Correção de deformidade flexural da articulação metacarpofalangeana em uma bezerra / Correction of flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint in a calf

Background: The congenital flexural deformity is common in cattle, often affecting the metacarpophalangeal joint of thethoracic limbs. The deformity may be mild, moderate, or severe, and the therapy depends on the limb’s degree of flexionand the affected joint. In severe deformities, tenotomy of the flexor tendons and desmotomy of the suspensor ligament isrecommended. However, this surgical technique may not be sufficient to promote limb extension, and other interventionsmay be necessary. Thus, the purpose of this report is to describe a technique to correct severe flexural deformities of themetacarpophalangeal joint in calves.Case: A 3-month-old, female, Dutch-bred calf weighing 46 kg was referred for treatment of congenital flexural deformity.On attendance, the patient presented severe deformity in the right thoracic limb and mild in the left thoracic limb both at theheight of the metacarpophalangeal joints. During palpation it was possible to notice that the flexor tendons were contractedin both limbs. Radiographic exams were performed to rule out the presence of other diseases, confirming the diagnosis offlexural deformity. The patient was referred to surgery to correct the anatomical anomaly. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in right lateral decubitus. In the left thoracic limb, an incision was made in the medial region ofthe metacarpal bone, the tissues were divulsioned until the superficial digital and deep digital flexor tendons were exposed;these structures were sectioned with a scalpel, and the limb was extended, returning to the standard anatomical position. Inthe right thoracic limb, the same procedure was performed, but during the limb extension test, we observed that the limbremained flexed, we then followed with a second incision and section of the deep...

S- and P-type cobra venom cardiotoxins differ in their action on isolated rat heart

Background: The cardiovascular system is one of the first systems to be affected by snake toxins; but not many toxins exert a direct effect on the heart. Cobra venom cardiotoxins are among those few toxins that attack the heart. Although the two cardiotoxin types (S and P) differ in their central-loop structure, it is not known whether they differ in their effect on the mammalian heart. We compared the effects of S- and P-type cardiotoxins, CTÐ¥-1 and CTÐ¥-2, respectively, from the cobra Naja oxiana, on the isolated rat heart. Methods: An isolated rat heart perfused according to the Langendorff technique was used in this study to investigate the activity of cardiotoxins CTX-1 and CTX-2. The following parameters were registered: the left ventricular developed pressure, calculated as the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure in the left ventricle, the end-diastolic pressure, the heart rate, time to maximal end-diastolic pressure (heart contracture), and time to depression of the heart contraction. Results: Both cardiotoxins at the concentration of 5 µg/mL initially produce a slight increase in systolic intraventricular pressure, followed by its rapid decrease with a simultaneous increase in diastolic intraventricular pressure until reaching contracture. CTX-2 blocks cardiac contractions faster than CTX-1; in its presence the maximum diastolic pressure is reached faster and the magnitude of the developed contracture is higher. Conclusion: The P-type cardiotoxin CTX-2 more strongly impairs rat heart functional activity than the S-type cardiotoxin CTX-1, as expressed in its faster blockage of cardiac contractions as well as in more rapid development and greater magnitude of contracture in its presence.(AU)

Malformações congênitas em ovinos - surto causado por Mimosa tenuiflora / Congenital malformationsin sheep - outbreak caused by Mimosa tenuiflora

Background: Congenital malformations are anomalies, structural or functional, that occur during the embryonic or fetal phase. There are several causes, one of which is the ingestion of toxic plants. Considering the importance of native toxic plants in the Central Backlands of Ceará state - Brazil, this paper reports cases of congenital malformations in sheep due to ingestion of Mimosa tenuiflora. Cases: Cases of abortion and malformations in sheep, were monitored in a rural property in the municipality of Piquet Carneiro with 20 ruminants (15 sheep and 5 cows) raised on a semi-intensive regime. The animals grazed during the day and were supplemented with corn, having unrestricted access to dam water. On its margins, there was a large amount of jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora), which the owner reported that the sheep consumed daily. The owner was unaware of the toxicity of M. tenuiflora but reported that cases of malformations had already occurred on his property some time ago. In an interval of approximately 12 days, 3 sheep miscarriage fetuses with multiple malformations. Malformed fetuses were referred for anatomopathological examination at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campus Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. The fetuses were necropsied and tissue samples of the nervous system and organs from the thoracic and abdominal cavities were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, routinely processed for histopathology, included in paraffin, cut into 3 µm sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). At necropsies were observed permanent contracture of the thoracic limb joints (arthrogryposis), particularly at the radio-carpal joints; incomplete medial fusion of the palatal bone, with communication between the oral and nasal cavities (palatoschisis); hypoplasia of the mandibular bone (micrognathia); unilateral hypoplasia of the incisive bone with discontinuity of the upper lip (cheiloschisis); unilateral hypoplasia of the eyeball (microphthalmia); lateral curvature of the cervical spine (scoliosis); and chest deformity characterized by ventral protrusion of the sternum and ribs (Pectus carinatum). At the histopathological evaluation of the tissues, no alterations were observed. Discussion: The diagnosis was based on the epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological findings. The semi-intensive management system applied on the property predisposed the sheep to ingestion of M. tenuiflora, which grows abundantly on the property and throughout the Central Backlands of Ceará, Brazil, with a high rate of geographical coverage. Despite that, most rural producers, especially subsistence farmers, are unaware of the toxic and teratogenic properties of the plant. In the northeastern, where there are long periods of drought coupled with forage shortages, poisoning by M. tenuiflora is a common cause of malformation and mortality in lambs. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt preventive measures in herds, such as raising awareness among producers about the toxic potential of some native plants and the practice of producing and supplying silage to animals, so that native toxic plants are not the only food source during the scarcity period.

