Effects of ketamine, midazolam and methadone, combined with local anesthesia, in cats undergoing orchiectomy / Efeitos da cetamina, midazolam e metadona, associados à anestesia local, em gatos submetidos à orquiectomia

Different anesthetic combinations are used for orchiectomy in cats. This study aimed to evaluate the anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects on the physiological variables of ketamine (10 mg/kg), midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) and methadone (0.3 mg/kg), combined with local anesthesia, in cats undergoing orchiectomy (n = 19 cats). The time for lateral recumbency, degree of sedation, muscle relaxation and nociception were recorded preoperatively. The propofol rescue dose was recorded. The time to head up and quality of recovery were evaluated postoperatively. The time for lateral recumbency was 5 ± 2 minu-tes. Fifteen minutes after the administration of the ketamine-midazolam-methadone combination, a greater sedative effect, muscle relaxation and less response to noxious stimulation were observed. Propofol was administered to twelve cats under local anesthesia, at a total dose of 1.5 ± 0.8 mg/kg. Surgery was started 28 ± 5 minutes after the administration of ketamine--midazolam-methadone combination. There were no differences in the physiological variables evaluated over the other evalu-ation times (p > 0.05). The recovery quality scores were adequate, and the time to head up was 51 ± 10 minutes. Under the conditions of this study, the ketamine-midazolam-methadone combination did not allow local anesthesia for orchiectomy. Many cats required propofol rescue prior to surgery. This combination promoted minimal changes in physiological variables and prolonged anesthetic recovery.(AU)

Diferentes combinações anestésicas são usadas para orquiectomia em gatos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito anestésico e as alterações promovidas nas variáveis fisiológicas pela cetamina (10 mg/kg), midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) e metadona (0.3 mg/kg), combinados com anestesia local, em gatos submetidos à orquiectomia (n = 19 gatos). O tempo para adoção do decúbito lateral, grau de sedação, relaxamento muscular e nocicepção foram registrados no pré-operatório. A dose de resgate de propofol foi registrada. O tempo para o gato erguer a cabeça e a qualidade da recuperação foram avaliados no pós-operatório. O tempo para adoção do decúbito lateral foi de 5 ± 2 minutos. Quinze minutos após a administração da associação cetamina-midazolam-metadona, observou-se maior efeito sedativo e relaxamento muscular, e menor resposta à estimulação nociva. O propofol foi administrado em doze gatos para realização de anestesia local, utilizando a dose total de 1.5 ± 0.8 mg/kg. A cirurgia foi iniciada 28 ± 5 minutos após a administração de cetamina-midazolam-metadona. Não houve diferença nas variáveis fisiológicas avaliadas em relação aos demais tempos de avaliação (p > 0.05). Os escores de qualidade de recuperação foram adequados e o tempo para o gato erguer a cabeça foi de 51 ± 10 minutos. Nas condições deste estudo, cetamina-midazolam-metadona não permitiu a realização da anestesia local para orquiectomia. Muitos gatos precisaram de resgate com propofol antes de iniciar a cirurgia. Essa associação promoveu alterações mínimas nas variáveis fisiológicas e longa recuperação anestésica.(AU)

Analgesia pós-operatória com Fentanil transdérmico ou Metadona intramuscular em cães submetidos à hemilaminectomia toracolombar / Postoperative analgesia with transdermal Fentanyl or intramuscular Methadone in dogs submitted to thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy

Background: Postoperative care after thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dogs generally includes rest, physical therapy,and analgesics such as opioids. Currently, there is no established standard for the management of postoperative pain inpatients undergoing hemilaminectomy. Ideally, an analgesic protocol should provide adequate pain relief with limited sedation, low adverse effects, and postoperative patient comfort. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate postoperative analgesiausing transdermal fentanyl or intramuscular methadone in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy associatedwith intervertebral disc fenestration (HT) for the treatment of intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE).Materials, Methods & Results: Eight dogs from the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of a Veterinary TeachingHospital, submitted to HT for the treatment of IVDE, were included. The dogs were randomly distributed into 2 groups ofequal numbers, namely the transdermal fentanyl (FT) group and the intramuscular methadone (IM) group. At the end ofthe surgical procedure, a fentanyl adhesive patch was applied to the animals in the FT group, which remained there for 72h. In the IM group, analgesia was induced by intramuscular administration of methadone at intervals of 6 h until 72 h aftersurgery. The animals were evaluated using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pains Scale (CMPS-SF).Evaluations of physiological parameters, side effects, and pain were performed by 2 assessors who had experience usingthe pain scale and were blinded to the analgesic protocol. Pain evaluations were performed every 2 h (from T4) until 24h after the surgical procedure. Evaluations were performed every 4 h from 24 h to 48 h after the surgical procedure and...

Oxygen supply as a refining technique for injectable anesthesia in laboratory rats

Well-controlled anesthesia is critical to reducing potential surgical complications and ensuring safe and successful procedures. Respiratory depression, inducing hypoxia, and hypercapnia are adverse effects of injectable anesthesia in laboratory rats. This study aimed to determine the effect of oxygen supply in laboratory rats anesthetized with the combination of ketamine (K) and xylazine (X) plus acepromazine (A) or methadone (Me). The results showed that oxygenation allowed adequate levels of SO2 and paO2, avoiding hypoxemia. However, all anesthetized rats showed respiratory acidosis with low pH and high paCO2 levels, which was not reversed after oxygen administration. The acidosis could be related to hypoventilation due to respiratory depression induced by the XKMe association, as well as absorption atelectasis with the CO2 accumulation during anesthesia. Despite respiratory acidosis, oxygen administration was beneficial for anesthetized rats preventing hypoxemia. This makes it possible to prevent all the metabolic alterations that cause cell death by hypoxia, improving the well-being of anesthetized rats, as well as the quality of the results obtained.

