Doença policística felina tratada com homeopatia: relato de caso / Feline polycystic disease treated withhomeopathy: case report

Foi avaliado o tratamento homeopático de um felino com doença renal policística, moléstia hereditária muito comum na espécie felina. Por ser progressiva, o prognóstico depende do estágio de evolução da doença renal crônica, da resposta do felino ao tratamento inicial e do desejo do tutor em dar continuidade ao tratamento. A observação teve duração de 9 (nove) meses e a avaliação dos resultados foi realizada com o emprego de exame clínico e de exames complementares como imagens ultrassonográficas e exames laboratoriais. A terapia foi composta por medicamento homeopático constitucional Phosphorus 30CH e episódico Kresolum 6CH associado à introdução de dieta renal (ração seca adjuvante). O medicamento homeopático não provocou eventos adversos no animal. Os resultados sugerem que um animal com doença policística felina pode ser tratado pela homeopatia.(AU)

The homeopathic treatment of a feline with polycystic kidney disease was evaluated, a common hereditary disease in the feline species. Because it is progressive, the prognosis depends on the stage of evolution of the chronic kidney disease, the feline response to the initial treatment and the guardian's desire to continue the treatment. The observation lasted 9 (nine) months and the evaluation of the results was performed through clinical examination and complementary tests such as ultrasound images and laboratory tests. The therapy was composed of constitutional Phosphorus 30CH and episodic Kresolum 6CH homeopathic medication associated with the introduction of diet kidney diet (adjunct dry feed). The homeopathic medicine did not cause adverse events in the animal. The results suggest that an animal with feline polycystic disease can be treated by homeopathy.(AU)

Métodos de diagnóstico relacionados à doença renal policística em felinos: revisão de literatura / Diagnostic methods related to polycystic kidney disease in cats: literature review

A doença renal policística felina (DRP), comumente conhecida como PKD (Polycystic Kidney Disease), é uma enfermidade de caráter hereditário, congênita autossômica dominante, que se caracteriza pelo desenvolvimento de cistos renais com crescimento progressivo. Esses cistos também podem ser encontrados no pâncreas, fígado e baço, com tamanhos variados. É mais comumente diagnosticada em gatos, principalmente na raça persa ou mestiços, sem distinção por sexo e cor da pelagem. Os sinais clínicos variam de acordo com o comprometimento do parênquima renal e o diagnóstico precoce é significativo, para retirar pacientes acometidos da reprodução, evitando a disseminação da doença, visto que não há um tratamento específico.(AU)

The feline polycystic kidney disease, commonly known as PKD (Polycystic Kidney Disease) is a disease of hereditary character, congenital autosomal dominant character, which is characterized by the development of kidney cysts with progressive growth. These cysts can also be found in the pancreas, liver, and spleen, with varying sizes. It is most commonly diagnosed in cats, mainly in the Persian breed or mixed-breeds, without distinction for sex or coat color. The clinical signs vary according to the involvement of the renal parenchyma and early diagnosis is significant, to remove affected patients from breeding, avoiding the spread of the disease, since there is no specific treatment.(AU)

Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian-related cats in Brazil / Prevalência da doença renal policística autossômica dominante em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas no Brasil

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disease in cats. However, scarce data on its prevalence are available in Brazil. Persian cats and Persian-related breeds were assessed by molecular genotyping for a C to A transversion in exon 29 of PKD1 gene to determine ADPKD prevalence in a Brazilian population. Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral whole blood or oral swabs samples was used to amplify exon 29 of PKD1 gene employing a PCR-RFLP methodology. From a total of 616 animals, 27/537 Persian and 1/17 Himalayan cats showed the single-nucleotide variant (C to A) at position 3284 in exon 29 of feline PKD1. This pathogenic variation has been identified only in heterozygous state. The prevalence of ADPKD in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds was 5.03% and 1.6%, respectively. There was no significant association between feline breed, gender or age with ADPKD prevalence. Of note, the observed ADPKD prevalence in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds in Brazil was lower than the ones reported in other parts of the world. This finding may be related to genetic counseling and consequent selection of ADPKD-free cats for reproduction.

A doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD) é a doença genética mais comum em gatos. No entanto, poucos dados sobre sua prevalência estão disponíveis no Brasil. Gatos Persas e de raças relacionadas foram avaliados por genotipagem molecular para a transversão C→A no exon 29 do gene PKD1 felino para determinar a prevalência de DRPAD. DNA genômico extraído de sangue total periférico ou amostras de swabs orais foram utilizados para amplificar o exon 29 do gene PKD1 pela técnica de PCR-RFLP. De um total de 616 gatos, 27/537 Persas e 1/17 Himalaia mostraram a variante de nucleotídeo único (C→A) na posição 3284 no exon 29 do gene PKD1. Esta variante patogênica foi identificada apenas em heterozigose. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas foram de 5,03% e 1,6%, respectivamente. Não houve associações significativas entre raça, gênero ou idade dos felinos e incidência de DRPAD. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas no Brasil foi menor do que em outras partes do mundo, o que pode estar relacionado ao aconselhamento genético e consequente seleção de gatos sem ADPKD para reprodução.

Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian-related cats in Brazil / Prevalência da doença renal policística autossômica dominante em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas no Brasil

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disease in cats. However, scarce data on its prevalence are available in Brazil. Persian cats and Persian-related breeds were assessed by molecular genotyping for a C to A transversion in exon 29 of PKD1 gene to determine ADPKD prevalence in a Brazilian population. Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral whole blood or oral swabs samples was used to amplify exon 29 of PKD1 gene employing a PCR-RFLP methodology. From a total of 616 animals, 27/537 Persian and 1/17 Himalayan cats showed the single-nucleotide variant (C to A) at position 3284 in exon 29 of feline PKD1. This pathogenic variation has been identified only in heterozygous state. The prevalence of ADPKD in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds was 5.03% and 1.6%, respectively. There was no significant association between feline breed, gender or age with ADPKD prevalence. Of note, the observed ADPKD prevalence in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds in Brazil was lower than the ones reported in other parts of the world. This finding may be related to genetic counseling and consequent selection of ADPKD-free cats for reproduction.(AU)

A doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD) é a doença genética mais comum em gatos. No entanto, poucos dados sobre sua prevalência estão disponíveis no Brasil. Gatos Persas e de raças relacionadas foram avaliados por genotipagem molecular para a transversão CA no exon 29 do gene PKD1 felino para determinar a prevalência de DRPAD. DNA genômico extraído de sangue total periférico ou amostras de swabs orais foram utilizados para amplificar o exon 29 do gene PKD1 pela técnica de PCR-RFLP. De um total de 616 gatos, 27/537 Persas e 1/17 Himalaia mostraram a variante de nucleotídeo único (CA) na posição 3284 no exon 29 do gene PKD1. Esta variante patogênica foi identificada apenas em heterozigose. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas foram de 5,03% e 1,6%, respectivamente. Não houve associações significativas entre raça, gênero ou idade dos felinos e incidência de DRPAD. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas no Brasil foi menor do que em outras partes do mundo, o que pode estar relacionado ao aconselhamento genético e consequente seleção de gatos sem ADPKD para reprodução.(AU)

Polycystic kidney disease in rough toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) found in the Paraná coast, southern Brazil

Background: Renal cystic diseases (RCD) are characterized by cystic structures on renal parenchyma associated withobstructive lesions, membranous disruptions, and/or growth disturbances. The polycystic kidney disease (PKD) showsspecific pathological characteristics, related to mutations on PKD1 and/or PKD2 chromosome locus on humans. In Persiancats and bull terriers the condition is like the human “adult-onset” PKD, while in Perendale sheep the “childhood”-like isdescribed. In cetaceans, RCD are reported, however the characterization of PKD is scarcely described. This report aimsto describe two cases of PKD and one of RCD in stranded Steno bredanensis, and to discuss the disease associated factors.Cases: Four rough-toothed-dolphins were found stranded in the Paraná coast, southern Brazil between 2016 to 2018,through the Santos Basin Beach Monitoring Project (PMP-BS), one of the systematic monitoring programs required byBrazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) for the environmental licensing processof oil production and transport by Petrobras in the presalt province. In three animals histological sampling was performed.One of them (animal 3) was found alive, presenting altered buoyancy with lateralization to the right and signs of pneumonia. The blood analysis showed anemia and leukocytosis. The animal showed poor clinical prognosis, and even withsupportive treatment, come to death four days after the rescue. Routine autopsies were performed on all animals. Animals1 and 2 presented macroscopically enlarged kidneys containing disseminated cystic...

