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3.
An Sist Sanit Navar ; 37(1): 91-8, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24871114

RESUMO

Isolation of the airway sometimes determines the survival or death of the patient. To anticipate the presence of a difficult airway (DA) there are a number of indicators that are validated for hospitals: Mallampati, sternum and thyromental distance, interdental distance and Cormack grade. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of these indicators in the ambulatory setting and to know the incidence of DA. This data was collected from 324 intubations. Most patients were males (65.2%). The average age of the population was 63 years and no significant difference in age between DA and DA was found. A DA presence of 20.7% was objectified and an alternative device utilization of 21.4%. The thyromental distance was abnormal in 59% of patients and sternomentonal distance in 56.4% but neither showed an association with the presence of DA (p = 0.681 and p = 0.415 respectively). Interdental distance was less than 3 cm if presence is associated with DA (p = 0.005). The sensitivity and specificity of all measures are low. According to our series the sternum and thyromental distance are not useful in the ambulatory setting, but interdental distance is useful for predicting a DA.


Assuntos
Manuseio das Vias Aéreas , Assistência Ambulatorial , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/estatística & dados numéricos , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
7.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 19(5): 241-244, oct. 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056350

RESUMO

Objetivo: Mediante las instrucciones previas (IP) una persona puede plasmar en un documento las preferencias que tiene con relación a los cuidados de salud y destino de su cuerpo u órganos una vez él no está capacitado para expresarlo. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el grado de conocimiento y aceptación de las IP entre médicos y enfermeros de un servicio de emergencias extrahospitalario. Material y Método: Se enviaron encuestas autoadministradas a todos los profesionales sanitarios del servicio con una serie de preguntas. Resultados: De las 200 encuestas enviadas sólo fueron contestadas 49. El 58,3% de los respondedores eran enfermeros y el 41,7% médicos. A la pregunta ¿sabe lo qué es un documento de voluntades anticipadas? contestaron afirmativamente el 73,5% de los respondedores. A la pregunta ¿sabe lo qué es una orden de no iniciar reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP)? contestaron sí el 81,6%. El 51% afirmaron haber preguntado alguna vez sobre si alguien conocía las preferencias del paciente antes de iniciar maniobras de RCP. El 83,3% de los que respondieron la encuesta estaban dispuestos a hacerse una IP. Ninguno de los respondedores tenían una IP a su nombre. Sólo un 18,4% afirmaba conocer la legislación vigente al respecto. Conclusión: Con estos datos se concluye que las IP tienen una buena aceptación entre los profesionales sanitarios pero todavía tienen poca información sobre la misma (AU)


Aims and purpose: Through a document of “aforegoing instructions” (Vital Testament, Previous Dispositions), any person may lay down documentarily his or her preferences regarding health care and the final destination of his/her body and/or organs whenever the time should come that he/she is not able to personally exptress them. The aim of the present work is to assess thre degree of knowledge and acceptance of such “Aforegoing Instructions” documnts among health care professionals (medical and nursing staff) of an extrahospitalary emergency service. Material and methods: Self-administered survey questionnaires with a number of items / questions were sent to all health care professionals in the Service. Results: Only 49 questionnaires out of 200 mailed were completed and returned. Among the total number of responders, 58.3% were nurses (male and female) and 41.7% physicians. The question asking whether the surveyee knew what an “aforegoing instructions” (anticipated will, vital testament, etc.) document is was answered in the positive by 73.5% of the responders; 81.6% answered affirmatively to the question whether they knew what an order not to begin advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation or DNAR. Fifty-one per cent stated they had sometime asked whether anyone knew or was aware of the patient’s preferences before starting CPR manoeuvres. Some 83.3% of the responders stated they would be willing to prepare an “Aforegoing Instructions” document for themselves, yet none had done so. Only 18.4% stated they knew the current legislation involved. Conclusions: Considering the above data, we conclude that “Aforegoing Instructions” documents enjoy good acceptance among health care professionals, yet that the latter have as yet but scanty information on this subject (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Emergências/epidemiologia , Assistência Ambulatorial , 24419 , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/educação , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Médicos , Análise de Variância
8.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 19(5): 251-254, oct. 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056352

