Agentes tóxicos em ruminantes diagnosticados no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da UFRRJ, Rio de Janeiro - Brasil / Toxic agents in ruminants diagnosed in the Pathological Anatomy Service of the UFRRJ, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil

Background: Toxic agents are chemical substances or physical agents that, when interacting with living organisms, cause harmful effects. For animals, toxic products include those intended to combat endo and ectoparasites, rodenticide products, and heavy metals. Minerals and dietary additives, even if essential to the animal, can become toxic agents, among which sodium chloride, copper, urea, and ionophore antibiotics stand out. This study aimed to survey the diagnoses of accidental poisoning in ruminants over 65 years as recorded in the files of the Pathological Anatomy Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. Materials, Methods & Results: The diagnoses of poisoning by ticks, rodenticides, heavy metals, macro and micronutrients, and dietary additives in ruminants were made based on the association of epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological findings and, in some cases, by histochemical (rubeanic acid and Masson trichrome) and toxicological examinations. A review of data recorded over 65 years identified 372 poisonings in ruminants. Of these, 85.5% (318/372) were in bovine species and 14.5% (54/372) in goats, sheep, and buffaloes. The outbreak of poisoning by organophosphates resulted in the death of 16 cattle that ingested contaminated broken rice and corn. The spraying of this product on the bags was intended to control insects. Intoxication due to excessive administration of abamectin resulted in the intoxication of 16 calves, in two distinct farms. Toxicosis caused by coumarin derivatives resulted in the death of six cattle after accidental ingestion of these rodenticides near the pens. Arsenic poisoning occurred due to ingestion of ant poison, available in bone meal and a mineral salt, through baths with arsenic-based ticks, or in cases later confirmed by toxicological analysis, resulting in the death of 109 cattle. Sodium chloride toxicosis resulted in the death of 10 sheep...

Intoxicação por lasalocida em bezerros búfalos no Estado do Pará, Brasil / Lasalocid poisoning in buffalo calves in the state of Pará, Brazil

Background: Ionophore antibiotics are food additives with coccidiostatic or antimicrobial action; they are also used as growth promoters, ruminal pH regulators, volatile fatty acid molar modifiers, and methanogenesis reducers. However, these compounds have the potential to cause microbial resistance, in addition to the risk of intoxication. Ionophore poisoning may be caused by excessive intake, sensitivity of certain animal species, and concomitant use with other drugs. In Brazil, cases of ionophore poisoning in buffalos are rare. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings of lasalocid poisoning in buffalo calves. Case: A visit was made to a farm in the municipality of Mojú, Pará state to care for Murrah buffalo calves. After weaning, the buffalos were grazed in paddocks with Panicum spp., and received a supplement of mineral, protein, and vitamin. This supplement contained, per kg, 250 g PB, 50 g Ca, 20 g P, 8 g S, 39 g Na, 20 mg Co, 557 mg Cu, 200 mg Fe, 12.4 mg Se, 2040 mg Zn, 0.19 mg biotin, 26750 IU of vitamin A, 4175 IU of vitamin D, 155 IU of vitamin E and 300 mg/kg of lasalocid. The product was made available to all calves, at 1-2 g/kg body weight (BW), according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Older calves were raised together with those less than 30 days old; as a result, the older calves tended to eat more, which could lead to a supplementation consumption of more than 1 kg body weight per animal per day. It was reported that between 40 and 60 days after the introduction of this supplement, 16 calves fell ill and died due to apathy, motor instability, tremors, and distended neck. The herd had a mortality rate of 33.3%. Two calves underwent a necroscopic examination at the Pathology Section of the Veterinary Institute of the Federal University of Pará. Macroscopic examination revealed extensive pale areas in the skeletal muscles, myocardium, and tongue. Fragments of these muscles and various organs were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed according to the routine histological technique, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome stain. Microscopic examination of the histologic samples revealed foci of muscle atrophy and necrosis characterized by an increase in cytoplasmic eosinophilia associated with the loss of stretch marks, and hyperchromatic nuclei that were displaced to the periphery. The necrosis of the muscle fibers was highlighted by Masson's trichrome staining. Discussion: The diagnosis of lasalocid poisoning in buffalo calves was based on epidemiological data, clinical findings, results of macroscopic and histopathological examination, and based on the estimated ionophore intake, obtained directly from the supplement label and by the calf's handler. Based on the absence of stratification of the calves by similarity of age and because the buffalo calves older than 30 days could eat more than 1 kg of the supplement (containing 300 mg/kg of lasalocid), it was possible to estimate the intake of lasalocid per kg CP (body weight). Therefore, the intake of lasalocid by a 70-kg buffalo calf in approximately 90 days and daily supplement consumption between 1 and 1.5 kg would be between 4.2 and 6.4 mg/kg of body weight. This report reinforces that notion that buffalo calves should never ingest ionophores; however, if necessary, strict protocols must be followed to avoid poisoning in these animals. This study highlighted the fact that stratification of buffaloes by different age groups during feeding became a risk factor that allowed greater consumption by older animals; this led to the estimated consumption of 4.2-6.4 mg/kg of lasalocid.

