Evaluation of minimum ripening time of artisanal mountain cheese from Santa Catarina prior to selling / Avaliação do período mínimo de maturação para comercialização do queijo artesanal serrano de Santa Catarina

Artisanal mountain cheese (queijo artesanal serrano; AMS) is produced from raw milk, which makes it a suitable medium for the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms. The ripening process involves physical, chemical and microbiological factors unfavorable to pathogen development. For this reason, the Brazilian legislation requires a minimum ripening time of 60 days. However, according to Normative Instruction (NI) no 30, of August 7, 2013, and Decree no. 9.013, of March 29, 2017, this time can be reduced provided that scientific studies show that there is no alteration in the safety of the product. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of AMS in 19 cheese factories in the Serra Catarinense region, at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of ripening, and to determine which period would meet the microbiological limits. A total of 76 samples of AMS, 19 samples of water and 19 samples of raw milk were studied. The microorganisms were investigated following Ordinance no. 146, of March 7, 1996. The investigation and count of coliforms at 30 °C, E. coli and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus followed protocols by Silva et al. (2010), using Petrifilm™. The investigation of Salmonella spp. followed Silva et al. (2010), whereas the investigation of Listeria monocytogenese and count of mesophilic aerobes followed NI no. 30, of June 26, 2018. Water potability was evaluated by the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique, in accordance with NI no. 30/2018 and Consolidation Ordinance no. 5, of September 28, 2017. Results were tested by Analysis of Variance and Linear Regression using the SAS statistical package with significance determined at p < 0.05. No safe ripening period for sale could be determined. At 35 days of ripening, 14 farms still showed counts above the limit for the microorganisms described in the legislation. On one of the farms, the presence of L. monocytogenes was detected in the four evaluated periods, demonstrating that ripening was not efficient to eliminate the pathogen. The microbiological quality of the milk was not satisfactory, with 63.16% of the samples not conforming to the standards. As regards the potability of the water used in the cheese factories, 52.63% of the analyzed samples showed unsatisfactory results. The research revealed heterogeneity in the hygienic-sanitary standards adopted by the cheese factories, indicating that there is a need for training in Good Agricultural Practices and Good Manufacturing Practices, support from institutions, periodic inspection and commitment of producers to standardize the process.(AU)

O queijo artesanal serrano (QAS) é produzido a partir de leite cru, tornando-se um meio propício para a multiplicação de micro-organismos patogênicos. O processo de maturação envolve fatores físicos, químicos e microbiológicos que desfavorecem o desenvolvimento de patógenos. Diante disso, a legislação exige um período mínimo de 60 dias de maturação, porém, de acordo com a IN nº 30, de 7 de agosto de 2013 e com o Decreto nº 9.013, de 29 de março de 2017, pode-se considerar a possibilidade de reduzir esse tempo, desde que estudos científicos comprovem que não há alteração da inocuidade do produto. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de QAS, em 19 queijarias da Serra Catarinense, com 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias de maturação e verificar qual período atenderia aos limites microbiológicos. Foram objetos de estudo 76 amostras de QAS, 19 amostras de água e 19 amostras de leite cru. Os micro-organismos pesquisados seguiram a Portaria nº 146, de 07 de março de 1996. A pesquisa e quantificação de coliformes a 30°C, E. coli e Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva, seguiram protocolos de Silva et al. (2010), utilizando Petrifilm™. A pesquisa de Salmonella spp. seguiu Silva et al. (2010) e a pesquisa de Listeria monocytogenese e a quantificação de aeróbios mesófilos seguiram a Instrução Normativa nº 30, de 26 de junho de 2018. Para avaliação da potabilidade da água foi realizada a técnica do Número Mais Provável (NMP), seguindo a IN nº 30/2018 e a Portaria de Consolidação nº 5, de 28 de setembro de 2017. Os resultados passaram por teste de Análise de Variância e Regressão Linear do pacote estatístico SAS com significância (p < 0.05). Nesse estudo, não foi possível determinar um período de maturação seguro para comercialização. Aos 35 dias de maturação, 14 propriedades ainda apresentaram quantificações acima do limite para os micro-organismos descritos na legislação. Em uma das propriedades, foi detectada a presença de L. monocytogenes nos quatro períodos avaliados, demonstrando que a maturação não foi eficiente para eliminar o patógeno. A qualidade microbiológica do leite não foi satisfatória, sendo que 63,16% das amostras estavam fora dos padrões. Com relação à potabilidade da água das queijarias, 52,63% das amostras analisadas apresentaram resultados insatisfatórios. A pesquisa indicou heterogeneidade nos padrões higiênico-sanitários das queijarias, demonstrando que são necessárias capacitações em Boas Práticas Agropecuárias e Boas Práticas de Fabricação, apoio de instituições, fiscalização periódica e comprometimento dos produtores para padronização do processo.(AU)

Detection of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk and artisanal cheese in Southern Brazil / Detecção de genes de virulência e perfis de resistência antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli isoladas de leite cru e queijo artesanal no Sul do Brasil

The serrano artisanal cheese is a typical product from South region of Brazil, which is produced by skilled cheesemakers using raw milk. The contamination of this food by Escherichia coli has a great impact on public health, since it could threat the consumers health. The study evaluated the presence of virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and bofilm-production ability of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from raw milk and artisanal cheese produced in Southern Brazil. A total of 117 isolates of E. coli were characterized by multiplex PCR to detect the following virulence genes: eae for enteropatogenic E. coli (EPEC), lt and st for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), stx for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), stx and eae for enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), ipaH for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and aggR for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility profile to 22 antimicrobial agents was also performed by disk diffusion method, and we searched for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemase- producing isolates. Isolates that were positive for ESBL and carbapenemase were further investigated for the presence of the genes: bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA), bla(CTX-M), for ESBL and bla(OXA-48) for carbapenemase. Further, isolates had their ability to form biofilms investigated by the red Congo agar method. Virulence genes of E. coli were identified in 21.37% of the tested isolates, which were classified as EPEC (the most prevalent pathotype) and ETEC or EAEC. Ten (8.55%) of the total studied E. coli isolates revealed a multidrug-resistant profile, since they were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes; whereas four isolates (3.42%) were classified as ESBL-producers and showed the presence of bla(TEM) gene. None of the isolates exhibited carbapenemase activity nor did they carry carbapenemase genes. From the total of E. coli isolates, 79 (67.52%) were considered potential biofilm...(AU)

