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1.
Pflege ; 2024 Aug 28.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39194019

RESUMO

Nurses' health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland: A longitudinal study with mixed methods design Abstract: Background: The COVID19 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare systems worldwide. Nurses have played a crucial role in responding to the crisis, often at the expense of their own health and wellbeing. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the physical and mental health status as well as the resources of certified nurses during the pandemic, in German-speaking Switzerland. Methods: In a longitudinal study with a mixed methods design, data were collected among nurses from acute hospitals between 2021 and 2022 using a questionnaire survey and focus group interviews. The data were analysed using multiple regression analysis, knowledge mapping and the Neuman system model. Results: The results show improvements in health, quality of life and job satisfaction, and a decrease in stress; whereby influencing extrapersonal factors are, among others, reorganisations within hospitals with the active involvement of nurses. On the interpersonal level, support from managers or colleagues proved helpful. At the intrapersonal level, the recognition of the nurses' competencies was deemed particularly important, to help them to remain healthy during the pandemic. Conclusions: Increased recognition, participation, training and career opportunities as well as flexible working models need to be implemented in the long term to ensure a sustainable improvement of the health and well-being of nurses.

2.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 165(9): 573-584, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37646097

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to describe equine transportation practices and transport-related behavioural and health problems in Switzerland and to identify possible associations between them. An online survey was disseminated to Swiss equine industry members and questioned respondents' details, transport practices (before, during, and after journeys), horse transport-related behavioural (TRPBs) and health problems (TRHPs) experienced in the previous 2 years. The survey generated 441 valid responses, analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models (outcomes: TRPBs, TRHPs, injuries, diarrhea). Respondents were mainly women (79,5 %), younger than 50 years (75 %), and amateurs (80 %). Most of the respondents transported one or two horses (88,7 %), for a short (< 2 hours) journey (75,5 %). Pre-transport practices were performed by 72,1 % of respondents and horses' fitness for travel was assessed in the majority of cases (66,5 %). During the journey, horses were tethered (92,6 %) and monitored (52,7 %). The majority of respondents (74,9 %) assessed also the horses' fitness after travel. TRPBs were reported by 13,4 % of respondents. TRPBs' likelihood increased when the respondents were women, performed pre-transport practices and training for transport, did not assess drinking behaviour and general health before journey, and the horses experienced also TRHPs. TRHPs were reported by 34 % of the respondents and were associated with younger respondents, use of trucks, doing pre-transport practices, wearing protections, not monitoring horses during transport and preexisting TRPBs. Among TRHPs the most frequent were injuries (72,1 %) and diarrhea (41 %). The likelihood of injuries increased with younger respondents, use of trucks, wearing protections, lack of monitoring during transport and TRPBs. While younger respondents, longer journeys, wearing protections, lack of monitoring during transport, measuring rectal temperature after journeys and TRPBs increased the odds of reporting diarrhea. Even though our findings must be interpreted with caution due to survey limitations, considering that the found associations do not always mean causation, they highlight the strengths and weaknesses of transport practices in Switzerland and report evidence to implement current regulations on the protection of horse welfare during transport.


