in IFN-γ levels in asymptomatic animals and an IL-10 increase in symptomatic.(AU)

Avaliação de IFN-γ e IL-10 em cães naturalmente infectados com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi com e sem manifestações clínicas / Evaluation of INF-γ and IL-10 in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi with and without clinic events

As leishmanioses têm como agentes etiológicos parasitas intracelulares obrigatórios pertencentes ao gênero Leishmania capazes de infectar diferentes espécies de mamíferos e nestes se reproduzirem dentro do sistema fagocítico mononuclear. Os cães domésticos são os principais responsáveis pela manutenção da cadeia epidemiológica da doença, podendo apresentar uma grande variedade de perfis clínicos, desde aparentemente sadios a severamente acometidos. Avaliou-se a expressão das citocinas de cães naturalmente infectados com Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. Foram coletadas 50 amostras, sendo 20 de animais positivos e sintomáticos para Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC), 20 de animais positivos e assintomáticos e 10 de animais sabidamente negativos para a LVC. As amostras foram analisadas pelo teste imunocromatográfico rápido Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) e pelo ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) indireto para detecção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania. Após as confirmações dos testes, foi realizado o ELISA de captura (R & D Systems) para quantificação das citocinas IL-10 e IFN-γ. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos observando um aumento nos níveis de IFN-γ nos animais assintomáticos e um aumento de IL-10 nos sintomáticos.(AU)

Leishmaniasis has as obligatory intracellular parasitic etiological agents belonging to the genus Leishmania capable of infecting different species of mammals and reproducing them within the mononuclear phagocytic system. Domestic dogs are the main responsible for maintaining the epidemiological chain of the disease, presenting a wide variety of clinical profiles, from apparently healthy to severely affected. The expression of the cytokines from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi was evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 50 animals, 20 from positive and symptomatic dogs for Leishmaniasis Canine (CVL), 20 from positive asymptomatic animals and 10 negative. Samples were analyzed by immunochromatographic test Dual Path Platform (DPP/Biomanguinhos®) and by indirect ELISA (EIE/Biomanguinhos®) for detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies. There was statistical difference between the groups observing an increase in IFN-γ levels in asymptomatic animals and an IL-10 increase in symptomatic.(AU)

Protective effect of -glucan and glutamine on intestinal and immunological damage in mice induced by cytarabine (Ara-C)

ABSTRACT: Recently, glutamine and -glucan have been demonstrated to play an important role in modulation of the immune system and in promoting intestinal health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this intervention on inflammatory responses and intestinal health in mice orally pretreated with soluble Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived 1,3/1,6--glucan (80mg/kg) with or without glutamine (150mg/kg) and then challenged with cytarabine (Ara-C) (15mg/kg). Improvements in villi and crypts were not observed in the -glucan group. The intestinal morphometry in the glutamine group showed the best results. -glucan in combination with glutamine presented the highest values of IL-1 and IL-10 and lowest values for leukocytes and INF-. Based on these results, combined -glucan and glutamine pretreatment reduced intestinal inflammation and improved the immune response after Ara-C challenge.

RESUMO: Recentemente, glutamina e -glucano têm demonstrado desempenhar um papel importante na modulação do sistema imune e na promoção de benefícios para a saúde intestinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito dessa intervenção sobre as respostas inflamatórias e saúde intestinal de camundongos pré- tratados por via oral com 1,3/1,6--glucano (80mg/kg) derivado de Saccharomyces cerevisiae com ou sem glutamina (150mg/kg) e posteriormente desafiados com citarabina (Ara-C) (15mg/kg). Melhoras em vilosidades e criptas não foram observadas no grupo de tratamento com -glucano. A morfometria intestinal no grupo de tratamento com glutamina apresentou os melhores resultados. O grupo em que foi utilizado -glucano em combinação com glutamina apresentou os maiores valores de IL-1 e IL -10 e valores mais baixos para os leucócitos e INF-. Com base nestes resultados, o pré-tratamento de -glucano combinado com glutamina reduziu a inflamação intestinal e melhorou a resposta imune após o desafio com Ara-C.