O queijo artesanal serrano é um produto típico da região sul do Brasil e se caracteriza por ser produzido a partir de leite cru. A contaminação desse alimento por Escherichia coli assume grande relevância para a saúde pública, pois oferece risco a saúde dos consumidores. Esse estudo avaliou a presença de genes de virulência, os perfis de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e a capacidade de produção de biofilme de isolados de E. coli obtidos a partir de leite cru e queijo artesanal produzido no Sul do Brasil. Um total de 117 isolados de E. coli foram caracterizados por multiplex PCR para detecção dos seguintes genes de virulência: eae para E. coli enteropatogênica (EPEC), lt e st para E. coli enterotoxigênica (ETEC), stx para E. coli produtora da toxina shiga (STEC), stx e eae para E. coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC), ipaH para E. coli enteroinvasiva (EIEC) e aggR para E. coli enteroagregativa (EAEC). Adicionalmente, o perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana a 22 agentes antimicrobianos foi determinado pelo método de disco difusão e a busca de isolados produtores de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) e carbapenemase foram realizadas. Os isolados positivos para ESBL e carbapenemase foram investigados quanto a presença dos genes: bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA), bla(CTX-M) para ESBL e bla(OXA-48) para carbapenemase. Além disso, a potencial capacidade dos isolados de E. coli em produzir biofilme foi determinada pela técnica do ágar vermelho Congo. Os genes de virulência de E. coli foram identificados em 21,37% dos isolados testados, que foram classificados como EPEC (patótipo mais prevalente), ETEC ou EAEC. Dez (8,55%) isolados de E. coli apresentaram perfil de multirresistência, pois foram resistentes a três ou mais classes de antimicrobianos; enquanto que quatro isolados (3,42%) foram classificados como produtores de ESBL, sendo identificado o gene blaTEM. Nenhum isolado foi classificado como produtor de carbapenemase. Do total de...(AU)

Endocardite por Staphylococcus sp. em bovino e ovino causando osteoartrite e sepse como desfechos incomuns / Endocarditis by Staphylococcus sp. in cow and sheep leading to osteoarthritis and sepsis as unusual outcomes

Background: Endocarditis is one of the most important heart diseases in cattle and a rare disease in sheep. This illness could be caused by any bacteria when related to bacteremia, being Staphylococcus aureus one uncommon cause for this disorder in ruminants. The clinical sings at the early stages are unspecific and many cases are only diagnosed just at the final stages of the disease, resulting in heart insufficiency with bad prognosis. The aim of this study is to report two cases of endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus spp. leading to sepsis in a sheep and osteoarthritis in a cow, showing the importance of this bacteria in the pathogenesis of this disease.Cases: Case 1. A 8-month-old sheep, female, Texel showed lameness in the left thoracic limb, and even treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug had anorexia, locomotion difficulty and on the day before of death showed neurological sings, with less than one week of total clinical course. At necropsy, in the heart was observed thrombus in the tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves and pale areas in the myocardium. Multiples abscesses were observed in the lungs, liver and kidneys and infarcts in kidneys, spleen and brain. At the histopathology exam was observed in the tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves subacute endocarditis with intralesional coccoids bacteria Gram positives. There were multifocal fibrinonecrotic myocarditis, abscess in lung, liver and kidney with intralesional bacterial myriads. In kidneys, spleen and brain was observed thrombosis associated to multiple infarct areas. Samples of cardiac thrombus, heart, spleen, kidney and meningeal swabs were submitted for bacterial cultivation and was isolated Staphylococcus aureus in all samples, in pure culture. Case 2. A 2-year-old cow, female, mixed breed Angus and Charolais showed a wound in the distal part of the thoracic limb that was done topical treatment.[...](AU)

Endocardite por Staphylococcus sp. em bovino e ovino causando osteoartrite e sepse como desfechos incomuns / Endocarditis by Staphylococcus sp. in cow and sheep leading to osteoarthritis and sepsis as unusual outcomes

Background: Endocarditis is one of the most important heart diseases in cattle and a rare disease in sheep. This illness could be caused by any bacteria when related to bacteremia, being Staphylococcus aureus one uncommon cause for this disorder in ruminants. The clinical sings at the early stages are unspecific and many cases are only diagnosed just at the final stages of the disease, resulting in heart insufficiency with bad prognosis. The aim of this study is to report two cases of endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus spp. leading to sepsis in a sheep and osteoarthritis in a cow, showing the importance of this bacteria in the pathogenesis of this disease.Cases: Case 1. A 8-month-old sheep, female, Texel showed lameness in the left thoracic limb, and even treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug had anorexia, locomotion difficulty and on the day before of death showed neurological sings, with less than one week of total clinical course. At necropsy, in the heart was observed thrombus in the tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves and pale areas in the myocardium. Multiples abscesses were observed in the lungs, liver and kidneys and infarcts in kidneys, spleen and brain. At the histopathology exam was observed in the tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves subacute endocarditis with intralesional coccoids bacteria Gram positives. There were multifocal fibrinonecrotic myocarditis, abscess in lung, liver and kidney with intralesional bacterial myriads. In kidneys, spleen and brain was observed thrombosis associated to multiple infarct areas. Samples of cardiac thrombus, heart, spleen, kidney and meningeal swabs were submitted for bacterial cultivation and was isolated Staphylococcus aureus in all samples, in pure culture. Case 2. A 2-year-old cow, female, mixed breed Angus and Charolais showed a wound in the distal part of the thoracic limb that was done topical treatment.[...]