Multimodal anesthesia associated with regional block in a dog who underwent corrective surgery for persistent right aortic arch: case report / Anestesia multimodal associada a bloqueio loco-regional em cão submetido a cirurgia corretiva para persistência de arco aórtico direito: relato de caso

The persistence of the fourth right aortic arch (PRAA) is a congenital malformation that affects the heart base's main vessels. Surgical treatment is recommended and should be advocated as a matter of urgency. In this context, efficient anesthesia planning is necessary, with satisfactory analgesia, associating multimodal techniques with regional blocks. The present work aims to report the anesthetic procedure during corrective surgery for PRAA in a dog. Neuroleptanalgesia was intramuscularly performed, using acepromazine (0.015 mg.kg-1) and methadone (0.3 mg.kg-1) in pre-anesthetic medication. Ketamine (1 mg.kg-1) and propofol (3 mg.kg-1) were administered at induction, both intravenously, followed by maintenance using total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (initial rate of 0.4 mg.kg-1 .minute) and remifentanil, (0.2 mcg.kg.-1.minute). In addition, ultrasound-guided regional intercostal block was performed, with 5% bupivacaine without vasoconstrictor (0.05ml.kg-1). Ketamine infusion was postoperatively maintained for one hour. The instituted protocol proved to be satisfactory in controlling trans and postoperative pain, maintaining all parameters stable during and after the procedure, without any intercurrence. Thus, the protocol provided quality recovery to the patient.(AU)

A persistência do quarto arco aórtico direito é uma má formação congênita, afetando os principais vasos da base cardíaca. O tratamento cirúrgico é recomendado e preconiza-se um planejamento anestésico eficiente, associando-se técnicas multimodais a bloqueios regionais. O presente trabalho objetiva relatar a anestesia durante cirurgia corretiva de PDA em cão. Na medicação pré-anestésica, instituiu-se neuroleptonalgesia, utilizando-se acepromazina (0,015 mg.kg-1) e metadona (0,3 mg.kg-1), por via intramuscular. Na indução, foi administrada cetamina (1mg.kg -1) e propofol (3 mg.kg-1). Para manutenção, utilizou--se propofol (taxa inicial de 0,4 mg.kg-1.minuto) e remifentanil, (0,2 mcg.kg-1.minuto). Além disso, foi realizado bloqueio regional intercostal guiado por ultrassom com bupivacaína sem vasoconstritor a 5% (0,05ml.kg-1). O paciente permaneceu em infusão analgésica de cetamina por uma hora, no pós operatório. O protocolo estabelecido demonstrou ser satisfatório no controle de dor trans e pós-operatória, mantendo todos os parâmetros estáveis, sem nenhuma intercorrência, proporcionando qualidade de recuperação ao paciente.(AU)

Comparative study between ketamine-S-dexmedetomidine and ketamine-S-midazolam-methadone in the anesthesia of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) / Estudo comparativo entre quetamina-S-dexmedetomidina e quetamina-S-midazolam- metadona na anestesia de macacos-prego (Sapajus apella)

Anesthetic protocols have been developed to obtain the most effective and safe association in wildlife. This study compared the anesthetic effects and cardiorespiratory parameters of ketamine-S (+) (10 mg/kg)/dexmedetomidine (0.020 mg/kg) (KD ) and ketamine-S (+) (10 mg/kg)/midazolam (0.5 mg/kg)/methadone (1.0 mg/kg) (KMM ) in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella). Eight capuchin monkeys were randomly assigned to KD (n = 4) or KMM (n = 4) to evaluate induction, immobilization, and recovery scores, heart and respiratory rate parameters, besides systolic, mean, diastolic arterial pressure and arterial blood gas. There was no difference (P = 0.56) in the quality of induction, immobilization, and anesthetic recovery between the protocols. The time for anesthetic induction was 4 ± 1 min in the KD group and 5 ± 1 min in the KMM group, and these values were statistically equal (P = 0.28). The mean immobilization time in the KD and KMM groups were 35 ± 13 and 33 ± 15 min, respectively. Heart rate was lower in animals in the KD group (P < 0.001), while respiratory rate (P = 0.03), and mean blood pressure (P = 0.046) were higher than that of the animals in the KMM group. Respiratory acidosis occurred in the KMM group, with lower pH (7.25±0.047; P = 0.0055) and higher pCO2 (51 ± 6;mmHg; P = 0.008). Both protocols exhibited good induction quality, immobilization, and anesthetic recovery, despite cardiorespiratory and blood gas alterations observed, which warrants monitoring of cardiorespiratory variables during KD or KMM chemical restraint.

Protocolos anestésicos foram desenvolvidos para obter a associação mais eficaz e segura em animais selvagens. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos anestésicos e os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios de cetamina-S (+) (10 mg / kg) / dexmedetomidina (0,020 mg / kg) (KD) e cetamina-S (+) (10 mg / kg) / midazolam (0,5 mg / kg) / metadona (1,0 mg / kg) (KMM) em macacos-prego (Sapajus apella). Oito macacos-prego foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em KD (n = 4) ou KMM (n = 4) para avaliar os escores de indução, imobilização e recuperação, parâmetros de frequência cardíaca e respiratória, além da pressão arterial sistólica, média, diastólica e gasometria arterial. Não houve diferença (P = 0,56) na qualidade da indução, imobilização e recuperação anestésica entre os protocolos. O tempo de indução anestésica foi de 4 ± 1 min no grupo KD e 5 ± 1 min no grupo KMM, sendo esses valores estatisticamente iguais (P = 0,28). O tempo médio de imobilização nos grupos KD e KMM foram 35 ± 13min e 33 ± 15 min, respectivamente. A frequência cardíaca foi menor nos animais do grupo KD (P < 0,001), enquanto a frequência respiratória (P = 0,03) e a pressão arterial média (P = 0,046) foram maiores do que nos animais do grupo KMM. Acidose respiratória ocorreu no grupo KMM, com menor pH (7,25 ± 0,047; P = 0,0055) e maior pCO2 (51 ± 6; mmHg; P = 0,008). Ambos os protocolos apresentaram boa qualidade de indução, imobilização e recuperação anestésica, apesar das alterações cardiorrespiratórias e gasométricas observadas, o que justifica o monitoramento das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias durante a contenção química com KD ou KMM.

