Primary esophageal follicular lymphoma: a rare entity / Linfoma folicular esofágico primario: una entidad rara

A 63-year-old woman presented with dyspepsia de novo. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a 30 mm flat yellowish esophageal lesion, 28 cm from the incisors (Fig. 1a), with the stomach and duodenum without any lesion. Helicobacter pylori infection was excluded. Histological examination was suggestive of a lymphoproliferative process (Fig. 1b). Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse positivity for CD20 (Fig. 1c) and BCL-2 (Fig. 1d), dim CD10 and BCL-6 staining, a Ki-67 of 20-25%, no CD21 or cyclin D1 expression, all these features compatible with low-grade follicular lymphoma. Physical examination was unremarkable. Computed tomography of the neck, chest, and abdomen revealed no lymph node enlargement, hepatosplenomegaly or metastasis. Blood routine tests and tumor markers were at normal levels. Bone marrow biopsy showed no involvement by lymphoma. Therefore, a diagnosis of primary follicular lymphoma of the esophagus was made. The patient opted for a watch-and-wait strategy and there is no evidence of disease progression after four years of follow-up.(AU)

Risk factors for functional dyspepsia, erosive and non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease: A cross-sectional study / Factores de riesgo en dispepsia funcional y enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico: un estudio transversal

Background: Conflicting data exists regarding risk factors associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Functional Dyspepsia (FD). Few studies examine anxiety/depression in relation to GERD phenotypes (Esophagitis/EE, and Non-Erosive Reflux Disease/NERD), FD, and Rome-IV syndromes. Our aim was to evaluate the association between epidemiological factors and comorbidities with GERD phenotypes, FD, and Rome-IV syndromes, as well as their relationship with anxiety/depression. Methods: 338 subjects were selected from 357 patients referred to three tertiary-centers for endoscopic evaluation. Every subject was interviewed individually to administer three validated questionnaires: GERD-Q, Rome-IV and HADS. Results: 45/338 patients were controls, 198/58.6% classified as GERD, 81/24.0% EE (49/14.5% symptomatic, and 32/9.5% asymptomatic), 117/34.6% NERD, 176/52.1% FD (43/12.7% epigastric pain syndrome, 36/10.7% postprandial distress syndrome, and 97/28.7% overlapping syndrome). 81 patients were mixed GERD-FD. Multivariate analysis found significant independent associations: age in NERD and FD; sex in EE, asymptomatic EE and FD; body mass index in NERD and FD; alcohol in EE; anxiety/depression in FD; use of calcium channel antagonists in EE; and inhalers in FD. We compared controls vs different groups/subgroups finding significantly more anxiety in NERD, FD, all Rome-IV syndromes, and mixed GERD-FD; more depression in FD, overlapping syndrome, and mixed GERD-FD; and higher levels of anxiety+depression in NERD, FD, overlapping syndrome, and mixed GERD-FD. Conclusions: NERD and FD share demographic and psychopathological risk factors which suggests that they may form part of the same pathophysiological spectrum. Regarding NERD anxiety was predominant, and in FD anxiety+depression, suggesting that both processes may require complementary psychological therapy.(AU)