Ocorrência de Campylobacter spp. em carcaças resfriadas de frangos abatidos na região oeste de Santa Catarina / Ocurrence of Campylobacter spp. in chilled chicken carcasses slaughtered in the west region of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Background: The thermophilic bacteria of the genus Campylobacter are important agents of alimentary gastroenteritis, called campylobacteriosis. These microorganisms multiply in temperatures ranging from 25ºC to 46ºC, however, low temperatures are incompatible with their multiplication. For this reason, the seasons of the year may interfere with the level of contamination by Campylobacter sp. The main sources of transmission are contaminated meat and giblets from poultry during poorly conducted slaughter operations. The disease may present itself with a different range of forms of disease: from mild signs of gastrointestinal infection to more severe cases, such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Material, Methods & Results: Due to the great importance of western Santa Catarina to the poultry industry, it was necessary to verify the occurrence of the pathogen in cold carcasses of broilers slaughtered in this region, and its variation through the seasons of the year. From January 2013 to February 2015 broiler carcasses were collected weekly, after the water cooling process, in slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection of the three largest microregions of western Santa Catarina in terms of number of broilers slaughtered, totaling 808 samples. The assessment of thermophilic Campylobacter was performed according to the methodology recommended by ISO 10272-1: 2006. Of the 808 samples analyzed, the frequency of isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter was 1.82% (8/440) in microregion 1, 4.95% (10/202) in microregion 2 and 13.86% (23/166) in the microregion 3, totaling 5.07% of positive samples (41/808). Comparing the microregions, it was verified that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the isolation frequencies of microregions 1 and 2. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the isolation rates of Microregion 3 in relation to microregions 1 and 2.[...]

Ocorrência de Campylobacter spp. em carcaças resfriadas de frangos abatidos na região oeste de Santa Catarina / Ocurrence of Campylobacter spp. in chilled chicken carcasses slaughtered in the west region of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Background: The thermophilic bacteria of the genus Campylobacter are important agents of alimentary gastroenteritis, called campylobacteriosis. These microorganisms multiply in temperatures ranging from 25ºC to 46ºC, however, low temperatures are incompatible with their multiplication. For this reason, the seasons of the year may interfere with the level of contamination by Campylobacter sp. The main sources of transmission are contaminated meat and giblets from poultry during poorly conducted slaughter operations. The disease may present itself with a different range of forms of disease: from mild signs of gastrointestinal infection to more severe cases, such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Material, Methods & Results: Due to the great importance of western Santa Catarina to the poultry industry, it was necessary to verify the occurrence of the pathogen in cold carcasses of broilers slaughtered in this region, and its variation through the seasons of the year. From January 2013 to February 2015 broiler carcasses were collected weekly, after the water cooling process, in slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection of the three largest microregions of western Santa Catarina in terms of number of broilers slaughtered, totaling 808 samples. The assessment of thermophilic Campylobacter was performed according to the methodology recommended by ISO 10272-1: 2006. Of the 808 samples analyzed, the frequency of isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter was 1.82% (8/440) in microregion 1, 4.95% (10/202) in microregion 2 and 13.86% (23/166) in the microregion 3, totaling 5.07% of positive samples (41/808). Comparing the microregions, it was verified that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the isolation frequencies of microregions 1 and 2. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the isolation rates of Microregion 3 in relation to microregions 1 and 2.[...](AU)

Antimicrobial resistance phenotypic profile of isolates from clinical infections in dogs

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is described as a condition in which a micro-organism is able to survive when exposed to an antimicrobial agent. The resistance rates to antimicrobials in companion animals have risen considerably. Studies of local antimicrobial susceptibility profiles are needed as well as education and warning about the use of tests for the identification and susceptibility of pathogenic bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to identify the main antimicrobial resistance in clinical samples of dogs, and to detect multidrug-resistant strains of importance to public health.Materials, Methods & Results: Bacterial pathogens of 77 dog infections were isolated and their sensitivity profile to antimicrobials was determined. One hundred bacterial isolates were identified. Of these, 61 were Gram-positive (55 Staphylococcus spp., 4 Enterococcus spp. and 2 Streptococcus spp.) and 39 Gram-negative (36 fermenters and 3 non-fermenters). Seventy-nine isolates were considered multiresistant following individual assessment of drugs, and 85 following the evaluation of classes. Only 3 were sensitive to all drugs. Four isolates were resistant to all classes and only sensitive to some antibiotics. Of the 55 samples of Staphylococcus spp., 36 (65.45%) were identified as phenotypically MRS. Two isolates of Enterococcus spp. were resistant to vancomycin (VRE). Also 66.67% (26/39) of the samples were positive for the presumptive test for ESBL. For the MRS-positive isolates detected in this study, chloramphenicol was the antimicrobial that showed superior sensitivity in 74.29% of the cases (27/36); therefore it is considered the most appropriate for treatment of this type of micro-organism. In case of aminoglycosides, when their resistance was checked in MRS isolates, all resistance percentages increased, implying a limited use of this class for such a type of multi-resistant micro-organism.[...]

Antimicrobial resistance phenotypic profile of isolates from clinical infections in dogs

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is described as a condition in which a micro-organism is able to survive when exposed to an antimicrobial agent. The resistance rates to antimicrobials in companion animals have risen considerably. Studies of local antimicrobial susceptibility profiles are needed as well as education and warning about the use of tests for the identification and susceptibility of pathogenic bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to identify the main antimicrobial resistance in clinical samples of dogs, and to detect multidrug-resistant strains of importance to public health.Materials, Methods & Results: Bacterial pathogens of 77 dog infections were isolated and their sensitivity profile to antimicrobials was determined. One hundred bacterial isolates were identified. Of these, 61 were Gram-positive (55 Staphylococcus spp., 4 Enterococcus spp. and 2 Streptococcus spp.) and 39 Gram-negative (36 fermenters and 3 non-fermenters). Seventy-nine isolates were considered multiresistant following individual assessment of drugs, and 85 following the evaluation of classes. Only 3 were sensitive to all drugs. Four isolates were resistant to all classes and only sensitive to some antibiotics. Of the 55 samples of Staphylococcus spp., 36 (65.45%) were identified as phenotypically MRS. Two isolates of Enterococcus spp. were resistant to vancomycin (VRE). Also 66.67% (26/39) of the samples were positive for the presumptive test for ESBL. For the MRS-positive isolates detected in this study, chloramphenicol was the antimicrobial that showed superior sensitivity in 74.29% of the cases (27/36); therefore it is considered the most appropriate for treatment of this type of micro-organism. In case of aminoglycosides, when their resistance was checked in MRS isolates, all resistance percentages increased, implying a limited use of this class for such a type of multi-resistant micro-organism.[...](AU)