Manejo da deformidade flexural congênita em bezerro - aspectos cirúrgicos e patológicos / Management of a congenital flexural deformity in a calf - surgical and pathological aspects

Background: Flexural deformities are anatomical deviations, in varying degrees, of one or more joints, and may have a congenital or acquired origin. Congenital contracture of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) affects newborn calves and results in hyperflexion of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, which in severe cases means that the animal must support its own weight on its fetlock joints. The aim of this study is to report the rapid and successful result of applying bilateral total tenotomy technique on a newborn bovine that had been diagnosed with severe bilateral DDFT contracture in the thoracic limbs. Case: A 3-week-old male bovine with a history of difficulty in maintaining a quadrupedal position was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Tocantins. The animal had severe bilateral locomotor alterations in the thoracic members to the point that he walked on his fetlock joints. The physical examination revealed clinical parameters within the normal range. However, the locomotor system examination showed severe flexor deformity in the bilateral metacarpal-phalangeal joints, and the limbs were being supported on the dorsal face of the fetlock joints, which presented ulcerations, and was suggestive of a shortening of the DDFT. Based on the patient’s history and clinical examination, as well as the severity of the tendon contractures, surgical treatment using the DDFT bilateral total tenotomy technique was decided upon. Postoperative treatment consisted of 2.5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin intramuscularly (IM), SID, for 5 days and 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam via IM, SID, for 3 days; as well as a dressing (cotton, medical bandage and a PVC mold) on the thoracic limbs to provide support and allow the animal to..

Manejo da deformidade flexural congênita em bezerro - aspectos cirúrgicos e patológicos / Management of a congenital flexural deformity in a calf - surgical and pathological aspects

Background: Flexural deformities are anatomical deviations, in varying degrees, of one or more joints, and may have a congenital or acquired origin. Congenital contracture of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) affects newborn calves and results in hyperflexion of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, which in severe cases means that the animal must support its own weight on its fetlock joints. The aim of this study is to report the rapid and successful result of applying bilateral total tenotomy technique on a newborn bovine that had been diagnosed with severe bilateral DDFT contracture in the thoracic limbs. Case: A 3-week-old male bovine with a history of difficulty in maintaining a quadrupedal position was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Tocantins. The animal had severe bilateral locomotor alterations in the thoracic members to the point that he walked on his fetlock joints. The physical examination revealed clinical parameters within the normal range. However, the locomotor system examination showed severe flexor deformity in the bilateral metacarpal-phalangeal joints, and the limbs were being supported on the dorsal face of the fetlock joints, which presented ulcerations, and was suggestive of a shortening of the DDFT. Based on the patients history and clinical examination, as well as the severity of the tendon contractures, surgical treatment using the DDFT bilateral total tenotomy technique was decided upon. Postoperative treatment consisted of 2.5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin intramuscularly (IM), SID, for 5 days and 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam via IM, SID, for 3 days; as well as a dressing (cotton, medical bandage and a PVC mold) on the thoracic limbs to provide support and allow the animal to..(AU)

Interfalangeal flexural deformity in a pelvic limb of an american quarter horse: a case report / Deformidade flexural interfalangeana em membro pélvico de equinoquarto de milha: relato de caso

Flexural deformity in growing animals is a condition in which a joint is kept in a flexed or abnormally extended position. In foals, it is characterised mainly by deviation of the limbs. As such, the aim is to report a case of flexural deformity in a pelvic limb of Quarter Horse. The animal was treated at the Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia Veterinary Hospital (HOVET-UFERSA): a female, with dappled coat, approximately two years of age, presenting with interphalangeal flexural deformity of the left pelvic limb. In the anamnesis, the owner reported that the animal had shown the deformity from six months of age, and on physical examination, presented grade IV lameness of the left pelvic limb, excessive wear of the toe, with the limb offering no support. Upon palpation, contracture of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons was identified. Surgical treatment was therefore chosen, including tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon together with desmotomy of the lower check ligament. Medicinal therapy based on antibiotics and an anti-inflammatory was carried out, in addition to corrective trimming of the hoof and a horseshoe with toe extension; cleaning and changing the dressing was performed every 48 hours, and active physical therapy was given through a daily 15-minute walk. After 15 days hospitalisation, the animal was discharged, showing considerable improvement in it

A deformidade flexuralé uma condição de animais em crescimento, na qual uma articulação é mantida em posição flexionada ou estendida anormalmente. Em potros, caracteriza-se principalmente pelo desvio dos membros. Desta forma, objetiva-se relatar um caso de deformidade flexuralem membro pélvico de equino Quarto de Milha. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia (HOVET-UFERSA), umafêmea, da raça Quarto de Milha, pelagem tordilha, com aproximadamente dois anos de idade, apresentando deformidade flexuralinterfalangeana em membro pélvico esquerdo. Na anamnese, o proprietário relatou que o animal apresentava encastelamento do membro desde os 6 meses de idade. Ao exame físico, apresentou claudicação grau IV no membro pélvico esquerdo, desgaste excessivo de pinça, e sem apoio do membro. À palpação foi identificada contratura dos tendões flexores digitais superficial e profundo. Desta forma, optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico de tenotomia do tendão flexor digital

Interfalangeal flexural deformity in a pelvic limb of an american quarter horse: a case report / Deformidade flexural interfalangeana em membro pélvico de equinoquarto de milha: relato de caso

Flexural deformity in growing animals is a condition in which a joint is kept in a flexed or abnormally extended position. In foals, it is characterised mainly by deviation of the limbs. As such, the aim is to report a case of flexural deformity in a pelvic limb of Quarter Horse. The animal was treated at the Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia Veterinary Hospital (HOVET-UFERSA): a female, with dappled coat, approximately two years of age, presenting with interphalangeal flexural deformity of the left pelvic limb. In the anamnesis, the owner reported that the animal had shown the deformity from six months of age, and on physical examination, presented grade IV lameness of the left pelvic limb, excessive wear of the toe, with the limb offering no support. Upon palpation, contracture of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons was identified. Surgical treatment was therefore chosen, including tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon together with desmotomy of the lower check ligament. Medicinal therapy based on antibiotics and an anti-inflammatory was carried out, in addition to corrective trimming of the hoof and a horseshoe with toe extension; cleaning and changing the dressing was performed every 48 hours, and active physical therapy was given through a daily 15-minute walk. After 15 days hospitalisation, the animal was discharged, showing considerable improvement in it

