Multidisciplinary approach of the sequelae one month after hospital discharge in patients with severe bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia, are there differences depending on the respiratory therapy used during admission to intensive care?

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sequelae one month after hospital discharge in patients who required admission to Intensive Care for severe COVID 19 pneumonia and to analyze the differences between those who received therapy exclusively with high-flow oxygen therapy compared to those who required invasive mechanical ventilation. DESIGN: Cohort, prospective and observational study. SETTING: Post-intensive care multidisciplinary program. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Patients who survived admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe COVID 19 pneumonia from April 2020 to October 2021. INTERVENTIONS: Inclusion in the post-ICU multidisciplinary program. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Motor, sensory, psychological/psychiatric, respiratory and nutritional sequelae after hospital admission. RESULTS: 104 patients were included. 48 patients received high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (ONAF) and 56 invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The main sequelae found were distal neuropathy (33.9% IMV vs 10.4% ONAF); brachial plexopathy (10.7% IMV vs 0% ONAF); decrease in grip strength: right hand 20.67kg (±8.27) in VMI vs 31.8kg (±11.59) in ONAF and left hand 19.39kg (±8.45) in VMI vs 30.26kg (±12.74) in ONAF; and limited muscle balance in the lower limbs (28.6% VMI vs 8.6% ONAF). The differences observed between both groups did not reach statistical significance in the multivariable study. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained after the multivariate study suggest that there are no differences in the perceived physical sequelae one month after hospital discharge depending on the respiratory therapy used, whether it was high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or prolonged mechanical ventilation, although more studies are needed to be able to draw conclusions.

[Multidisciplinary approach of the sequelae one month after hospital discharge in patients with severe bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia, are there differences depending on the respiratory therapy used during admission to intensive care?] / Valoración multidisciplinar de las secuelas al mes del alta hospitalaria por neumonía grave COVID-19, ¿existen diferencias en función de la terapia respiratoria empleada durante su ingreso en Cuidados Intensivos?

Objective: To describe the sequelae one month after hospital discharge in patients who required admission to intensive care for severe COVID-19 pneumonia and to analyze the differences between those who received therapy exclusively with high-flow oxygen therapy compared to those who required invasive mechanical ventilation. Design: Cohort, prospective and observational study. Setting: Post-intensive care multidisciplinary program. Patients or participants: Patients who survived admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe COVID-19 pneumonia from April 2020 to October 2021. Interventions: Inclusion in the post-ICU multidisciplinary program. Main variables of interest: Motor, sensory, psychological/psychiatric, respiratory and nutritional sequelae after hospital admission. Results: One hundred and four patients were included. 48 patients received high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (ONAF) and 56 invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The main sequelae found were distal neuropathy (33.9% IMV vs. 10.4% ONAF); brachial plexopathy (10.7% IMV vs. 0% ONAF); decrease in grip strength: right hand 20.67 kg (± 8.27) in VMI vs. 31.8 kg (± 11.59) in ONAF and left hand 19.39 kg (± 8.45) in VMI vs. 30.26 kg (± 12.74) in ONAF; and limited muscle balance in the lower limbs (28.6% VMI vs. 8.6% ONAF). The differences observed between both groups did not reach statistical significance in the multivariable study. Conclusions: The results obtained after the multivariate study suggest that there are no differences in the perceived physical sequelae one month after hospital discharge depending on the respiratory therapy used, whether it was high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or prolonged mechanical ventilation, although more studies are needed to be able to draw conclusions.

Nicotine inhibits MAPK signaling and spheroid invasion in ovarian cancer cells.