Antecedentes: Existen datos controvertidos sobre los factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) y la dispepsia funcional (DF). Pocos estudios han evaluado la relación entre ansiedad/depresión y los diferentes fenotipos de la DF (criterios Roma IV) y de la ERGE (erosiva [EE] y no erosiva [NERD]). Nuestro objetivo fue valorar la asociación entre diferentes factores epidemiológicos y comorbilidades y los fenotipos de la ERGE, la DF y sus síndromes, y su relación con la ansiedad/depresión. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 338 pacientes entre 357 remitidos para estudio endoscópico en 3 hospitales terciarios. Cada uno fue entrevistado individualmente y completó 3 cuestionarios validados: GERD-Q, Roma IV y HADS. Resultados: Cuarenta y cinco de los 338 pacientes fueron controles. Se clasificaron 198/58,6% como ERGE, 81/24,0% como EE (49/14,5% sintomática y 32/9,5% asintomática), 117/34,6% como NERD y 176/52,1% como DF (43/12,7% síndrome de dolor epigástrico, 36/10,7% síndrome de molestias posprandiales y 97/28,7% solapamiento epigastralgia-molestias posprandiales). Ochenta y uno solapaban ERGE-DF. El análisis multivariante encontró las siguientes asociaciones significativas: edad en NERD y DF; sexo en EE, EE asintomática y DF; IMC en NERD y DF; alcohol en EE; ansiedad/depresión en DF; toma de antagonistas del calcio en EE e inhaladores en DF. Al comparar el grupo control vs. diferentes grupos/subgrupos encontramos significativamente más ansiedad en NERD, solapamiento DF-ERGE, DF y todos sus síndromes Roma IV; más depresión en DF, solapamientos epigastralgia-molestias posprandiales y ERGE-DF; y más ansiedad+depresión en NERD, DF y solapamientos epigastralgia-molestias posprandiales y ERGE-DF. Conclusiones: La DF y la NERD comparten factores de riesgo demográficos y psicopatológicos, lo que evidencia que forman parte de un mismo espectro fisiopatológico...(AU)

Efficacies of prokinetics and rifaximin on the positivity of a glucose breath test in patients with functional dyspepsia: a randomized trial

Background and aim: prokinetics could eradicate small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mosapride, rifaximin and a combination of mosapride and rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Methods: we randomly assigned patients with functional dyspepsia diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive mosapride, rifaximin or a combination of both for two weeks. The hydrogen-methane glucose breath test and symptom questionnaire were surveyed before and after the treatment. Primary outcome was eradication rate of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Secondary outcomes were changes in the gas concentration, symptoms and safety. Results: the eradication rates were 17.2 % (5/29) for mosapride, 32.1 % (9/28) for rifaximin, and 34.6 % (9/26) for the combined groups, with no significant differences among the three groups. Total hydrogen concentration during the glucose breath test significantly decreased in the rifaximin group (p = 0.001). Total methane concentration significantly decreased in the rifaximin and combined groups (p = 0.005). Significant symptomatic improvements were observed in chest and abdominal discomfort with mosapride, in flatulence with rifaximin, and in chest discomfort with the combined groups. Adverse events were similar between the groups. Conclusions: rifaximin has an advantage of reducing gas, whereas mosapride can help to decrease breath hydrogen concentration. Certain intestinal symptoms improved with mosapride alone or combined with rifaximin (AU)

Un paciente con mal de Pott / A patient with Pott’s disease

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Ausencia de interferencia de almagato en los resultados de la prueba de aliento para el diagnóstico de Helicobacter pylori (estudio Almatest) / Lack of almagate interference in breath test results for Helicobacter pylori diagnosis (Almatest study)

Objetivo: El test del aliento con 13C-urea (TAU) es la prueba no invasiva más utilizada para diagnosticar Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). La posible interferencia de la toma de antiácidos en su resultado es aún controvertida. El estudio se dirige a confirmar la no interferencia del almagato en la determinación de H. pylori mediante el TAU. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional, multicéntrico, en pacientes adultos en tratamiento con almagato y a los que se indicó un TAU (TAUKIT®). Cuando el resultado del TAU fue negativo, se suprimió la toma de almagato durante 30 días y se repitió un segundo TAU. En los pacientes cuyo resultado fue positivo, no se realizaron más determinaciones. La variable principal a estudio fue el porcentaje de pacientes que teniendo resultado negativo en la primera prueba de aliento, tras suprimir la toma de almagato y repetirla, ésta se positivizó (falsos negativos del TAU, posiblemente atribuibles a almagato). Resultados: De los 167 pacientes evaluables, 59% fueron mujeres, la media de edad fue de 49 años y 97% de los casos presentaban sintomatología digestiva. El resultado del primer TAU fue negativo en un 71% de casos. De éstos, en la segunda prueba de TAU tras suprimir almagato, este resultado se confirmó en el 97,5%. El porcentaje de falsos negativos sobre el total de casos evaluados fue del 1,8%. Conclusiones: La toma de almagato tiene una interferencia mínima o nula en el resultado del TAU para el diagnóstico de la infección por H. pylori; por tanto, se puede utilizar en las semanas previas a la realización del TAU.(AU)