A deformidade flexuralé uma condição de animais em crescimento, na qual uma articulação é mantida em posição flexionada ou estendida anormalmente. Em potros, caracteriza-se principalmente pelo desvio dos membros. Desta forma, objetiva-se relatar um caso de deformidade flexuralem membro pélvico de equino Quarto de Milha. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia (HOVET-UFERSA), umafêmea, da raça Quarto de Milha, pelagem tordilha, com aproximadamente dois anos de idade, apresentando deformidade flexuralinterfalangeana em membro pélvico esquerdo. Na anamnese, o proprietário relatou que o animal apresentava encastelamento do membro desde os 6 meses de idade. Ao exame físico, apresentou claudicação grau IV no membro pélvico esquerdo, desgaste excessivo de pinça, e sem apoio do membro. À palpação foi identificada contratura dos tendões flexores digitais superficial e profundo. Desta forma, optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico de tenotomia do tendão flexor digital(AU)

Comparative clinical evaluation of breast augmentation using silicone foam coated implants and textured implants

Purpose To evaluate whether silicone foam implants have a different evolution pattern compared to conventional texture implants. Methods Fifty-eight female patients underwent surgery. They were divided into two groups (silicone foam Lifesil® and microtexturized silicone Lifesil®). The evolution was analyzed in postoperative consultations, with physical examination, photographic documentation and filling in a satisfaction questionnaire, in the postoperative period of one month, four months, one year and then annually, up to a maximum of 3 years of follow-up. Results There were no statistically significant differences in presence of rippling, stretch marks, breast ptosis, capsular contracture and quality of scars. There was a higher rate of patients who were very satisfied with the outcome 360 days after surgery in the group receiving silicone foam implants (p = 0.036). Conclusion In short time, silicone foam envelope implants proved to be as reliable as textured silicone envelope implants, making them an option for augmentation mammoplasty.(AU)

Short-term evaluation of an intra-articular technique for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs using nylon or polyester / Avaliação a curto prazo da técnica intra-articular utilizando fio de náilon ou poliéster para correção da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCrLR) is a common condition found in the small animal routine, being correlated to traumas, obesity, genetic factors, and primary osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. Affected animals show articular instability that, if not corrected surgically, may cause secondary OA and loss of limb function. The aim of this study was to compare short-term results of the intra-articular technique for knee stabilization after CCrLR using a surgical button associated with polyester yarn (Group A), the surgical button associated with nylon yarn (Group B), and surgical toggle associated with polyester yarn (Group C). Eighteen dogs presenting CCrLR, weight varying from 5 to 35 kg, and different sex and breed were divided into three groups of six individuals. OA radiographic grade, pre- and post-operative lameness, surgical time, and the macroscopic aspect of cartilage were assessed. The intra-articular technique was performed by passing a suture through two tunnels, drilled in the femoral condyle and tibial crest to stabilize the knee joint. Twelve animals presented a decreased lameness and normal limb function after 15 days. On the other hand, four dogs from Group B presented complications: two dogs had suture rupture after 30 days and other two showed muscular contracture with decreased range of motion, followed by loss of limb function. In Group A, one dog showed...

A Ruptura do Ligamento Cruzado Cranial (RLCCr) é uma afecção comumente vista na clínica de pequenos animais e, nos cães, pode ser decorrente de traumas, obesidade, fatores genéticos e osteoartrite (OA) primária. Todos os casos apresentam instabilidade articular e quando não tratados podem evoluir para OA secundária e perda funcional do membro. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar os resultados, a curto prazo, da técnica intra-articular utilizando o botão cirúrgico associado ao fio de poliéster 5 (Grupo A), botão cirúrgico associado ao fio de náilon 5 (Grupo B), e grampo cirúrgico associado ao fio de poliéster 5 (Grupo C), para a estabilização da articulação do joelho após a RLCCr. Foram utilizados 18 cães com RLCCr, com peso variando entre 5 e 35 kg, com raça e sexo aleatórios. Os cães foram aleatoriamente divididos em três grupos de 6 indivíduos. Foram avaliados o grau de OA radiográfico, grau de claudicação pré e pós-operatório, o tempo cirúrgico e o aspecto macroscópico da cartilagem. Foi realizada a técnica cirúrgica intra-articular, utilizando-se fio para estabilização através de dois túneis cirúrgicos, um no côndilo lateral do fêmur e outro na crista da tíbia. Doze animais evoluíram de forma favorável, recuperando o apoio normal do membro após 15 dias da cirurgia. Quatro animais do grupo B apresentaram complicações sendo duas rupturas do fio após 30 dias de...

Short-term evaluation of an intra-articular technique for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs using nylon or polyester / Avaliação a curto prazo da técnica intra-articular utilizando fio de náilon ou poliéster para correção da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCrLR) is a common condition found in the small animal routine, being correlated to traumas, obesity, genetic factors, and primary osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. Affected animals show articular instability that, if not corrected surgically, may cause secondary OA and loss of limb function. The aim of this study was to compare short-term results of the intra-articular technique for knee stabilization after CCrLR using a surgical button associated with polyester yarn (Group A), the surgical button associated with nylon yarn (Group B), and surgical toggle associated with polyester yarn (Group C). Eighteen dogs presenting CCrLR, weight varying from 5 to 35 kg, and different sex and breed were divided into three groups of six individuals. OA radiographic grade, pre- and post-operative lameness, surgical time, and the macroscopic aspect of cartilage were assessed. The intra-articular technique was performed by passing a suture through two tunnels, drilled in the femoral condyle and tibial crest to stabilize the knee joint. Twelve animals presented a decreased lameness and normal limb function after 15 days. On the other hand, four dogs from Group B presented complications: two dogs had suture rupture after 30 days and other two showed muscular contracture with decreased range of motion, followed by loss of limb function. In Group A, one dog showed...(AU)