Nicotine is the major addictive component of cigarette smoke and although it is not considered carcinogenic, it can enhance or inhibit cancer cell proliferation depending on the type of cancer. Nicotine mediates its effects through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are expressed in many different neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. We observed that the nAChR α4, α5, α7 subunits were expressed in ovarian cancer (OC) cells. Nicotine inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 and TOV112D OC cells, which have TP53 mutation and wild-type KRAS, but did not inhibit the proliferation of TOV21G or HEY OC cells, which have KRAS mutation and wild-type TP53. Exposure to nicotine for 96 h led to a significant reduction in the amounts of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in SKOV3 cells, and in activated ERK in TOV112D cells. In addition, SKOV3 and TOV112D invasion and spheroid formation were substantially inhibited by siRNA knockdown of mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), or MEK inhibition. Nicotine treatment reduced SKOV3 and TOV112D spheroid invasion and compaction but did not significantly affect spheroid formation. Furthermore, SKOV3 spheroid invasion was blocked by p38 inhibition with SB202190, but not by MEK inhibition with U0126; whereas TOV112D spheroid invasion was reduced by MEK inhibition, but not by p38 inhibition. These results indicate that nicotine can suppress spheroid invasion and compaction as well as proliferation in SKOV3 and TOV112D OC cells; and p38 and ERK MAPK signaling pathways are important mediators of these responses.

The Latin American experience of allografting patients with severe aplastic anaemia: real-world data on the impact of stem cell source and ATG administration in HLA-identical sibling transplants.

We studied 298 patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) allografted in four Latin American countries. The source of cells was bone marrow (BM) in 94 patients and PBSCs in 204 patients. Engraftment failed in 8.1% of recipients with no difference between BM and PBSCs (P=0.08). Incidence of acute GvHD (aGvHD) for BM and PBSCs was 30% vs 32% (P=0.18), and for grades III-IV was 2.6% vs 11.6% (P=0.01). Chronic GvHD (cGvHD) between BM and PBSCs was 37% vs 59% (P=0.002) and extensive 5% vs 23.6% (P=0.01). OS was 74% vs 76% for BM vs PBSCs (P=0.95). Event-free survival was superior in patients conditioned with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)-based regimens compared with other regimens (79% vs 61%, P=0.001) as excessive secondary graft failure was seen with other regimens (10% vs 26%, P=0.005) respectively. In multivariate analysis, aGvHD II-IV (hazard ratio (HR) 2.50, confidence interval (CI) 1.1-5.6, P=0.02) and aGvHD III-IV (HR 8.3 CI 3.4-20.2, P<0.001) proved to be independent negative predictors of survival. In conclusion, BM as a source of cells and ATG-based regimens should be standard because of higher GvHD incidence with PBSCs, although the latter combining with ATG in the conditioning regimen could be an option in selected high-risk patients.

El tipo de parto como variable predictora del desarrollo psicológico y la inteligencia en gemelos / The type of birth as predictor of psychological development and intelligence in twins

Introducción: En los últimos años se ha producido un aumento de las gestaciones múltiples en nuestro entorno. Dada la elevada tasa de prematuridad y complicaciones perinatales que conllevan, constituyen un grupo de especial vulnerabilidad no sólo en el periodo perinatal, sino a largo plazo. Objetivos: Analizar la influencia del tipo de parto y otras variables perinatales, como el orden de nacimiento, en el desarrollo a largo plazo de niños nacidos en un parto gemelar, describiendo los modelos predictivos del mismo respecto al desarrollo psicológico y la inteligencia. Métodos: Hemos realizado un estudio observacional sobre 62 parejas de gemelos de 6 años de edad. Para ello se realizó una evaluación individual de cada uno de los niños con sus madres utilizando las baterías CUMANIN y K-BIT. Igualmente, se recogieron los datos clínicos perinatales. Realizamos un análisis estratificado y multivariante mediante regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: El tipo de parto es la variable que mostró un mayor valor predictivo de las puntuaciones, de forma que los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en los niños nacidos por parto vaginal. Sin embargo, comparativamente, hemos observado la existencia de peores puntuaciones en los segundos gemelos nacidos por vía vaginal en las variables «estructuración espacial», «desarrollo no verbal» y «desarrollo total». Conclusiones: Las variables perinatales predicen los resultados a largo plazo en gemelos. La posible divergencia de intereses prenatales entre hermanos gemelos plantea la necesidad de individualizar cada caso y consensuar con los padres la actuación perinatal (AU)