Angiolipoma in a dog

Background: Angiolipoma is a benign tumor composed of endothelial cells and mature adipocytes. Tumors reported indomestic species include two variants; infiltrative or non-infiltrative. Bitches and intact males seem predisposed. Thismesenchyme tumor is commonly mistaken with lipoma due to its soft texture and subcutaneous site and often requireshistopathology to confirm its diagnosis. Microscopic examination also enables the evaluation of surgical margins and ruleout possible infiltrative sites. Complete surgical excision is usually curative. This study reports a case of non-infiltratingangiolipoma in a dog.Case: A 14-year-old mixed-breed dog was presented to a veterinary clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Onpalpation, a painless mass was noted, with high mobility and covered by intact hirsute skin in the right subcutaneousventrolateral region. Computed tomography of the chest showed an expansive mass of uptake only from the edges of thesoft tissues of the right subcutaneous ventrolateral region. The mass was homogeneous and well delimited, suggesting aneoplastic process. Subsequently, the mass was surgically removed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and sent for histopathological analysis. On macroscopic examination, the mass was well delimited, without skin coverage, and measured2.3×1.9×0.6 cm. The consistency was smooth and unctuous in appearance with a compact cream-colored surface withblackish multifocal spots. Under microscopy, the histological sections showed neoplasm of mature adipocytes and of endothelial cells of blood vessels benign were filled with a marked amount of red blood cells...

Angiolipoma in a dog

Background: Angiolipoma is a benign tumor composed of endothelial cells and mature adipocytes. Tumors reported indomestic species include two variants; infiltrative or non-infiltrative. Bitches and intact males seem predisposed. Thismesenchyme tumor is commonly mistaken with lipoma due to its soft texture and subcutaneous site and often requireshistopathology to confirm its diagnosis. Microscopic examination also enables the evaluation of surgical margins and ruleout possible infiltrative sites. Complete surgical excision is usually curative. This study reports a case of non-infiltratingangiolipoma in a dog.Case: A 14-year-old mixed-breed dog was presented to a veterinary clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Onpalpation, a painless mass was noted, with high mobility and covered by intact hirsute skin in the right subcutaneousventrolateral region. Computed tomography of the chest showed an expansive mass of uptake only from the edges of thesoft tissues of the right subcutaneous ventrolateral region. The mass was homogeneous and well delimited, suggesting aneoplastic process. Subsequently, the mass was surgically removed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and sent for histopathological analysis. On macroscopic examination, the mass was well delimited, without skin coverage, and measured2.3×1.9×0.6 cm. The consistency was smooth and unctuous in appearance with a compact cream-colored surface withblackish multifocal spots. Under microscopy, the histological sections showed neoplasm of mature adipocytes and of endothelial cells of blood vessels benign were filled with a marked amount of red blood cells...(AU)

Enfermidades de bovinos e ovinos diagnosticadas no Estado do Tocantins / Cattle and sheep diseases diagnosed in the state of Tocantins - Brazil

Background: Knowing the different diseases that affect the herds of a region is a fundamental necessity, because sanityis one of the main factors limiting animal production. Several studies have reported the diseases affecting the animals ofvarious regions of Brazil; however, no such study was carried out in the state of Tocantins so far. Thus, the objective ofthis work is to report the main diseases diagnosed in cattle and sheep in the central and northern regions of the state ofTocantins, between January 2011 and December 2015.Materials, Methods & Results: The records and reports of the cattle and sheep treated by the clinicians and pathologistsof the Ruminants Medical Clinic (SCMR) of the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU), School of Veterinary Medicineand Zootecnia (EMVZ), University Federal of Tocantins (UFT) during the study period were evaluated. The cases wereclassified into two categories, conclusive and inconclusive; the cases with conclusive diagnosis were classified according tothe etiology and the organic systems involved. In the period of five years, 697 cattle and sheep were treated in the SCMR.The diagnoses were made using epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data, and in some cases, using complementarytests. Among the 697 cases reviewed, 692 (99.2%) and 5 (0.8%) cases were diagnosed conclusively and inconclusively,respectively. The most affected system was the digestive system, which accounted for 260 (37.6%) cases; this was followedby the locomotor 130 (18.8%) cases, nervous 56 (8.1%) cases, reproductive 57 (8.2%) cases, urinary 50 (7.2%) cases, skin16 (2.3%) cases, muscular 11 (2%) cases, respiratory 34 (4.9%) cases, hemolymphopoietic 28 (3.5%) cases, endocrine 24(3.5%) cases, sense organs 22 (3.2%) cases, and cardiovascular 4 (0.6%) cases. A total of 220 (31.6%) parasitic, 202 (29%)infectious, 106 (15.2%) toxic, 96 (13.8%) nutritional, 52 (7.5%) by physical agents, and 6 (0.8%) congenital/hereditarydiseases were...(AU)