A Ruptura do Ligamento Cruzado Cranial (RLCCr) é uma afecção comumente vista na clínica de pequenos animais e, nos cães, pode ser decorrente de traumas, obesidade, fatores genéticos e osteoartrite (OA) primária. Todos os casos apresentam instabilidade articular e quando não tratados podem evoluir para OA secundária e perda funcional do membro. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar os resultados, a curto prazo, da técnica intra-articular utilizando o botão cirúrgico associado ao fio de poliéster 5 (Grupo A), botão cirúrgico associado ao fio de náilon 5 (Grupo B), e grampo cirúrgico associado ao fio de poliéster 5 (Grupo C), para a estabilização da articulação do joelho após a RLCCr. Foram utilizados 18 cães com RLCCr, com peso variando entre 5 e 35 kg, com raça e sexo aleatórios. Os cães foram aleatoriamente divididos em três grupos de 6 indivíduos. Foram avaliados o grau de OA radiográfico, grau de claudicação pré e pós-operatório, o tempo cirúrgico e o aspecto macroscópico da cartilagem. Foi realizada a técnica cirúrgica intra-articular, utilizando-se fio para estabilização através de dois túneis cirúrgicos, um no côndilo lateral do fêmur e outro na crista da tíbia. Doze animais evoluíram de forma favorável, recuperando o apoio normal do membro após 15 dias da cirurgia. Quatro animais do grupo B apresentaram complicações sendo duas rupturas do fio após 30 dias de...(AU)

Histological evaluation of capsules formed by silicon implants coated with polyurethane foam and with a textured surface in rats

PURPOSE:To assess the capsules formed by silicone implants coated with polyurethane foam and with a textured surface.METHODS:Sixty-four Wistar albinus rats were divided into two groups of 32 each using polyurethane foam and textured surface. The capsules around the implants were analyzed for 30, 50, 70 and 90 days. Were analyzed the following parameters: foreign body reaction, granulation tissue, presence of myofibroblasts, neoangiogenesis, presence of synovial metaplasia, capsular thickness, total area and collagen percentage of type I and III, in capsules formed around silicone implants in both groups.RESULTS:The foreign body reaction was only present in the four polyurethane subgroups. The formation of granulation tissue and the presence of myofibroblasts were higher in the four polyurethane subgroups. Regarding to neoangiogenesis and synovial metaplasia, there was no statistical difference between the groups. Polyurethane group presented (all subgroups) a greater capsule thickness, a smaller total area and collagen percentage of type I and a higher percentage area of type III, with statistical difference.CONCLUSION:The use of polyurethane-coated implants should be stimulated by the long-term results in a more stable capsule and a lower incidence of capsular contracture, despite developing a more intense and delayed inflammatory reaction in relation to implants with textured surface.(AU)

Relato de caso: uso da Oxitetraciclina no tratamento de potro com contratura congênita dos tendões flexores

A contratura congênita dos tendões flexores superficiais quando não tratada rapidamente é responsável pela perda da capacidade atlética nos potros, inclusive podendo resultar na perda precoce do animal, e na na literatura há descrição do uso de tetracilina e oxitetracilcina para o tratamento da enfermidade. Esse trabalho objetivou relatar o uso da oxitetraciclina intravenosa no tratamento do emboletamento em potros recém-nascidos. Um potro recem-nascido foi diagnosticado com emboletamento e tratado com duas doses de oxitetraciclina (2,0g de oxitetracilina intravenosa). Ele recuperou-se rapidamente e não apresentou efeitos crônico do medicamento. Conclui-se que a oxitetracilina pode ser utilizada no tratamento do emboletamento nos casos de diagnóstico precoce.

Congenital contracture of the superficial flexor tendons, when left untreated, is responsible for the loss of athletic ability in foals, and even result in early loss of the animal and in the literature, there is a description for using tetracycline and oxytetracycline for the disease’s treatment. This study aimed to report the use of intravenous oxytetracycline in the treatment of congenital flexural contracture in newborn foals A newborn foal was diagnosed with congenital flexural contracture and treated with two doses of oxytetracycline (2.0 g of intravenous oxytetracycline). The recovery was quick and presented no chronic effects of the drug. It is concluded that oxytetracycline can be used in the treatment of congenital flexural contractures in cases of early diagnosis.

Relato de caso: uso da Oxitetraciclina no tratamento de potro com contratura congênita dos tendões flexores

A contratura congênita dos tendões flexores superficiais quando não tratada rapidamente é responsável pela perda da capacidade atlética nos potros, inclusive podendo resultar na perda precoce do animal, e na na literatura há descrição do uso de tetracilina e oxitetracilcina para o tratamento da enfermidade. Esse trabalho objetivou relatar o uso da oxitetraciclina intravenosa no tratamento do emboletamento em potros recém-nascidos. Um potro recem-nascido foi diagnosticado com emboletamento e tratado com duas doses de oxitetraciclina (2,0g de oxitetracilina intravenosa). Ele recuperou-se rapidamente e não apresentou efeitos crônico do medicamento. Conclui-se que a oxitetracilina pode ser utilizada no tratamento do emboletamento nos casos de diagnóstico precoce.(AU)

Congenital contracture of the superficial flexor tendons, when left untreated, is responsible for the loss of athletic ability in foals, and even result in early loss of the animal and in the literature, there is a description for using tetracycline and oxytetracycline for the diseases treatment. This study aimed to report the use of intravenous oxytetracycline in the treatment of congenital flexural contracture in newborn foals A newborn foal was diagnosed with congenital flexural contracture and treated with two doses of oxytetracycline (2.0 g of intravenous oxytetracycline). The recovery was quick and presented no chronic effects of the drug. It is concluded that oxytetracycline can be used in the treatment of congenital flexural contractures in cases of early diagnosis.(AU)

Effect of propranolol on capsular reaction around silicone implants in guinea pigs

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of propranolol on capsular architecture around silicone implants by measuring the inflammation, capsular thickness, and collagen fiber density, using a guinea pig experimental model. METHODS: Thirty six adult male guinea pigs randomly divided into two groups (n=18) were used. Each one received a silicone implant with textured-surface. The capsular tissue around implants from untreated or treated animals with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (10 mg/kg, dissolved in daily water) were analyzed for inflammation by histological scoring, capsular thickness by computerized histometry, and collagen fibers type I and Type III density by picrosirius polarization at different time points (7, 14 or 21 days after silicone implantation).RESULTS: Propranolol treatment reduced inflammation and impaired capsular thickness and delayed collagen maturation around the textured implant. CONCLUSION: Propranolol reduces the risk of developing capsular contracture around silicone implants with textured surface.(AU)