Introduction: In recent years the incidence of multiple pregnancies has increased in our clinical settings. These mothers and their twin newborns are particularly vulnerable to neonatal mortality and morbidity due to their high rate of prematurity and perinatal complications. Long-term development outcomes have also to be considered. Objectives: To analyze the influence of the mode of delivery and other perinatal variables such as birth order, in the long-term development of twins, describing predictive models regarding psychological development and intelligence. Methods: We conducted an observational study in 62 pairs of 6-years-old twins. We assessed all children and their mothers, using CUMANIN and K-BIT batteries, and collected perinatal clinical data. We perform stratified and multivariate analysis using multiple linear regression. Results: The type of delivery was the variable that showed greater predictive value of the scores, so that the best results were obtained for children born vaginally. However, we have observed the existence of comparatively lower scores in the second twins born vaginally in some of the studied areas: spatial structuring, nonverbal development and overall development. Conclusions: Perinatal variables predict long-term outcomes in twins. Possible different prenatal interests of both co-twins make essential to provide information to parents in order to agree perinatal interventions (AU)

Hendidura esternal. Presentación de un caso en el Cardiocentro Pediátrico «William Soler» (La Habana, Cuba) / Sternal cleft. One patient at Cardiocentro Pediátrico «William Soler» (La Habana, Cuba)

Durante la vida embriológica, el esternón se origina en la misma lámina lateral del mesodermo que forma los músculos pectorales. Las malformaciones congénitas de la pared del tórax comprenden un grupo muy heterogéneo de patologías que presentan como factor etiológico alguna alteración en el desarrollo y/o morfología de las estructuras de la caja torácica, cuyo espectro abarca desde una deformidad leve sin consecuencias funcionales hasta una patología grave con riesgo de vida. La hendidura esternal es una de las malformaciones de la pared torácica, provocada por un defecto de fusión esternal, y se produce aproximadamente en 1 de cada 50.000 recién nacidos. Hasta la fecha, las hendiduras esternales se han descrito en poco más de 100 casos, y se presentan por igual en varones y mujeres. Se originan hacia la novena semana de vida intrauterina en dirección craneocaudal; pueden diagnosticarse al nacer y se clasifican en parciales o totales. El defecto debe ser reparado precozmente, para restablecer la protección ósea de las estructuras del mediastino, prevenir el movimiento paradojal de las vísceras en la respiración, eliminar la deformidad visible y permitir un desarrollo normal de la caja torácica. El objetivo de este trabajo era notificar el caso de un paciente portador de esta infrecuente malformación y revisar sus características clínicas, con el fin de poder realizar un diagnóstico preciso, orientar el estudio y definir un adecuado tratamiento (AU)

During the embryological life, the sternum originates in the same lateral mesoderm layer where the pectoral muscles are formed. The congenital malformations from the thoracic cavity include a very heterogeneous group of pathologies presenting some alterations in development and morphology ranging from a slight deformity without functional consequences to a serious pathology with life risk. Then the sternal clef is one of the thoracic cavity malformation induced by a sternal fusion defect and has a prevalence of 1 every 50,000 newborns. To date, the sternal cleft was described in a little more than 100 cases without difference between male and female. It appears in the cephalo-caudal development during the ninth living week of the embryo. The diagnosis is at birth following two classifications: partial or totally. The defects most be repaired early in order to re- establish the bone protection from the mediastinum structure, to prevent the paradoxical movement from the respiratory viscera and eliminate visible deformity so that a normal development of the thoracic cavity is allowed. The objective of this paper is to present the case of a patient with an infrequently malformation, expose the clinical characteristics in order to make a precise diagnosis, defining the needed complementary tests and an adequate surgical treatment (AU)

High levels of alcohol consumption in pregnant women from a touristic area of Southern Spain.

The prevalence of alcohol intake in women who become pregnant is similar to that found in the general population, especially in cases of unplanned pregnancies. Consequently, foetal exposure is high during the period of maximum vulnerability. The present study was carried out to determine the prenatal level of exposure to alcohol in Málaga, a Mediterranean region whose economy is based on the touristic sector (Costa del Sol). A cross-sectional, observational design was used to investigate the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy, based on a self-reporting questionnaire. A total of 451 women in the first, second or third trimesters of pregnancy were recruited. Consumption prevalences in each trimester were 40.7%, 25.5% and 17.1%. A higher educational level was associated with greater exposure to alcohol (risk ratio, 1.87 [1.30-2.69]). These results should alert the providers of obstetric care in touristic areas to the need for the adoption of adequate preventive measures.

Use of a temporary inferior vena cava filter during pregnancy in patients with thromboembolic events.