Quality and safety of artisan cheese produced in the serrana region of Santa Catarina / Qualidade e inocuidade de queijos artesanais produzidos na região serrana em Santa Catarina

The serrano artisan cheese produced from raw milk of dairy cattle is a typical product of high-altitude farms in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. However, marketing of the cheeses occurs illegally because they lack the minimum maturation period required for cheese produced from raw milk. The production of artisan cheeses is required to follow strict hygiene standards. This study aimed to test the quality and safety of cheeses that were produced in 31 farms of the Serrana region in Santa Catarina after 14 and 28 days of maturation. Coliform count was measured at 35 °C, and presence of other microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Listeria spp., and Salmonella spp. were also tested. Fat and protein percentages, acidity, salt content, and humidity were also evaluated. Data were subjected to statistical analyses using the SAS® software. After 14 and 28 days of maturation, 74.19% (23/31) and 64.52% (20/31) of samples, respectively, showed higher numbers of coliforms at 35 °C than those permissible by law. Higher than permissible numbers of E. coli were observed in 45.16% (14/31) and 48.39% (15/31) of the samples analyzed after 14 and 28 days of maturation, respectively. Coagulasepositive staphylococci values above 103 CFU/g were observed in 54.84% (17/31) and 51.61% (16/31) of cheese samples after 14 and 28 days of maturation, respectively. Contamination with Salmonella spp. was not detected. However, Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b was isolated in 3.23% (1/31) and 6.45% (2/31) of samples after 14 and 28 days of maturation, respectively. The results of humidity tests classified the cheese samples into three categories: low, medium, and high humidity. Semi fat cheeses were predominant in both maturation periods, although the samples were classified in thin, semi fat, and fat cheeses. The main variations in the compositions of analyzed samples occurred for salt and acidity levels.[...](AU)

O queijo artesanal serrano, produzido a partir de leite cru de bovinos, é um produto típico dos campos de altitude dos estados de Santa Catarina e do Rio Grande do Sul. No entanto, a sua comercialização na grande maioria ocorre às margens da legislação, por ser fabricado com leite cru e não possuir um período mínimo de maturação. Tendo em vista que a produção de queijos artesanais necessita seguir normas rigorosas de higiene, o presente estudo objetivou desenvolver um diagnóstico da qualidade e inocuidade dos queijos com 14 e 28 dias de maturação produzido em 31 propriedades da Serra Catarinense. Foram realizadas contagens de coliformes a 35°C, Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva; pesquisa de Salmonella sp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Os percentuais de gordura, acidez, sal, umidade e proteína também foram avaliados. Os dados foram submetidos as análises estatísticas realizadas no software SAS®. Após 14 e 28 dias de maturação, 74,19% (23/31) e 64,52% (20/31) das amostras de queijo analisadas, respectivamente, apresentaram limites acima do disposto para coliformes a 35 °C. Contagens de E. coli superiores ao aceitável foram observadas em 45,16% (14/31) e 48,39% (15/31) das amostras analisadas após 14 e 28 dias de maturação, respectivamente. Quanto à contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, 54,84% (17/31) e 51,61% (16/31) das amostras de queijos apresentaram após 14 e 28 dias de maturação valores acima de 103 UFC/g. Nenhuma das amostras avaliadas estava contaminada com Salmonella spp., porém Listeria monocytogenes sorovar 4b foi isolada em 3,23% (1/31) e em 6,45% (2/31) das amostras aos 14 e 28 dias de maturação, respectivamente. Em relação à umidade, os queijos foram classificados como de baixa, média e alta umidade. Em relação aos teores de gordura houve a predominância de queijos semigordos nos dois períodos de maturação, embora as amostras tenham sido enquadradas como queijos magros, semigordos e gordos. [...](AU)

Digestibility of wheat grain dual purpose, BRS Tarumã cultivar, produced in agroecological or conventional system for pigs / Digestibilidade do grão de trigo de duplo propósito, cultivar BRS Tarumã, produzido em sistema agroecológico ou convencional para suínos

Three experiments of the digestibility were carried out to determine the nutritional value, apparent digestibility and metabolizable coefficients and energy values for dual purpose wheat (BRS Tarumã) produced in agroecological or conventional system, for pigs in different stages (15, 45 and 75 kg of body weight -BW). Were used 15 barrows crossbreed of the commercial high-performance hybrids for each phase, allotted in three experimental groups, the first group received a diet specific to stage, called basaldiet (BD) the other groups received diet with 70% RR and 30% of dual-purpose wheat agroecological (Group 2) or conventional (Group 3). Were evaluated differences between the coefficients for each phase of the study. For the differences between phases were used descriptive analyzes. Production systems (conventional and agroecological) not affect the digestibility of wheat. The mean digestibility coefficients at 45 and 75 kg were higher. The digestible energy values were 3.25, 3.56 and 3.59 Mcal/kg for conventional and 3.14, 3.45 and 3.57 Mcal/kg for agroecological wheat for phases 15, 45 and 75 kg of BW, respectively. The use of wheat from the stage 45 kg showed better digestibility values, regardless of the production system.