Enfermidades de bovinos e ovinos diagnosticadas no Estado do Tocantins / Cattle and sheep diseases diagnosed in the state of Tocantins - Brazil

Background: Knowing the different diseases that affect the herds of a region is a fundamental necessity, because sanityis one of the main factors limiting animal production. Several studies have reported the diseases affecting the animals ofvarious regions of Brazil; however, no such study was carried out in the state of Tocantins so far. Thus, the objective ofthis work is to report the main diseases diagnosed in cattle and sheep in the central and northern regions of the state ofTocantins, between January 2011 and December 2015.Materials, Methods & Results: The records and reports of the cattle and sheep treated by the clinicians and pathologistsof the Ruminants Medical Clinic (SCMR) of the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU), School of Veterinary Medicineand Zootecnia (EMVZ), University Federal of Tocantins (UFT) during the study period were evaluated. The cases wereclassified into two categories, conclusive and inconclusive; the cases with conclusive diagnosis were classified according tothe etiology and the organic systems involved. In the period of five years, 697 cattle and sheep were treated in the SCMR.The diagnoses were made using epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data, and in some cases, using complementarytests. Among the 697 cases reviewed, 692 (99.2%) and 5 (0.8%) cases were diagnosed conclusively and inconclusively,respectively. The most affected system was the digestive system, which accounted for 260 (37.6%) cases; this was followedby the locomotor 130 (18.8%) cases, nervous 56 (8.1%) cases, reproductive 57 (8.2%) cases, urinary 50 (7.2%) cases, skin16 (2.3%) cases, muscular 11 (2%) cases, respiratory 34 (4.9%) cases, hemolymphopoietic 28 (3.5%) cases, endocrine 24(3.5%) cases, sense organs 22 (3.2%) cases, and cardiovascular 4 (0.6%) cases. A total of 220 (31.6%) parasitic, 202 (29%)infectious, 106 (15.2%) toxic, 96 (13.8%) nutritional, 52 (7.5%) by physical agents, and 6 (0.8%) congenital/hereditarydiseases were...

Adenocarcinoma pulmonar sólido primário em cão / Primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog

Background: In veterinary medicine, although primary lung tumors are rare compared to metastatic malignant neoplasms,an increase in the number of primary lung tumors in dogs has been reported in the past decades. Consequently, identifyingepidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of these neoplasms is essential for early and precise diagnosis. Thispaper aimed to report a case of a non-metastatic primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog and review the clinical,pathological, and immunohistochemical aspects of this neoplasm.Case: An 8-year-old female Cocker Spaniel was admitted to the Small Animals Veterinary Hospital of the Rural FederalUniversity of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with a history of progressive weight loss and clinical dyspnea. Physical examinationrevealed the following: body temperature, 38.7ºC; capillary refill time, one second; heart rate, 104 beats/min; respiratoryrate, 40 breaths/min; pallor mucosa; blood glucose, 133 mg/dL; and body score, 2 (1-9). A thoracic radiograph revealeda diffuse radiopaque pattern of the pulmonary parenchyma, pleural effusion, and a large mass that extended through bothhemithoraces. An ultrasound-guided cytological examination was performed and displayed moderate cellularity in a bloodybackground. Cells presented distinct cell borders, large bluish cytoplasm, round hyperchromatic or vesicular nuclei, andevident nucleoli. Three months after the first clinical consultation, the dog’s state kept deteriorating and the owner optedfor the euthanasia. Autopsy of the lungs showed multiple, poorly defined, coalescent nodules with an average size of20.0×15.0×10.0 cm. The nodules occupied roughly 70% of the pulmonary...

