Esporotricose felina na região periocular - eficácia do tratamento com itraconazol / Feline sporotrichosis in the periocular region - successful treatment with itraconazole

Background: Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. It isan emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution, thus of great importance to public health. The infection occurs fromtraumatic inoculation of the fungus in the human skin from contaminated plants and soils and through bites or scratchesof infected animals. The occurrence of sporotrichosis has been related to zoonotic transmission, especially by domesticfelines. This work aims to report the successful use of itraconazole as monotherapy in a case of localized feline sporotrichosis and highlight the effectiveness of cytology in its diagnosis.Case: A 1-year-and-4-month-old spayed female cat undefined breed, weighing 3.1 kg, was referred to the VeterinaryMedical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), city of Umuarama, presenting a serosanguinous ulcerative lesion located in the left periocular region The clinical picture of the patient progressed over 3 months.Treatments with antibiotic therapy, corticosteroids, and surgical procedures were conducted, without clinical improvement. A new lesion in the distal portion of the thoracic limb emerged, proving that the disease remained in progression.Hematological exams were performed, among them hemogram, renal and hepatic biochemical analyses, SNAPS to identifythe feline immunodeficiency virus feline leukemia virus (FIV/FeLV), and cytology of the lesion through imprints. Thehematological results were all within the normal standards for the species. Cytology showed a large amount of oval andfusiform structures phagocyted by polymorphonuclear cells, free at the bottom of the slide, compatible with Sporothrixspp. The treatment administered was itraconazole (100 mg/cat), orally administered every 24 h, cefovecin sodium 8 mg/kg,subcutaneous, single dose, topical use of...

Esporotricose felina na região periocular - eficácia do tratamento com itraconazol / Feline sporotrichosis in the periocular region - successful treatment with itraconazole

Background: Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. It isan emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution, thus of great importance to public health. The infection occurs fromtraumatic inoculation of the fungus in the human skin from contaminated plants and soils and through bites or scratchesof infected animals. The occurrence of sporotrichosis has been related to zoonotic transmission, especially by domesticfelines. This work aims to report the successful use of itraconazole as monotherapy in a case of localized feline sporotrichosis and highlight the effectiveness of cytology in its diagnosis.Case: A 1-year-and-4-month-old spayed female cat undefined breed, weighing 3.1 kg, was referred to the VeterinaryMedical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), city of Umuarama, presenting a serosanguinous ulcerative lesion located in the left periocular region The clinical picture of the patient progressed over 3 months.Treatments with antibiotic therapy, corticosteroids, and surgical procedures were conducted, without clinical improvement. A new lesion in the distal portion of the thoracic limb emerged, proving that the disease remained in progression.Hematological exams were performed, among them hemogram, renal and hepatic biochemical analyses, SNAPS to identifythe feline immunodeficiency virus feline leukemia virus (FIV/FeLV), and cytology of the lesion through imprints. Thehematological results were all within the normal standards for the species. Cytology showed a large amount of oval andfusiform structures phagocyted by polymorphonuclear cells, free at the bottom of the slide, compatible with Sporothrixspp. The treatment administered was itraconazole (100 mg/cat), orally administered every 24 h, cefovecin sodium 8 mg/kg,subcutaneous, single dose, topical use of...(AU)

Granulomatous tracheitis and dermatitis due to Curvularia sp. in a horse: case report / [Traqueíte e dermatite granulomatosas associadas a Curvularia sp. em um equino: relato de caso]

Tracheal fungal infections in horses are rare. This case report describes surgical and clinical management of a filly with a Curvularia sp. infection within the trachea and skin that caused severe intraluminal granulomas and cutaneous nodules, respectively. The patient was successfully treated with itraconazole and surgical excision.(AU)

Infecções fúngicas traqueais em equinos são raras. Este relato de caso descreve condutas clínicas e cirúrgicas em uma égua com infecção por Curvularia sp. na traqueia e na pele, causando granulomas intraluminais severos e nódulos cutâneos, respectivamente. O animal foi tratado com sucesso com itraconazol e exérese cirúrgica.(AU)

Chemical and cytotoxic analyses of three varieties of Brazilian propolis (green propolis, jataí propolis and brown propolis) and its anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis in vitro activity / [Análises químicas e citotóxicas de três variedades de própolis brasileiras (própolis verde, própolis jataí e própolis marrom) e sua atividade in vitro anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis]

In this study, we described the antifungal activity of three Brazilian propolis extracts: brown, green and from jataí bees against Sporothrix brasiliensis. The extracts were obtained from ethanolic extraction and their chemical composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The cellular toxicity was measured in MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) cells and quantified by the MTT assay (3- (4,5 dimethylthiazol-2yl -2,5-diphenyl-2H bromine tetrazolato). For antifungal activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by broth microdilution. The results showed that cell toxicity was not observed at lower concentrations (0.097 to 0.39μg/ml) for all extracts in comparison to cell control. Among the chemical compounds identified, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and rutin were quantified. In antifungal activity, green and jataí did not exhibit activity against the isolates (MIC and MFC greater than 0.78mg/ml). However, all isolates of S. brasiliensis were sensitive to brown propolis (MIC of 0.09 to 0.78mg/ml), including the standard strain (P<0.001). Among the Brazilian propolis studied, the brown propolis showed activity against the S. brasiliensis isolates and more studies should be undertaken in order to evaluate its promising use in the treatment of sporotrichosis.(AU)