There are circumstances in the management of thromboembolic events during pregnancy when anticoagulant therapy is either contraindicated or not advisable, such as when pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep venous thrombosis is diagnosed close to term, given the risk of bleeding during delivery. In these cases, the thromboembolic risk can be controlled using temporary inferior vena cava filters (T-IVCFs). We present the case of a pregnant woman with thrombophilia who remained at rest for eight weeks due to an amniotic prolapse and for whom the placement of a T-IVCF was decided at 32 weeks' gestation after anticoagulant therapy had failed. An emergency caesarean section was performed at 33 weeks' gestation due to placental abruption following the spontaneous onset of preterm labour. The risk of bleeding during delivery when high doses of heparin are used, and the risk of PE when the heparin dose is decreased, needs to be evaluated versus the risks related to T-IVCF placement procedure and, as such, a review of the published experience in this field is warranted. We have concluded that T-IVCFs can be a safe alternative treatment for pregnant women in whom anticoagulation therapy is either contraindicated or not advisable.

Validación en pediatría de un método para notificación y seguimiento de errores de medicación / Validation of a method for notifying and monitoring medication errors in pediatrics

OBJETIVO: Analizar el impacto en la notificación de errores de medicación de la puesta en marcha de un comité de seguridad multidisciplinar descentralizado en la unidad de gestión pediátrica, e implantación conjunta de una aplicación informática en red para la comunicación de errores de medicación, mediante seguimiento de los errores y análisis de las mejoras. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal pre-post intervención. Se analizan los errores de medicación notificados a la comisión central de seguridad, en los 12 meses previos a la implantación, y los notificados mediante la aplicación informática descentralizada a la comisión de seguridad de la unidad de gestión, en los 9 meses posteriores, y las estrategias generadas por el análisis. Variables medidas: Número de errores notificados por 10.000 días de estancia, número de errores con daño por 10.000 días de estancia, tipo, categoría en función de la gravedad, fase del proceso, colectivo que notifica y medicamentos implicados. RESULTADOS: Se multiplican por 4,6 los errores de medicación notificados -7,6 notificaciones por 10.000 días de estancia en el periodo preintervención y 36 en el postintervención-, razón de tasas de 0,21 (IC 95%: 0,11-0,39) p < 0,001. No cambian prácticamente los errores con daño o que necesitaron monitorización notificados por 10.000 días de estancia de un periodo a otro, razón de tasas: 0,77 (IC95%: 0,31-1,91) p > 0,05. Se multiplica por 17,4 la notificación de errores sin daño o potenciales por 10.000 días de estancia, razón de tasas: 0,005 (IC 95%: 0,001-0,026) p < 0,001. CONCLUSIONES: El incremento de los errores de medicación notificados en el periodo postintervención es reflejo del aumento en la motivación de los profesionales sanitarios para notificar a través de este nuevo método

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of a multidisciplinary and decentralized safety committee in the pediatric management unit, and the joint implementation of a computing network application for reporting medication errors, monitoring the follow-up of the errors, and an analysis of the improvements introduced. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, pre-post intervention study was performed. An analysis was made of medication errors reported to the central safety committee in the twelve months prior to introduction, and those reported to the decentralized safety committee in the management unit in the nine months after implementation, using the computer application, and the strategies generated by the analysis of reported errors. Measured variables: Number of reported errors/10,000 days of stay, number of reported errors with harm per 10,000 days of stay, types of error, categories based on severity, stage of the process, and groups involved in the notification of medication errors. RESULTS: Reported medication errors increased 4.6 -fold, from7.6 notifications of medication errors per 10,000 days of stay in the pre-intervention period to 36 in the post-intervention, rate ratio 0.21 (95% CI; 0.11-0.39) (P < .001). The medication errors with harm or requiring monitoring reported per 10,000 days of stay, was virtually unchanged from one period to the other ratio rate 0,77 (95% IC; 0,31-1,91) (P>.05). The notification of potential errors or errors without harm per 10,000 days of stay increased 17.4-fold (rate ratio 0.005., 95% CI; 0.001-0.026, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in medication errors notified in the post-intervention period is a reflection of an increase in the motivation of health professionals to report errors through this new method

Inhibitor development after switching of FVIII concentrate in multitransfused patients with severe haemophilia A.