Polycystic kidney disease in rough toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) found in the Paraná coast, southern Brazil

Background: Renal cystic diseases (RCD) are characterized by cystic structures on renal parenchyma associated withobstructive lesions, membranous disruptions, and/or growth disturbances. The polycystic kidney disease (PKD) showsspecific pathological characteristics, related to mutations on PKD1 and/or PKD2 chromosome locus on humans. In Persiancats and bull terriers the condition is like the human “adult-onset” PKD, while in Perendale sheep the “childhood”-like isdescribed. In cetaceans, RCD are reported, however the characterization of PKD is scarcely described. This report aimsto describe two cases of PKD and one of RCD in stranded Steno bredanensis, and to discuss the disease associated factors.Cases: Four rough-toothed-dolphins were found stranded in the Paraná coast, southern Brazil between 2016 to 2018,through the Santos Basin Beach Monitoring Project (PMP-BS), one of the systematic monitoring programs required byBrazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) for the environmental licensing processof oil production and transport by Petrobras in the presalt province. In three animals histological sampling was performed.One of them (animal 3) was found alive, presenting altered buoyancy with lateralization to the right and signs of pneumonia. The blood analysis showed anemia and leukocytosis. The animal showed poor clinical prognosis, and even withsupportive treatment, come to death four days after the rescue. Routine autopsies were performed on all animals. Animals1 and 2 presented macroscopically enlarged kidneys containing disseminated cystic...(AU)

Liver cysts in a kitten with Platynosomum sp

Background: Hepatic cysts are rarely described in association with infections by Platynosomum sp. Infected animals are most often asymptomatic, and the severity of symptoms is associated with the number of biliary tract parasites, which may lead to cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis. Although platinosomiasis is often associated with cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis, it rarely is with polycystic disease. For the parasite's life cycle to occur, the infected cat must eliminate the eggs in the feces and three intermediate hosts are needed: snails, terrestrial isopods and vertebrates like the frog or the gecko. The eggs are ingested by the snails, then the miracids are released and matured into the mother sporocyst form, which originates child sporocysts containing the cercariae, that leave the mollusks for the soil and are ingested by the terrestrial isopod in which the cercariae matures until metacercariae. Vertebrates ingest terrestrial isopods and are ingested by felines. The present study aimed to report an unusual case of platinosomiasis with the development of multiple hepatic cysts. Case: A mixed breed male kitten was admitted with a history of apathy, hyporexia, increased abdominal volume and jaundice. In the ultrasound examination, we could see hepatomegaly and several hypoecogenic rounded structures, similar to cysts. There was an increase of serum concentration of the hepatic enzymes alanine transaminase and gamma glutamyl transferase enzyme. The parasite's eggs were investigated in the patient's feces using the simple sedimentation method, with a negative result. The animal was submitted to celiotomy and it was possible to observe several cystic structures in the liver. The cysts content was sent to cytology and culture. Cytology result was compatible with liver cyst and there was no bacterial growth in the culture. Bile fluid was collected and sent for Platynosomum sp. research using the centrifugal sedimentation test in formalin-ether solution, which allowed the parasite's eggs to be observed. The cat was treated with praziquantel,silymarin, S-Adenosyl methionine, and ursodeoxycholic acid. The patient gradually improved from jaundice and there was a reduction in abdominal volume. Discussion: This report describes a case of platinossomiasis associated with polycystic liver disease in a domestic cat, which seems to be an uncommon presentation. Most infected cats are asymptomatic, but some animals may exhibit anorexia, apathy, increased abdominal volume due to hepatomegaly and/or ascitis and jaundice. Although infestation in domestic cats is relatively common, its association with liver cysts is rare or poorly reported in the literature, representing a diagnostic challenge, which makes mandatory the inclusion of this differential diagnosis in polycystic liver diseases in cats. The diagnosis of this parasitosis can be made based on the association among clinical signs, laboratory tests and ultrasound examination, but the definitive diagnosis is usually made by visualizing the parasite's eggs. In the case described, it was not possible to observe parasite's eggs in the patient's feces, but in the bile. Platynosomum sp. infection should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of polycystic liver disease in cats, especially in countries with tropical or subtropical climate. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment were fundamental for the improvement of the patient's clinical condition.