Neste estudo, descreveu-se a atividade antifúngica de três extratos de própolis brasileiras: marrom, verde e de abelhas jataí (Tetragonisca angustula), contra Sporothrix brasiliensis. Os extratos foram obtidos de extração etanólica, e a sua composição química foi determinada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, acoplada à espectrometria de massa. A toxicidade celular foi medida em células MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney), avaliada por observação microscópica e quantificada pelo ensaio MTT (3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-ilo -2,5-difenil-2H bromo tetrazolato). Para a atividade antifúngica, determinou-se a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) por meio de microdiluição em caldo. Os resultados mostraram que a toxicidade celular não foi observada em concentrações menores (0,097 a 0,39μg/ml). Entre os compostos químicos identificados, foram quantificados o ácido cafeico, ácido p-cumárico, ácido clorogênico, ácido ferúlico e a rutina. Na atividade antifúngica, as própolis verde e jataí não apresentaram atividade contra os isolados (CIM e CFM maior que 0,78mg/ml), porém todos os isolados de S. brasiliensis foram sensíveis à própolis marrom (CIM de 0,09 a 0,78mg/ml), incluindo a cepa padrão (P<0,001). Entre as própolis brasileiras estudadas, a marrom mostrou atividade contra S. brasiliensis, e mais estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar seu uso promissor no tratamento da esporotricose.(AU)

Chemical and cytotoxic analyses of three varieties of Brazilian propolis (green propolis, jataí propolis and brown propolis) and its anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis in vitro activity / [Análises químicas e citotóxicas de três variedades de própolis brasileiras (própolis verde, própolis jataí e própolis marrom) e sua atividade in vitro anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis]

In this study, we described the antifungal activity of three Brazilian propolis extracts: brown, green and from jataí bees against Sporothrix brasiliensis. The extracts were obtained from ethanolic extraction and their chemical composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The cellular toxicity was measured in MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) cells and quantified by the MTT assay (3- (4,5 dimethylthiazol-2yl -2,5-diphenyl-2H bromine tetrazolato). For antifungal activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by broth microdilution. The results showed that cell toxicity was not observed at lower concentrations (0.097 to 0.39μg/ml) for all extracts in comparison to cell control. Among the chemical compounds identified, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and rutin were quantified. In antifungal activity, green and jataí did not exhibit activity against the isolates (MIC and MFC greater than 0.78mg/ml). However, all isolates of S. brasiliensis were sensitive to brown propolis (MIC of 0.09 to 0.78mg/ml), including the standard strain (P<0.001). Among the Brazilian propolis studied, the brown propolis showed activity against the S. brasiliensis isolates and more studies should be undertaken in order to evaluate its promising use in the treatment of sporotrichosis.(AU)

Neste estudo, descreveu-se a atividade antifúngica de três extratos de própolis brasileiras: marrom, verde e de abelhas jataí (Tetragonisca angustula), contra Sporothrix brasiliensis. Os extratos foram obtidos de extração etanólica, e a sua composição química foi determinada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, acoplada à espectrometria de massa. A toxicidade celular foi medida em células MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney), avaliada por observação microscópica e quantificada pelo ensaio MTT (3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-ilo -2,5-difenil-2H bromo tetrazolato). Para a atividade antifúngica, determinou-se a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) por meio de microdiluição em caldo. Os resultados mostraram que a toxicidade celular não foi observada em concentrações menores (0,097 a 0,39μg/ml). Entre os compostos químicos identificados, foram quantificados o ácido cafeico, ácido p-cumárico, ácido clorogênico, ácido ferúlico e a rutina. Na atividade antifúngica, as própolis verde e jataí não apresentaram atividade contra os isolados (CIM e CFM maior que 0,78mg/ml), porém todos os isolados de S. brasiliensis foram sensíveis à própolis marrom (CIM de 0,09 a 0,78mg/ml), incluindo a cepa padrão (P<0,001). Entre as própolis brasileiras estudadas, a marrom mostrou atividade contra S. brasiliensis, e mais estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar seu uso promissor no tratamento da esporotricose.(AU)

Associação de itraconazol e iodeto de potássio no tratamento da esporotricose disseminada em um felino em Palotina, PR: relato de caso / Association of itraconazole and potassium iodide in the treatment of disseminated Sporotrichosis in a cat in Palotina, PR: case report / Combinación de itraconazol e yoduro de potasio para el tratamiento de esporotricosis diseminada en un felino de Palotina, PR: relato de caso

A esporotricose é uma zoonose causada por um fungo do gênero Sporothrix sp. e transmitida através de lesões perfurantes, sendo os felinos machos não castrados potenciais carreadores da doença, devido a seus hábitos territorialistas. O presente trabalho descreve o tratamento de um felino macho adulto, não castrado, resgatado com lesões dérmicas ulcerativas e serossanguinolentas disseminadas em face, orelhas, região cervical, membro torácico e região escapular. Foi realizada a citologia das lesões, sendo observados macrófagos contendo acentuada quantidade de estruturas leveduriformes ovais a alongadas, compatíveis com o Sporothrix sp. O tratamento escolhido foi a associação de itraconazol (100 mg/gato) e iodeto de potássio (5 mg/kg), ministrados a cada 24 horas, por via oral, observando-se a remissão completa das lesões em 126 dias de tratamento.