Associação do bloqueio do plano transverso e serrátil em gata submetida à mastectomia / Association of transversus and serratus plane block in cat submitted to mastectomy

Os bloqueios locorregionais são considerados padrão-ouro para a analgesia perioperatória. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta o efeito da associação do bloqueio do plano transverso do abdome com o bloqueio do plano serrátil em um felino de 11 anos, fêmea, que foi submetido à mastectomia unilateral. Foi utilizada a metadona 0,3 mg/kg via intramuscular (IM) na medicação pré-anestésica e propofol dose-efeito via intravenosa (IV) para indução, enquanto a manutenção foi feita com isoflurano. O TAP Block e o SP-Block foram realizados unilateralmente utilizando a associação de bupivacaína 0,3mL/kg, em cada ponto, diluída a 0,25% com solução fisiológica. A frequência cardíaca (FC), a frequência respiratória (f), a pressão arterial não invasiva (Método Doppler), a temperatura esofágica (oC), a saturação de oxigênio (SpO2), a capnografia (EtCO2) e o eletrocardiograma foram monitorados continuamente e registrados a cada dez minutos. A paciente foi monitorada por cinco horas, após a extubação, quanto à dor, sendo utilizada, para isso, a Escala Multidimensional de Dor Aguda (UNESP-Botucatu). A recuperação anestésica da paciente foi rápida e sem complicações. Durante a avaliação de dor, o animal apresentou escore zero, não manifestando qualquer desconforto pós-operatório. A associação das técnicas foi eficaz no bloqueio anestésico das paredes torácica e abdominal, sugerindo a inclusão destas nos protocolos de analgesia multimodal para esse tipo de cirurgia.

Locoregional blocks are considered the gold standard for perioperative analgesia. Thus, this paper presents the effect of the association of transverse abdominal plane block with serratus plane block in an 11-year-old female feline submitted to unilateral mastectomy. Methadone 0.3 mg/kg via intramuscular (IM) was used as pre anesthetic medication and dose-effect propofol via intravenous (IV) was used for induction, while the maintenance was done with isofluorane. TAP Block and SP-Block were performed unilaterally using an association of Bupivacaine 0.3 ml/kg at each point, diluted to 0.25% with saline solution. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), non-invasive blood pressure (Doppler method), esophageal temperature (oC), oxygen saturation (SpO2), capnography (EtCO2), and electrocardiogram were monitored continuously and recorded every 10 minutes. The patient was monitored for pain during five hours after extubation using the Multidimensional Scale of UNESP-Botucatu. The anesthetic recovery of the patient was fast and without complications. During pain assessment, the animal presented a score of zero and did not present any postoperative discomfort. The association of techniques was effective in the anesthetic blockade of the thoracic and abdominal walls, suggesting their inclusion in multimodal analgesia protocols for this type of surgery.

Infusão contínua de fentanil e cetamina para controle de dor no transcirurgico: relato de caso / Continuous infusion of fentanyl and ketamine for trans-surgical pain control: case report

O paciente da espécie canina, sem raça definida, com 5 anos, deu entrada a clínica veterinária particular apresentando quadro de dor aguda e intensa em cavidade abdominal associada a prostração. Foram realizados exames de sangue, ultrassonografia e radiografia de abdômen, cuja suspeita foi torção parcial do estômago, com esplenomegalia, além de gastrite e enterite. O paciente foi submetido imediatamente ao procedimento cirúrgico para alívio, reposicionamento do órgão e gastropexia. O animal foi medicado previamente com metadona, tramadol e dipirona duas horas antes do ato cirúrgico, portanto não foram utilizadas medicações pré-anestésicas e optou-se pelo propofol e cetamina para a indução anestésica, além da infusão contínua com cetamina e fentanil para se obter a analgesia multimodal. Os parâmetros de dor foram avaliados por meio das frequências cardíaca e respiratória, traçado eletrocardiográfico, pressão arterial sistólica e média, aferição da temperatura retal e coloração de mucosas, a cada 5 minutos. Os mesmos indicaram boa estabilidade hemodinâmica, segurança e analgesia, sem necessidade de alterar as doses estabelecidas durante o procedimento. Pode ser observada também redução do requerimento de isoflurano para manutenção do plano cirúrgico. O paciente acordou sem sinais de dor no pós-operatório imediato evitando estresse sistêmico, o que conferiu o bom resultado do protocolo analgésico instituído.

The patient (Caramel) canine, mixed breed, approximately 5 years old, weighing 26kg was seen at the Ame Vet veterinary clinic, with severe abdominal pain, apathy, anorexia, prostration. Blood tests, abdominal ultrasound and abdominal x-ray were performed according to the tests a suspicion of partial torsion of the stomach and splenomegaly with right displacement, in addition to gastritis and enteritis. It was decided by the clinic and surgeon to perform laparotomy and prophylactic gastropexy. The animal was previously medicated by the clinic that treated the animal for analgesia with methadone, tramadol and dipyrone two hours before the beginning of the surgical procedure, therefore, pre-anesthetic medications, anesthetic induction with propofol, and ketamine were not used, aiming to perform analgesia. Multimodal with continuous infusion of ketamine and fentanyl, that is, more than one different mechanism of action, acting synergistically and reducing dose-dependent adverse effects and monitoring hemostasis and patient parameters, presenting its efficacy and safety in intraoperative pain control. The parameters addressed were heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), electrocardiographic tracing, Spo2, systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), temperature and mucosal color, evaluated every 5 minutes. The parameters evaluated indicated good hemodynamic stability, safety and analgesia, with no need to change the doses established during the procedure. A reduction in the requirement of isoflurane to maintain the surgical plan can also be observed. The patient woke up without signs of pain in the immediate postoperative period, thus avoiding systemic stress. which conferred the good result of the analgesic protocol instituted.