RESUMO

I ntroducción: El intento autolítico (IA) supone uno de los motivos de llamada de emergencia más frecuente en nuestro medio. Uno de los métodos más habituales para realizar un IA es la utilización de fármacos. En el año 2005 casi un 1% de las llamadas de emergencia en la Comunidad de Madrid alertaban por un posible IA por fármacos. Nuestro objetivo es conocer las características de esta población. Material y método: Se revisan de forma retrospectiva las historias de 4 meses (septiembre-diciembre 2005) que hayan tenido como diagnóstico final “intento autolítico por fármacos”. Se recogieron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, IA previos, patología psiquiátrica, fármaco y cantidad ingerida y tratamiento administrado. Resultados: Se recogieron 145 historias. De estos pacientes el 65,8% eran mujeres. La mediana de la edad se situó en 37 años. Un 19,2% habían realizado un IA previo. La patología psiquiátrica más frecuente fue el trastorno del estado de ánimo (43,4%) seguido de las dependencias (9%), los trastornos psicóticos (2,8%) y los trastornos de la alimentación (1,4%). El grupo de fármacos más utilizado fue las benzodiacepinas (57,6%), seguido de los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de la serotonina (7,9%). El fármaco más usado con fines autolíticos resulto ser el loracepam (15,1%), pero existe una gran variabilidad. El tratamiento extrahospitalario efectuado más veces fue la administración de flumazenilo (52,1%). Conclusiones: De nuestra serie se concluye que el paciente que más frecuentemente realiza un IA en nuestro medio es una mujer entre 20 y 40 años con trastorno del estado de ánimo que no ha tenido IA previos. Los fármacos más usados para el IA son las benzodiacepinas y, evidentemente, el tratamiento más veces aplicado fue el flumazenilo (AU)


Background: Suicidal or autolytic attempts (SA, AA) represent one of the most frequent causes for emergency calls in our environment. Drugs are among the most frequent instruments selected in and for SA / AA: in the year 2005, almost 1% of the emergency calls within the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain) alerted about possible drug-implemented SA / AA. The aim of the present study was to assess the characteristics of this particular population. Material and methods: Retrospective review of all clinical records over four months (September to December 2005) with a final diagnosis of “Drug-Implemented Autolytic Attempt”. The following variables were recorded and analysed: age, gender, previous SA / AA, psychiatric conditions, involved drug and ingested quantity, and implemented therapy. Results: A total of 145 clinical records were reviewed and analysed. Among this patient population, 65.8% were females. The age median was 37 years. A previous SA / AA was recorded in 19.2% of the cases. The most frequent associated psychiatric condition was depression / anxiety disorder (43.4%), followed by drug dependency states (9%), psychotic disorders (2.8%) and food intake disorders (1.4%). The most frequently involved drug group were the benzodiazepines (57.6%), followed by selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (7.9%). More precisely, the most frequently involved single drug was lorazepam (15.1%), though the variability was considerable. Flumazenil administration was the most frequently used (52.1%) extrahospitalary therapeutic measure. Conclusions: From our series it can be concluded that the patient most frequently undertaking a SA / AA in our environment is a female, 20 to 40 years old, with a depressive / anxious disorders and with no foregoing SA / AA. The drugs most frequently involved in such attempts are the benzodiazepines and, evidently, the most frequently applied therapeutic measure was flumazenil administration (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Humanos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Linhas Diretas/tendências , Preparações Farmacêuticas/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Transtornos Psicóticos Afetivos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/terapia , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Tentativa de Suicídio/tendências , Benzodiazepinas/efeitos adversos , Identificação da Emergência , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/toxicidade , Estudos Transversais , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/epidemiologia
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