INTRODUCTION: Cette étude a pour but de décrire les pratiques de transport de chevaux et les problèmes de comportement et de santé liés à ces transports en Suisse et d'identifier les associations possibles entre ces deux éléments. Une enquête en ligne a été diffusée auprès des membres de la filière équine suisse et a permis de recueillir les coordonnées des répondants, les pratiques de transport (avant, pendant et après les trajets), les problèmes de comportement (TRPB) et de santé liés (TRHP) au transport des chevaux rencontrés au cours des deux années précédentes. L'enquête a généré 441 réponses valides, analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives et de modèles de régression logistique (résultats: TRPB, TRHP, blessures, diarrhée). Les répondants étaient principalement des femmes (79,5 %), âgées de moins de 50 ans (75 %) et amateurs (80 %). La plupart des personnes interrogées ont transporté un ou deux chevaux (88,7 %), pour un trajet court (< 2 heures) (75,5 %). Des mesures préalables au transport ont été prises par 72,1 % des répondants et l'aptitude des chevaux au voyage a été évaluée dans la majorité des cas (66,5 %). Pendant le voyage, les chevaux étaient attachés (92,6 %) et surveillés (52,7 %). La majorité des répondants (74,9 %) ont également évalué l'état des chevaux après le voyage. Des cas de TRPB ont été signalés par 13,4 % des répondants. La probabilité de TRPB augmente lorsque les personnes interrogées sont des femmes, qu'elles ont pris des mesures préalables au transport et ont entraîné le transport, qu'elles n'ont pas évalué le comportement d'abreuvement et l'état de santé général avant le voyage et que les chevaux ont souffert de TRHP. Les TRHP ont été signalées par 34 % des personnes interrogées et ont été associées à des personnes plus jeunes, à l'utilisation de camions, aux mesures préalables au transport, au port de protections, à l'absence de surveillance des chevaux pendant le transport et à des TRPB préexistantes. Parmi les TRHP, les plus fréquentes étaient les blessures (72,1 %) et la diarrhée (41 %). La probabilité de blessures augmente avec la jeunesse des répondants, l'utilisation de camions, le port de protections, l'absence de surveillance pendant le transport et la présence de TRPB. En revanche, les répondants plus jeunes, les trajets plus longs, le port de protections, l'absence de contrôle pendant le transport, la mesure de la température rectale après les trajets et les TRPB augmentent la probabilité de déclarer une diarrhée. Même si nos résultats doivent être interprétés avec prudence en raison des limites de l'enquête, considérant que les associations trouvées ne signifient pas toujours une causalité, ils soulignent les forces et les faiblesses des pratiques de transport en Suisse et rapportent des preuves pour mettre en œuvre les réglementations actuelles sur la protection du bien-être des chevaux pendant le transport.


Assuntos
Diarreia , Meios de Transporte , Feminino , Cavalos , Animais , Masculino , Suíça , Diarreia/veterinária
3.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes ; 181: 98-100, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37451929

RESUMO

The majority of the Swiss population is insured in a general practitioner model. mediX luzern is a network of primary care practices providing guidance and care for those insured with the general practitioner model on their patient path. The network is committed to constant quality optimization in its member practices. Interdisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration is promoted inside and outside the practice, and the interfaces between outpatient and inpatient care are optimized. In joint quality circles, medical practice guidelines and patient health information are developed. All practices are required to be certified by the Equam Foundation. The culture of error is actively encouraged as part of quality management by practicing critical incidence reporting. Lastly, research questions are discussed and data is collected in collaboration with academic centers and institutes for primary care, in particular in Zurich and Lucerne. These quality management efforts and the formation of group practices, which enable part-time work, promote the next generation of general practitioners. Even though cantons and universities provide support, further efforts will be necessary in the future to be able to continue to shape primary care services according to the population's needs.


Assuntos
Clínicos Gerais , Humanos , Suíça , Alemanha , Cuidados Paliativos
4.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes ; 180: 115-120, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37438170

RESUMO

We describe the development of ACP in Switzerland during the last decade in the German- and French-speaking cantons and on the national level. In 2013, a revision of the Swiss civil law came into force, declaring advance directives (ADs) as binding. Since then, ACP has been researched and implemented primarily by universities and university hospitals. Despite the foundation of the national association "ACP Swiss" in 2020, several national initiatives, and a roadmap for a national implementation, many challenges and barriers still remain. There is, however, reasonable hope to implement high-quality ACP throughout Switzerland within the next ten years.


Assuntos
Planejamento Antecipado de Cuidados , Tomada de Decisões , Humanos , Suíça , Alemanha , Diretivas Antecipadas
5.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes ; 171: 135-138, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35610134

RESUMO

The Swiss healthcare system is highly decentralized, making implementation of shared decision making (SDM) and patient and public involvement (PPI) quite slow; nonetheless, change is happening. SDM is now a core communication competency for medical school graduates, as reflected by a dedicated station on the federal exam, and is endorsed by several national societies. Multiple local initiatives are contributing to international best practices, local implementation, and increased capacity. PPI is also gaining momentum, most notably in research, with the development of a national platform for clinical research and inclusion of patients in the evaluation committees for funding. The challenge now is going from example projects by motivated early adopters in academia to making SDM and PPI standard practice.