The need for opioid in the postoperative analgesia of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy due to intervertebral disc extrusion

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of protocols with and without the opioid methadone in dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion undergoing decompressive surgery. Sixteen paraplegic dogs with preserved nociception underwent hemilaminectomy/disc fenestration and were randomly assigned to two groups. The analgesic protocol consisted of methadone, meloxicam and dipyrone in Group I (G1), and meloxicam and dipyrone in Group II (G2). The animals were blindly assessed by two observers, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). Assessments occurred every 2 hours during first 24 hours post-surgery, and every 4 hours afterwards. There was no statistical difference among groups regarding pain scores or analgesic rescues. Both analgesic protocols provided analgesia in the initial 48 hours postoperatively, demonstrating that opioids are not necessary in the postoperative period of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy and disc fenestration.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a analgesia pós-operatória de protocolos com e sem o opioide metadona em cães com extrusão de disco intervertebral submetidos à descompressão cirúrgica. Dezesseis cães paraplégicos com presença de nocicepção foram submetidos à hemilaminectomia/fenestração de disco e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. No Grupo I (G1), o protocolo analgésico consistiu em metadona, meloxicam e dipirona e, no Grupo II (G2), por meloxicam e dipirona. Os pacientes foram avaliados de maneira cega por dois avaliadores, com base na escala visual analógica (EVA) e na escala simplificada composta de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF). As avaliações ocorreram a cada 2 horas durante as primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório e, por mais 24 horas, a cada 4 horas. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos avaliados em relação à escores de dor e nem a necessidade de resgate analgésico. Ambos os protocolos promoveram analgesia nas 48 horas iniciais de pós-operatório, demonstrando não haver a necessidade do uso de opioide em cães submetidos à hemilaminectomia e fenestração de disco.

Skin burn by termal nattress - a therapeutic approach

Background: Burns are caused by a direct or indirect action of heat on an organism, compromising the functional integrityof the skin. Hypothermia is a common intercurrence in animals during the transoperative period; thermal mattresses areused to maintain the animal’s body temperature, but inappropriate use can cause the patient’s skin to burn. In humans, burnsare quite common; however, in veterinary medicine, they are infrequent. The aim of this study was to describe a case ofaccidental burn in a canine caused by a thermal mattress, emphasizing wound treatment and analgesia used.Case: A 12-year-old male canine without defined breed weighing 15 kg underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomydue to rupture of a spleen mass and presented with intercurrence hypothermia during the anesthesia procedure, which wascontrolled using a thermal mattress. Ten days after the surgical procedure, he developed a skin lesion with erythema, suffusion, and necrosis, evolving skin displacement along the entire back with a lot of pain which was possibly caused by theuse of a thermal mattress in the transoperative procedure. The intuited analgesic treatment involved the use of numerousand different drugs, including Methadone (0.3 mg/kg, QID, SC), Dipyrone (25 mg/kg, TID, IV), and Ketamine (0.5 mg/kg,TID, SC) (during hospitalization), as well as Tramadol (4 mg/kg, TID, PO) and Dipyrone (25 mg/kg, TID, PO) after medicalrelease as support therapy. For the wound treatment, calcium alginate was initially used daily and subsequently changedfor daily application of dermisana oil. The patient followed up weekly for approximately two months for wound monitoring as well as adjustments to the drug therapy. The would almost completely healed, but the patient showed a significantworsening in the general clinical condition correlated with the neoplasm that he had, and the owner and clinical staff ofthe veterinary hospital opted for euthanasia...

Skin burn by termal nattress - a therapeutic approach

Background: Burns are caused by a direct or indirect action of heat on an organism, compromising the functional integrityof the skin. Hypothermia is a common intercurrence in animals during the transoperative period; thermal mattresses areused to maintain the animals body temperature, but inappropriate use can cause the patients skin to burn. In humans, burnsare quite common; however, in veterinary medicine, they are infrequent. The aim of this study was to describe a case ofaccidental burn in a canine caused by a thermal mattress, emphasizing wound treatment and analgesia used.Case: A 12-year-old male canine without defined breed weighing 15 kg underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomydue to rupture of a spleen mass and presented with intercurrence hypothermia during the anesthesia procedure, which wascontrolled using a thermal mattress. Ten days after the surgical procedure, he developed a skin lesion with erythema, suffusion, and necrosis, evolving skin displacement along the entire back with a lot of pain which was possibly caused by theuse of a thermal mattress in the transoperative procedure. The intuited analgesic treatment involved the use of numerousand different drugs, including Methadone (0.3 mg/kg, QID, SC), Dipyrone (25 mg/kg, TID, IV), and Ketamine (0.5 mg/kg,TID, SC) (during hospitalization), as well as Tramadol (4 mg/kg, TID, PO) and Dipyrone (25 mg/kg, TID, PO) after medicalrelease as support therapy. For the wound treatment, calcium alginate was initially used daily and subsequently changedfor daily application of dermisana oil. The patient followed up weekly for approximately two months for wound monitoring as well as adjustments to the drug therapy. The would almost completely healed, but the patient showed a significantworsening in the general clinical condition correlated with the neoplasm that he had, and the owner and clinical staff ofthe veterinary hospital opted for euthanasia...(AU)

The need for opioid in the postoperative analgesia of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy due to intervertebral disc extrusion / A necessidade de opioide na analgesia pós-operatória de cães submetidos à hemilaminectomia devido à extrusão do disco intervertebral

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of protocols with and without the opioid methadone in dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion undergoing decompressive surgery. Sixteen paraplegic dogs with preserved nociception underwent hemilaminectomy/disc fenestration and were randomly assigned to two groups. The analgesic protocol consisted of methadone, meloxicam and dipyrone in Group I (G1), and meloxicam and dipyrone in Group II (G2). The animals were blindly assessed by two observers, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). Assessments occurred every 2 hours during first 24 hours post-surgery, and every 4 hours afterwards. There was no statistical difference among groups regarding pain scores or analgesic rescues. Both analgesic protocols provided analgesia in the initial 48 hours postoperatively, demonstrating that opioids are not necessary in the postoperative period of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy and disc fenestration.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a analgesia pós-operatória de protocolos com e sem o opioide metadona em cães com extrusão de disco intervertebral submetidos à descompressão cirúrgica. Dezesseis cães paraplégicos com presença de nocicepção foram submetidos à hemilaminectomia/fenestração de disco e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. No Grupo I (G1), o protocolo analgésico consistiu em metadona, meloxicam e dipirona e, no Grupo II (G2), por meloxicam e dipirona. Os pacientes foram avaliados de maneira cega por dois avaliadores, com base na escala visual analógica (EVA) e na escala simplificada composta de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF). As avaliações ocorreram a cada 2 horas durante as primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório e, por mais 24 horas, a cada 4 horas. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos avaliados em relação à escores de dor e nem a necessidade de resgate analgésico. Ambos os protocolos promoveram analgesia nas 48 horas iniciais de pós-operatório, demonstrando não haver a necessidade do uso de opioide em cães submetidos à hemilaminectomia e fenestração de disco.(AU)