Objective: The 13C-urea breath test (UBT) is the most widely used non-invasive diagnostic test for Helicobacter pylori. Debate continues to surround the possible interference of antacid intake on its result. This study aims to confirm the non-interference of almagate in the determination of H. pylori by UBT. Patients and methods: Observational, multicentre study in adult patients treated with almagate in whom a UBT (TAUKIT®) was indicated. When the UBT result was negative, use of almagate was stopped for 30 days and the UBT was repeated. When the result was positive, no further determinations were made. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who, having had a negative result in the first breath test, were positive in the second after having stopped taking almagate (UBT false negatives, possibly attributable to almagate). Results: Of the 167 evaluable patients, 59% were female, average age was 49 and 97% had gastrointestinal symptoms. The result of the first UBT was negative in 71% of cases. Of these, in the second UBT test after stopping the almagate, the negative result was confirmed in 97.5%. Out of the total number of cases evaluated, the rate of false negatives was 1.8%. Conclusions: Taking almagate has minimal or no interference in the result of UBT for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. It can therefore be used in the weeks prior to a UBT.(AU)

Infección por Helicobacter pylori en la población VIH+: una comorbilidad en la que pensar / Helicobacter pylori infection in the HIV + population: a comorbidity to think about

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las alteraciones gastrointestinales, son frecuentes en VIH+. Helicobacter pylori puede ser una causa infradiagnosticada. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda retrospectiva de pacientes VIH+ con infección por H. pylori entre enero de 1998 hasta diciembre de 2017. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 132 pacientes. La dispepsia fue la sintomatología más frecuente. Un 88,5% tuvo gastritis crónica atrófica. Se consiguió la erradicación en 102 (77,3%). La curación fue más frecuente con pauta cuádruple (p = 0,004) y en los más jóvenes (p = 0,041). CONCLUSIÓN: La infección por H. pylori podría ser responsable de manifestaciones digestivas inespecíficas en los pacientes VIH+

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal disorders are frequent in HIV+. Helicobacter pylori may be an underdiagnosed cause. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with HIV and H. pylori were described since January 1998 up to December 2017. RESULTS: A total de 132 patients were included. The most frequent symptom was dyspepsia. 88.5% had chronic atrophic gastritis. Eradication was achieved in 102 (77.3%). Healing was more frequent with quadruple regimen (p = 0.004) and in the youngest (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection could be responsible for nonspecific digestive manifestations in HIV + patients

Divertículo de Meckel como causa de dolor abdominal recurrente / Meckel's diverticulum as a cause of recurring abdominal pain

El divertículo de Meckel constituye la anomalía congénita gastrointestinal más frecuente. Aunque la forma clínica de presentación más común es la hemorragia digestiva, también puede manifestarse como obstrucción intestinal o como proceso inflamatorio agudo. Su correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento requiere un elevado índice de sospecha clínica. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 19 años con un cuadro de dolor abdominal recurrente al que posteriormente fue extirpado un divertículo de Meckel

Meckel's diverticulum is the most frequent gastrointestinal congenital anomaly. Although its most common clinical presentation is gastrointestinal bleeding, it also manifests with bowel obstruction or acute inflammatory process. Correct diagnosis and treatment require a high degree of clinical suspicion. We present the case of a 19-year-old man with recurring abdominal pain, who eventually had a Meckel's diverticulum removed

Hepatitis autoinmune y enfermedad celiaca. Aparición simultánea de las 2enfermedades / Autoimmune hepatitis and coeliac disease. Simultaneous onset of both diseases

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Hemorragia digestiva alta como complicación de un adenoma de glándulas de Brunner. Una presentación inusual / Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a complication of Brunner's gland adenoma. An unusual presentation

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Factores independientes asociados con el impacto de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud / Independent factors associated with the impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on health-related quality of life