AVALIAÇÃO CLÍNICA, RADIOGRÁFICA, ULTRASSONOGRÁFICA E DO LÍQUIDO SINOVIAL DA ARTICULAÇÃO METACARPOFALANGEANA E BIOMETRIA PODAL EM EQUINOS GERIÁTRICOS

PEREIRA, L.M.A. 2020, 114p. Avaliação clínica, radiográfica, ultrassonográfica e do líquido sinovial da articulação metacarpofalangeana e biometria podal em equinos geriátricos. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Animal) Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Lages, 2020. A articulação metacarpofalangeana dispõe de alta mobilidade e proporciona estabilidade no membro distal, sendo considerada o principal local para o desenvolvimento de lesões. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a frequência e os tipos de alterações clínicas, radiográficas (RX), ultrassonográficas (US), do líquido sinovial da articulação metacarpofalangeana e desequilíbrios podais em equinos geriátricos. Foram avaliados 40 equinos geriátricos (18,6 anos), mestiços, sendo 19 (48%) machos castrados e 21 (53%) fêmeas. O exame específico do aparelho locomotor foi realizado em todos os equinos, seguido pelo exame ultrassonográfico, radiográfico e a biometria podal. A US foi realizada por meio de secções longitudinais e transversais da face palmar e dorsal da articulação metacarpofalangeana. No RX quatro projeções foram efetuadas sendo, lateromedial, dorsopalmar, dorsomedial palmarolateral e dorsolateral palmaromedial. A presença de claudicação foi avaliada em graus (0-5), e para cada exame de imagem foi determinado escores de lesão: RX (0-4), US tecidos moles (0-6) e US ósseo (0-4). Determinou-se com as mensurações do casco a presença de contratura de ranilha, talões escorridos, desequilíbrio médio lateral, e a diferença entre membros contralaterais, além do comprimento da pinça. A análise descritiva dos dados foi realizada por meio do cálculo das frequências absoluta e percentual das alterações. A avaliação da associação entre a presença de claudicação e os escores de lesões US e RX foi determinado pelo teste Qui-quadrado (P<0,05). Quatorze equinos (35%) apresentaram claudicação, sendo quatro (10%) com origem na articulação do boleto e 10 (25%) com foco de dor em outras regiões. Nos exames de imagem 98% (39/40) dos animais apresentaram alteração, sendo 36 (90%) US e 39 (98%) RX. Em relação aos graus de lesão US para tecidos moles por membro, 47/80 (59%) tinham grau 0; 5/80 (6%) grau 1, 4/80 (5%) grau 2; 0/80 grau 3; 0/80 grau 4; 21/80 (26%) grau 5 e 3/80 (4%) grau 6. Os escores US ósseo, foram 22/80 (28%) grau 0; 19/80 (24%) grau 1; 32/80 (40%) grau 2; 6/80 (7%) grau 3; e 1/80 grau 4 (1%). No RX, para ambos os membros se obteve 2/80 (3 %) grau 0; 19/80 (24%) grau 1; 13/80 (15%) grau 2; 43/80 (54%) grau 3; e 3/80 (4%) grau 4. As principais alterações observadas foram relacionadas com doenças crônicas degenerativas, com redução do espaço articular e presença de osteófitos. Na avaliação biométrica foi observado presença de contratura de ranilha em 100% (38/38), desequilíbrio mediolateral pela altura do talão em 47% (18/38) e pelo ângulo dos talões em 82% (31/38), e talões escorridos em 73% (28/38) dos equinos. Não houve relação entre a presença de claudicação com os graus de lesão obtidos nos exames de imagem. Na biometria, apenas o desequilíbrio mediolateral com alterações ultrassonográficas de tecidos moles apresentou correlação (p = 0,047). Conclui-se que a ausência de claudicação não exclui a presença de alterações radiográficas e ultrassonográficas graves no boleto de equinos geriátricos. Porém, a presença de desequilíbrio mediolateral tem correlação com alterações ultrassonográficas em tecidos moles no boleto.

PEREIRA, L.M.A. 2020. 114p. Clinical, radiographic, ultrasound and synovial fluid evaluation of the metacarpophalangeal joint and hoof biometry in geriatric horses. Dissertation (Masters in animal science) - Santa Catarina State University. Post Graduate Program in Animal Science, Lages, 2020. The metacarpophalangeal joint has high mobility and provides stability in the distal limb, being considered the main site for the development of injuries. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and types of clinical, radiographic (X-ray), ultrasound (US) changes, of the synovial fluid of the metacarpophalangeal joint and foot imbalances in geriatric horses. Forty geriatric horses (18.6 years), crossbred, were evaluated, with 19 castrated males and 21 females. The specific examination of the locomotor system was performed in all horses, followed by ultrasound, radiographic examination and foot biometry. US was performed through longitudinal and transverse sections of the palmar and dorsal face of the metacarpophalangeal joint. In the X-ray, four projections were made: lateromedial, dorsopalmar, dorsomedial palmarolateral and dorsolateral palmaromedial. The presence of claudication was evaluated in degrees (0-5), and for each imaging exam, lesion scores were determined: XR (0-4), US soft tissue (0-6) and US bone (0-4). With the measurements of the toe, the presence of raw contracture, underrun hells, medium lateral imbalance, and the difference between contralateral members, in addition to the length of the toe, were determined. The descriptive analysis of the data was performed by calculating the absolute frequencies and percentage of changes. The assessment of the association between the presence of lameness and the US and RX lesion scores was determined by the Chi-square test (P <0.05). Fourteen horses (35%) presented lameness, four (10%) originating from the fetlock joint and 10 (25%) with a focus of pain in other regions. In imaging exams, 98% (39/40) of the animals showed changes, 36 (90%) of which were US and 39 (98%) of RX. Regarding the degrees of US injury to soft tissues per limb, 47/80 (59%) were grade 0; 5/80 (6%) grade 1, 4/80 (5%) grade 2; 0/80 grade 3; 0/80 grade 4; 21/80 (26%) grade 5; and 3/80 (4%) grade 6. Bone US scores were 22/80 (28%) grade 0; 19/80 (24%) grade 1; 32/80 (40%) grade 2; 6/80 (7%) grade 3; and 1/80 grade 4 (1%). In the RX, 2/80 (3%) grade 0 was obtained for both members; 19/80 (24%) grade 1; 13/80 (15%) grade 2; 43/80 (54%) grade 3; and 3/80 (4%) grade 4. The main changes observed were related to chronic degenerative diseases, with reduced joint space and the presence of osteophytes. In the biometric evaluation, the presence of a raw contracture was observed in 100% (38/38), mediolateral imbalance by the height of the hells in 47% (18/38) and by the angle of the hells in 82% (31/38), and underrun hells in 73% (28/38) of horses. There was no relationship between the presence of lameness and the degree of injury obtained on imaging exams. In biometrics, only the mediolateral imbalance with soft tissue ultrasound changes showed a difference (p = 0.047). It is concluded that the absence of lameness does not exclude the presence of serious radiographic and ultrasound changes in the geriatric equine fetlock joint. However, the presence of mediolateral imbalance is correlated with ultrasound changes in soft tissues in the fetlock joint.