The need for opioid in the postoperative analgesia of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy due to intervertebral disc extrusion / A necessidade de opioide na analgesia pós-operatória de cães submetidos à hemilaminectomia devido à extrusão do disco intervertebral

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of protocols with and without the opioid methadone in dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion undergoing decompressive surgery. Sixteen paraplegic dogs with preserved nociception underwent hemilaminectomy/disc fenestration and were randomly assigned to two groups. The analgesic protocol consisted of methadone, meloxicam and dipyrone in Group I (G1), and meloxicam and dipyrone in Group II (G2). The animals were blindly assessed by two observers, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). Assessments occurred every 2 hours during first 24 hours post-surgery, and every 4 hours afterwards. There was no statistical difference among groups regarding pain scores or analgesic rescues. Both analgesic protocols provided analgesia in the initial 48 hours postoperatively, demonstrating that opioids are not necessary in the postoperative period of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy and disc fenestration.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a analgesia pós-operatória de protocolos com e sem o opioide metadona em cães com extrusão de disco intervertebral submetidos à descompressão cirúrgica. Dezesseis cães paraplégicos com presença de nocicepção foram submetidos à hemilaminectomia/fenestração de disco e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. No Grupo I (G1), o protocolo analgésico consistiu em metadona, meloxicam e dipirona e, no Grupo II (G2), por meloxicam e dipirona. Os pacientes foram avaliados de maneira cega por dois avaliadores, com base na escala visual analógica (EVA) e na escala simplificada composta de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF). As avaliações ocorreram a cada 2 horas durante as primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório e, por mais 24 horas, a cada 4 horas. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos avaliados em relação à escores de dor e nem a necessidade de resgate analgésico. Ambos os protocolos promoveram analgesia nas 48 horas iniciais de pós-operatório, demonstrando não haver a necessidade do uso de opioide em cães submetidos à hemilaminectomia e fenestração de disco.(AU)

Postoperative analgesic effects of Reiki therapy in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy / Efeito analgésico pós-operatório da terapia Reiki em cadelas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Reiki therapy on postoperative pain in bitches undergoing elective minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Thirty bitches were randomly assigned to three groups: Control, Placebo, or Reiki. All dogs received methadone as preanesthetic medication (PAM), meloxicam in the preoperative period, propofol for anesthetic induction, and isoflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Immediately after OVH, the dogs in the Reiki were submitted to a single session of Reiki therapy, dogs in the Placebo received simulated Reiki therapy from a non-therapist, and dogs in the Control received no treatment. All dogs were evaluated for pain using short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS) before (M0) and 2 (M2), 4 (M4), 8 (M8), 12 (M12), and 24 hours (M24) after administration of PAM. Comparing the CMPS-SF scores between the groups, at M2 Reiki scores were lower than those of the Placebo and at M4 those in the Reiki were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Comparing the VAS scores, at M4 and M8, Reiki scores were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Additional analgesia (morphine 0.2 mg.kg-1 intramuscularly) was administered to three bitches in Control and to four bitches of the Placebo. Reiki did not require additional opioid analgesia in the postoperative period. It was concluded that Reiki therapy provided analgesic effect and contributed to improve postoperative comfort of bitches submitted to elective OVH.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da terapia Reiki na dor do período pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia (OVH) eletiva pelo método minimamente invasivo com gancho. Para isso, foram utilizadas 30 cadelas alocadas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: Controle, Placebo e Reiki. Todos os animais receberam metadona como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA), meloxicam, propofol na indução anestésica e isofluorano na manutenção anestésica. Imediatamente após a OVH, os animais do Reiki foram submetidos a uma única sessão de Reiki, os animais do Placebo receberam uma simulação da terapia Reiki por um indivíduo não terapeuta e os animais do Controle não receberam nenhum tratamento. Os animais foram avaliados por meio da forma curta da escala de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF) e da escala visual analógica (EVA) antes da administração da MPA (M0) e 2h (M2), 4h (M4), 8h (M8), 12h (M12) e 24h (M24) após a MPA. Comparando-se os valores obtidos pela CMPS-SF, em M2, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Placebo e, em M4, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Observando-se os dados obtidos com a EVA, em M4 e M8, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Foi administrada analgesia adicional (0,2 mg.kg-1 de morfina por via intramuscular) em três animais do Controle e em quatro animais do Placebo. Os animais do Reiki não necessitaram de analgesia adicional no período pós-operatório. Concluiu-se que a terapia Reiki contribuiu com a analgesia e o conforto pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à OVH eletiva.