Introducción: varios factores se han asociado con el deterioro de la calidad de vida en la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Sin embargo, se desconoce aquellos que lo condicionan de manera independiente. Objetivo: evaluar los factores independientemente asociados con el impacto de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Material y método: Análisis post hoc de una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Se completaron cuestionarios validados para evaluar: calidad de vida (SF36), reflujo gastroesofágico (GERQ) y factores psicológicos (STAI y SCL90R). Resultados: Se incluyeron 98 pacientes. En el análisis univariante, el deterioro en el componente físico del SF36 se encontraba significativamente asociado al sexo femenino, al nivel educativo, a la edad, a la disminución de peso, a la severidad de los síntomas típicos y a los síntomas supraesofágicos e ingresos mensuales; el componente mental se asoció al consumo de alcohol, al dolor epigástrico y a peores puntuaciones en los cuestionarios STAI y SCL90. El análisis multivariante mostró una asociación independiente en el componente físico del SF36 con el nivel educativo (ß = 0,29; p < 0,01), la severidad de los síntomas (ß = -0,38 ; p < 0,001), el índice de masa corporal (ß = -0,30 ; p < 0,005), el estado de ansiedad (ß = 0,28; p < 0,01), el sexo femenino (ß = -0,23; p < 0,05) y la dispepsia (ß = -0,21; p < 0,05); y en la esfera mental, con el estado de ansiedad (ß = -0,39; p < 0,01) y la depresión (ß = -0,32; p < 0,05). Conclusión: los principales factores independientemente asociados con el deterioro de la calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico son la severidad de los síntomas típicos y la presencia de dispepsia, con un impacto adicional del índice de masa corporal y el componente psicológico

Background: although a number of factors have been associated with a deterioration in quality of life in gastroesophageal reflux disease, it is not known which has an independent influence. Objective: to evaluate factors independently associated with the impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on health-related quality of life. Methods: a post-hoc analysis of a prospective cohort of patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease was performed. The patients completed validated questionnaires to evaluate health-related quality of life (SF 36), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERQ) and psychological factors (STAI and SCL 90R). Results: the study included 98 patients. The univariate analysis showed that a deterioration in the physical component of the SF36 was significantly associated with female gender, educational level, age, weight loss, severity of typical symptoms, supraesophageal symptoms and monthly income. The mental component was significantly associated with alcohol consumption, epigastric pain and lower scores on the STAI and SCL90 questionnaires. The multivariate analysis showed an independent association between the physical component of the SF36 and educational level (ß = 0.29; p < 0.01), severity of symptoms (ß = -0.38; p < 0.001), body mass index (ß = -0.30; p < 0.005), state anxiety (ß = 0.28; p < 0.01), female gender (ß = -0.23; p < 0.05) and dyspepsia (ß = -0.21; p < 0.05). Associated variables within the mental component included state anxiety (ß = -0.39; p < 0.01) and depression (ß = -0.32; p < 0.05). Conclusions: the principal factors independently associated with a deterioration in health-related quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease included the severity of typical symptoms and the presence of dyspepsia. There is also an additional impact of body mass index and the psychological component

Evidencia clínica de STW 5 (Iberogast(R)) en patología digestiva / Evidência clínica de STW 5 (Iberogast(R)) em patologia digestiva / Clinical evidence of STW 5 (Iberogast(R)) in digestive pathology

La dispepsia funcional (DF) y el síndrome del intestino irritable (SII) son las alteraciones gastrointestinales funcionales más frecuentes. Requieren un tratamiento multifactorial ya que su aparición se relaciona con diversas afecciones funcionales, como alteraciones de la motilidad, hipersensibilidad gastrointestinal, inflamación, alteración de la microbiota intestinal, estrés y trastornos psicológicos, entre otros. SWT 5 es una combinación de 9 extractos vegetales con actividades sinérgicas y complementarias que es capaz de modular la motilidad gástrica e intestinal, inhibe la secreción ácida gástrica, tiene actividad antiinflamatoria y protectora de la mucosa, y reduce la hipersensibilidad intestinal.Desde 1990, se ha demostrado una eficacia estadísticamente significativa en 6 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, a doble ciego y controlados: cinco en DF (4 frente a placebo y uno frende a cisaprida) y uno en SII (frente a placebo). La eficacia en DF y SII también se ha mostrado en estudios observacionales que involucran más de 5000 adultos y 44000 niños tratados con STW 5. La combinación de extractos presenta una excelente tolerabilidad y un buen perfil de seguridad, con una incidencia de efectos adversos muy baja