Proteinograma de líquido sinovial e análise histopatológica das articulações metacarpofalangeanas de muar com osteoartrite desencadeada por deformidade flexural / Proteinogram of liquid synovial and histopathological analysis of metacarpophalangeal joints of the hinny with osteoarthritis triggered by flexor deformity

As deformidades flexurais são caracterizadas pela permanente hiperflexão de uma ou mais regiõesarticulares, consequentemente, a má-conformação sobrecarrega as estruturas que compõem as articulaçõesdesencadeando artrite ou osteartrite. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de contratura tendíneabilateral das articulações metacarpo-falangeanas em uma fêmea muar (mula) que não respondeu ao tratamentoconservador. Ao exame radiográfico, visibilizou-se sinais compatíveis com osteoartrite, sendo mais intenso naarticulação metacarpo-falangeana esquerda. Após tenotomia bilateral do tendão digital flexor profundoconstatou-se correção da contratura, porém não houve regressão do processo inflamatório local, decidindo-sepela eutanásia. No exame histopatológico dos tecidos articulares foram observadas perda da arquitetura dacartilagem e extensas áreas de tecido fibroso em ambas as articulações, enquanto que na esquerda também haviahipertrofia e hiperplasia de células da membrana sinovial e discreto infiltrado de neutrófilos. As amostras delíquido sinovial apresentaram viscosidade adequada, coloração avermelhada e discreta turvação; noproteinograma do líquido observou-se concentrações elevadas de α1-glicoproteína ácida, ceruloplasmina, IgG eIgA em ambos os lados, enquanto que as concentrações de proteínas totais, albumina e haptoglobina estavamaumentadas apenas na articulação esquerda. Assim sendo, pode-se concluir que o intervalo de 15 dias paraatendimento do animal associado ao atrito constante e repetitivo das articulações metacarpo-falangeanas durantea locomoção, decorrente da deformidade flexural, causaram processo inflamatório intenso que culminou com aocorrência de osteoartrite na articulação esquerda e artrite na articulação direita

The flexural deformities are characterized by permanent hyperflexion of one or more joint areas,consequently, the bad shaping overload the structures that form the joints triggering arthritis or osteoarthritis.This aims to report a case of bilateral tendon contracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint in a mule who did notrespond to conservative treatment. The radiographic exam visualized signs consistent with osteoarthritis, beingmore intense in the metacarpophalangeal joint left. After bilateral tenotomy the deep digital flexor tendon it wasfound contracture correction, but there was no regression of the local inflammatory process, deciding euthanasia.In histopathological examination of the joint tissues were observed loss of cartilage architecture and large areasof fibrosis in both joints, while there was also the left cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the synovial membraneand slight infiltration of neutrophils. Samples of synovial fluid showed adequate viscosity, reddish colorationand slight turbidity; protein concentrations in the liquid observed high concentrations of α1-acid glycoprotein,ceruloplasmin and IgA IgG on both sides, while the concentrations of total proteins, albumin and haptoglobinwere increased only in the left hip. We can conclude that the 15 day intervals for animal care associated withconstant and repetitive friction of the metacarpophalangeal joints during locomotion, due to flexor deformity,caused an intense inflammatory process in place that led to osteoarthritis in the left joint and arthritis in the rightjoint

Proteinograma de líquido sinovial e análise histopatológica das articulações metacarpofalangeanas de muar com osteoartrite desencadeada por deformidade flexural / Proteinogram of liquid synovial and histopathological analysis of metacarpophalangeal joints of the hinny with osteoarthritis triggered by flexor deformity

As deformidades flexurais são caracterizadas pela permanente hiperflexão de uma ou mais regiõesarticulares, consequentemente, a má-conformação sobrecarrega as estruturas que compõem as articulaçõesdesencadeando artrite ou osteartrite. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de contratura tendíneabilateral das articulações metacarpo-falangeanas em uma fêmea muar (mula) que não respondeu ao tratamentoconservador. Ao exame radiográfico, visibilizou-se sinais compatíveis com osteoartrite, sendo mais intenso naarticulação metacarpo-falangeana esquerda. Após tenotomia bilateral do tendão digital flexor profundoconstatou-se correção da contratura, porém não houve regressão do processo inflamatório local, decidindo-sepela eutanásia. No exame histopatológico dos tecidos articulares foram observadas perda da arquitetura dacartilagem e extensas áreas de tecido fibroso em ambas as articulações, enquanto que na esquerda também haviahipertrofia e hiperplasia de células da membrana sinovial e discreto infiltrado de neutrófilos. As amostras delíquido sinovial apresentaram viscosidade adequada, coloração avermelhada e discreta turvação; noproteinograma do líquido observou-se concentrações elevadas de α1-glicoproteína ácida, ceruloplasmina, IgG eIgA em ambos os lados, enquanto que as concentrações de proteínas totais, albumina e haptoglobina estavamaumentadas apenas na articulação esquerda. Assim sendo, pode-se concluir que o intervalo de 15 dias paraatendimento do animal associado ao atrito constante e repetitivo das articulações metacarpo-falangeanas durantea locomoção, decorrente da deformidade flexural, causaram processo inflamatório intenso que culminou com aocorrência de osteoartrite na articulação esquerda e artrite na articulação direita(AU)