Sporotrichosis is a zoonosis caused by a fungus of the Sporothrix gender, and transmitted through open wounds. Because of their ciosed territorial nature, intact male cats are most frequently affected. We describe the treatment of an adult, rescued intact male cat presented with disseminated ulcerative skin lesions affecting face, ears, neck, thoracic limb, and scapular region. Cytology of the lesions revealed the presence of macrophages containing a large number of oval oblong yeast structures consistent with Sporothrix sp. The cat was treated with once a day oral administration of itraconazole (100mg/cat) and potassium iodide (5mg/kg). Full remission was observed 126 days after beginning of treatment.

La esporotricosis es una zoonosis provocada por un hongo del género Sporothrix sp. y que se transmite a través de heridas profundas. Por sus costumbres territoriales, los gatos no castrados suelen ser potenciales portadores de la enfermedad. Este trabajo describe el tratamiento realizado en un gato adulto no castrado, que había sido rescatado con lesiones dérmicas ulceradas y serosanguinolentas que habian diseminado en la cara, orejas, región cervical, miembros anteriores y región escapular. Se realizó examen citológico de las lesiones, en el que se observó la presencia de macrófagos con gran cantidad de levaduras ovales y alargadas, compatibles con Sporothrix sp. Como tratamiento fue utilizada una combinación de intraconazol (100 mg/gato) y yoduro de potasio (5 mg/kg) cada 24 horas, via oral. La remisión completa de las lesiones pudo observarse 126 dias después de comenzado el tratamiento.

Associação de itraconazol e iodeto de potássio no tratamento da esporotricose disseminada em um felino em Palotina, PR: relato de caso / Association of itraconazole and potassium iodide in the treatment of disseminated Sporotrichosis in a cat in Palotina, PR: case report / Combinación de itraconazol e yoduro de potasio para el tratamiento de esporotricosis diseminada en un felino de Palotina, PR: relato de caso

A esporotricose é uma zoonose causada por um fungo do gênero Sporothrix sp. e transmitida através de lesões perfurantes, sendo os felinos machos não castrados potenciais carreadores da doença, devido a seus hábitos territorialistas. O presente trabalho descreve o tratamento de um felino macho adulto, não castrado, resgatado com lesões dérmicas ulcerativas e serossanguinolentas disseminadas em face, orelhas, região cervical, membro torácico e região escapular. Foi realizada a citologia das lesões, sendo observados macrófagos contendo acentuada quantidade de estruturas leveduriformes ovais a alongadas, compatíveis com o Sporothrix sp. O tratamento escolhido foi a associação de itraconazol (100 mg/gato) e iodeto de potássio (5 mg/kg), ministrados a cada 24 horas, por via oral, observando-se a remissão completa das lesões em 126 dias de tratamento.(AU)

Sporotrichosis is a zoonosis caused by a fungus of the Sporothrix gender, and transmitted through open wounds. Because of their ciosed territorial nature, intact male cats are most frequently affected. We describe the treatment of an adult, rescued intact male cat presented with disseminated ulcerative skin lesions affecting face, ears, neck, thoracic limb, and scapular region. Cytology of the lesions revealed the presence of macrophages containing a large number of oval oblong yeast structures consistent with Sporothrix sp. The cat was treated with once a day oral administration of itraconazole (100mg/cat) and potassium iodide (5mg/kg). Full remission was observed 126 days after beginning of treatment.(AU)

La esporotricosis es una zoonosis provocada por un hongo del género Sporothrix sp. y que se transmite a través de heridas profundas. Por sus costumbres territoriales, los gatos no castrados suelen ser potenciales portadores de la enfermedad. Este trabajo describe el tratamiento realizado en un gato adulto no castrado, que había sido rescatado con lesiones dérmicas ulceradas y serosanguinolentas que habian diseminado en la cara, orejas, región cervical, miembros anteriores y región escapular. Se realizó examen citológico de las lesiones, en el que se observó la presencia de macrófagos con gran cantidad de levaduras ovales y alargadas, compatibles con Sporothrix sp. Como tratamiento fue utilizada una combinación de intraconazol (100 mg/gato) y yoduro de potasio (5 mg/kg) cada 24 horas, via oral. La remisión completa de las lesiones pudo observarse 126 dias después de comenzado el tratamiento.(AU)

Retrospective assessment of the treatment of sporotrichosis in cats and dogs using itraconazole / Retrospective assessment of the treatment of sporotrichosis in cats and dogs using itraconazole

Background: Cases of sporotrichosis in male and female cats and dogs of different ages with cutaneous sporotrichosis that were treated at the dermatology service of a teaching veterinary hospital and orally administered itraconazole (ITC) were retrospectively characterized by reviewing the clinical records corresponding to a 19-year period (1993-2011). The aim of the present study was to analyze regarding clinical cure, side effects, length of treatment and relapse using ITC in the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis in cats and dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: From the assessed case series, 20 animals were selected, of which 17 (85.0%) were cats and three (15.0%) were dogs; the animals were mostly males (80.0%) and of ill-defined breeds (75.0%). Cases of sporotrichosis in male and female cats and dogs of different ages that were treated at the dermatology service of a teaching veterinary hospital and orally administered ITC (10 mg/kg) once a day. The percentage of full remission of the treated cases, regardless of their clinical form, was 100%, and no systemic or tegumentary side effects were found in the assessed animals. The average duration of treatment was 3.4 months in cats and 11.3 months in dogs, whereas the maximum duration of treatment required to resolve the clinical condition in the assessed case series of cats and dogs was 16 months, regardless of the anim