A dispepsia funcional (DF) e a síndrome do cólon irritável (SCI) são as alterações gastrointestinais funcionais mais frequentes. Requerem um tratamento multifactorial, porque o seu aparecimento está relacionado com vários distúrbios funcionais, tais como alterações de motilidade, hipersensibilidade gastrointestinal, inflamação, microbioma intestinal alterado, stress e distúrbios psicológicos, entre outros. SWT 5 é uma combinação de 9 extractos vegetais com actividades sinérgicas e complementares que podem modular a motilidade gástrica e intestinal, têm actividade inibidora da secreção ácida gástrica, anti-inflamatória e protectora da mucosa, e reduzem a sensibilidade intestinal. Desde 1990, demonstrou-se uma eficácia estatisticamente significativa em seis ensaios clínicos randomizados, duplocego, e controlados: cinco em DF (4 versus placebo e um versus cisaprida) e um em SCI (versus placebo). A eficácia no tratamento de DF e SCI também foi demonstrada atra-vés de estudos observacionais envolvendo mais de 5000 adultos e 44000 crianças tratadas com STW 5. A combinação dos extractos mostra uma excelente tolerabilidade e um bom perfil de segurança, com uma incidência muito baixa de efeitos adversos

Functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are the most frequent functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. They require a multifactorial treatment since they appear to be related to several functional conditions, such as alterations of motility, hypersensitivity, inflammation, alteration of the gut microbiota, stress and psychological disorders, among others. SWT 5 is a combination of 9 herbal extracts with synergistic and complementary activities that is able to modulate gastric and intestinal motility, inhibits gastric acid secretion, shows mucosal anti-inflammatory and protective activities, and reduces intestinal hypersensitivity.Since 1990, statistically significant efficacy has been shown in 6 randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials: five in DF (4 versus placebo and one in front of cisapride) and one in IBS (versus placebo). The efficacy in DF and IBS has also been shown in observational studies involving more than 5000 adults and 44000 children treated with STW 5. The combination of extracts presents an excellent tolerability and a good safety profile, with a very low incidence of adverse effects

Dispepsia y síndrome de Wilkie, una causa poco frecuente, pero a menudo olvidada / Dyspepsia and Wilkie syndrome, an uncommon cause, but often forgotten

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Dispepsia, dispepsia funcional y criterios de Roma IV / Dyspepsia, functional dyspepsia and Rome IV criteria

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Author’s reply: "A question on dyspeptic patients analyzed by psychometric scores"

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A question about dyspeptic patients analyzed using psychometric scores

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Medición de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en la dispepsia funcional: ¿realmente es importante? / Measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in functional dyspepsia: is it really important?

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New psychometric data from the Spanish versions of the Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score and the Dyspepsia-Related Health Scale measures

Background and objective: There are no structural abnormalities in functional dyspepsia, therefore it is essential to have a viable questionnaire to measure treatment outcome according to patient perception. The aim of the study was to extensively document psychometric characteristics of the Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score and the Dyspepsia- Related Health Scale that are currently available in Spanish. Methods: Patients with functional dyspepsia (n = 158) were recruited from a randomized trial that assessed standard vs. standard and psychological treatment. Participants had completed the validation questionnaires and the Medical Outcome Study Short-form 36. Reliability (Cronbach’s alpha), validity (Confirmatory Factor Analysis, convergent and known group validity) and responsiveness (minimal clinically important difference) were analyzed. Results: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score showed a one-factor solution model, but a low Cronbach’s alpha (0.61). With regard to the Dyspepsia-Related Health Scale, the Cronbach’s alpha (0.80-0.97) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported a model with four inter-correlated dimensions and suggested a need to improve the "Satisfaction with dyspepsia-related health" dimension (Cronbach’s alpha < 20). Finally, the global scores for both the Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score and the Dyspepsia-Related Health Scale were responsive at six months post-treatment, with a minimal clinically important difference of 4 and 6, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings support the continued application of the Dyspepsia-Related Health Scale and the need to improve the "Satisfaction with dyspepsia-related health" dimension. Although the Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score is a promising questionnaire, further review of the content is required to eliminate and add items in order to provide greater consistency to the evaluated construct (AU)