Switching between different therapeutic FVIII concentrate types has been postulated as a possible cause of inhibitor development in patient with haemophilia A. In this single-centre, retrospective study, the incidence, titre and duration of inhibitor development in multitransfused patients, defined as patients with more than 150 exposure days (ED), were analysed from January 1970 to December 2007 in relation to ED and the number of switches between different products. Inhibitor titre was assessed by Bethesda assay (before 1998) or Nijmegen assay (after 1998). Medical records of 167 patients were screened, of which 97 patients met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen products of plasmatic origin (different purities) and five recombinant (three generations) were used. Nine patients (9%) developed inhibitors, all transient, low-titre (1.41 ± 0.54 BU) after 323 ± 287 ED in average. Seventeen patients had no product switches of which four patients (23%) developed inhibitors (97 ED in average), whereas 13 patients (77%) did not (ED: 230). Fifty patients switched between plasmatic products only (median: 10 changes) of which five patients (10%) developed inhibitors (ED: 503), whereas 45 patients did not (ED: 932). Five patients switched between recombinant products only (seven changes) of which no patient developed inhibitors (748 ED). Twenty-five patients switched between plasmatic and recombinant products (13 changes) of which no patient developed inhibitors (ED: 1654). No statistically significant differences between patient groups were observed. Neither the number of different FVIII products administered nor the switching of products influenced the incidence of inhibitor in multitransfused patients.

[Validation of a method for notifying and monitoring medication errors in pediatrics]. / Validación en pediatría de un método para notificación y seguimiento de errores de medicación.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of a multidisciplinary and decentralized safety committee in the pediatric management unit, and the joint implementation of a computing network application for reporting medication errors, monitoring the follow-up of the errors, and an analysis of the improvements introduced. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, pre-post intervention study was performed. An analysis was made of medication errors reported to the central safety committee in the twelve months prior to introduction, and those reported to the decentralized safety committee in the management unit in the nine months after implementation, using the computer application, and the strategies generated by the analysis of reported errors. MEASURED VARIABLES: Number of reported errors/10,000 days of stay, number of reported errors with harm per 10,000 days of stay, types of error, categories based on severity, stage of the process, and groups involved in the notification of medication errors. RESULTS: Reported medication errors increased 4.6 -fold, from 7.6 notifications of medication errors per 10,000 days of stay in the pre-intervention period to 36 in the post-intervention, rate ratio 0.21 (95% CI; 0.11-0.39) (P<.001). The medication errors with harm or requiring monitoring reported per 10,000 days of stay, was virtually unchanged from one period to the other ratio rate 0,77 (95% IC; 0,31-1,91) (P>.05). The notification of potential errors or errors without harm per 10,000 days of stay increased 17.4-fold (rate ratio 0.005., 95% CI; 0.001-0.026, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in medication errors notified in the post-intervention period is a reflection of an increase in the motivation of health professionals to report errors through this new method.

Lista modelo de medicamentos de alto riesgo / A model list of high risk drugs

Introducción: Los «medicamentos de alto riesgo» son aquellos con un «riesgo» muy elevado de causar daños graves o incluso mortales cuando se produce un error en el curso de su utilización. El Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) elaboró una relación aplicable a la población general, sin diferenciar población pediátrica y adulta, por lo que existe carencia de información para la población pediátrica. El objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar una lista de medicamentos de alto riesgo adaptada a la población pediátrica y neonatal que sirva de referencia para el personal sanitario de un hospital pediátrico. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en mayo del 2012 en las principales bases de datos biomédicas, para identificar posibles listas o referencias publicadas en relación con medicamentos de alto riesgo en población pediátrica y neonatal. Resultados: Se encontraron 15 trabajos, seleccionándose 9 para el objetivo principal del estudio. Se elaboró una lista guía tomando como base la del ISMP, añadiendo fármacos con alta percepción de riesgo para la población pediátrica y eliminando aquellos cuyo uso en pediatría era anecdótico. Conclusiones: No se encontró una lista publicada que se adaptase totalmente a nuestro objetivo. La lista de medicamentos de alto riesgo en población pediátrica y neonatal elaborada puede ser modelo de referencia para hospitales pediátricos. Su conocimiento y utilización, así como actividades derivadas de la misma enmarcadas dentro de la política de seguridad, ayudará a evitar errores de medicación en cada proceso de la cadena terapéutica (prescripción, transcripción, dispensación y administración) (AU)