Adenocarcinoma pulmonar sólido primário em cão / Primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog

Background: In veterinary medicine, although primary lung tumors are rare compared to metastatic malignant neoplasms,an increase in the number of primary lung tumors in dogs has been reported in the past decades. Consequently, identifyingepidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of these neoplasms is essential for early and precise diagnosis. Thispaper aimed to report a case of a non-metastatic primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog and review the clinical,pathological, and immunohistochemical aspects of this neoplasm.Case: An 8-year-old female Cocker Spaniel was admitted to the Small Animals Veterinary Hospital of the Rural FederalUniversity of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with a history of progressive weight loss and clinical dyspnea. Physical examinationrevealed the following: body temperature, 38.7ºC; capillary refill time, one second; heart rate, 104 beats/min; respiratoryrate, 40 breaths/min; pallor mucosa; blood glucose, 133 mg/dL; and body score, 2 (1-9). A thoracic radiograph revealeda diffuse radiopaque pattern of the pulmonary parenchyma, pleural effusion, and a large mass that extended through bothhemithoraces. An ultrasound-guided cytological examination was performed and displayed moderate cellularity in a bloodybackground. Cells presented distinct cell borders, large bluish cytoplasm, round hyperchromatic or vesicular nuclei, andevident nucleoli. Three months after the first clinical consultation, the dogs state kept deteriorating and the owner optedfor the euthanasia. Autopsy of the lungs showed multiple, poorly defined, coalescent nodules with an average size of20.0×15.0×10.0 cm. The nodules occupied roughly 70% of the pulmonary...(AU)

Cholangiocarcinoma in young cats

Background: Cholangiocellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs mainly in elderly dogs and cats. Primaryhepatobiliary neoplasms are considered rare in felines, although cholangiocarcinoma is the most common tumor typeamong malignant liver tumors in the species. The objective of this work is to report two cases of cholangiocarcinoma inyoung domestic cats, with three years old, and to approach clinical and pathological aspects to promote awareness of thistype of injury in young animals, with a focus on prevention of predisposing factors.Cases: A 3-year-old male domestic cat (cat 1) had a history of progressive weight loss, persistent vomiting, diarrhea,and episodes of seizure. At the clinical examination was noted moderate degree of jaundice. In the biochemical exams itwas verified as alteration hypoproteinemia, increase of urea and hyponatremia. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed aformation in the left epigastric region measuring 8.0 x 5.0 cm, with a diffusely heterogeneous parenchyma, suggestive ofhepatic neoplasia, in addition to the presence of free abdominal fluid. Cavity fluid analysis was suggestive of carcinoma.A 3-year-old male domestic cat (cat 2), with history of hyporexia, emaciation and vomiting was taken to care. Physicalexamination showed moderate dehydration, hypocorous mucosa and presence of abdominal mass on palpation. The animal’s serum biochemical assessment were verified as changes, increasing AST. Ultrasonographic examination showedan abdominal mass, located caudally to the spleen, with irregular shape, measuring approximately 4.7 cm suggestive ofhepatic neoplasia, in addition to the presence of abdominal fluid. The hepatic cytology performed by fine needle aspiration was suggestive of carcinoma. After the clinical worsening of two cats and due unfavorable prognosis, euthanasia andnecropsy were performed. In the macroscopic...

Metastatic peripheral neuroblastoma in a dog

Background: Peripheral neuroblast neoplasms are considered as a group of tumors derived from primitive cells of the neuralcrest that are progenitors of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Reports of neuroblastoma in dogs are scarcein English literature, and there are no reports from Brazil due to its rare occurrence or missed diagnosis, because moderntechniques are often not accessible in Brazil. The aim of the present study was reported a case of metastatic peripheralneuroblastoma in a 10-month-old bitch of Canadian Shepherd breed.Case: A 10-month-old female dog, Canadian Shepherd breed, presenting prostration, inappetence, emesis, progressiveweight loss, and difficulties in the locomotion of the pelvic limbs was brought to the Small Animal Veterinary Hospital ofthe Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (HVPA / UFRRJ) for treatment. Palpation of the abdominal cavity revealeda mass of approximately 14.0-cm diameter in the thoracolumbar region. After the second visit to HVPA/ UFRRJ, therewas worsening of the clinical condition and onset of pain and dyspnea; hence, euthanasia was performed. The dog wasreferred for necropsy; the examination revealed a mass measuring 40.0 × 35.0 cm in the abdominal cavity that causeddisplacement of the intestines and compressed the liver against the diaphragm, as well as another mass that traversed thediaphragm through the esophageal hiatus and surrounded the esophagus, aorta, and caudal vena cava. The right adrenalgland was compressed and adhered to the mass, and the left adrenal gland was not visualized. Specimens of variousorgans were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed according to routine histological technique. Immunohistochemical examination performed on mass specimens revealed positivity for the...