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Consumo de preparados de plantas medicinales por la población mayor de 65 años en la provincia de Guadalajara (España) / Consumo de preparações à base de plantas de medicinais pela população com mais de 65 anos na província de Guadalajara (Espanha) / Consumption of herbal preparations by the population older than 65 years in the province of Guadalajara (Spain)

En las personas mayores de 65 años se producen una serie de cambios corporales, como consecuencia de la edad, factores psicológicos y sociales, que comportan un mayor número de patologías y, en consecuencia, un mayor consumo de medicamentos y de plantas medicinales, bien en forma de infusión o de otros preparados comerciales. En el presentetrabajo se ha estudiado el consumo de productos a base de plantas medicinales en una población geriátrica (n=384) de la provincia de Guadalajara. El 88,3% de la población de la tercera edad estudiada consume preparados de plantas medicinales. Todos estos pacientes consumen diariamente algún tipo de planta medicinal en infusión, y de media consumen 2,1 infusiones al día. La infusión más consumida es la de manzanilla (70,8 % de la población estudiada), seguida de anís y tila (49,7 % y 42,4%, respectivamente). El 47,6 % de los pacientes también utiliza otros productos de plantas medicinales, de éstos, el gel de áloe, las cápsulas de valeriana, los sobres de ispágula y la crema de árnica, son los más utilizados. Un 76% de los pacientes que toman plantas medicinales consume simultáneamente varios preparados de plantas (más de la mitad de los pacientes consume 3 o más), mayoritariamente para el tratamiento de dispepsia (el 67% de la población consume entre 2 y 4 preparados) (AU)

Nas pessoas com mais de 65 anos, há uma série de mudanças no organismo, como consequência da idade, fatores psicológicos e sociais, que envolvem um maior número de patologias e, consequentemente, um maior consumo de medicamentos e de plantas medicinais, tanto na forma de infusão como de outras preparações comerciais. No presente trabalho estudou-se o consumo de produtos à base de plantas medicinais numa população geriatrica (n = 384) na província de Guadalajara (Espanha), tendo-se verificado que 88,3% da população idosa estudada consome preparações de plantas medicinais. Todos esses pacientes consomem diariamente algum tipo de planta medicinal em infusão e, em média, consomem 2,1 infusões por dia. A infusão mais consumida é a de camomila (70,8% da população estudada), seguida pelas de anis e tília (49,7% e 42,4%, respetivamente). Dentro das outras preparações comerciais à base de plantas medicinais, utilizadas por 47,6% dos pacientes, destacam-se como mais utilizadas gel de aloe, cápsulas de valeriana, saquetas de ispagula e creme de arnica. Cerca de 76% dos pacientes que tomam plantas medicinais consomem simultaneamente várias preparações (mais de metade dos pacientes consomem 3 ou mais), principalmente para o tratamento da dispepsia (67% da população consome entre 2 e 4 preparações) (AU)

In people over 65, there are a number of bodily changes, as a consequence of age, psychological and social factors, which involve a greater number of pathologies and, consequently, a higher consumption of medicines and medicinal plants, either as teas or as other commercial preparations. Here, the consumption of herbal products in a geriatric population (n = 384) in the province of Guadalajara (Spain) has been studied. A 88.3% of the elderly population studied consumes herbal products. All these patients consume herbal teas dayly (2.1 infusions per day in average). The most consumed plant as tea is chamomile (70.8% of the population studied), followed by anise seed and lime flower (49.7% and 42.4%, respectively). A 47.6% of the patients also use other herbal products, being aloe gel, valerian capsules, ispaghula sachets and arnica cream the most used. Seventy-six percent of patients who take medicinal plants, simultaneously consume several preparations along the day (more than half of the patients take 3 or more), mostly for the treatment of dyspepsia (between 2 and 4 preparations by 67% of the population) (AU)

Los nuevos criterios de Roma (IV) de los trastornos funcionales digestivos en la práctica clínica / The new Rome criteria (IV) of functional digestive disorders in clinical practice

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