Ovário policístico em cadela / Policy ovarium in bitch

Os cistos ovarianos são frequentemente diagnosticados em cadelas, eles são classicamente definidos como estruturas repletas de líquido que se desenvolvem no interior dos ovários. Podem ser encontrados de forma única ou múltiplas unilaterais ou bilaterais. Quando os cistos são múltiplos, são nomeados de ovário policístico. Relata-se o caso de uma cadela, fêmea, da raça poodle com queixa de cio persistente a mais de 30 e sangramento persistente. Foi solicitada ultrassonografia no qual foram visualizados no ovário esquerdo vários cistos condizentes com o diagnóstico de ovário policístico. O protocolo instituído para esse animal foi o da ovário-histerectomia total.(AU)

Ovarian cysts are often diagnosed in female dogs, they are classically defined as fluid-filled structures that develop inside the ovaries. They can be found single or multiple unilaterally or bilaterally. When cysts are multiple, they are named polycystic ovary. We report the case of a female poodle dog with persistent heat stress over 30 years old and persistent bleeding. Ultrasound was requested in which several cysts consistent with the diagnosis of polycystic ovary were visualized in the left ovary. The protocol instituted for this animal was total ovarian hysterectomy.(AU)

Ovário policístico em cadela / Policy ovarium in bitch

Os cistos ovarianos são frequentemente diagnosticados em cadelas, eles são classicamente definidos como estruturas repletas de líquido que se desenvolvem no interior dos ovários. Podem ser encontrados de forma única ou múltiplas unilaterais ou bilaterais. Quando os cistos são múltiplos, são nomeados de ovário policístico. Relata-se o caso de uma cadela, fêmea, da raça poodle com queixa de cio persistente a mais de 30 e sangramento persistente. Foi solicitada ultrassonografia no qual foram visualizados no ovário esquerdo vários cistos condizentes com o diagnóstico de ovário policístico. O protocolo instituído para esse animal foi o da ovário-histerectomia total.

Ovarian cysts are often diagnosed in female dogs, they are classically defined as fluid-filled structures that develop inside the ovaries. They can be found single or multiple unilaterally or bilaterally. When cysts are multiple, they are named polycystic ovary. We report the case of a female poodle dog with persistent heat stress over 30 years old and persistent bleeding. Ultrasound was requested in which several cysts consistent with the diagnosis of polycystic ovary were visualized in the left ovary. The protocol instituted for this animal was total ovarian hysterectomy.

Cardiac structural and functional findings in Persian cats with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease / Achados estruturais e funcionais cardíacos em gatos persas com doença renal policística autossômica dominante

ABAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has been related to left ventricular structural and functional abnormalities in human patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the cardiac structural and functional findings in Persian cats with ADPKD. Client-owned ADPKD (n=12) and non-ADPKD (n=12) Persian cats were enrolled in this study. The animals underwent echo- and electrocardiographic (ECG) examinations, and non-invasive measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were obtained. Both groups were similar regarding hematological and biochemical parameters, including white blood cell count and levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein and thyroxine. There were no differences related to ECG parameters between ADPKD and non-ADPKD cats. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was demonstrated in 6/12 (50%) normotensive ADPKD cats with preserved renal function. There were no differences between animal groups regarding the echocardiographic parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction and shortening fraction; however, basal interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole near the left ventricular outflow tract and aortic artery flow velocity showed slightly elevated values in ADPKD-cats. Our study revealed that Persian cats with ADPKD do not reproduce the functional and structural cardiac phenotype reported in human patients; however, large-scale cohort studies are necessary to distinguish the possibilities of a true linkage between ventricular myocardial hypertrophy and ADPKD in this breed.(AU)

A doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD) tem sido relacionada a anormalidades estruturais e funcionais de ventrículo esquerdo em pacientes humanos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os achados estruturais e funcionais cardíacos em gatos persas com DRPAD. Gatos persas pertencentes à clientes com DRPAD (n=12) e sem DRPAD (n=12) foram envolvidos neste trabalho. Os animais foram submetidos aos exames de eco e eletrocardiografia (ECG) e foram obtidas medições não-invasivas da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS). Ambos os grupos apresentaram valores semelhantes em relação aos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos, incluindo contagem de glóbulos brancos e níveis séricos de ureia, creatinina, proteína total e tiroxina. Não houve diferença em relação aos parâmetros do ECG entre os gatos com ou sem DRPAD. A hipertrofia ventricular esquerda foi demonstrada em 6/12 (50%) dos gatos normotensos com DRPAD e função renal preservada. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos em relação aos parâmetros ecocardiográficos, incluindo fração de ejeção e fração de encurtamento do ventrículo esquerdo, entretanto a espessura septal interventricular basal na diástole na via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo e a velocidade do fluxo da artéria aórtica mostraram valores ligeiramente elevados em gatos com DRPAD. Nosso estudo revelou que gatos persas com DRPAD não reproduzem o fenótipo cardíaco funcional e estrutural encontrado em pacientes humanos. No entanto, estudos de coorte em larga escala são necessários para distinguir as possibilidades de uma verdadeira ligação entre a hipertrofia ventricular do miocárdio e a DRPAD nesta raça.(AU)