Protective effect of ß-glucan and glutamine on intestinal and immunological damage in mice induced by cytarabine (Ara-C) / Efeito protetor do ß-glucano e glutamina em lesões intestinais e imunológicas induzidas por ciratabina (Ara-C) em camundongos

Recently, glutamine and ß-glucan have been demonstrated to play an important role in modulation of the immune system and in promoting intestinal health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this intervention on inflammatory responses and intestinal health in mice orally pretreated with soluble Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived 1,3/1,6-ß-glucan (80mg/kg) with or without glutamine (150mg/kg) and then challenged with cytarabine (Ara-C) (15mg/kg). Improvements in villi and crypts were not observed in the ß-glucan group. The intestinal morphometry in the glutamine group showed the best results. ß-glucan in combination with glutamine presented the highest values of IL-1ß and IL-10 and lowest values for leukocytes and INF-γ. Based on these results, combined ß-glucan and glutamine pretreatment reduced intestinal inflammation and improved the immune response after Ara-C challenge.(AU)

Recentemente, glutamina e ß-glucano têm demonstrado desempenhar um papel importante na modulação do sistema imune e na promoção de benefícios para a saúde intestinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito dessa intervenção sobre as respostas inflamatórias e saúde intestinal de camundongos pré- tratados por via oral com 1,3/1,6-ß-glucano (80mg/kg) derivado de Saccharomyces cerevisiae com ou sem glutamina (150mg/kg) e posteriormente desafiados com citarabina (Ara-C) (15mg/kg). Melhoras em vilosidades e criptas não foram observadas no grupo de tratamento com ß-glucano. A morfometria intestinal no grupo de tratamento com glutamina apresentou os melhores resultados. O grupo em que foi utilizado ß-glucano em combinação com glutamina apresentou os maiores valores de IL-1ß e IL -10 e valores mais baixos para os leucócitos e INF-γ. Com base nestes resultados, o pré-tratamento de ß-glucano combinado com glutamina reduziu a inflamação intestinal e melhorou a resposta imune após o desafio com Ara-C.(AU)

Protective effect of ß-glucan and glutamine on intestinal and immunological damage in mice induced by cytarabine (Ara-C) / Efeito protetor do ß-glucano e glutamina em lesões intestinais e imunológicas induzidas por ciratabina (Ara-C) em camundongos

Recently, glutamine and ß-glucan have been demonstrated to play an important role in modulation of the immune system and in promoting intestinal health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this intervention on inflammatory responses and intestinal health in mice orally pretreated with soluble Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived 1,3/1,6-ß-glucan (80mg/kg) with or without glutamine (150mg/kg) and then challenged with cytarabine (Ara-C) (15mg/kg). Improvements in villi and crypts were not observed in the ß-glucan group. The intestinal morphometry in the glutamine group showed the best results. ß-glucan in combination with glutamine presented the highest values of IL-1ß and IL-10 and lowest values for leukocytes and INF-γ. Based on these results, combined ß-glucan and glutamine pretreatment reduced intestinal inflammation and improved the immune response after Ara-C challenge.(AU)

Recentemente, glutamina e ß-glucano têm demonstrado desempenhar um papel importante na modulação do sistema imune e na promoção de benefícios para a saúde intestinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito dessa intervenção sobre as respostas inflamatórias e saúde intestinal de camundongos pré- tratados por via oral com 1,3/1,6-ß-glucano (80mg/kg) derivado de Saccharomyces cerevisiae com ou sem glutamina (150mg/kg) e posteriormente desafiados com citarabina (Ara-C) (15mg/kg). Melhoras em vilosidades e criptas não foram observadas no grupo de tratamento com ß-glucano. A morfometria intestinal no grupo de tratamento com glutamina apresentou os melhores resultados. O grupo em que foi utilizado ß-glucano em combinação com glutamina apresentou os maiores valores de IL-1ß e IL -10 e valores mais baixos para os leucócitos e INF-γ. Com base nestes resultados, o pré-tratamento de ß-glucano combinado com glutamina reduziu a inflamação intestinal e melhorou a resposta imune após o desafio com Ara-C.(AU)