Foram conduzidos três ensaios de digestibilidade para determinar o valor nutricional, os coeficientesde digestibilidade aparente e os teores de energia do trigo de duplo propósito (cultivar BRS Tarumã),produzido em sistema agroecológico ou convencional, para suínos em diferentes fases da criação (15,45 e 75 kg de peso vivo-PV). Foram utilizados 15 suínos machos castrados, híbridos comerciais dealto desempenho para cada fase, divididos em três grupos experimentais, o primeiro recebeu uma raçãoespecífica para a fase, denominada de ração referência (RR), os demais grupos receberam uma raçãoexperimental com 70% de RR e 30% de trigo de duplo propósito dos sistemas agroecológico (Grupo 2)ou convencional (Grupo 3). Foram testadas diferenças entre os coeficientes para cada fase do estudo. Paraas diferenças entre as fases foram realizadas análises descritivas das médias. Os sistemas de produção(convencional ou agroecológico) não alteraram os coeficientes de digestibilidade do trigo. As médiasdos coeficientes de digestibilidade aos 45 e 75 kg foram maiores. Os valores de energia digestívelforam de 3,25; 3,56 e 3,59 Mcal/kg para o trigo convencional e 3,14; 3,45 e 3,57 Mcal/kg para o trigoagroecológico, para as fases de 15, 45 e 75 kg de PV, respectivamente. A utilização do trigo a partir dafase de 45 kg apresentou melhores valores de digestibilidade, independente do sistema de produção.

Digestibility of wheat grain dual purpose, BRS Tarumã cultivar, produced in agroecological or conventional system for pigs / Digestibilidade do grão de trigo de duplo propósito, cultivar BRS Tarumã, produzido em sistema agroecológico ou convencional para suínos

Three experiments of the digestibility were carried out to determine the nutritional value, apparent digestibility and metabolizable coefficients and energy values for dual purpose wheat (BRS Tarumã) produced in agroecological or conventional system, for pigs in different stages (15, 45 and 75 kg of body weight -BW). Were used 15 barrows crossbreed of the commercial high-performance hybrids for each phase, allotted in three experimental groups, the first group received a diet specific to stage, called basaldiet (BD) the other groups received diet with 70% RR and 30% of dual-purpose wheat agroecological (Group 2) or conventional (Group 3). Were evaluated differences between the coefficients for each phase of the study. For the differences between phases were used descriptive analyzes. Production systems (conventional and agroecological) not affect the digestibility of wheat. The mean digestibility coefficients at 45 and 75 kg were higher. The digestible energy values were 3.25, 3.56 and 3.59 Mcal/kg for conventional and 3.14, 3.45 and 3.57 Mcal/kg for agroecological wheat for phases 15, 45 and 75 kg of BW, respectively. The use of wheat from the stage 45 kg showed better digestibility values, regardless of the production system.(AU)

Foram conduzidos três ensaios de digestibilidade para determinar o valor nutricional, os coeficientesde digestibilidade aparente e os teores de energia do trigo de duplo propósito (cultivar BRS Tarumã),produzido em sistema agroecológico ou convencional, para suínos em diferentes fases da criação (15,45 e 75 kg de peso vivo-PV). Foram utilizados 15 suínos machos castrados, híbridos comerciais dealto desempenho para cada fase, divididos em três grupos experimentais, o primeiro recebeu uma raçãoespecífica para a fase, denominada de ração referência (RR), os demais grupos receberam uma raçãoexperimental com 70% de RR e 30% de trigo de duplo propósito dos sistemas agroecológico (Grupo 2)ou convencional (Grupo 3). Foram testadas diferenças entre os coeficientes para cada fase do estudo. Paraas diferenças entre as fases foram realizadas análises descritivas das médias. Os sistemas de produção(convencional ou agroecológico) não alteraram os coeficientes de digestibilidade do trigo. As médiasdos coeficientes de digestibilidade aos 45 e 75 kg foram maiores. Os valores de energia digestívelforam de 3,25; 3,56 e 3,59 Mcal/kg para o trigo convencional e 3,14; 3,45 e 3,57 Mcal/kg para o trigoagroecológico, para as fases de 15, 45 e 75 kg de PV, respectivamente. A utilização do trigo a partir dafase de 45 kg apresentou melhores valores de digestibilidade, independente do sistema de produção.(AU)

Avaliação microbiológica e físico-química de pernis suínos tratados com ácidos orgânicos e/ou vapor no controle da contaminação superficial por Salmonella Typhimurium / Microbiological and physico-chemical evaluation of pork leg treated with organic acids and/or steam under pressure in the control of surface contamination by Salmonella Typhimurium

Suínos portadores assintomáticos são o principal fator de risco para a contaminação de carcaças durante o processamento industrial. Diferentes formas de prevenção e controle têm sido testadas no pós abate, dentre elas o uso de vapor e/ou ácidos orgânicos, que podem ser alternativas de baixo custo e alta eficiência. No presente estudo, testou-se o uso de solução de ácidos orgânicos e aplicação de vapor sob pressão, usados isoladamente ou em associação. Como poucas pesquisas trazem informações sobre o fato desses tratamentos promoverem ou não mudanças nas características físico-químicas da carne suína, o presente experimento se propôs também a avaliar as possíveis alterações físico-químicas de pernis submetidos a esses tratamentos. Porções de pernil foram contaminadas artificialmente com Salmonella Typhimurium DT 177 e, posteriormente, divididas em quatro tratamentos: imersão em solução fisiológica por 5 segundos (controle, T1); imersão em solução fisiológica acrescida de ácidos orgânicos 1000 ppm por 5 segundos (T2); aspersão de vapor sob pressão de 4 bar à temperatura de 140ºC (T3); e T3 seguido por T2 (T4). Após o tratamento, uma área de 100cm2 foi amostrada por meio de swab para quantificação da Salmonella residual pela técnica do número mais provável (NMP). Foram avaliados também o aspecto, coloração, consistência e odor, antes e após cada tratamento dos pernis, bem como análises físico-químicas visando à determinação do percentual de lipídeos, proteínas, pH, umidade e voláteis, também antes e após cada tratamento. Observou-se que o uso de vapor associado à imersão em solução de ácidos orgânicos a 1000 ppm apresentou melhor eficiência na redução das contaminações superficiais (100% de frequência de redução), porém a melhor eficácia foi observada através da redução de 0,8 log base 10 do NMP na pele e 0,77 log base 10 do NMP na musculatura através do uso de solução fisiológica (T1) e solução de ácidos orgânicos (T2), respectivamente. Os resultados [...].