Background: Cases of sporotrichosis in male and female cats and dogs of different ages with cutaneous sporotrichosis that were treated at the dermatology service of a teaching veterinary hospital and orally administered itraconazole (ITC) were retrospectively characterized by reviewing the clinical records corresponding to a 19-year period (1993-2011). The aim of the present study was to analyze regarding clinical cure, side effects, length of treatment and relapse using ITC in the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis in cats and dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: From the assessed case series, 20 animals were selected, of which 17 (85.0%) were cats and three (15.0%) were dogs; the animals were mostly males (80.0%) and of ill-defined breeds (75.0%). Cases of sporotrichosis in male and female cats and dogs of different ages that were treated at the dermatology service of a teaching veterinary hospital and orally administered ITC (10 mg/kg) once a day. The percentage of full remission of the treated cases, regardless of their clinical form, was 100%, and no systemic or tegumentary side effects were found in the assessed animals. The average duration of treatment was 3.4 months in cats and 11.3 months in dogs, whereas the maximum duration of treatment required to resolve the clinical condition in the assessed case series of cats and dogs was 16 months, regardless of the anim

Retrospective assessment of the treatment of sporotrichosis in cats and dogs using itraconazole

Background: Cases of sporotrichosis in male and female cats and dogs of different ages with cutaneous sporotrichosis that were treated at the dermatology service of a teaching veterinary hospital and orally administered itraconazole (ITC) were retrospectively characterized by reviewing the clinical records corresponding to a 19-year period (1993-2011). The aim of the present study was to analyze regarding clinical cure, side effects, length of treatment and relapse using ITC in the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis in cats and dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: From the assessed case series, 20 animals were selected, of which 17 (85.0%) were cats and three (15.0%) were dogs; the animals were mostly males (80.0%) and of ill-defined breeds (75.0%). Cases of sporotrichosis in male and female cats and dogs of different ages that were treated at the dermatology service of a teaching veterinary hospital and orally administered ITC (10 mg/kg) once a day. The percentage of full remission of the treated cases, regardless of their clinical form, was 100%, and no systemic or tegumentary side effects were found in the assessed animals. The average duration of treatment was 3.4 months in cats and 11.3 months in dogs, whereas the maximum duration of treatment required to resolve the clinical condition in the assessed case series of cats and dogs was 16 months, regardless of the animal species. Relapses occurred in 15.0% (one cat and two dogs) of the cases treated with the investigated antifungal agent. Discussion: The remarkable difference in the average duration of therapy required to achieve clinical cure between cats and dogs might be related to the fact that most of the cases of feline sporotrichosis were of the localized cutaneous form (82.3%). Conversely, the three cases of canine sporotrichosis were of the disseminated cutaneous form, which may have delayed the success of treatment. Clinically manifested systemic or tegumentary side effects were not reported by the pet owners or were detected by clinical examination of the animals that were subjected to treatment with ITC in the present study, which agrees with previous reports. However, given the retrospective character of this research complementary laboratory exams are lacking and thus it cannot be asserted that alterations do not exist. Therapeutic failure was not observed with the use of ITC in the investigated cases of canine and feline sporotrichosis. Clinical relapse occurred in two dogs and one cat, all of which exhibited the disseminated cutaneous form, which might have predisposed them to clinical recrudescence. In addition, the evident difference in the percentage of relapse between the two species might be correlated with the higher prevalence of the disseminated cutaneous form among the investigated dogs (100%) compared with the cats (40%). Of the animals that exhibited relapse, one dog had been treated with topical corticoids for the previous three months. According to the literature, glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressants are contraindicated in dogs and cats with sporotrichosis. The cat, in turn, exhibited respiratory disease complex in addition to sporotrichosis, which might be related to the clinical relapse. In conclusion, ITC is efficacious in the treatment of sporotrichosis in cats and dogs and does not induce apparent side effects.

Esporotricose em um felino soropositivo para FeLV: relato de caso / Sporotrichosis in a FeLV seropositive feline: case report / Esporotricosis en un gato FeLV positivo: relato de caso

Aesporotricose é uma micose subcutânea causada pelos fungos do complexo Sporothrix schenckii. Essa doença afeta homens e animais, sendo particularmente grave em gatos. A infecção ocorre principalmente pela inoculação traumática do fungo, ou seja, por meio de arranhadura e mordeduras de animais infectados. Doenças imunossupressoras como a FeLV e a dificuldade na administração dos medicamentos são fatores que complicam o prognóstico desses pacientes. O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar o manejo terapêutico da esporotricose em um gato soropositivo para FeLV, que levou à regressão das lesões e a uma importante melhora clínica do paciente.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by the fungi of the Sporothrix schencki complex. The disease affects men and animals and is particularly severe in cats. The infection is typically acquired by traumatic inoculation of the fungus through scratches and bites from infected animals. Prognosis is worse in patients with immunodepressive diseases such as FeLV, and when administration of treatment is challenging. We report the therapeutic management of sporotrichosis in a cat seropositive for FeLV. Treatment resulted in regression of lesions and marked improvement of clinical signs.