Bloqueio do plexo-braquial e peridural lombossacra em um quati (Nasua nasua) / Brachial plexus block and lumbosacral epidural in a South American coati (Nasua nasua)

Background: The South American coatis (Nasua nasua) are capable of adapting to different habitats, which allowed themto exchange between domestic and wild areas, increasing the occurrence of traumas. Procedures performed in this speciesdemand anesthetic protocols that take comorbidities into account and cause minimal cardiorespiratory depression as wellas rapid recovery. It is in such context that locoregional anesthesia has become an essential tool. Thus, we aim to reportthe use of two techniques of locoreginal block: brachial plexus block and lumbosacral epidural block, in a Nasua nasuasubmitted to osteosynthesis of the radius and caudectomy due to trauma.Case: A adult male coati weighing 2.3 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UniversidadeFederal do Paraná (UFPR) - Setor Palotina with a history of trauma. Physical examination showed crackling in the radius and ulnar region, and also abnormal angulation in the distal portion of the tail. After taking x-rays, fractures wereconfirmed in the distal radius and in the distal portion of the tail. The patient was referred for surgery. After 8 h of waterand food withdrawal, the animal was premedicated with a combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg)and methadone (0.2 mg/kg), intramuscularly (IM). Induction of anesthesia was performed with propofol titrated to effect(total dose 4 mg/kg) and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in spontaneous ventilation using a non-rebreathingcircuit (Baraka). It was evaluated heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RF), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), expired isoflurane fraction (FE´Iso), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), electrocardiography (ECG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and coretemperature (CT) using a multiparametric monitor. After the stabilization period, the animal was positioned in lateral...

Bloqueio do plexo-braquial e peridural lombossacra em um quati (Nasua nasua) / Brachial plexus block and lumbosacral epidural in a South American coati (Nasua nasua)

Background: The South American coatis (Nasua nasua) are capable of adapting to different habitats, which allowed themto exchange between domestic and wild areas, increasing the occurrence of traumas. Procedures performed in this speciesdemand anesthetic protocols that take comorbidities into account and cause minimal cardiorespiratory depression as wellas rapid recovery. It is in such context that locoregional anesthesia has become an essential tool. Thus, we aim to reportthe use of two techniques of locoreginal block: brachial plexus block and lumbosacral epidural block, in a Nasua nasuasubmitted to osteosynthesis of the radius and caudectomy due to trauma.Case: A adult male coati weighing 2.3 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UniversidadeFederal do Paraná (UFPR) - Setor Palotina with a history of trauma. Physical examination showed crackling in the radius and ulnar region, and also abnormal angulation in the distal portion of the tail. After taking x-rays, fractures wereconfirmed in the distal radius and in the distal portion of the tail. The patient was referred for surgery. After 8 h of waterand food withdrawal, the animal was premedicated with a combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg)and methadone (0.2 mg/kg), intramuscularly (IM). Induction of anesthesia was performed with propofol titrated to effect(total dose 4 mg/kg) and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in spontaneous ventilation using a non-rebreathingcircuit (Baraka). It was evaluated heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RF), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), expired isoflurane fraction (FE´Iso), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), electrocardiography (ECG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and coretemperature (CT) using a multiparametric monitor. After the stabilization period, the animal was positioned in lateral...(AU)

Postoperative analgesic effects of Reiki therapy in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy / Efeito analgésico pós-operatório da terapia Reiki em cadelas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Reiki therapy on postoperative pain in bitches undergoing elective minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Thirty bitches were randomly assigned to three groups: Control, Placebo, or Reiki. All dogs received methadone as preanesthetic medication (PAM), meloxicam in the preoperative period, propofol for anesthetic induction, and isoflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Immediately after OVH, the dogs in the Reiki were submitted to a single session of Reiki therapy, dogs in the Placebo received simulated Reiki therapy from a non-therapist, and dogs in the Control received no treatment. All dogs were evaluated for pain using short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS) before (M0) and 2 (M2), 4 (M4), 8 (M8), 12 (M12), and 24 hours (M24) after administration of PAM. Comparing the CMPS-SF scores between the groups, at M2 Reiki scores were lower than those of the Placebo and at M4 those in the Reiki were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Comparing the VAS scores, at M4 and M8, Reiki scores were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Additional analgesia (morphine 0.2 mg.kg-1 intramuscularly) was administered to three bitches in Control and to four bitches of the Placebo. Reiki did not require additional opioid analgesia in the postoperative period. It was concluded that Reiki therapy provided analgesic effect and contributed to improve postoperative comfort of bitches submitted to elective OVH.

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da terapia Reiki na dor do período pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia (OVH) eletiva pelo método minimamente invasivo com gancho. Para isso, foram utilizadas 30 cadelas alocadas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: Controle, Placebo e Reiki. Todos os animais receberam metadona como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA), meloxicam, propofol na indução anestésica e isofluorano na manutenção anestésica. Imediatamente após a OVH, os animais do Reiki foram submetidos a uma única sessão de Reiki, os animais do Placebo receberam uma simulação da terapia Reiki por um indivíduo não terapeuta e os animais do Controle não receberam nenhum tratamento. Os animais foram avaliados por meio da forma curta da escala de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF) e da escala visual analógica (EVA) antes da administração da MPA (M0) e 2h (M2), 4h (M4), 8h (M8), 12h (M12) e 24h (M24) após a MPA. Comparando-se os valores obtidos pela CMPS-SF, em M2, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Placebo e, em M4, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Observando-se os dados obtidos com a EVA, em M4 e M8, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Foi administrada analgesia adicional (0,2 mg.kg-1 de morfina por via intramuscular) em três animais do Controle e em quatro animais do Placebo. Os animais do Reiki não necessitaram de analgesia adicional no período pós-operatório. Concluiu-se que a terapia Reiki contribuiu com a analgesia e o conforto pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à OVH eletiva.

Postoperative analgesic effects of Reiki therapy in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy / Efeito analgésico pós-operatório da terapia Reiki em cadelas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Reiki therapy on postoperative pain in bitches undergoing elective minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Thirty bitches were randomly assigned to three groups: Control, Placebo, or Reiki. All dogs received methadone as preanesthetic medication (PAM), meloxicam in the preoperative period, propofol for anesthetic induction, and isoflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Immediately after OVH, the dogs in the Reiki were submitted to a single session of Reiki therapy, dogs in the Placebo received simulated Reiki therapy from a non-therapist, and dogs in the Control received no treatment. All dogs were evaluated for pain using short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS) before (M0) and 2 (M2), 4 (M4), 8 (M8), 12 (M12), and 24 hours (M24) after administration of PAM. Comparing the CMPS-SF scores between the groups, at M2 Reiki scores were lower than those of the Placebo and at M4 those in the Reiki were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Comparing the VAS scores, at M4 and M8, Reiki scores were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Additional analgesia (morphine 0.2 mg.kg-1 intramuscularly) was administered to three bitches in Control and to four bitches of the Placebo. Reiki did not require additional opioid analgesia in the postoperative period. It was concluded that Reiki therapy provided analgesic effect and contributed to improve postoperative comfort of bitches submitted to elective OVH.(AU)