Ovários policisticos epidermóides e hipoplasia uterina em uma vaca bovina / Epidermoid polycystic ovaries and uterine hypoplasia in a cow

Background: Ovarian cysts originate from mature follicles that do not ovulate within the predicted time according to the oestrous cycle. Dermoid cysts are structures lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, without adjacent epidermal structures, filled by keratinic debris and amorphous proteinaceus material. They are small, located below the cortex, near the hilus. There is controversy regarding the teratogenicity of the dermoid cyst. Some authors use the nomenclature of benign cystic ovarian teratoma, others, reports that although the fibrous wall and histological features are similar to teratomas, it is not associated with this germ cell-derived neoplasia. Case: Ovaries and uterus were received from a female, adult bovine, Nelore, from a slaughterhouse. The left ovary measured 6.5x5.0x3.9 cm and weighed 80 g; the right ovary measured 5.7x3.7x3.0 cm and weighed 60 g. Grossly, the ovaries were similar, presenting floating consistency, multilobulated and pointed aspect, and at the cut surface, there was extravasation of mucopurulent content of whitish colour. Regarding to the uterus, macroscopically, the uterine horns were infantile and decrease in the diameter. Fragments of the tissues were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological examination and the staining of the slides was done with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopically, in the ovaries, it was observed rare vestigial elements of ovary identifying an atresic follicle. Polycystic formation with cysts exhibiting partial or total coating of a keratinized squamous epithelium was also observed. In the lumen abundant keratinous material was present. The uterine microscopy revealed compact endometrium with areas variably infiltrated by lymphocytes, plasmocytes and occasional neutrophils. Areas devoid of endometrial glands were observed

Ovários policisticos epidermóides e hipoplasia uterina em uma vaca bovina / Epidermoid polycystic ovaries and uterine hypoplasia in a cow

Background: Ovarian cysts originate from mature follicles that do not ovulate within the predicted time according to the oestrous cycle. Dermoid cysts are structures lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, without adjacent epidermal structures, filled by keratinic debris and amorphous proteinaceus material. They are small, located below the cortex, near the hilus. There is controversy regarding the teratogenicity of the dermoid cyst. Some authors use the nomenclature of benign cystic ovarian teratoma, others, reports that although the fibrous wall and histological features are similar to teratomas, it is not associated with this germ cell-derived neoplasia. Case: Ovaries and uterus were received from a female, adult bovine, Nelore, from a slaughterhouse. The left ovary measured 6.5x5.0x3.9 cm and weighed 80 g; the right ovary measured 5.7x3.7x3.0 cm and weighed 60 g. Grossly, the ovaries were similar, presenting floating consistency, multilobulated and pointed aspect, and at the cut surface, there was extravasation of mucopurulent content of whitish colour. Regarding to the uterus, macroscopically, the uterine horns were infantile and decrease in the diameter. Fragments of the tissues were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological examination and the staining of the slides was done with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopically, in the ovaries, it was observed rare vestigial elements of ovary identifying an atresic follicle. Polycystic formation with cysts exhibiting partial or total coating of a keratinized squamous epithelium was also observed. In the lumen abundant keratinous material was present. The uterine microscopy revealed compact endometrium with areas variably infiltrated by lymphocytes, plasmocytes and occasional neutrophils. Areas devoid of endometrial glands were observed…(AU)

Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian-related cats in Brazil

Abstract Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disease in cats. However, scarce data on its prevalence are available in Brazil. Persian cats and Persian-related breeds were assessed by molecular genotyping for a C to A transversion in exon 29 of PKD1 gene to determine ADPKD prevalence in a Brazilian population. Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral whole blood or oral swabs samples was used to amplify exon 29 of PKD1 gene employing a PCR-RFLP methodology. From a total of 616 animals, 27/537 Persian and 1/17 Himalayan cats showed the single-nucleotide variant (C to A) at position 3284 in exon 29 of feline PKD1. This pathogenic variation has been identified only in heterozygous state. The prevalence of ADPKD in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds was 5.03% and 1.6%, respectively. There was no significant association between feline breed, gender or age with ADPKD prevalence. Of note, the observed ADPKD prevalence in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds in Brazil was lower than the ones reported in other parts of the world. This finding may be related to genetic counseling and consequent selection of ADPKD-free cats for reproduction.