La esporotricosis es una micosis subcutánea provocada por hongos del complejo Sporothrix schencki. Esta enfermedad puede afectar tanto al hombre como a los animales, siendo particularmente grave en los gatos. La infección se produce en general por inoculación traumática del hongo, es decir, mediante arafíazos y mordeduras de animales infectados. Entre los factores que complican el pronóstico de estos pacientes pueden contarse, por un lado a las enfermedades inmunosupresoras como la FeLV, y por otro la dificultad que existe para la administración de medicamentos en esta especie. EI objetivo del presente trabajo es relatar el manejo terapéutico de un gato con esporotricosis que era positivo para FeLV, en el cual se consiguió la regresión de las lesiones y una importante mejoría clínica del paciente.

Esporotricose em um felino soropositivo para FeLV: relato de caso / Sporotrichosis in a FeLV seropositive feline: case report / Esporotricosis en un gato FeLV positivo: relato de caso

Aesporotricose é uma micose subcutânea causada pelos fungos do complexo Sporothrix schenckii. Essa doença afeta homens e animais, sendo particularmente grave em gatos. A infecção ocorre principalmente pela inoculação traumática do fungo, ou seja, por meio de arranhadura e mordeduras de animais infectados. Doenças imunossupressoras como a FeLV e a dificuldade na administração dos medicamentos são fatores que complicam o prognóstico desses pacientes. O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar o manejo terapêutico da esporotricose em um gato soropositivo para FeLV, que levou à regressão das lesões e a uma importante melhora clínica do paciente.(AU)

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by the fungi of the Sporothrix schencki complex. The disease affects men and animals and is particularly severe in cats. The infection is typically acquired by traumatic inoculation of the fungus through scratches and bites from infected animals. Prognosis is worse in patients with immunodepressive diseases such as FeLV, and when administration of treatment is challenging. We report the therapeutic management of sporotrichosis in a cat seropositive for FeLV. Treatment resulted in regression of lesions and marked improvement of clinical signs.(AU)

La esporotricosis es una micosis subcutánea provocada por hongos del complejo Sporothrix schencki. Esta enfermedad puede afectar tanto al hombre como a los animales, siendo particularmente grave en los gatos. La infección se produce en general por inoculación traumática del hongo, es decir, mediante arafíazos y mordeduras de animales infectados. Entre los factores que complican el pronóstico de estos pacientes pueden contarse, por un lado a las enfermedades inmunosupresoras como la FeLV, y por otro la dificultad que existe para la administración de medicamentos en esta especie. EI objetivo del presente trabajo es relatar el manejo terapéutico de un gato con esporotricosis que era positivo para FeLV, en el cual se consiguió la regresión de las lesiones y una importante mejoría clínica del paciente.(AU)

Estudo retrospectivo sobre esporotricose felina e canina em área endêmica

A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea causada por espécies do Complexo Sporothrix schenckii, um fungo dimórfico que habita principalmente plantas e vegetais em decomposição. Áreas endêmicas no Brasil têm sido frequentemente descritas, especialmente nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Rio de Janeiro caracterizando esta enfermidade como uma micose emergente e de importância para a saúde pública, devido ao seu caráter zoonótico. Este trabalho é um estudo retrospectivo cujo objetivo foi analisar os dados encontrados nas fichas arquivadas do laboratório MicVet (UFPel), local de referência para o diagnóstico de micoses nos animais domésticos nesta região que é endêmica para a enfermidade. O estudo analisou os dados registrados no período de 2005 a 2016, e obteve 284 diagnósticos estabelecidos de esporotricose em animais, sendo 55 em cães (19,37%) e 229 em gatos (80,63%). Foi possível observar que 58,87% (n=166) do total de diagnóstico neste período, ocorreram nos últimos quatro anos do estudo. A avaliação desses dados revelou serem os felinos machos com maior casuística da doença (n=175/284), representando 61,62% do total. Quanto a manifestação da doença, também foram os gatos machos que apresentaram as lesões na forma cutânea disseminada com maior frequência (56,34%; n=160/284). Do total das amostras com crescimento laboratorial de Sporothrix spp., 233 (82,04%) foram encaminhados com suspeita clinica de esporotricose. Contudo, o estudo alerta sobre a utilização de medicação prévia ao diagnostico laboratorial, visto que do total das amostras, 175 faziam uso de alguma terapia no momento da coleta do material, ressaltando ser o itraconazol o antifúngico de eleição, mesmo com crescentes casos de falhas terapêuticas. Entretanto, 51,43% (n=90/175) utilizava exclusivamente antibiótico prévio ao diagnostico de esporotricose. Pode-se concluir que a região sul do Rio Grande do Sul se confirma como zona endêmica para esporotricose, com crescente aumento especialmente nos últimos quatro anos do estudo. Os gatos machos continuam como o grupo de maior frequência diagnóstica, e com a apresentação de lesões mais graves. Ainda que o clínico suspeite de esporotricose, as terapias pré e pós-confirmação do diagnóstico devem ser mais discutidas e reavaliadas.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex, a dimorphic fungus that inhabits mainly decomposing plants and plants. Endemic areas in Brazil have been frequently described, especially in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro, characterizing sporotrichosis as an emergent mycosis and of importance for public health due to its zoonotic nature. This work is a retrospective study whose objective was to analyze the data found in the records of the laboratory MicVet (UFPel), a reference site for the diagnosis of mycoses in domestic animals in this region that is endemic to the disease. The study analyzed data from 2005 to 2016, and obtained 284 established diagnoses of sporotrichosis in animals, 55 in dogs (19.37%) and 229 in cats (80.63%). It was observed that 58.87% (n = 166) of the total diagnosis in this period occurred in the last four years of the study. The evaluation of these data revealed the male felines with the highest number of cases (n = 175/284), representing 61.62% of the total. As for the manifestation of the disease, it was also the male cats that presented lesions in the disseminated cutaneous form with a higher frequency (56.34%; n = 160/284). Of the total samples with laboratory growth of Sporothrix spp., 233 (82.04%) were referred with clinical suspicion of sporotrichosis. However, the study warns about the use of medication prior to the laboratory diagnosis, since of the total of the samples, 175 used some therapy at the time of collection of the material, emphasizing that itraconazole is the antifungal of choice, even with increasing cases of failure Therapies. However, 51.43% (n = 90/175) exclusively used antibiotics prior to the diagnosis of sporotrichosis. It can be concluded that the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul is confirmed as an endemic zone for sporotrichosis, with increasing increase especially in the last four years of the study. Male cats continue to be the group with the highest diagnostic frequency and with the most severe lesions. Although the clinician suspects sporotrichosis, pre- and post-confirmation therapies for diagnosis should be further discussed and re-evaluated.