Asymptomatic carrier pigs are the main risk factor for carcass contamination during the slaughter. Several post-slaughter prevention programs have been tested, such as organic acids and steam under pressure. These alternatives show low cost and high efficiency. This study tested the use of organic acid solutions and steam, in isolated tests and its associations. This experiment also evaluated the physical-chemistry features of the pork. Forty pork legs were contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium DT 177 and subsequently divided into 4 treatments: immersion in physiological solution for 5 seconds (control, T1); immersion in physiological solution with 1000 ppm of organic acids for 5 seconds (T2); sprinkling of steam under pressure (4 bar) at 140ºC (T3); and T2 after T3 (T4). An area of 100cm2 was sampled through superficial swabs for Salmonella counts by Most Probable Number method (MPN). Aspect, color, consistency, smell, and levels of fat, protein, pH, and moisture were also evaluated before and after each treatment. The use of steam associated to the immersion in organic acid solution showed better efficiency for reduction of superficial contamination (decreasing 100% of counts) but the better effectiveness was observed through the decreasing of 0.8 log of MPN at skin and 0.77 log of MPN at muscle by using the physiological solution (T1) and the organic acid solution (T2), respectively. The steam treatment associated with the organic acid solutions (T4) decreased the pH and increased moisture of pork legs, although it did not mischaracterize the quality (within required parameters for human consumption). All the other treatments did not change physical-chemistry fefatures.

Avaliação da inocuidade e qualidade microbiológica do queijo artesanal serrano e sua relação com as variáveis físico químicas e o período de maturação / Evaluation of the Safety and Quality of Microbiological Handmade Cheese Serrano and its Relation to Physical and Chemical Variables the Period of Maturity

Background: The handmade cheese serrano is a typical product created on small farms in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. Its main feature is to be manufactured from raw. Due to the physico-chemical phenomena that occur during maturation, this process is the only way to eliminate the pathogenic microorganisms that may be present contaminating the cheese. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of handmade cheeses by isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. and evaluate the microbiological quality through the isolation and quantification of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and total coliforms and relate the maturation time and variations physico-chemical with the contamination of handmade cheeses. Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was conducted using 108 samples of handmade cheese Serrano from the towns that make up the mountainous region of SC, with maturation periods of 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. In each of the stages of maturation were analyzed twenty seven samples of cheeses, for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes by the method USDA/2009 and Salmonella spp. methodology according to ISO 6579/2007. The identifi cation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and total coliform was performed in plates petrifilm™. Physicochemical analyzes consisted of determining moisture, acidity, fat and protein. In this study was evaluated a total of 108 samples, of these 63 (58.33%) were positive for total coliforms, 64 (59.26%) were positive for Escherichia coli and 36 (33.33%) showed counts of Staphylococcus aureus over 103 CFU / g. There was a decrease in the population of coliforms and Escherichia coli after 30 and 45 days of maturation, respectively. The enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus was not infl uenced by maturity period, however, there was a reduction in the count of this micro-organism from 15 to 45 days and after this period there was an increase in the population of the same. Salmonella spp. were not detected in any analyzed maturation periods. Listeria spp. were isolated in 21/108 (19.44%) of the samples analyzed, 18 (16.66%) were identified as Listeria innocua and three (2.77%) as Listeria monocytogenes. The isolation of Listeria spp. decreased from 30 days of ripening and Listeria monocytogenes isolated at 30 and 45 days of ripening. The physicochemical results found in this study are presented in a range of normal variation, the maturation period only influenced the fat content, where a significant decrease was observed from 15 to 30 days, and protein content which higher performed at the end of the period. Discussion: The presence of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed defi ciency in hygiene procedures during manufacturing or storage of the cheeses and the presence of Escherichia coli indicates fecal contamination of food, suggesting that other enteropathogens may be present. The presence of Listeria innocua suggests that Listeria monocytogenes may be present contaminating the product. Listeria monocytogenes makes handmade cheese unfit for human consumption. Thus, it was not possible to check a minimum maturation period of handmade cheese with no or low count of micro-organisms evaluated. The great variation in the composition of the cheeses analyzed demonstrates the lack of standardization in the production of handmade cheese.

Avaliação microbiológica e físico-química de pernis suínos tratados com ácidos orgânicos e/ou vapor no controle da contaminação superficial por Salmonella Typhimurium / Microbiological and physico-chemical evaluation of pork leg treated with organic acids and/or steam under pressure in the control of surface contamination by Salmonella Typhimurium

Suínos portadores assintomáticos são o principal fator de risco para a contaminação de carcaças durante o processamento industrial. Diferentes formas de prevenção e controle têm sido testadas no pós abate, dentre elas o uso de vapor e/ou ácidos orgânicos, que podem ser alternativas de baixo custo e alta eficiência. No presente estudo, testou-se o uso de solução de ácidos orgânicos e aplicação de vapor sob pressão, usados isoladamente ou em associação. Como poucas pesquisas trazem informações sobre o fato desses tratamentos promoverem ou não mudanças nas características físico-químicas da carne suína, o presente experimento se propôs também a avaliar as possíveis alterações físico-químicas de pernis submetidos a esses tratamentos. Porções de pernil foram contaminadas artificialmente com Salmonella Typhimurium DT 177 e, posteriormente, divididas em quatro tratamentos: imersão em solução fisiológica por 5 segundos (controle, T1); imersão em solução fisiológica acrescida de ácidos orgânicos 1000 ppm por 5 segundos (T2); aspersão de vapor sob pressão de 4 bar à temperatura de 140ºC (T3); e T3 seguido por T2 (T4). Após o tratamento, uma área de 100cm2 foi amostrada por meio de swab para quantificação da Salmonella residual pela técnica do número mais provável (NMP). Foram avaliados também o aspecto, coloração, consistência e odor, antes e após cada tratamento dos pernis, bem como análises físico-químicas visando à determinação do percentual de lipídeos, proteínas, pH, umidade e voláteis, também antes e após cada tratamento. Observou-se que o uso de vapor associado à imersão em solução de ácidos orgânicos a 1000 ppm apresentou melhor eficiência na redução das contaminações superficiais (100% de frequência de redução), porém a melhor eficácia foi observada através da redução de 0,8 log base 10 do NMP na pele e 0,77 log base 10 do NMP na musculatura através do uso de solução fisiológica (T1) e solução de ácidos orgânicos (T2), respectivamente. Os resultados [...].(AU)