Cholangiocarcinoma in young cats

Background: Cholangiocellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs mainly in elderly dogs and cats. Primaryhepatobiliary neoplasms are considered rare in felines, although cholangiocarcinoma is the most common tumor typeamong malignant liver tumors in the species. The objective of this work is to report two cases of cholangiocarcinoma inyoung domestic cats, with three years old, and to approach clinical and pathological aspects to promote awareness of thistype of injury in young animals, with a focus on prevention of predisposing factors.Cases: A 3-year-old male domestic cat (cat 1) had a history of progressive weight loss, persistent vomiting, diarrhea,and episodes of seizure. At the clinical examination was noted moderate degree of jaundice. In the biochemical exams itwas verified as alteration hypoproteinemia, increase of urea and hyponatremia. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed aformation in the left epigastric region measuring 8.0 x 5.0 cm, with a diffusely heterogeneous parenchyma, suggestive ofhepatic neoplasia, in addition to the presence of free abdominal fluid. Cavity fluid analysis was suggestive of carcinoma.A 3-year-old male domestic cat (cat 2), with history of hyporexia, emaciation and vomiting was taken to care. Physicalexamination showed moderate dehydration, hypocorous mucosa and presence of abdominal mass on palpation. The animals serum biochemical assessment were verified as changes, increasing AST. Ultrasonographic examination showedan abdominal mass, located caudally to the spleen, with irregular shape, measuring approximately 4.7 cm suggestive ofhepatic neoplasia, in addition to the presence of abdominal fluid. The hepatic cytology performed by fine needle aspiration was suggestive of carcinoma. After the clinical worsening of two cats and due unfavorable prognosis, euthanasia andnecropsy were performed. In the macroscopic...(AU)

Metastatic peripheral neuroblastoma in a dog

Background: Peripheral neuroblast neoplasms are considered as a group of tumors derived from primitive cells of the neuralcrest that are progenitors of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Reports of neuroblastoma in dogs are scarcein English literature, and there are no reports from Brazil due to its rare occurrence or missed diagnosis, because moderntechniques are often not accessible in Brazil. The aim of the present study was reported a case of metastatic peripheralneuroblastoma in a 10-month-old bitch of Canadian Shepherd breed.Case: A 10-month-old female dog, Canadian Shepherd breed, presenting prostration, inappetence, emesis, progressiveweight loss, and difficulties in the locomotion of the pelvic limbs was brought to the Small Animal Veterinary Hospital ofthe Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (HVPA / UFRRJ) for treatment. Palpation of the abdominal cavity revealeda mass of approximately 14.0-cm diameter in the thoracolumbar region. After the second visit to HVPA/ UFRRJ, therewas worsening of the clinical condition and onset of pain and dyspnea; hence, euthanasia was performed. The dog wasreferred for necropsy; the examination revealed a mass measuring 40.0 × 35.0 cm in the abdominal cavity that causeddisplacement of the intestines and compressed the liver against the diaphragm, as well as another mass that traversed thediaphragm through the esophageal hiatus and surrounded the esophagus, aorta, and caudal vena cava. The right adrenalgland was compressed and adhered to the mass, and the left adrenal gland was not visualized. Specimens of variousorgans were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed according to routine histological technique. Immunohistochemical examination performed on mass specimens revealed positivity for the...(AU)

Hemangiossarcoma metastático em uma vaca / Metastatic hemangiosarcoma in a cow

Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial cells that mainly affects dogs and is less common in horses, cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep. In ruminants, however, few cases of hemangiosarcoma have been reported. Although this neoplasm may primarily occur in any tissue, it most often originates in the spleen, liver, heart, and skin. This study reports the clinical and pathological findings of a bovine hemangiosarcoma.Case: A 10-year-old lactating Girolando cow from the municipality of Vassouras/RJ was examinated because of uncontrolled cough and bilateral hemoptysis, loss of appetite, fever, weight loss, severe decline in milk production (a decrease of 28 L), and respiratory wheezing during chest auscultation. We performed a necropsy and collected fragments of various organs which were fixed using 10% buffered formalin and sent to the Pathology Anatomy Sector (SAP) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) for routine histological assessment. Macroscopically, large hemorrhagic areas were observed in the lungs, mainly in the cranioventral portion of the pulmonary lobes, multifocal areas of hemorrhages in the liver, and a 10x8x5 cm soft red mass was observed in the spleen. Microscopically, was observed lung proliferation of endothelial cells arranged in tapes, supported by a collagenous stroma associated with severe multifocal lobular hemorrhage with a large number of siderophages and diffuse and marked edema, and congestion. In the mediastinal lymph node, liver, and spleen, the proliferation of neoplastic endothelial cells equivalent to those described in the lungs was observed. The histological sections of liver and tumor spleen were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for von Willebrand factor, in which marking was observed in neoplastic endothelial cells.[...]