Atividade in vitro dos óleos essenciais de Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita e Origanum vulgare isolados, combinados entre si e com antifúngicos, frente ao oomiceto Pythium insidiosum

Pythium insidiosum causa pitiose, uma doença grave e emergente que acomete os mamíferos. As falhas com as terapias antifúngicas convencionais é, em parte, justificada pela ausência do ergosterol na composição de membrana citoplasmática deste oomiceto. Apesar do avanço das pesquisas, o tratamento da pitiose ainda não está completamente estabelecido. Neste trabalho verificou-se a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de Melaleuca alternifolia, na forma de óleo livre e em nanoemulsão frente ao oomiceto P. insidiosum (n=26). Adicionalmente, investigou-se o perfil da suscetibilidade in vitro de isolados brasileiros de P. insidiosum (n=20) frente aos óleos essenciais de M. alternifolia, Mentha piperita e Origanum vulgare, em suas combinações e combinados com itraconazol ou terbinafina. Os testes de suscetibilidade foram realizados conforme o protocolo M38-A2 e as combinações avaliadas pela técnica de microdiluição cherkerboard. Todos os óleos essenciais avaliados apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana sobre P. insidiosum, destacando-se a melhor atividade de O. vulgare. Observou-se efeito sinérgico e/ou indiferente para todas as combinações de óleos essenciais testadas, ressaltando-se a combinação de M. piperita e O. vulgare que resultou em 65% de sinergismo. Nas combinações dos óleos essenciais com itraconazol ou terbinafina, foi observado acentuado efeito sinérgico para todas as combinações com itraconazol, destacando-se a combinação com M. alternifolia que resultou em 95% de efeito sinérgico. As combinações de terbinafina com os óleos essenciais evidenciaram indiferença ou efeito antagônico. Este é o primeiro estudo in vitro que avaliou as combinações de óleos essenciais de M. alternifolia, M. piperita e O. vulgare frente a isolados brasileiros de P. insidiosum. Os resultados obtidos permitem sugerir que a combinação de compostos bioativos oriundos de plantas entre si e/ou com fármacos antifúngicos podem constituir uma alternativa terapêutica a ser aplicada no controle de infecções causadas por P. insidiosum. Todavia, outras pesquisas são imprescindíveis para determinar novos protocolos terapêuticos envolvendo as combinações avaliadas

Pythium insidiosum causes pythiosis, a severe and emerging disease that affects mammals. The limitations involving the conventional antifungal therapies is in part justified by the absence of ergosterol in the plasma membrane of this oomycete. Despite the advancement of research, treatment of pythiosis is not fully established. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial activity of Melaleuca alternifolia in free oil and nanoemulsion was tested against the oomycete P. insidiosum (n=26). Additionally, the profile of in vitro susceptibility of Brazilian isolates of P. insidiosum (n = 20) was verified to the essential oils of Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita and Origanum vulgare, isolated, in their combinations and combinations with itraconazole and terbinafine. Susceptibility tests were achieved following the M38-A2 document and all combinations were performed by cherkerboard microdilution test. All evaluated essential oils presented antimicrobial activity against P. insidiosum. However, the best results were demonstrated using O. vulgare. It was observed synergistic effect and/or indifferent to all combinations of essential oils tested, emphasizing that the combination of M. piperita and O. vulgare resulted in 65% of synergism. In combinations of essential oils with itraconazole or terbinafine were observed marked synergistic effect for all combinations with itraconazole, especially the combination with M. alternifolia, which resulted in 95% synergistic effect. Combinations with terbinafine and essential oils showed indifference or antagonistic effect. This is the first study evaluating in vitro combination of essential oils of M. alternifolia, M. piperita and O. vulgare against Brazilian isolates of P. insidiosum. The results obtained suggest that the combination of bioactive compounds from plants among themselves and / or with antifungal drugs may provide an alternative therapy in the control of P. insidiosum infection. However, further studies are essential to determine new therapeutic protocols involving these proposed combinations.