TRANSPLANTE DE CÉLULAS-TRONCO MESENQUIMAIS ALOGÊNICAS EM CÃES COM MENINGOENCEFALOMIELITE DE ORIGEM DESCONHECIDA

A meningoencefalomielite de origem desconhecida (MUO) canina é uma doença neuroinflamatória de provável origem imunomediada, altamente debilitante, que apresenta prognostico desfavorável e falha terapêutica com o uso de imunossupressores. As células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs) são promissoras para o tratamento de doenças neuroimunes, porém, diferentes fontes podem apresentar variações no potencial imunomodulador e neuroprotetor. In vitro, avaliamos a expressão gênica de BDNF, GDNF, HGF, IDO, IL-10 e PTGES2 e o perfil secretório de IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF e MCP-1 de MSCs caninas derivadas do tecido adiposo (Ad-MSCs) e placenta (PMSCs) após estimulação única com INF- e combinada com INF- com TNF-. In vivo, avaliamos a resposta terapêutica ao transplante de Ad-MSCs alogênicas em cães com MUO que apresentaram falha terapêutica ao tratamento imunossupressor. Grupo PAC: 12 cães com MUO tratados com o protocolo imunossupressor de citarabina (ara-C) e prednisona. Grupo cMSC: Cinco cães que apresentaram falha terapêutica tratados com dois transplantes de 2,5x106 Ad-MSCs pela via intratecal (IT) (totalizando seis transplantes) ou intravenosa (IV) (totalizando três transplantes), com intervalo de 40 dias. Avaliamos a recuperação funcional, redução das lesões inflamatórias por ressonância magnética (RM) e líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR). In vitro, observamos aumento significativo na expressão de BDNF, GDNF, HGF e IDO pelas Ad-MSCs após as estimulações, e na expressão de IDO pelas PMSCs após a estimulação combinada. Houve tendência a maior expressão de IL-10 nas células estimuladas de ambas fontes. Houve aumento significativo na secreção de IL-6 pelas Ad-MSCs e de IL-8 pelas PMSCs após estimulação. In vivo, houve tendência a melhora funcional e dos parâmetros inflamatórios no LCR em ambos grupos, indicando efeitos positivos. No grupo cMSC, a maioria dos cães teve remissão parcial e eventos adversos leves foram observados em 4/6 animais após transplantes IT, sendo ausentes pela via IV. Todos os cães do grupo PAC desenvolveram efeitos adversos. Não houve diferenças significativas nas variáveis de hemograma e bioquímica dentro e entre os grupos. O transplante de Ad-MSCs alogênicas em cães com MUO demonstrou efeitos benéficos