Resumo A doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD) é a doença genética mais comum em gatos. No entanto, poucos dados sobre sua prevalência estão disponíveis no Brasil. Gatos Persas e de raças relacionadas foram avaliados por genotipagem molecular para a transversão CA no exon 29 do gene PKD1 felino para determinar a prevalência de DRPAD. DNA genômico extraído de sangue total periférico ou amostras de swabs orais foram utilizados para amplificar o exon 29 do gene PKD1 pela técnica de PCR-RFLP. De um total de 616 gatos, 27/537 Persas e 1/17 Himalaia mostraram a variante de nucleotídeo único (CA) na posição 3284 no exon 29 do gene PKD1. Esta variante patogênica foi identificada apenas em heterozigose. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas foram de 5,03% e 1,6%, respectivamente. Não houve associações significativas entre raça, gênero ou idade dos felinos e incidência de DRPAD. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas no Brasil foi menor do que em outras partes do mundo, o que pode estar relacionado ao aconselhamento genético e consequente seleção de gatos sem ADPKD para reprodução.

Polycystic ovary syndrome in nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus / Síndrome do ovário policístico em tilápia do nilo, Oreochromis niloticus

This study presented a case report of a female of Oreochromis niloticus in the reproductive age. In the clinical analysis, the animal showed intense abdominal distension, severe cachexia, retraction of the eyeball and lethargic behavior. At the necropsy, it was observed the presence of neoplastic mass in the peritoneal cavity which presented smooth surface, circular appearance, soft consistency and reddish-blackened focal regions. There was the formation of multiple cysts, which presented a yellowish-green liquid content in the cut. In the histopathological examination, multiple dilatations were observed, filled with amorphous eosinophilic material with a delicate fibrocolagenous wall, as well as detachment of the granulosa and theca cells. The presence of macrophage infiltrates with hemosiderin pigments was also observed. The macroscopic and microscopic findings confirm the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome; however the causes of this cystic disease were not understood.

Este estudo apresentou um relato de caso de uma fêmea de Oreochromis niloticus na idade reprodutiva. Na análise clínica, o animal apresentava intensa distensão abdominal, caquexia severa, retração do globo ocular e comportamento letárgico. Na necropsia, observou-se a presença de massa neoplásica na cavidade peritoneal, apresentando superfície lisa, aspecto circular, consistência mole e regiões focais escurecidas de vermelho. Existia a formação de múltiplos cistos, que ao corte apresentavam um conteúdo líquido verde-amarelado. No exame histopatológico, foram observadas dilatações múltiplas, preenchidas com material eosinofílico amorfo com delicada parede fibrocolagenosa, além de descolamento das células da granulosa e da teca. A presença de infiltrados de macrófagos com pigmentos de hemossiderina também foi observada. Os achados macroscópicos e microscópicos confirmam o diagnóstico de síndrome do ovário policístico; no entanto, as causas desta doença cística não foram compreendidas.

Polycystic ovary syndrome in nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus / Síndrome do ovário policístico em tilápia do nilo, Oreochromis niloticus

This study presented a case report of a female of Oreochromis niloticus in the reproductive age. In the clinical analysis, the animal showed intense abdominal distension, severe cachexia, retraction of the eyeball and lethargic behavior. At the necropsy, it was observed the presence of neoplastic mass in the peritoneal cavity which presented smooth surface, circular appearance, soft consistency and reddish-blackened focal regions. There was the formation of multiple cysts, which presented a yellowish-green liquid content in the cut. In the histopathological examination, multiple dilatations were observed, filled with amorphous eosinophilic material with a delicate fibrocolagenous wall, as well as detachment of the granulosa and theca cells. The presence of macrophage infiltrates with hemosiderin pigments was also observed. The macroscopic and microscopic findings confirm the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome; however the causes of this cystic disease were not understood.(AU)

Este estudo apresentou um relato de caso de uma fêmea de Oreochromis niloticus na idade reprodutiva. Na análise clínica, o animal apresentava intensa distensão abdominal, caquexia severa, retração do globo ocular e comportamento letárgico. Na necropsia, observou-se a presença de massa neoplásica na cavidade peritoneal, apresentando superfície lisa, aspecto circular, consistência mole e regiões focais escurecidas de vermelho. Existia a formação de múltiplos cistos, que ao corte apresentavam um conteúdo líquido verde-amarelado. No exame histopatológico, foram observadas dilatações múltiplas, preenchidas com material eosinofílico amorfo com delicada parede fibrocolagenosa, além de descolamento das células da granulosa e da teca. A presença de infiltrados de macrófagos com pigmentos de hemossiderina também foi observada. Os achados macroscópicos e microscópicos confirmam o diagnóstico de síndrome do ovário policístico; no entanto, as causas desta doença cística não foram compreendidas.(AU)

Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian-related cats in Brazil

Abstract Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disease in cats. However, scarce data on its prevalence are available in Brazil. Persian cats and Persian-related breeds were assessed by molecular genotyping for a C to A transversion in exon 29 of PKD1 gene to determine ADPKD prevalence in a Brazilian population. Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral whole blood or oral swabs samples was used to amplify exon 29 of PKD1 gene employing a PCR-RFLP methodology. From a total of 616 animals, 27/537 Persian and 1/17 Himalayan cats showed the single-nucleotide variant (C to A) at position 3284 in exon 29 of feline PKD1. This pathogenic variation has been identified only in heterozygous state. The prevalence of ADPKD in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds was 5.03% and 1.6%, respectively. There was no significant association between feline breed, gender or age with ADPKD prevalence. Of note, the observed ADPKD prevalence in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds in Brazil was lower than the ones reported in other parts of the world. This finding may be related to genetic counseling and consequent selection of ADPKD-free cats for reproduction.

Resumo A doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD) é a doença genética mais comum em gatos. No entanto, poucos dados sobre sua prevalência estão disponíveis no Brasil. Gatos Persas e de raças relacionadas foram avaliados por genotipagem molecular para a transversão CA no exon 29 do gene PKD1 felino para determinar a prevalência de DRPAD. DNA genômico extraído de sangue total periférico ou amostras de swabs orais foram utilizados para amplificar o exon 29 do gene PKD1 pela técnica de PCR-RFLP. De um total de 616 gatos, 27/537 Persas e 1/17 Himalaia mostraram a variante de nucleotídeo único (CA) na posição 3284 no exon 29 do gene PKD1. Esta variante patogênica foi identificada apenas em heterozigose. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas foram de 5,03% e 1,6%, respectivamente. Não houve associações significativas entre raça, gênero ou idade dos felinos e incidência de DRPAD. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas no Brasil foi menor do que em outras partes do mundo, o que pode estar relacionado ao aconselhamento genético e consequente seleção de gatos sem ADPKD para reprodução.

Combination of melatonin and metformin hydrochloride for treatment polycystic ovarian in female rats

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological endocrine disorder, results in menstrual abnormalities, androgynism and infertility. In the case of women or others animals with PCOS wishing to treat infertility with the aim of becoming pregnant, the most commonly used is metformin hydrochloride. Recent studies have analyzed the combination of metformin hydrochloride with melatonin in oncological treatment but not to treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of the combination of metformin hydrochloride and melatonin in the treatment of PCOS to improve the fertility of rats and your hormonal alterations. Materials, Methods & Results: This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the University of Federal Rural of Pernambuco (Permit Number: 23081.009130/2010). A total of 50 albino Wistar rats were used. The animal laboratory of an academic research environment, were randomly separated into five groups consisting of 10 females each. After inducing PCOS, the rats were treated with metformin hydrochloride, and/or melatonin, and the results compared with standard and ultrasound confirmed. [...](AU)

Combination of melatonin and metformin hydrochloride for treatment polycystic ovarian in female rats

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological endocrine disorder, results in menstrual abnormalities, androgynism and infertility. In the case of women or others animals with PCOS wishing to treat infertility with the aim of becoming pregnant, the most commonly used is metformin hydrochloride. Recent studies have analyzed the combination of metformin hydrochloride with melatonin in oncological treatment but not to treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of the combination of metformin hydrochloride and melatonin in the treatment of PCOS to improve the fertility of rats and your hormonal alterations. Materials, Methods & Results: This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the University of Federal Rural of Pernambuco (Permit Number: 23081.009130/2010). A total of 50 albino Wistar rats were used. The animal laboratory of an academic research environment, were randomly separated into five groups consisting of 10 females each. After inducing PCOS, the rats were treated with metformin hydrochloride, and/or melatonin, and the results compared with standard and ultrasound confirmed. [...]