Microdilution procedure for antifungal susceptibility testing of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis to amphotericin b and itraconazole

In vitro tests employing microdilution to evaluate fungal susceptibility to antifungal drugs are already standardized for fermentative yeasts. However, studies on the susceptibility of dimorphic fungi such as Paracoccidioides brasiliensis employing this method are scarce. The present work introduced some modifications into antifungal susceptibility testing from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), concerning broth medium and reading time, to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amphotericin B and itraconazole against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Yeast-like cells of P. brasiliensis (Pb18 strain) were tested for susceptibility to amphotericin B and itraconazole in RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with 2 percent glucose and nitrogen source and incubated at 35ºC. The MIC of amphotericin B and itraconazole against Pb18 were respectively 0.25 µg/mL and 0.002 µg/mL. The results of minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) showed that amphotericin B at 0.25 µg/mL or higher concentrations displayed fungicidal activity against Pb18 while itraconazole at least 0.002 µg/mL has a fungistatic effect on P. brasiliensis. In conclusion, our results showed that the method employed in the present study is reproducible and reliable for testing the susceptibility of P. brasiliensis to antifungal drugs.(AU)

Efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole on a experimental model of systemic sporotrichosis

Itraconazole is currently considered the drug of choice to treat the diverse clinical presentation of sporotrichosis. On the other hand terbinafine by virtue of its excellent in vitro activity is under comparative evaluation for its therapeutic potential for a wide range of fungal infections. In this study, our aim was to determine the in vivo efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole on a experimental model of systemic sporotrichosis. 120 rats Wistar received an injection of 2x10³ S. schenckii cells by via the lateral tail vein. After 3 days the animals were treated with terbinafine (250mg/kg) and itraconazole (100 mg/kg) and their respective diluents. In our model, terbinafine and itraconazole were effective in reducing the number of clinical lesions and positive organ cultures. There was statistical difference between the groups treated with the antifungals in relation to the control groups (p 0,05) concerning the clinical alterations, anatomic-pathological findings and in the positive organ cultures of the agent, being that the treated animals resulted in the absence and/or reduction of all the evaluated parameters. As for the treatments, terbinafine showed similar or higher activity that itraconazole in the evaluation of the testicle alteration (p=0,0004), as well as in the positive organ cultures of microorganism from the organ (p=0,0142). With these results it is possible to conclude that the antifungals studied are effective in the treatment of experimental systemic sporotrichosis.

Itraconazol é atualmente considerado a droga de escolha para o tratamento das diferentes formas clínicas da esporotricose. Por outro lado a terbinafina devido a sua excelente atividade in vitro está sendo avaliada quanto ao seu potencial terapêutico frente a diversas infecções fúngicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficácia in vivo da terbinafina e itraconazol em um modelo de esporotricose experimental sistêmica. 120 ratos Wistar receberam uma injeção de 2x10³ células de S. schenckii pela veia lateral da cauda. Após 3 dias os animais foram tratados com terbinafina (250mg/kg) e itraconazol (100mg/kg) e os seus respectivos diluentes. No modelo experimental estudado, a terbinafina e itraconazol se mostraram efetivos reduzindo o número de sintomas clínicos e retroisolamento positivo para o agente. Houve diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos tratados com os antifúngicos em relação aos grupos controle (p 0,05) nas alterações clínicas, achados anatomopatológicos e no retroisolamento do agente, sendo que os animais tratados resultaram na ausência e/ou diminuição de todos os parâmetros avaliados. Quanto aos tratamentos a terbinafina se mostrou com atividade similar ou superior ao itraconazol quando avaliado as alterações anatomopatológicos do testículo (p=0,0004), assim como no retoisolamento do órgão (p=0,0142). Com estes resultados permite-se concluir que os antifúngicos estudados são efetivos no tratamento da esporotricose sistêmica experimental.

Esporotricose óssea e cutânea em canino / Cutaneos and osseous sporotrichosis in dog

A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea causada pelo fungo dimórfico Sporothrix schenckii. Este artigo descreve o primeiro caso de esporotricose óssea e cutânea, em canino, na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. O animal apresentava lesões ulceradas e crostosas, há aproximadamente três anos no plano nasal e membro torácico direito, dispnéia e apatia. Para confirmação do diagnóstico, foram realizados exames micológico, histopatológico, radiológico e hematológico. O animal foi tratado durante três meses com 10mg/kg de itraconazol,por via oral, obtendo-se a cura das lesões. Este estudo alerta clínicos de pequenos animais para a ocorrência desta micose em caninos na região de Pelotas, RS.(AU)

The sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii. This article describes the first cutaneous and osseous sporotrichosis case in canine in the Pelotas city, Rio Grande do Sul. The animal presented crusts and ulcerated lesions,approximately the three years in the nasal plan and right hind-foot,dispneic and apathy. Mycological, histopathological, radiological and hematological diagnosis was realized. The animal was treated by three months with itraconazole, administered orally at a dosage of 10mg/kg, until lesions disappeared. This study alert small animals clinicians for the occurrence of this mycosis in dogs in the region of Pelotas, RS.(AU)