Asymptomatic carrier pigs are the main risk factor for carcass contamination during the slaughter. Several post-slaughter prevention programs have been tested, such as organic acids and steam under pressure. These alternatives show low cost and high efficiency. This study tested the use of organic acid solutions and steam, in isolated tests and its associations. This experiment also evaluated the physical-chemistry features of the pork. Forty pork legs were contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium DT 177 and subsequently divided into 4 treatments: immersion in physiological solution for 5 seconds (control, T1); immersion in physiological solution with 1000 ppm of organic acids for 5 seconds (T2); sprinkling of steam under pressure (4 bar) at 140ºC (T3); and T2 after T3 (T4). An area of 100cm2 was sampled through superficial swabs for Salmonella counts by Most Probable Number method (MPN). Aspect, color, consistency, smell, and levels of fat, protein, pH, and moisture were also evaluated before and after each treatment. The use of steam associated to the immersion in organic acid solution showed better efficiency for reduction of superficial contamination (decreasing 100% of counts) but the better effectiveness was observed through the decreasing of 0.8 log of MPN at skin and 0.77 log of MPN at muscle by using the physiological solution (T1) and the organic acid solution (T2), respectively. The steam treatment associated with the organic acid solutions (T4) decreased the pH and increased moisture of pork legs, although it did not mischaracterize the quality (within required parameters for human consumption). All the other treatments did not change physical-chemistry fefatures.(AU)

Detection of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk and artisanal cheese in Southern Brazil / Detecção de genes de virulência e perfis de resistência antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli isoladas de leite cru e queijo artesanal no Sul do Brasil

The serrano artisanal cheese is a typical product from South region of Brazil, which is produced by skilled cheesemakers using raw milk. The contamination of this food by Escherichia coli has a great impact on public health, since it could threat the consumers health. The study evaluated the presence of virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and bofilm-production ability of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from raw milk and artisanal cheese produced in Southern Brazil. A total of 117 isolates of E. coli were characterized by multiplex PCR to detect the following virulence genes: eae for enteropatogenic E. coli (EPEC), lt and st for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), stx for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), stx and eae for enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), ipaH for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and aggR for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility profile to 22 antimicrobial agents was also performed by disk diffusion method, and we searched for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemase- producing isolates. Isolates that were positive for ESBL and carbapenemase were further investigated for the presence of the genes: bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA), bla(CTX-M), for ESBL and bla(OXA-48) for carbapenemase. Further, isolates had their ability to form biofilms investigated by the red Congo agar method. Virulence genes of E. coli were identified in 21.37% of the tested isolates, which were classified as EPEC (the most prevalent pathotype) and ETEC or EAEC. Ten (8.55%) of the total studied E. coli isolates revealed a multidrug-resistant profile, since they were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes; whereas four isolates (3.42%) were classified as ESBL-producers and showed the presence of bla(TEM) gene. None of the isolates exhibited carbapenemase activity nor did they carry carbapenemase genes. From the total of E. coli isolates, 79 (67.52%) were considered potential biofilm...

O queijo artesanal serrano é um produto típico da região sul do Brasil e se caracteriza por ser produzido a partir de leite cru. A contaminação desse alimento por Escherichia coli assume grande relevância para a saúde pública, pois oferece risco a saúde dos consumidores. Esse estudo avaliou a presença de genes de virulência, os perfis de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e a capacidade de produção de biofilme de isolados de E. coli obtidos a partir de leite cru e queijo artesanal produzido no Sul do Brasil. Um total de 117 isolados de E. coli foram caracterizados por multiplex PCR para detecção dos seguintes genes de virulência: eae para E. coli enteropatogênica (EPEC), lt e st para E. coli enterotoxigênica (ETEC), stx para E. coli produtora da toxina shiga (STEC), stx e eae para E. coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC), ipaH para E. coli enteroinvasiva (EIEC) e aggR para E. coli enteroagregativa (EAEC). Adicionalmente, o perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana a 22 agentes antimicrobianos foi determinado pelo método de disco difusão e a busca de isolados produtores de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) e carbapenemase foram realizadas. Os isolados positivos para ESBL e carbapenemase foram investigados quanto a presença dos genes: bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA), bla(CTX-M) para ESBL e bla(OXA-48) para carbapenemase. Além disso, a potencial capacidade dos isolados de E. coli em produzir biofilme foi determinada pela técnica do ágar vermelho Congo. Os genes de virulência de E. coli foram identificados em 21,37% dos isolados testados, que foram classificados como EPEC (patótipo mais prevalente), ETEC ou EAEC. Dez (8,55%) isolados de E. coli apresentaram perfil de multirresistência, pois foram resistentes a três ou mais classes de antimicrobianos; enquanto que quatro isolados (3,42%) foram classificados como produtores de ESBL, sendo identificado o gene blaTEM. Nenhum isolado foi classificado como produtor de carbapenemase. Do total de...

Quality and safety of artisan cheese produced in the serrana region of Santa Catarina / Qualidade e inocuidade de queijos artesanais produzidos na região serrana em Santa Catarina

The serrano artisan cheese produced from raw milk of dairy cattle is a typical product of high-altitude farms in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. However, marketing of the cheeses occurs illegally because they lack the minimum maturation period required for cheese produced from raw milk. The production of artisan cheeses is required to follow strict hygiene standards. This study aimed to test the quality and safety of cheeses that were produced in 31 farms of the Serrana region in Santa Catarina after 14 and 28 days of maturation. Coliform count was measured at 35 °C, and presence of other microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Listeria spp., and Salmonella spp. were also tested. Fat and protein percentages, acidity, salt content, and humidity were also evaluated. Data were subjected to statistical analyses using the SAS® software. After 14 and 28 days of maturation, 74.19% (23/31) and 64.52% (20/31) of samples, respectively, showed higher numbers of coliforms at 35 °C than those permissible by law. Higher than permissible numbers of E. coli were observed in 45.16% (14/31) and 48.39% (15/31) of the samples analyzed after 14 and 28 days of maturation, respectively. Coagulasepositive staphylococci values above 103 CFU/g were observed in 54.84% (17/31) and 51.61% (16/31) of cheese samples after 14 and 28 days of maturation, respectively. Contamination with Salmonella spp. was not detected. However, Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b was isolated in 3.23% (1/31) and 6.45% (2/31) of samples after 14 and 28 days of maturation, respectively. The results of humidity tests classified the cheese samples into three categories: low, medium, and high humidity. Semi fat cheeses were predominant in both maturation periods, although the samples were classified in thin, semi fat, and fat cheeses. The main variations in the compositions of analyzed samples occurred for salt and acidity levels.[...]