Hemangiossarcoma metastático em uma vaca / Metastatic hemangiosarcoma in a cow

Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial cells that mainly affects dogs and is less common in horses, cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep. In ruminants, however, few cases of hemangiosarcoma have been reported. Although this neoplasm may primarily occur in any tissue, it most often originates in the spleen, liver, heart, and skin. This study reports the clinical and pathological findings of a bovine hemangiosarcoma.Case: A 10-year-old lactating Girolando cow from the municipality of Vassouras/RJ was examinated because of uncontrolled cough and bilateral hemoptysis, loss of appetite, fever, weight loss, severe decline in milk production (a decrease of 28 L), and respiratory wheezing during chest auscultation. We performed a necropsy and collected fragments of various organs which were fixed using 10% buffered formalin and sent to the Pathology Anatomy Sector (SAP) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) for routine histological assessment. Macroscopically, large hemorrhagic areas were observed in the lungs, mainly in the cranioventral portion of the pulmonary lobes, multifocal areas of hemorrhages in the liver, and a 10x8x5 cm soft red mass was observed in the spleen. Microscopically, was observed lung proliferation of endothelial cells arranged in tapes, supported by a collagenous stroma associated with severe multifocal lobular hemorrhage with a large number of siderophages and diffuse and marked edema, and congestion. In the mediastinal lymph node, liver, and spleen, the proliferation of neoplastic endothelial cells equivalent to those described in the lungs was observed. The histological sections of liver and tumor spleen were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for von Willebrand factor, in which marking was observed in neoplastic endothelial cells.[...](AU)

Criptococose intestinal em um cão: relato de caso / Intestinal cryptococcosis in a dog: a case report

A criptococose é uma micose sistêmica que em cães frequentemente está envolvida com lesões nos sistemas respiratório e nervoso central. O acometimento do sistema gastrointestinal por este fungo é considerada rara. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de criptococose intestinal em um cão, macho, da raça Boxer, de quatro anos, com histórico de êmese e diarreia sanguinolenta há cinco dias. Ao exame físico foi constatado dor abdominal e estrutura firme em região mesogástrica. Após realização de exame ultrassonográfico sugestivo de intussuscepção, realizou-se a celiotomia exploratória, e foi visualizada uma lesão nodular de 5 cm na parede do jejuno, retirada por enterectomia. O fragmento intestinal contendo a lesão foi encaminhado para análise histopatológica. Na macroscopia, a massa apresentava aspecto gelatinoso aos cortes, com superfície de corte compacta e tonalidade creme. No exame histopatológico, observou-se acentuada quantidade de estruturas leveduriformes, redondas ou ovoides, circundada por espessa cápsula, e discreto e difuso processo inflamatório mononuclear. A coloração pelo ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS) ajudou a confirmar a infecção pelo fungo do gênero Cryptococcus. Não foi possível dar continuidade ao caso, uma vez que o proprietário não retornou mais ao atendimento. Sugere-se que a porta de entrada da criptococose neste estudo, tenha sido através da ingestão da levedura desidratada, ou pela entrada do agente na extensa ulceração em jejuno, já que o mesmo pode ser encontrado em intestino delgado de cães saudáveis e de cães com enteropatia crônica. Conclui-se que, apesar da criptococose intestinal em cães ser considerada rara, recomenda-se a inclusão nos diagnósticos diferenciais de lesões que acometem os segmentos intestinais sem o envolvimento clínico de demais sistemas.(AU)

Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis and is often associated with lesions in the respiratory and central nervous systems in dogs. However, the involvement of the gastrointestinal system in this fungal infection is rare. This study reports a case of intestinal cryptococcosis in a 4-year-old male Boxer dog with a history of emesis and bloody diarrhea for five days. His physical examination revealed abdominal pain and a firm structure in the mesogastric region. After an ultrasound examination suggested intussusception, exploratory celiotomy was performed, and a 5 cm mass was visualized on the wall of the jejunum, which was subsequently removed by an enterectomy and sent for histopathological analysis. Macroscopically, the mass presented a gelatinous aspect, with a compact cut surface and cream shade. On histopathological examination, multiple leveduriform structures, round or ovoid, surrounded by a thick capsule, and discrete, diffuse mononuclear inflammatory processes were observed. Schiffs periodic acid staining confirmed the infection with a fungus of the genus Cryptococcus. It was not possible to continue the investigation because the owner did not return to the service. It is suggested that the entry point of cryptococcosis was through the ingestion of dehydrated yeast or through extensive jejunal ulceration, as it can be found in the small intestine of both healthy dogs and those with chronic enteropathy. Therefore, although intestinal cryptococcosis in dogs is rare, it is recommended to include it as a differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal lesions without the clinical involvement of other systems.(AU)

Leiomyosarcoma of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in a nellore cow