The flexural deformities are characterized by permanent hyperflexion of one or more joint areas,consequently, the bad shaping overload the structures that form the joints triggering arthritis or osteoarthritis.This aims to report a case of bilateral tendon contracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint in a mule who did notrespond to conservative treatment. The radiographic exam visualized signs consistent with osteoarthritis, beingmore intense in the metacarpophalangeal joint left. After bilateral tenotomy the deep digital flexor tendon it wasfound contracture correction, but there was no regression of the local inflammatory process, deciding euthanasia.In histopathological examination of the joint tissues were observed loss of cartilage architecture and large areasof fibrosis in both joints, while there was also the left cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the synovial membraneand slight infiltration of neutrophils. Samples of synovial fluid showed adequate viscosity, reddish colorationand slight turbidity; protein concentrations in the liquid observed high concentrations of α1-acid glycoprotein,ceruloplasmin and IgA IgG on both sides, while the concentrations of total proteins, albumin and haptoglobinwere increased only in the left hip. We can conclude that the 15 day intervals for animal care associated withconstant and repetitive friction of the metacarpophalangeal joints during locomotion, due to flexor deformity,caused an intense inflammatory process in place that led to osteoarthritis in the left joint and arthritis in the rightjoint(AU)

Quemaduras térmicas en perros y gatos / Thermal burns in dogs and cats / Queimaduras térmicas em cães e gatos

Las quemaduras se producen cuando el tejido vivo está en contacto durante un largo periodo con un objeto o sustancia caliente. Se describen varias áreas de participación, que varían de acuerdo con el potencial de reversión de la lesión, como la zona de coagulación, estasis e hiperemia. Con respecto a la profundidad de la lesión, pueden ser clasificadas de acuerdo a el espesor, en superficial, superficial parcial, parcial profunda y completa. La extensión de piel afectada se calcula en base a la "regla de los nueves", que establece que cada parte del cuerpo corresponde a un múltiplo de 9% de la superficie corporal total. Aunque es poco frecuente en los pacientes veterinarios, quemaduras graves pueden llevar a un shock al disminuir el flujo de sangre periférica. Se debe realizar como terapia tópica inicial la tricotomia amplia seguida de la aplicación de solución salina fria, lavar con solución isotónica estéril, debridamiento, aplicación de ungüento antimicrobiano como sulfadiazina de plata y cubrir con vendas húmedas no adherentes. El debridamiento del tejido desvitalizado debe realizarse lo antes posible y, preferentemente, de forma agresiva. En la imposibilidad de realización de cirugía se puede utilizar los agentes conservadores enzimáticos de debridamiento, la inmersión en el agua y la aplicación de vendajes húmedos-húmedas. Después de la formación del lecho vascular sin tejido necrótico o infectado, quemaduras extensas se pueden cerrar mediante colgajos, injertos de piel, la técnica de avance de piel, o tratadas como herida abierta hasta que sea posible el tratamiento quirúrgico. Pueden ocurrir complicaciones como infección, cicatrización excesiva y la contractura de la herida, sobre todo cuando no hay un tratamiento temprano. [...](AU)

Burns occur when living tissues are in contact for a long period with a heated object or substance. Various zones of involvement are described, ranging as the reversal potential of the lesion, they are the zone of coagulation, stasis and hyperemia. Regarding the depth of the lesion, they can be graded according to the thikness, as superficial, superficial partialthickness, deep partial-thickness and full-thickness. The extent of affected skin can be calculated based on the “Rule of Nines”, which states that each part of the body corresponds to a multiple of 9% of the total body surface. Although rare in veterinary patients, severe burns can lead to shock by decreasing of peripheral blood flow. Wide hair removal, followed by application of cold saline solution, lavage with sterile isotonic solution, debridement, application of antimicrobial ointment as silver sulfadiazine and cover with moist nonadherent dress must be performed as the initial topical therapy. The debridement of devitalized tissue should be performed as early as possible and preferably aggressively. The impossibility to performing the surgery, conservative debridement can be done with enzymatic agents, immersion in water and the application of wet-wet dress. After formation of a vascular bed free of necrotic and infected tissue, extensive burns can be closed by flaps, skin grafting techniques, skin advance techniques or treated as an open wound until surgical treatment can be possible. Complications as infection, excessive scarring and wound contracture can occur, especially when there is not early treatment. The final cosmetic result is usually satisfactory when there is surgical intervention and complete hair covering. Although rare in veterinary medicine, severe burns are challenging and unlike traumatic wounds, presents different features and therapeutic. The abundant literature nowadays is mostly human and more veterinary studies are necessary in this area.(AU)

Queimaduras ocorrem quando tecido vivo entra em contato por um longo período com um objeto ou substância aquecida. São descritas diversas zonas de acometimento, variando conforme o potencial de reversão da lesão, sendo elas a zona de coagulação, estase e hiperemia. Em relação à profundidade da lesão, estas podem ser graduadas conforme a espessura em superficial, parcial superficial, parcial profunda e total. A extensão de pele acometida pode ser calculada com base na “regra dos nove”, que determina que cada parte do corpo corresponde a um múltiplo de 9% do total da superfície corpórea. Apesar de raro nos pacientes veterinários, queimaduras graves podem levar ao choque por diminuição do fluxo sanguíneo periférico. Deve-se realizar como terapia tópica inicial a tricotomia ampla seguida da aplicação de solução salina gelada, lavagem com solução isotônica estéril, debridamento, aplicação de pomada antimicrobiana como sulfadiazina de prata e a cobertura com bandagens úmidas não aderentes. O debridamento de tecido desvitalizado deve ser realizado o mais precocemente possível e preferencialmente de forma agressiva. Na impossibilidade de realização da intervenção cirúrgica, pode-se realizar o debridamento conservativo com agentes enzimáticos, imersão em água e a aplicação de bandagens úmida-úmida. Após a formação do leito vascular livre de tecido necrótico e infectado, as queimaduras extensas podem ser fechadas por meio de retalhos, enxertos cutâneos, técnicas de avanço de pele ou ainda tratadas como ferida aberta até que o tratamento cirúrgico seja possível. Como complicações, podem ocorrer infecção, cicatrização excessiva e contratura da ferida, especialmente quando não há tratamento precoce. O resultado cosmético final normalmente é satisfatório quando há intervenção cirúrgica e recobrimento piloso completo. [...](AU)