Introduction: «High-risk drugs» are those that have a very high «risk» of causing death or serious injury if an error occurs during its use. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) has prepared a high-risk drugs list applicable to the general population (with no differences between the pediatric and adult population). Thus, there is a lack of information for the pediatric population. The main objective of this work is to develop a high-risk drug list adapted to the neonatal or pediatric population as a reference model for the pediatric hospital health workforce. Material and methods: We made a literature search in May 2012 to identify any published lists or references in relation to pediatric and/or neonatal high-risk drugs. Results: A total of 15 studies were found, from which 9 were selected. A model list was developed mainly based on the ISMP one, adding strongly perceived pediatric risk drugs and removing those where the pediatric use was anecdotal. Conclusions: There is no published list that suits pediatric risk management. The list of pediatric and neonatal high-risk drugs presented here could be a «reference list of high-risk drugs » for pediatric hospitals. Using this list and training will help to prevent medication errors in each drug supply chain (prescribing, transcribing, dispensing and administration) (AU)

[A model list of high risk drugs]. / Lista modelo de medicamentos de alto riesgo.

INTRODUCTION: «High-risk drugs¼ are those that have a very high «risk¼ of causing death or serious injury if an error occurs during its use. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) has prepared a high-risk drugs list applicable to the general population (with no differences between the pediatric and adult population). Thus, there is a lack of information for the pediatric population. The main objective of this work is to develop a high-risk drug list adapted to the neonatal or pediatric population as a reference model for the pediatric hospital health workforce. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We made a literature search in May 2012 to identify any published lists or references in relation to pediatric and/or neonatal high-risk drugs. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies were found, from which 9 were selected. A model list was developed mainly based on the ISMP one, adding strongly perceived pediatric risk drugs and removing those where the pediatric use was anecdotal. CONCLUSIONS: There is no published list that suits pediatric risk management. The list of pediatric and neonatal high-risk drugs presented here could be a «reference list of high-risk drugs ¼ for pediatric hospitals. Using this list and training will help to prevent medication errors in each drug supply chain (prescribing, transcribing, dispensing and administration).

[Chiari type I malformation in a patient with Poland's syndrome]. / Malformación de Chiari tipo I en un paciente con síndrome de Poland

Chiari malformation type I and Poland's syndrome are two rare diseases and their simultaneous presentation had not been previously described in the literature. We report the case of a 27 year old male with history of Poland's syndrome, who referred headache and motor impairment of the intrinsic muscles of the left hand. In a cervical spine MR a Chiari I malformation with syringomyelia from C1 to T2 was found, which was treated by foramen magnum decompression, dural plasty and removal of the posterior arch of the atlas. A discussion of the embryological mechanisms that might be involved in the coexistence of these two entities is presented, emphasizing the role of para-axial mesoderm.

Malformación de Chiari tipo I en un paciente con síndrome de Poland / Chiari type I Malformation in a patient with Poland´s syndrome

La malformación de Chiari tipo I y el síndrome de Poland son dos patologías infrecuentes, más aún su presentación simultánea no había sido previamente descrita en la literatura.Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 27 años con antecedentes de síndrome de Poland, quien refirió cefalea y alteraciones motoras de los músculos intrínsecos de la mano izquierda. En los estudios de resonancia magnética de columna cervical fue encontrada la malformación de Chiari tipo I con siringomielia desde C1 a T2, la cual es tratada mediante descompresión del foramen magno, plastia de duramadre y remoción del arco posterior del atlas.Se presenta una discusión de los mecanismos embriológicos que podrían estar implicados en la coexistencia de estas dos entidades, haciendo énfasis en el rol del mesodermo para-axial (AU)

Chiari malformation type I and Poland´s syndrome are two rare diseases and their simultaneous presentation had not been previously described in the literature.We report the case of a 27 year old male with history of Poland's syndrome, who referred headache and motor impairment of the intrinsic muscles of the left hand. In a cervical spine MR a Chiari I malformation with syringomyelia from C1 to T2 was found, which was treated by foramen magnum decompression, dural plasty and removal of the posterior arch of the atlas.A discussion of the embryological mechanisms that might be involved in the coexistence of these two entities is presented, emphasizing the role of para-axial mesoderm (AU)