Background: Leyomiosarcomas are uncommon malignant smooth muscle tumors of hollow organs. Bovine leyomiosarcomas have been described in several sites, but smooth muscle tumors that arise from the skin are rare in domestic animals. These neoplasms may show variable histologic features depending on their grade of differentiation; therefore, diagnostic tools as special stain, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry are essential for the definitive diagnosis. Due to the lack of reports of skin leyomiosarcomas in cattle, we described the occurrence of a leyomiosarcoma in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of a Nellore cow. Case: A 10-year-old Zebu Nellore cow was admitted at the Veterinary Diagnosis Center (CEDIVET) of Pará Federal University (UFPA), Brazil, to investigate a tumor on the hip. At clinical examination the cow showed a decreased appetite and weight loss. Due to the bad prognosis the veterinarian recommended euthanasia. Representative tissue samples were submitted for histopathological and immunohistochemistry evaluation at the Department of Pathology of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). The slides were stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Masson’s trichrome and Van Gieson stains and submitted for immunohistochemistry with primary antibodies vimentin, troponin C, smooth muscle alpha actin and desmin. Grossly, the tumor appeared as a multilobular, ulcerated and firm 30 cm diameter mass with black and hemorrhagic areas on the surface. The mass was scattered throughout the subcutaneous tissue and infiltrated the adjacent muscle. On light microscopy, the neoplasm consisted of a non-encapsulated proliferation into the derma, composed of highly pleomorphic spindle to round cells arranged in broad interlacing fascicles and small islands. Metastatic lesions were found in the lungs and local lymph nodes. Masson’s trichrome stain revealed collagen production and Van Gieson stains was inconsistent...

Leiomyosarcoma of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in a nellore cow

Background: Leyomiosarcomas are uncommon malignant smooth muscle tumors of hollow organs. Bovine leyomiosarcomas have been described in several sites, but smooth muscle tumors that arise from the skin are rare in domestic animals. These neoplasms may show variable histologic features depending on their grade of differentiation; therefore, diagnostic tools as special stain, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry are essential for the definitive diagnosis. Due to the lack of reports of skin leyomiosarcomas in cattle, we described the occurrence of a leyomiosarcoma in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of a Nellore cow. Case: A 10-year-old Zebu Nellore cow was admitted at the Veterinary Diagnosis Center (CEDIVET) of Pará Federal University (UFPA), Brazil, to investigate a tumor on the hip. At clinical examination the cow showed a decreased appetite and weight loss. Due to the bad prognosis the veterinarian recommended euthanasia. Representative tissue samples were submitted for histopathological and immunohistochemistry evaluation at the Department of Pathology of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). The slides were stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Massons trichrome and Van Gieson stains and submitted for immunohistochemistry with primary antibodies vimentin, troponin C, smooth muscle alpha actin and desmin. Grossly, the tumor appeared as a multilobular, ulcerated and firm 30 cm diameter mass with black and hemorrhagic areas on the surface. The mass was scattered throughout the subcutaneous tissue and infiltrated the adjacent muscle. On light microscopy, the neoplasm consisted of a non-encapsulated proliferation into the derma, composed of highly pleomorphic spindle to round cells arranged in broad interlacing fascicles and small islands. Metastatic lesions were found in the lungs and local lymph nodes. Massons trichrome stain revealed collagen production and Van Gieson stains was inconsistent...(AU)

Dermatosparaxia em um ovino: achados clínicos, anatomopatológicos e moleculares / Dermatosparaxis in a sheep: clinical, anatomopathological, and molecular findings

Background: Dermatosparaxis is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that affects the connective tissue of animals. Collagen proteins form fibrillar structures that provide strength and structure to the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs in the body. Therefore, changes in collagen synthesis result in hyperextensibility and skin fragility. Similar to dermatosparaxis in animals, some cases of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIC have been reported in humans. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, anatomopathological, and molecular findings of a case of dermatosparaxis in a sheep bred by crossing the Santa Inês and White Dorper breeds. Case: A case of dermatosparaxis was reported in a 20-day-old female sheep, a cross between the Santa Inês and White Dorper breeds. The sheep exhibited hyperextensibility of the skin with minimal tension and increased joint volume shortly after birth. Because of clinical worsening and the poor prognosis of the disease, the owners opted for euthanasia. The necropsy revealed large ulcerated areas in several parts of the body, including the cervical, sternal, scapular, and thoracic regions, and the inner and outer thighs. The skin was extremely easy to be removed during the necropsy and the use of a scalpel was not necessary. Extensive areas of hemorrhage were observed in the subcutaneous tissue and small intestine. The histopathological findings of the skin lesions evidenced the presence of dermatosparaxis, particularly regarding the disorganization of collagen fibers. The tests involving Masson’s trichrome staining, picrosirius red staining, and Gomori’s trichrome staining under polarized light evidence of collagen fiber dysplasia.Discussion: The diagnosis of dermatosparaxis in this study was based on clinical, anatomopathological, and molecular analysis. Molecular diagnosis was confirmed by identification of SNP c.421G>T on the ADAMTS2 gene in both the mother and the sheep under study...