Heating produced by therapeutic ultrasound in the presence of a metal plate in the femur of canine cadavers / Aquecimento gerado pelo ultrassom terapêutico em presença de placa óssea metálica no fêmur de cadáveres caninos

The present study aimed to assess the heat generated by a therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) in a metal bone plate and adjacent structures after fixation to the femur of canine cadavers. Ten pairs of hind limbs were used, and they were equally distributed between groups that were subjected to 1- and 3-MHz frequencies, with each frequency testing 1- and 2-W/cm² intensities. The right hind limb was defined as the control group (absence of the metal plate), and the left hind limb was the test group (presence of the metal plate). Therefore, the control groups (CG) were denominated CGI, using TUS with 1-MHz frequency and 1-W/cm² intensity; CGII, using 1-MHz frequency and 2-W/cm² intensity; CGIII, using 3-MHz frequency and 1-W/cm² intensity; and CGIV, using 3-MHz frequency and 2-W/cm² intensity. For each control group, its respective test group (TG) was denominated TGI, TGII, TGIII and TGIV. The TUS was applied to the lateral aspect of the thigh using the continuous mode and a 3.5-cm² transducer in a 6.25-cm² area for 2 minutes. Sensors were coupled to digital thermometers that measured the temperature in different sites before (t0) and after (t1) of the TUS application. The temperatures in t1 were higher in all tested groups. The intramuscular temperature was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the groups used to test the 3-MHz frequency in the presence of the metal plate. The therapeutic ultrasound in the continuous mode using frequencies of 1 and 3 MHz and intensities of 1 and 2 W/cm2 for 2 minutes caused heating of the metal plate and adjacent structures after fixation to the femur of canine cadavers. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o aquecimento gerado pelo ultrassom terapêutico (UST) na placa óssea metálica e estruturas adjacentes após a fixação no fêmur de cadáveres caninos. Foram utilizados dez pares de membros pélvicos, distribuídos igualmente entre os grupos que utilizaram as frequências de 1 e 3 MHz. Cada frequência testou as intensidades de 1 e 2 W/cm², sendo que o membro pélvico direito foi definido grupo controle (ausência da placa óssea metálica) e o membro pélvico esquerdo o grupo teste (presença da placa óssea metálica). Portanto, os grupos controles foram denominados GCI, com UST na frequência de 1 MHz e intensidade de 1 W/cm²; GCII, com 1 MHz e 2 W/cm²; GCIII, com frequência de 3 MHz e intensidade de 1 W/cm²; e GCIV, com 3 MHz e 2 W/cm². Para cada grupo controle, seu respectivo grupo teste foi denominado GTI, GTII, GTIII e GTIV. O UST foi aplicado na face lateral da coxa, utilizando o modo contínuo, transdutor de 3,5cm², em uma área de 6,25cm², durante dois minutos. Foram utilizados sensores acoplados a termômetros digitais que mediram a temperatura em diferentes locais antes (t0) e após (t1) a aplicação do UST. Pode-se verificar que as temperaturas em t1 foram maiores em todos os grupos testados. Os grupos que testaram a frequência de 3 MHz demonstraram que a temperatura intramuscular foi significativamente maior (P<0,05) na presença da placa óssea metálica. O ultrassom terapêutico no modo contínuo de 1 e 3 MHz e intensidades de 1 e 2 W/cm2 durante dois minutos promove o aquecimento da placa óssea metálica e estruturas adjacentes após a fixação no fêmur de cadáveres caninos. (AU)

Avaliação de Pericitos no modelo GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy)

A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença genética decorrente de uma mutação ou deleção da distrofina, uma proteína que se expressa através de um gene de caráter recessivo relacionado ao cromossomo X. Através do modelo animal canino Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD), pesquisas em busca de novas alternativas terapêuticas são objeto de estudo para uma melhor compreensão da doença, por apresentarem um fenótipo similar aos pacientes humanos com DMD. O estudo visa avaliar a morfologia macro e microscópica, quantificar a área de fibrose e identificar células perivasculares (pericitos) nos músculos gastrocnêmio, diafragma, miocárdio e língua de cães Golden Retriever afetados com Distrofia Muscular (n=4) comparados com cães normais (n=4). Foram realizadas análises da morfologia, pelas características anatômicas macroscópicas, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e histologia (colorações de Hematoxilina e Eosina e Picrossírius). Os principais achados macroscópicos foram contratura muscular e hipertrofia (diafragma); infiltrado de tecido adiposo (gastrocnêmio); e a macroglossia. Microscopicamente, as principais alterações foram necrose e degeneração, observada por áreas de hipertrofia e atrofia miofibrilar, acúmulo de gordura e presença de fibrose na musculatura estriada esquelética. Concluiu-se que a musculatura estriada esquelética dos cães GRMD sofreram significativa variação na morfologia, com maior deposição fibrose comparado ao músculo cardíaco. A identificação dos pericitos em animais GRMD, demonstrou uma imunomarcação menos intensa em relação aos cães controle.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease caused by a mutation or deletion of the dystrophin, protein which is expressed through a recessive gene associated to X chromosome. The Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) canine model serves to new alternatives of therapies and to test better understand the disease pathogenesis, as they present a phenotype similar to the patients with DMD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the macro and microscopic morphology, to quantify the fibrotic area and to identify perivascular cells in the gastrocnemius, diaphragm, myocardium and tongue muscles of Golden Retriever dogs affected with Muscular Dystrophy (n = 4) compared to normal dogs (n = 4). Morphology macroscopic anatomical characteristics and scanning electron microscopy, histological (Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and Picrossírius staining). The main macroscopic findings were muscle contracture and hypertrophy (diaphragm); adipose tissue infiltrate (gastrocnemius); and a macroglossia. Microscopically, the main stages were necrosis and degeneration, observed by areas of hypertrophy and myofibrillar atrophy, fat accumulation and presence of fibrosis in skeletal muscles. After the extended muscles of the GRMD parenchyma were more morphologically varied, with greater deposition of fibrosis to the cardiac muscle. The identity of pericitos in animals GRMD, demonstrated an immunostaining in relation to the remote control.