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da terapia Reiki na dor do período pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia (OVH) eletiva pelo método minimamente invasivo com gancho. Para isso, foram utilizadas 30 cadelas alocadas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: Controle, Placebo e Reiki. Todos os animais receberam metadona como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA), meloxicam, propofol na indução anestésica e isofluorano na manutenção anestésica. Imediatamente após a OVH, os animais do Reiki foram submetidos a uma única sessão de Reiki, os animais do Placebo receberam uma simulação da terapia Reiki por um indivíduo não terapeuta e os animais do Controle não receberam nenhum tratamento. Os animais foram avaliados por meio da forma curta da escala de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF) e da escala visual analógica (EVA) antes da administração da MPA (M0) e 2h (M2), 4h (M4), 8h (M8), 12h (M12) e 24h (M24) após a MPA. Comparando-se os valores obtidos pela CMPS-SF, em M2, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Placebo e, em M4, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Observando-se os dados obtidos com a EVA, em M4 e M8, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Foi administrada analgesia adicional (0,2 mg.kg-1 de morfina por via intramuscular) em três animais do Controle e em quatro animais do Placebo. Os animais do Reiki não necessitaram de analgesia adicional no período pós-operatório. Concluiu-se que a terapia Reiki contribuiu com a analgesia e o conforto pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à OVH eletiva.(AU)

Utilização de anestesia total intravenosa em felino submetido a oóforosalpingohisterectomia / Use of total intravenous anesthesia in feliÍe submitted to oophoosalpingohisterectomomy

O presente estudo objetivou analisar um protocolo de anestesia intravenosa total para a realização de ovariosalpingohisterectomia em gato doméstico (Felis catus), fêmea, sem raça definida, com idade de 2 anos e pesando 3,425 kg. A medicação pré-anestésica foi realizada com maropitant (1mg/kg), metadona (0,3mg/kg), midazolam (0,3mg/kg) e dexmedetomidina (3mcg/kg), na indução foi utilizado propofol (4mg/kg). Na manutenção utilizou-se propofol (0,15mg/kg/h) e remifentanila (0,15µg/kg/min), ambos em infusão contínua. Como parâmetros, foram mensurados e avaliados eletrocardiograma, frequência cardíaca e respiratória, onda pletismográfica de pulso, oximetria, capnografia, temperatura, pressão arterial não invasiva sistólica, diastólica e média. Ademais, também foram avaliados o grau de sedação, qualidade da indução anestésica, tempo de recuperação e dor pós-operatória. A paciente apresentou grau de sedação satisfatório após a medicação préanestésica. Durante o período trans-anestésico observou-se constância no plano anestésico, alto grau de analgesia e relaxamento suficiente, além de estabilidade cardiovascular e hemodinâmica, permitindo a realização do procedimento cirúrgico sem intercorrências. A remifentanila promoveu intensa analgesia, permitindo que velocidade de infusão do propofol permanecesse na dose de 0,15mg/kg/h durante toda a manutenção anestésica. A infusão de cloridrato de remifentanila associado ao propofol provocou depressão respiratória, porém os demais parâmetros mostraram-se dentro dos padrões sugeridos para a espécie felina. No pós-operatório não houve complicações e a paciente apresentou tempo de recuperação rápido. O grau de dor pós-operatória observado foi considerado leve (3,3%). Sendo assim o protocolo empregado neste estudo foi seguro, visto as mínimas alterações fisiológicas que provocou, além de adequado para o procedimento de OSH em gatos.

The present study aimed to analyze a protocol of total intravenous anesthesia for the performance of ovariosalpingohisterectomy in domestic cat (Felis catus), female, mixed breed, aged 2 years and weighing 3.425 kg. Pre-anesthetic medication was performed with maropitant (1mg/kg), methadone (0.3mg/kg), midazolam (0.3mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (3mcg/kg), propofol (4mg/kg) was used for induction. For maintenance, propofol (0.15mg/kg/h) and remifentanil (0.15µg/kg/min) were used, both in continuous infusion. As parameters, electrocardiogram, heart and respiratory rate, pulse plethysmography wave, oximetry, capnography, temperature, non-invasive systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure were measured and evaluated. In addition, the degree of sedation, quality of anesthetic induction, recovery time and postoperative pain were also evaluated. The patient had a satisfactory level of sedation . During the trans-anesthetic period, constancy was observed in the anesthetic plan, a high degree of analgesia and sufficient relaxation, in addition to cardiovascular and hemodynamic stability, allowing the surgical procedure to be performed without complications. Remifentanil promoted intense analgesia, allowing the propofol infusion rate to remain at a dose of 0.15mg/kg/h throughout the anesthetic maintenance. The infusion of remifentanil hydrochloride associated with propofol caused respiratory depression, but the other parameters were within the standards suggested for the feline species. In the postoperative period there were no complications and the patient had a quick recovery time. The degree of postoperative pain observed was considered mild (3.3%). Thus, the protocol used in this study was safe, given the minimal physiological changes it caused, in addition to being suitable for the OSH procedure in cats.