O queijo artesanal serrano, produzido a partir de leite cru de bovinos, é um produto típico dos campos de altitude dos estados de Santa Catarina e do Rio Grande do Sul. No entanto, a sua comercialização na grande maioria ocorre às margens da legislação, por ser fabricado com leite cru e não possuir um período mínimo de maturação. Tendo em vista que a produção de queijos artesanais necessita seguir normas rigorosas de higiene, o presente estudo objetivou desenvolver um diagnóstico da qualidade e inocuidade dos queijos com 14 e 28 dias de maturação produzido em 31 propriedades da Serra Catarinense. Foram realizadas contagens de coliformes a 35°C, Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva; pesquisa de Salmonella sp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Os percentuais de gordura, acidez, sal, umidade e proteína também foram avaliados. Os dados foram submetidos as análises estatísticas realizadas no software SAS®. Após 14 e 28 dias de maturação, 74,19% (23/31) e 64,52% (20/31) das amostras de queijo analisadas, respectivamente, apresentaram limites acima do disposto para coliformes a 35 °C. Contagens de E. coli superiores ao aceitável foram observadas em 45,16% (14/31) e 48,39% (15/31) das amostras analisadas após 14 e 28 dias de maturação, respectivamente. Quanto à contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, 54,84% (17/31) e 51,61% (16/31) das amostras de queijos apresentaram após 14 e 28 dias de maturação valores acima de 103 UFC/g. Nenhuma das amostras avaliadas estava contaminada com Salmonella spp., porém Listeria monocytogenes sorovar 4b foi isolada em 3,23% (1/31) e em 6,45% (2/31) das amostras aos 14 e 28 dias de maturação, respectivamente. Em relação à umidade, os queijos foram classificados como de baixa, média e alta umidade. Em relação aos teores de gordura houve a predominância de queijos semigordos nos dois períodos de maturação, embora as amostras tenham sido enquadradas como queijos magros, semigordos e gordos. [...]

ASSOCIAÇÃO DA PREVALÊNCIA DE SUÍNOS PORTADORES DE Salmonella sp. AO ABATE E A CONTAMINAÇÃO DE EMBUTIDOS TIPO FRESCAL

Uma alta prevalência de suínos portadores de Salmonella ao abate tem sido encontrada no Rio Grande do Sul. Quatro estudos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de 1) avaliar a associação entre o isolamento de Salmonella do trato intestinal de suínos ao abate e a sua presença em ?pools? de tonsilas/linfonodos submandibulares (LT), 2) verificar a associação da prevalência de suínos portadores de Salmonella em LT ao abate e a contaminação da massa utilizada na fabricação de embutidos tipo frescal, produzida com matéria-prima proveniente desses animais, 3) verificar e comparar o perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos em linhagens de Salmonella isoladas de suínos ao abate e da massa para embutidos tipo frescal, 4) comparar o isolamento de Salmonella com a sua detecção pela Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase (PCR). Foram realizadas 19 visitas no período de 2000 a 2002 a um frigorífico, sob Inspeção Federal, localizado no Rio Grande do Sul. De acordo com a etapa do estudo foram coletados linfonodos mesentéricos, linfonodos submandibulares, tonsilas, fragmento intestinal e porções de massa para embutimento. As amostras coletadas foram submetidas a protocolo de isolamento, identificação e amplificação do gene inv A como previamente descrito. As linhagens de Salmonella sp. isoladas foram testadas frente a 14 antimicrobianos pela técnica de difusão em ágar. Amostras de LT positivas estiveram associadas com o isolamento de Salmonella sp. a partir do trato intestinal (P= 0,001), com odds ratio LT positivo 5,6. Encontrou-se associação (P<0,0001) no isolamento de Salmonella de tonsilas e linfonodos submandibulares, quando analisados individualmente. Os sorovares mais prevalentes nessa etapa do estudo foram Typhimurium e Bredeney. No segundo estudo, encontrou-se uma prevalência média de 83,33% dos suínos portadores de Salmonella sp. ao abate, enquanto que 93,94% das amostras de massa de embutimento foram positivas. Os sorovares mais isolados, tanto nos animais, como no produto final, foram Panama, Bredeney e Typhimurium. O perfil de resistência encontrado nos isolados dos animais foi semelhante ao dos isolados provenientes da massa para embutidos, destacando-se o sorovar Typhimurium como o de maior índice de multi-resistência. Os dois grupos de amostras apresentaram grande variabilidade nos perfis de resistência, sendo o maior nível de resistência à sulfonamida, tetraciclina, estreptomicina, cotrimoxazol e cloranfenicol. O método de PCR apresentou maior sensibilidade em relação à técnica de microbiologia convencional, sendo o valor preditivo negativo 95,8% para PCR e 84% para o isolamento. Concluiu-se que suínos portadores de Salmonella no trato intestinal foram positivos em LT ao momento do abate. A alta prevalência de animais positivos, por sua vez, esteve correlacionada com a presença do microrganismo no produto final. O alto número de isolados multi-resistentes indica a necessidade de futuro monitoramento das amostras de Salmonella, além da adoção de protocolos de uso de antimicrobianos na granja, para controlar o risco de seleção e transmissão de linhagens resistentes. O protocolo de PCR utilizado diminuiu o tempo necessário para detectar a Salmonella e demonstrou ser mais sensível e com maior valor preditivo negativo que o isolamento, podendo ser adotado em laboratório de análises de alimentos