Dermatosparaxia em um ovino: achados clínicos, anatomopatológicos e moleculares / Dermatosparaxis in a sheep: clinical, anatomopathological, and molecular findings

Background: Dermatosparaxis is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that affects the connective tissue of animals. Collagen proteins form fibrillar structures that provide strength and structure to the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs in the body. Therefore, changes in collagen synthesis result in hyperextensibility and skin fragility. Similar to dermatosparaxis in animals, some cases of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIC have been reported in humans. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, anatomopathological, and molecular findings of a case of dermatosparaxis in a sheep bred by crossing the Santa Inês and White Dorper breeds. Case: A case of dermatosparaxis was reported in a 20-day-old female sheep, a cross between the Santa Inês and White Dorper breeds. The sheep exhibited hyperextensibility of the skin with minimal tension and increased joint volume shortly after birth. Because of clinical worsening and the poor prognosis of the disease, the owners opted for euthanasia. The necropsy revealed large ulcerated areas in several parts of the body, including the cervical, sternal, scapular, and thoracic regions, and the inner and outer thighs. The skin was extremely easy to be removed during the necropsy and the use of a scalpel was not necessary. Extensive areas of hemorrhage were observed in the subcutaneous tissue and small intestine. The histopathological findings of the skin lesions evidenced the presence of dermatosparaxis, particularly regarding the disorganization of collagen fibers. The tests involving Massons trichrome staining, picrosirius red staining, and Gomoris trichrome staining under polarized light evidence of collagen fiber dysplasia.Discussion: The diagnosis of dermatosparaxis in this study was based on clinical, anatomopathological, and molecular analysis. Molecular diagnosis was confirmed by identification of SNP c.421G>T on the ADAMTS2 gene in both the mother and the sheep under study...(AU)

Dominância entre as artérias coronárias em bovinos mestiços / Dominance among the coronary arteries in crossbred bovines

O coração é irrigado pelas artérias coronárias, direita e esquerda. Elas ocupam os sulcos coronários, atrioventricular einterventriculares, apresentando diferenças na distribuição, e trajeto de acordo com a espécie. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificara dominância entre as artérias coronárias em bovinos. Trinta corações de bovinos de ambos os sexos foram analisados. Nasartérias coronárias e em seus ramos principais, injetou-se Petrolátex S-65 corado e os corações foram imersos e conservadosem cubas contendo solução de formaldeído a 10% por sete dias. As artérias coronárias e seus ramos foram dissecados até asramificações visíveis. A artéria coronária esquerda se originou diretamente da aorta em 100% dos corações em ambos os sexos.Originavam-se desta artéria o ramo interventricular paraconal e o ramo circunflexo esquerdo em 100% dos corações em ambosos sexos. O ramo interventricular subsinuoso se originou do ramo circunflexo esquerdo em 100% dos corações investigados emambos os sexos. A média do comprimento em centímetros (cm) do ramo interventricular paraconal foi 15,50 ± 0,57 nos machos e15,44 ± 0,60 nas fêmeas. A média do comprimento em centímetros (cm) do ramo circunflexo esquerdo foi 11,91 ± 0,43 nos machose 11,65 ± 0,48 nas fêmeas. Os principais ramos da artéria coronária esquerda (ramo interventricular paraconal, ramo circunflexoesquerdo e ramo interventricular subsinuoso) totalizaram 85,5% considerando todos os corações estudados, de machos e fêmeas,e a artéria coronária direita emitiu 14,5% dos ramos em todos os corações estudados.(AU)

The heart is irrigated by the right and left coronary arteries. These vessels occupy the atrioventricular and interventricular coronarygrooves, showing differences in the distribution and path according to the species. The aim of this study was to verify the dominanceof the coronary arteries in cattle. Thirty hearts of bovines, of both sexes, were fixed in 10% formalin and the coronary arteries werecannulated and filled with stained latex S-65. Afterwards they were immersed and stored in vats containing 10% formaldehydesolution for seven days. The coronary arteries and their branches were dissected until the visible ramifications. The left coronaryartery originated directly from the aorta in 100% of hearts in both sexes. This artery originated the paraconal interventricularbranch and left circumflex branch in 100% of hearts in both sexes The left circumflex branch originated the Interventricular branchsubsinuous in 100% of hearts investigated in both sexes. The mean and standard deviation of the length of the interventricularparaconal branch in centimeters (cm) was 15.50 ± 0.57 in males and 15.44 ± 0.60 in females. The mean and standard deviationof the left circumflex branch length in centimeters (cm) was 11.91 ± 0.43 in males and 11.65 ± 0.48 in females. The main branchesof the left coronary artery totaled 85.5%, considering all samples, and the right coronary artery issued 14.5% of the branches inall hearts studied.(AU)