Utilização de anestesia total intravenosa em felino submetido a oóforosalpingohisterectomia / Use of total intravenous anesthesia in feliÍe submitted to oophoosalpingohisterectomomy

O presente estudo objetivou analisar um protocolo de anestesia intravenosa total para a realização de ovariosalpingohisterectomia em gato doméstico (Felis catus), fêmea, sem raça definida, com idade de 2 anos e pesando 3,425 kg. A medicação pré-anestésica foi realizada com maropitant (1mg/kg), metadona (0,3mg/kg), midazolam (0,3mg/kg) e dexmedetomidina (3mcg/kg), na indução foi utilizado propofol (4mg/kg). Na manutenção utilizou-se propofol (0,15mg/kg/h) e remifentanila (0,15µg/kg/min), ambos em infusão contínua. Como parâmetros, foram mensurados e avaliados eletrocardiograma, frequência cardíaca e respiratória, onda pletismográfica de pulso, oximetria, capnografia, temperatura, pressão arterial não invasiva sistólica, diastólica e média. Ademais, também foram avaliados o grau de sedação, qualidade da indução anestésica, tempo de recuperação e dor pós-operatória. A paciente apresentou grau de sedação satisfatório após a medicação préanestésica. Durante o período trans-anestésico observou-se constância no plano anestésico, alto grau de analgesia e relaxamento suficiente, além de estabilidade cardiovascular e hemodinâmica, permitindo a realização do procedimento cirúrgico sem intercorrências. A remifentanila promoveu intensa analgesia, permitindo que velocidade de infusão do propofol permanecesse na dose de 0,15mg/kg/h durante toda a manutenção anestésica. A infusão de cloridrato de remifentanila associado ao propofol provocou depressão respiratória, porém os demais parâmetros mostraram-se dentro dos padrões sugeridos para a espécie felina. No pós-operatório não houve complicações e a paciente apresentou tempo de recuperação rápido. O grau de dor pós-operatória observado foi considerado leve (3,3%). Sendo assim o protocolo empregado neste estudo foi seguro, visto as mínimas alterações fisiológicas que provocou, além de adequado para o procedimento de OSH em gatos.(AU)

The present study aimed to analyze a protocol of total intravenous anesthesia for the performance of ovariosalpingohisterectomy in domestic cat (Felis catus), female, mixed breed, aged 2 years and weighing 3.425 kg. Pre-anesthetic medication was performed with maropitant (1mg/kg), methadone (0.3mg/kg), midazolam (0.3mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (3mcg/kg), propofol (4mg/kg) was used for induction. For maintenance, propofol (0.15mg/kg/h) and remifentanil (0.15µg/kg/min) were used, both in continuous infusion. As parameters, electrocardiogram, heart and respiratory rate, pulse plethysmography wave, oximetry, capnography, temperature, non-invasive systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure were measured and evaluated. In addition, the degree of sedation, quality of anesthetic induction, recovery time and postoperative pain were also evaluated. The patient had a satisfactory level of sedation . During the trans-anesthetic period, constancy was observed in the anesthetic plan, a high degree of analgesia and sufficient relaxation, in addition to cardiovascular and hemodynamic stability, allowing the surgical procedure to be performed without complications. Remifentanil promoted intense analgesia, allowing the propofol infusion rate to remain at a dose of 0.15mg/kg/h throughout the anesthetic maintenance. The infusion of remifentanil hydrochloride associated with propofol caused respiratory depression, but the other parameters were within the standards suggested for the feline species. In the postoperative period there were no complications and the patient had a quick recovery time. The degree of postoperative pain observed was considered mild (3.3%). Thus, the protocol used in this study was safe, given the minimal physiological changes it caused, in addition to being suitable for the OSH procedure in cats.(AU)

Hematological and biochemical parameters in Spotted Paca (Cuniculus paca) undergoing pharmacological restraint and general anesthesia / Parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos em Cuniculus paca sob contenção química e anesthesia geral

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of chemical restraint, general anesthesia and opioid treatment on hematological components in Cuniculus paca. Eight healthy, adult, captivity female animals , underwent three laparoscopic procedures with a 15-day interval were evaluated. After physical restraint, an association of ketamine (25mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly for chemical restraint. Posteriorly, anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane; and randomly administered methadone (0.5mg/kg), tramadol (5mg/kg) or saline-placebo (0,1mL/kg) intramuscularly. After pharmacological restraint and in the final laparoscopy stage, venous blood samples were obtained for complete blood count, total plasma protein (TP), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), sodium, potassium, chloride and ionized calcium analysis. During general anesthesia, hemoglobin, TP concentration and lymphocytes decreased (P=0.029; <0.001; 0.022 respectively), whereas the potassium levels increased (P=0.034). In conclusion, chemical restraint with ketamine/midazolam association causes a slight decrease in blood cellular components. Isoflurane anesthesia for laparoscopic procedure lead to decrease in hemoglobin, lymphocytes and protein concentrations, while potassium increased, without any influence from the tramadol or methadone treatment. However, these alterations were transient, and its hematologic values can collaborate in carrying out epidemiological, pathophysiological or case studies in the Cuniculus paca.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de contenção química, anestesia geral e tratamento com opiáceos nos parâmetros hematológicos em Cuniculus paca. Foram avaliados oito animais saudáveis, fêmeas, adultas, de cativeiro, que foram submetidas a três procedimentos laparoscópicos, com intervalo de 15 dias. Após a contenção física, uma associação de cetamina (25mg/kg) e midazolam (0,5mg/kg) foi administrada por via intramuscular para contenção química. Posteriormente, a anestesia foi induzida e mantida com isoflurano, e administrou-se aleatoriamente metadona (0,5mg/kg), tramadol (5mg/kg) ou placebo salina por via intramuscular. Após a contenção farmacológica e em estágio final da laparoscopia, foram obtidas amostras de sangue venoso para contagem sanguínea completa, proteína de plasma total (TP), creatinina, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), cálcio, sódio, potássio e cloreto ionizado. Durante a anestesia geral, a concentração de hemoglobina, TP e linfócitos diminuiu (P= 0,029;< 0,001; 0,022, respectivamente), enquanto os níveis de potássio aumentaram (P= 0,034). Em conclusão, a contenção química com associação de cetamina/midazolam promove uma ligeira diminuição dos componentes celulares do sangue. A anestesia com isoflavano para o procedimento laparoscópico levou a uma diminuição das concentrações de hemoglobina, linfócitos e proteínas, enquanto o potássio aumentou, sem qualquer influência do tratamento com tramadol ou metadona. No entanto, essas alterações foram transitórias, e os seus valores hematológicos obtidos podem colaborar na realização de estudos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos ou casuísticas para Cuniculus paca.(AU)