Homeopatia en el tratamiento del bruxismo: enfoque multidsciplinario / Homeopathy in the treatment of bruxism: approach multidsciplinario

La atrición dentaria, el cansancio muscular al levantarse, la movilidad dentaria, la cefalea y la recesión gingival fueron los signos y síntomas más frecuentes. El miedo, la ansiedad y la irritabilidad fueron los síntomas mentales más frecuentes. El tratamiento homeopático fué efectivo en los pacientes con Bruxismo.

Detection of morphological and functional progression in initial glaucoma.

BACKGROUND: To observe the prospective follow-up results of functional and morphological data in patients with early, moderate and suspected glaucoma. METHODS: Eyes (n=156; average mean defect (MD)=2.2 dB) were examined every 3 months for an average of 3.6 years. Progression was estimated using regression analysis of the indices rim area and Glaucoma Probability Score of the Heidelberg retinal tomograph, mean thickness of the fibre layer using laser polarimetry with corneal compensation, MDs of standard, Pulsar and frequency doubling technology perimetries, and the threshold noiseless trend (TNT) program for the standard and Pulsar perimetries. RESULTS: TNT showed more than twice the diagnostic capacity of other methods. The maximum diagnostic sensitivity was obtained with TNT Pulsar. This procedure indicated progression in 40% of cases after seven examinations, and presented the lowest number of cases of progression not confirmed in two consecutive examinations. Most of the progressions of initial glaucoma were diffuse, without changes in the lens or loss of visual acuity. Heidelberg retinal tomograph and laser polarimetry made few diagnoses of progression. The diagnostic agreement between different methods was low, but higher between functional than morphological procedures. CONCLUSION: Functional indices, especially Pulsar, showed better detection of progression than morphological indices.

¿TGD? ¿Manía? ¿Esquizofrenia? Diagnósticos sindrómicos y síndromes sin diagnóstico / PDD? Mania? Schizophrenia? Syndromic diagnosis and Syndromes without diagnosis

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[Response to idebenone and multivitamin therapy in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy]. / Respuesta a la idebenona asociada a multivitaminoterapia en neuropatía óptica hereditaria de Leber.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the efficacy of idebenone and multivitamin treatment in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). METHOD: Two patients diagnosed of unilateral LHON were treated with megadoses of idebenone, vitamin C and riboflavin for one year. They were examined clinically before, during and after treatment. RESULTS: No improvement of visual function was observed. Despite the idebenone treatment, in both cases the second eye became involved. CONCLUSIONS: Despite previous reports of visual recovery with idebenone in patients with LHON, our experience shows that an effective treatment for Leber's disease remains to be found.

Respuesta a la idebenona asociada a multivitaminoterapia en neuropatía óptica hereditaria de Leber / Response to idebenone and multivitamin therapy in leber´s hereditary optic neuropathy

Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia del tratamiento con idebenona y multivitamínico en la neuropatía óptica hereditaria de Leber (NOHL). Método: Dos pacientes diagnosticados de NOHL, fueron tratados con idebenona, vitamina C y riboflavina durante un año. Ambos fueron evaluados clínicamente antes, durante y después del tratamiento. Resultado: Ninguno de los dos pacientes experimentó mejoría visual y ambos sufrieron afectación en el segundo ojo. Conclusiones: A pesar de casos publicados en la literatura de recuperación visual con idebenona en pacientes con NOHL, nuestra experiencia indica que este tratamiento no es efectivo para la enfermedad de Leber

Objective: To ascertain the efficacy of idebenone and multivitamin treatment in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Method: Two patients diagnosed of unilateral LHON were treated with megadoses of idebenone, vitamin C and riboflavin for one year. They were examined clinically before, during and after treatment. Results: No improvement of visual function was observed. Despite the idebenone treatment, in both cases the second eye became involved. Conclusions: Despite previous reports of visual recovery with idebenone in patients with LHON, our experience shows that an effective treatment for Leber’s disease remains to be found