Canine meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO) is an immune-mediated neuroinflammatory disease, highly debilitating, with poor prognosis and therapeutic failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising for the treatment of neuroimmune diseases. Different sources may present differences in the immunomodulatory/neuroprotective potential. In vitro, we evaluated the gene expression of BDNF, GDNF, HGF, IDO, IL-10 and PTGES2 and the secretory profile of IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, IL-10, GM-CSF and MCP- 1 of canine MSCs derived from adipose tissue (Ad-MSCs) and placenta (PMSCs) after priming with the pro-inflammatory cytokines INF- alone and combined INF- and TNF-. In vivo, we evaluated the clinical response to allogeneic Ad-MSCs transplantation in dogs with MUO. PAC group: 12 dogs treated with immunosuppressant cytarabine (ara-C) and prednisone. cMSC group: 5 dogs of PAC group with therapeutic failure were treated with 2.5x106/kg Ad-MSCs by intrathecal (IT) (n = 6) or intravenous (IV) (n = 3) delivery routes (40 days of interval). Functional recovery and the reduction of inflammatory lesions by magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated. In vitro, there was significant increase of BDNF, GDNF, HGF and IDO expression by Ad-MSCs after priming and expression of IDO after combined priming by PMSCs. Ad-MSCs had a significant increase in the secretion of IL-6 and PMSCs of IL-8 after priming. In vivo, a trend towards functional improvement was observed in both groups after treatment. In the cMSC group, most dogs had partial remission and mild adverse events were observed in 4/6 animals after IT transplantations, being absent by IV. Clinical and laboratory variables showed no statistical differences. Allogeneic Ad-MSCs transplantation demonstrated beneficial effects in dogs with MUO.

Enriquecimento ambiental como metodologia preditiva para avaliação de bem-estar de camundongos Swiss Webster durante infecção experimental aguda pelo Trypanosoma cruzi

Um dos pontos críticos na Ciência de Animais de Laboratório (CAL) é a avaliação do Bem-Estar Animal (BEA) de forma não invasiva e a detecção preditiva ou diagnóstica da presença de sofrimento em camundongos usados para fins científicos. A Lei No 11.794/2008, também conhecida como Lei Arouca, regulamentou o uso de animais para fins didáticos e científicos e estabeleceu o Conselho Nacional de Controle da Experimentação Animal (CONCEA), buscando a elevação da CAL e do BEA. O CONCEA, através das suas Resoluções Normativas (RN) nos 30 a 33, buscaram orientar a utilização ética de roedores, evitando desconforto e dor e elevando a sua qualidade de vida em biotérios. Contudo, além das orientações vigentes, o objetivo dessa dissertação foi acrescentar a essas RNs uma forma técnico-científica, baseada no princípio de Refinamento dos 3Rs que monitore o BE de camundongos durante seu uso científico. A metodologia baseou-se na observação do uso de objetos para enriquecimento ambiental (EA), neste caso o Trapézio, acoplado na tampa da gaiola. Dessa observação, surgiu a hipótese deste trabalho: a criação do protótipo #1 Trap e a medição, através da contagem diária, do número de uso do objeto em 15 minutos. Foram utilizados como modelo experimental o curso da infecção aguda pelo Trypanosoma cruzi na linhagem de camundongos Swiss Webster. Os resultados mostraram que, após a divisão em quatro grupos, destacando: [N], sem infecção e [Inf] camundongos infectados e sem tratamento. A diferença estatística preditiva foi observada no 11º dia pós-infecção (dpi) pelo comprometimento do BEA entre [N: 72±18,5 No de eventos] e [Inf: 32±13,1 No de eventos] (p 0,05). No 21º dpi foi o período mais grave da infecção experimental (N: 75±17,3 e Inf: 11±5,1 No de eventos, respectivamente) (p 0,05). Desta forma, sugere-se que o #1Trap foi eficaz, no quesito preditivo, pois valores estatisticamente significativos demonstraram o início do comprometimento do BEA e que a eutanásia deve ser realizada antes do 21º dpi, para que o camundongo não sofra desconforto pela gravidade do quadro clínico, durante o curso da infecção por T. cruzi.