MicroRNAs EM AMOSTRAS DE PLASMA E SORO DE FELINOS DOMÉSTICOS HÍGIDOS E COM DOENÇA DOS RINS POLICÍSTICOS

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) são pequenos RNAs não codantes (ncRNA) que regulam a expressão gênica em um nível pós-transcricional, silenciando o RNA mensageiro alvo (mRNA). A doença renal policística (DRP), também conhecida como doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD), é uma condição geneticamente heterogênea caracterizada pela formação de cistos no parênquima renal. É a doença hereditária mais prevalente em gatos domésticos. Foi proposto que um único miRNA pode ter como alvo centenas de genes, e que um gene pode ser alvo de vários miRNAs. Essas partículas de RNA não codantes têm funções regulatórios importantes em muitos processos biológicos e podem induzir a cistogênese da DRP por influenciar vários genes alvos, bem como por regular diretamente a expressão do gene felino responsável pela codificação da proteína policistina-1 (PKD1). Neste trabalho foram quantificados e comparados cinco tipos de miRNAs (miR-20a, -192, -365, -15b-5p e -16-5p) em amostras de plasma e soro de felinos domésticos; esse tipo de amostra é fácil de trabalhar e possui potencial diagnóstico e 2 prognóstico. O protocolo padronizado de RT-rtPCR usou 100 L de amostras de plasma ou soro como fontes de moléculas de biomarcadores. No grupo controle, com dez amostras de animais hígidos, demonstrou-se que o soro fornece maiores quantidades de miRNA do que as amostras de plasma, com p <0,0001 para miR-20a e p <0,0002 para miR-16-5p. Tanto em animais hígidos quanto no grupo portador da mutação PKD1 (n = 9), a concentração de miRNA é maior no soro quando comparado ao plasma, com p = 0,0011 para miR-20a, e p = 0,0003 para miR-16-5p. O miR-20a sérico é mais expresso no grupo PKD com p < 0,005; a análise da curva Roc obteve uma área sob a curva (AUC) de 90,1%, e ponto de corte com sensibilidade de 77,8% e especificidade de 100%. Esses dados fornecem valiosas informações sobre a expressão de miRNA renal em amostragem de sangue periférico de felinos domésticos.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level by silencing targeted messenger RNA (mRNA). Polycystic kidney disease (PKD), also known as autosomal-dominant polycystic disease (ADPKD) is a genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by cysts in renal parenchyma. It is the most prevalent inherited disease of domestic cats. It has been proposed that a single miRNA can target more than hundred genes and one gene can be target of several miRNAs. These non-coding RNA particles have important regulatory roles in a board range of biological processes, and they may induce PKD cytogenesis by affecting targets genes, as well as by directly regulating the expression of feline gene that is responsible for encoding polycystin-1 protein (PKD1). In this study we quantified and 3 compared the relative expression profile of five miRNAs (miR-20a, -192, -365, -15b-5p, and -16-5p) from plasma and serum samples of domestic felines; these types of samples are easy to handle and have diagnostic and prognostic potential. Our RT-rtPCR procedure used 100 L of either plasma or serum samples as sources of biomarker molecules. In ten samples of healthy cats on the control group, it was shown that the serum provided more miRNA than plasma samples, with a p < 0.0001 for miR-20a and p < 0.0002 for miR-16- 5p. Both in healthy animals and the PKD1 carrier group (n = 9), there are more miRNAs in serum when compared with plasma, with a p = 0,0011 for miR-20a and p = 0,0003 for miR-16-5p. Serum miR-20a is upregulated in PKD group with p < 0.005; Roc curve analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 90,1%, with a cut-off value sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 100%. This data provides valuable information regarding renal miRNA expression in peripheral blood sampling of domestic felines

Identificação da presença da mutação do gene da PKD não associada a CMH em gatos Persas - relato de caso / Identification of the presence of the mutation of the gene of PKD not associated with mutation of MYBPC3-A31P of HCM in Persian cats - Case Report

A doença renal policística (PKD) é uma doença hereditária autossômica dominante que acomete principalmente gatos da raça Persa sendo importante causa de doença renal crônica nesta espécie. A miocardiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é a doença cardíaca mais comum de gatos, com evidência de origem genética em algumas raças. Apesar de serem doenças frequentemente descritas em gatos, segundo a literatura revisada, este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência concomitante de PKD e CMH em gatos da raça Persa no Brasil.(AU)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a hereditary autosomal dominant disorder that mainly affects Persian cats; it is an important cause of chronic kidney disease in this species. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in cats, and there is evidence of a genetic origin in some breeds. Although neither of these disorders is rare in cats, according to our literature review, this is the first report of the concomitant occurrence of PKD and HCM in Persian cats in Brazil.(AU)