Retrospective assessment of the treatment of sporotrichosis in cats and dogs using itraconazole / Retrospective assessment of the treatment of sporotrichosis in cats and dogs using itraconazole

Background: Cases of sporotrichosis in male and female cats and dogs of different ages with cutaneous sporotrichosis that were treated at the dermatology service of a teaching veterinary hospital and orally administered itraconazole (ITC) were retrospectively characterized by reviewing the clinical records corresponding to a 19-year period (1993-2011). The aim of the present study was to analyze regarding clinical cure, side effects, length of treatment and relapse using ITC in the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis in cats and dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: From the assessed case series, 20 animals were selected, of which 17 (85.0%) were cats and three (15.0%) were dogs; the animals were mostly males (80.0%) and of ill-defined breeds (75.0%). Cases of sporotrichosis in male and female cats and dogs of different ages that were treated at the dermatology service of a teaching veterinary hospital and orally administered ITC (10 mg/kg) once a day. The percentage of full remission of the treated cases, regardless of their clinical form, was 100%, and no systemic or tegumentary side effects were found in the assessed animals. The average duration of treatment was 3.4 months in cats and 11.3 months in dogs, whereas the maximum duration of treatment required to resolve the clinical condition in the assessed case series of cats and dogs was 16 months, regardless of the anim

Background: Cases of sporotrichosis in male and female cats and dogs of different ages with cutaneous sporotrichosis that were treated at the dermatology service of a teaching veterinary hospital and orally administered itraconazole (ITC) were retrospectively characterized by reviewing the clinical records corresponding to a 19-year period (1993-2011). The aim of the present study was to analyze regarding clinical cure, side effects, length of treatment and relapse using ITC in the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis in cats and dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: From the assessed case series, 20 animals were selected, of which 17 (85.0%) were cats and three (15.0%) were dogs; the animals were mostly males (80.0%) and of ill-defined breeds (75.0%). Cases of sporotrichosis in male and female cats and dogs of different ages that were treated at the dermatology service of a teaching veterinary hospital and orally administered ITC (10 mg/kg) once a day. The percentage of full remission of the treated cases, regardless of their clinical form, was 100%, and no systemic or tegumentary side effects were found in the assessed animals. The average duration of treatment was 3.4 months in cats and 11.3 months in dogs, whereas the maximum duration of treatment required to resolve the clinical condition in the assessed case series of cats and dogs was 16 months, regardless of the anim

Evaluation of Malassezia pachydermatis antifungal susceptibility using two different methods

Malassezia pachydermatis is recognized as a normal inhabitant and an opportunistic pathogen of the external ear canal and skin of dogs and cats. In especial clinical conditions, and mainly in the cases of therapeutic failure related to external otitis and dermatitis complicated by this yeast, it is recommended test susceptibility to antifungal drugs. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of 44 isolates of M. pachydermatis from the external ear canal and skin of dogs and cats using two different in vitro antifungal susceptibility methods: the Etest® and the broth microdilution method. Thirty-five samples were tested using the Etest®, twenty-four samples were tested using the broth microdilution method and fifteen samples were tested using both tests. The antifungal agents used were ketoconazole (KTZ), fluconazole (FLZ) and itraconazole (ITZ). In the broth microdilution method the yeast was less susceptible to ITZ while KTZ had the strongest activity. On the other hand, the Etest® showed that M. pachydermatis was more susceptible to ITZ while the less active drug was FLZ. The simultaneous evaluation using both methods identified FLZ as the antifungal drug with the highest activity (64.3%), followed by KTZ (57.1%) and ITZ (28.6%). These results showed that there is an urgent need to standardize of the values considered as parameters for growth inhibition of this yeast so a simple and efficient method can be used routinely in the laboratory practice.

Malassezia pachydermatis é considerada um habitante normal e patógeno oportunista do meato acústico externo e tegumento cutâneo de cães e gatos. Em condições clínicas especiais e nos casos de fracasso terapêutico, comum em casos de otite externa ou dermatite complicadas por esta levedura, é recomendado testar a sensibilidade aos antifúngicos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade de 44 isolados de M. pachydermatis do meato acústico externo e do tegumento cutâneo de cães e gatos, através de duas técnicas de antifungigrama: ETEST e Microdiluição em Caldo (MC). Foram testadas 35 amostras pelo método ETEST (1994) e 24 pelo método de MC e 15 pelos dois testes. Os antifúngicos utilizados foram: cetoconazol (KTZ), fluconazol (FLZ) e itraconazol (ITZ). Através da MC, a levedura foi menos sensível ao ITZ, enquanto que o antifúngico com maior atividade foi o KTZ. M. pachydermatis foi mais sensível ao ITZ pelo ETEST, enquanto a droga menos ativa foi o FLZ. A avaliação simultanea através das duas técnicas aponta o FLZ como o antifúngico com maior concordância entre os resultados (64,3%), seguido pelo KTZ (57,1%) e ITZ (28,6%). Os resultados indicam que há uma necessidade urgente de padronização dos valores de inibição do crescimento desta levedura para que um método, simples e eficaz, possa ser amplamente utilizado na rotina laboratorial.