One of the defined points in Laboratory Animal Science (LAS) is the non-invasive assessment of Animal Welfare (AW) and predictive or diagnostic detection of the presence of suffering in mice used for scientific purposes. The Law No 11,794/2008, also known as the Arouca Law, regulated the use of animals for educational and scientific purposes and the use of the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA), seeking to raise the LAS and the AW. CONCEA, through its Normative Resolutions (NR) No 30 to 33, sought guiding the ethical use of rodents, avoiding discomfort and pain and improving their quality of life in animal facilities. However, besides the current guidelines, the objective of this thesis was added to these RNs a technical-scientific form, based on the principle of Refinement of the 3Rs, which monitors the AW of mice during their scientific use. The methodology was based on the observation of the use of objects for environmental enrichment (EE), in this case the Trapezium, attached to the lid of the cage. From this observation, the hypothesis of this work emerged: the creation of prototype # 1 Trap and the measurement, through daily counting, of the number of use of the object in 15 minutes. The course of acute infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in the Swiss Webster mouse strain was used as an experimental model. Results showed that, after division into four groups, highlighting: [N] without infection and [Inf] mice infected and without treatment. The predictive statistical difference was observed on the 11th day postinfection (dpi) by the impairment of the AW between [N: 72 ± 18.5 No of events] and [Inf: 32 ± 13.1 No of events] (p 0, 05). The 21st dpi was the most severe period of experimental infection (N: 75 ± 17.3 and Inf: 11 ± 5.1 No of events, respectively) (p 0.05). Thus, it is suggested that #1Trap was effective, in the predictive aspect, as statistically significant values demonstrated the beginning of the impairment of the AW and that euthanasia should be performed before the 21st dpi, so that the mouse does not suffer discomfort due to the severity of the clinical picture during the course by T. cruzi infection.

Identificação e caracterização de Sarcocystis sp. em jiboia (Boa constrictor).

O gênero Sarcocystis inclui aproximadamente 200 espécies, e destas, apenas 17 são conhecidas por parasitar serpentes. A descoberta de Sarcocystis nesbitti, que possui importância para saúde pública, impulsionou o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas em serpentes. No Brasil, as pesquisas sobre Sarcocystis spp. em serpentes são escassas. Assim, objetivou-se com o corrente trabalho verificar a infecção por Sarcocystis spp. em Boa constrictor no Município de Salvador, e consequentemente, caracterizar as formas parasitárias por métodos morfológicos e moleculares. Foram avaliadas 65 amostras de fezes de jiboias obtidas no município de Salvador, empregando-se a técnica de centrifugo-flutuação em solução de sacarose. A frequência observada para a infecção foi de 1,53% (1/65). A partir do único animal infectado, foi possível analisar seis amostras fecais, observando-se a oscilação na quantidade de esporocistos eliminados, bem como uma frequência intermitente de eliminação. A avaliação morfométrica revelou a presença de esporocistos com dimensões significativamente diferentes (p < 0,05). A experimentação in vivo foi desenvolvida com duas espécies de roedores Mus musculus (camundongos Balb/c, Balb/c Nude e nocauteado INF- -KO) e Rattus norvegicus (Rato Wistar), não ocorrendo a infecção nos exemplares de camundongos. Como os tecidos dos ratos ainda estão sob processamento histológico, não foi possível gerar dados até o presente momento. A análise molecular de esporocistos da jiboia utilizando os marcadores 18S, 28S, e ITS-1 demonstraram alterações no cromatograma compatíveis com heterozigose. Ainda assim, após a edição das sequências, e associados ao marcador mitocrondial COX-1, as sequências revelaram alta identidade com Sarcocystis spp. isoladas de esporocistos de serpentes e sarcocistos de roedores. A análise filogenética da amostra da jiboia não demonstrou correspondência com outros organismos conhecidos, sendo designada como inédita. Com o intuito de obter melhores resultados para os loci ribossômicos, a clonagem do material está sendo desenvolvida e será acrescentada ao artigo para publicação.

The genus Sarcocystis has approximately 200 species and only 17 of them are known to infect snakes. The discovery of Sarcocystis nesbitti, which has public health relevance, boosted the development of new investigations in snakes. In Brazil, studies on Sarcocystis spp. infection in snakes are scarce. Then, the current work aimed to test the role of common boa (Boa sp.) from Salvador city as Sarcocystis spp. hosts, and consequently, to characterize the stages of the parasite by morphological and molecular methods. Fecal samples obtained from 65 boa from Salvador city were examined using a centrifugal-flotation method. The frequency of infection in the tested snakes was 1.53% (1/65). From the single positive animal, six fecal samples were available for analysis. Intermittent shedding of sporocysts and variation in the number of excreted sporocysts occurred in this snake. Morphomethric evaluation of the parasites revealed significant differences in sporocysts sizes (p < 0.05). In vivo experimentation was carried out with two species of rodents Mus musculus (Balb/c, Balb /c Nude and knockout INF- -KO mice) and Rattus norvegicus (Wistar rat), resulting in no infection in the mice. As the tissues of the rats are still under histological processing, it has not been possible to generate data so far. Molecular analysis of sporocysts derived from the common boa using 18S, 28S, and ITS-1 markers demonstrated changes in the chromatogram compatible with heterozygosis. Still, after editing these sequences, and associating them with the mitochondrial COX-1 marker, the sequences revealed a high identity with Sarcocystis spp. isolated from snake sporocysts and rodent sarcocysts. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the common boa sample does not possess correspondence with any other known organism, representing a novel sequence. In order to obtain better results for ribosomal loci, the sample is being cloned and the results will be added to the article for publication.

Multivariate analysis of lactose content in milk of Holstein and Jersey cows1 / Análise multivariada do teor de lactose do leite de vacas Holandês e Jersey

This study evaluated the factors influencing the variation in the lactose content of milk in Holstein and Jersey herds in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, using multivariate analysis. Data from 73 dairy herds in the Dairy Herds Improvement Program of the State of Santa Catarina were provided by the Santa Catarina Association of Cattle Breeders (ACCB). A total of 46,242 monthly records of Holstein and Jersey (59 and 41 % of the total records, respectively) cows from 2009 to 2012 were analyzed using multiple correspondence, factor, and cluster analyses. Lactose content was observed to correlate with somatic cell count and parity, whereas the evaluated breeds, as well as the production and concentrations of fat and protein in the milk, were not associated with the lactose content. The cows were categorized into three groups, the first consisting of cows of both breeds with low lactose content (4.19), high somatic cell score (5.82), and higher parity (2.50), contrasting with two other groups each with mean values characteristic for Holstein and Jersey breeds, respectively. Analysis of cows without subclinical mastitis ( 200,000 somatic cells ml-1) revealed that the relationship of parity with lactose level was independent of the effect of somatic cells. Lactose contents less than 4.4 % were observed in autumn. Overall, the present study suggests that the lactose content of mil

Objetivou-se avaliar os fatores que influenciam a variação de lactose do leite bovino em rebanhos sobre controle leiteiro, através do emprego de análise multivariada. Os dados de controle leiteiro de 73 rebanhos do estado de Santa Catarina foram disponibilizados pela Associação Catarinense de Criadores de Bovinos (ACCB), totalizando 46.242 controles mensais de vacas das raças Holandês (58,5%) e Jersey (41,5%) no período de 2009 a 2012. Os dados de foram avaliados através de análise multivariada, utilizando análise de correspondência múltipla, fatorial e análise de agrupamento. O teor de lactose apresentou relação com a contagem de células somáticas e ordem de parto, enquanto raça, produção de leite, teor de gordura e proteína não apresentaram relação com teor de lactose. A análise de agrupamento revelou um grupo formado por vacas de ambas as raças com baixo teor de lactose (4,19 %), contagem de células somáticas alta (5,82), e paridade mais elevada (2,50), contrastando com outros dois grupos, cada um com valores médios característicos para as raças Holandês e Jersey, respectivamente. A análise de vacas sem mastite subclínica ( 200.000 células somáticas mL-1) demonstra que a relação de paridade com o nível de lactose é independente do efeito da contagem de células somáticas. Os valores inferiores a 4,4% de lactose foram observados no outono. O teor de lactose do leite é inf