Assuntos
Tomada de Decisão Compartilhada , Tomada de Decisões , Alemanha , Humanos , Participação do Paciente , Suíça
6.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 164(5): 375-383, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35506417

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 (RHDV-2) emerged in France in 2010. In Switzerland, RHDV-2 was first identified in 2015 and apparently has almost replaced the classical Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) by now. Like RHDV, RHDV-2 causes a viral hepatitis with a peracute course and an increased mortality rate within the rabbitry. RHDV infection causes consistent gross pathological findings, especially in the liver and respiratory tract. Reports about gross pathology for animals naturally infected with RHDV-2 is scarce. The present study analysed the anamnesis and necropsy reports of 35 rabbits examined during routine diagnostics between March 2015 and May 2017. A reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) specific for RHDV-2 and RHDV proved a total of 25 animals to be positive for RHDV-2, while none was positive for RHDV. Additionally, histological examinations were performed on liver, lung, and kidney of 18 rabbits that had tested positive by RHDV-2 RT-qPCR. The anamnestic report more often stated an increased mortality rate in RHDV-2 positive (16/18, 89 %) compared to RHDV-2 negative rabbits (3/9, 33 %). Gross pathology did not reveal any pathognomonic changes in RHDV-2 positive animals. Histologically, the liver showed the most severe lesions followed by lung and kidney. Animals positive for RHDV-2 frequently showed signs of gastro-intestinal disease (n = 5) and/or septicaemia (n = 6) masking possible indicators of an RHDV-2 infection, such as the rather unspecific findings of an enlarged spleen or an enlarged, friable, tan-coloured liver. The authors want to raise awareness among clinicians and pathologists that in case of sudden death in commercial or pet rabbits, RHDV-2 needs to be considered as differential diagnosis and should be confirmed by laboratory diagnosis.


INTRODUCTION: Le virus 2 de la maladie hémorragique du lapin (RHDV-2) est apparu en France en 2010. En Suisse, le RHDV-2 a été identifié pour la première fois en 2015 et semble avoir presque remplacé le virus classique de la maladie hémorragique du lapin (RHDV). Comme le RHDV, le RHDV-2 provoque une hépatite virale avec une évolution suraiguë et un taux de mortalité élevé chez les lapins. L'infection par le RHDV entraîne des constatations pathologiques bruts cohérents, notamment au niveau du foie et des voies respiratoires. Les rapports sur la pathologie macroscopique des animaux naturellement infectés par le RHDV-2 sont rares. La présente étude a analysé les rapports d'anamnèse et de nécropsie de 35 lapins examinés lors de diagnostics de routine entre mars 2015 et mai 2017. Une réaction en chaîne par polymérase en temps réel à la transcriptase inverse (RT-qPCR) spécifique pour le RHDV-2 et le RHDV a prouvé qu'un total de 25 animaux étaient positifs pour le RHDV-2, tandis qu'aucun n'était positif pour le RHDV. De plus, des examens histologiques ont été réalisés sur le foie, les poumons et les reins de 18 lapins qui avaient été testés positifs par RT-qPCR pour le RHDV-2. Le rapport anamnestique faisait plus souvent état d'un taux de mortalité accru chez les lapins RHDV-2 positifs (16/18, 89 %) que chez les lapins RHDV-2 négatifs (3/9, 33 %). La pathologie macroscopique n'a révélé aucun changement pathognomonique chez les animaux RHDV-2 positifs. Sur le plan histologique, le foie présentait les lésions les plus graves, suivi des poumons et des reins. Les animaux positifs pour le RHDV-2 présentaient fréquemment des signes de maladie gastro-intestinale (n = 5) et/ou de septicémie (n = 6) masquant les indicateurs possibles d'une infection par le RHDV-2, tels que les découvertes plutôt peu spécifiques d'une rate hypertrophiée ou d'un foie hypertrophié, friable et de couleur beige. Les auteurs souhaitent sensibiliser les cliniciens et les pathologistes au fait qu'en cas de mort subite chez des lapins d'élevage ou de compagnie, le RHDV-2 doit être considéré comme un diagnostic différentiel et doit être confirmé par un diagnostic de laboratoire.


Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae , Vírus da Doença Hemorrágica de Coelhos , Animais , Infecções por Caliciviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Caliciviridae/veterinária , Vírus da Doença Hemorrágica de Coelhos/genética , Fígado , Coelhos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária , Suíça
7.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 164(4): 339-349, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35383031

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Tail biting and lesions are common problems in modern pig production. In 2008 tail docking to prevent tail biting was banned in Switzerland. Since then pigs have been raised with intact tails. This study aimed to assess the current prevalence of tail lesions at Swiss abattoirs and comparing abattoir data with farm-specific data regarding potential risk factors for tail lesions. Data collection was performed in repetitive cycles of two weeks at four abattoirs during all consecutive seasons of one year. Gender, tail length and the tail tip condition were evaluated among other parameters. During 32 weeks in total, 195 704 pigs from 6112 batches from 2510 herds were evaluated. Overall, 63,2 % of the animals included in the analysis were slaughtered with a complete tail (lowest tail length score [TLS]), whereas 36,8 % showed a partial or total loss of the tail. The condition of the tail tip (tail tip condition score [TTCS]) was judged as being intact in 63,0 %, as a healed lesion in 23,7 %, an acute lesion in 1,3 % and a chronic lesion in 12,0 % of all cases. Male animals had significantly higher values for TLS and TTCS than female animals (P ≤ 0,05). TLS values were significantly higher in winter than in spring and summer (P < 0,001). TTCS values were significantly higher in fall than in spring and summer. TLS and TTCS values differed significantly (P < 0,001) between the four abattoirs. Only few significant correlations were found between values of TLS and TTCS and farm-specific data. Recording tail lesions at abattoirs is an accurate method to investigate the prevalence of tail lesions in fattening pigs. However, to monitor animal welfare on herd level, this method is very labor intensive. Moreover, data on tail lesions collected at the abattoir cannot replace veterinary on-farm examination for risk factor identification.


INTRODUCTION: Les morsures et les lésions de la queue sont des problèmes courants dans la production porcine moderne. En 2008, la Suisse a interdit la caudectomie pour prévenir les morsures de la queue. Depuis lors, les porcs sont engraissés avec des queues intactes. Cette étude visait à évaluer la prévalence actuelle des lésions de la queue dans les abattoirs suisses et à comparer les données de l'abattoir avec les données spécifiques à l'exploitation concernant les facteurs de risque potentiels pour des lésions de la queue. La collecte des données a été effectuée par cycles répétitifs de deux semaines dans quatre abattoirs pendant toutes les saisons d'une année. Le sexe, la longueur de la queue et l'état de l'extrémité de la queue ont été évalués parmi d'autres paramètres. Pendant 32 semaines au total, 195 704 porcs provenant de 6 112 lots de 2 510 troupeaux ont été évalués. Dans l'ensemble, 63,2 % des animaux inclus dans l'analyse ont été abattus avec une queue complète (Tail Length Score [TLS] la plus basse), tandis que 36,8 %présentaient une perte partielle ou totale de la queue. L'état de l'extrémité de la queue (Tail Tip Condition Score [TTCS]) a été jugé intact dans 63,0 %des cas, avec une lésion cicatrisée dans 23,7 %des cas, avec une lésion aiguë dans 1,3 %des cas et avec une lésion chronique dans 12,0 %des cas. Les animaux mâles présentaient des valeurs de TLS et de TTCS significativement plus élevées que les animaux femelles (P ≤ 0,05). Les valeurs de TLS étaient significativement plus élevées en hiver qu'au printemps et en été (P < 0,001). Les valeurs de TTCS étaient significativement plus élevées en automne qu'au printemps et en été. Les valeurs TLS et TTCS différaient significativement (P < 0,001) entre les quatre abattoirs. Seules quelques corrélations significatives ont été trouvées entre les valeurs de TLS et TTCS et les données spécifiques à l'exploitation. L'enregistrement des lésions de la queue dans les abattoirs est une méthode précise pour étudier la prévalence de ces lésions chez les porcs d'engraissement. Cependant, pour contrôler le bien-être animal au niveau du troupeau, cette méthode demande beaucoup de travail. En outre, les données sur les lésions de la queue collectées à l'abattoir ne peuvent pas remplacer les examens vétérinaires sur l'exploitation pour l'identification des facteurs de risque.


Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas , Cauda , Matadouros , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Mordeduras e Picadas/veterinária , Feminino , Masculino , Prevalência , Suínos , Suíça/epidemiologia , Cauda/lesões
8.
Praxis (Bern 1994) ; 111(5): 274-282, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35414249

RESUMO

Frequency of Prescription of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Analysis of Compulsory Health Insurance Billing Data Abstract. According to the nephrology recommendation in the Choosing Wisely campaign, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided in people with cardiac and renal diseases. This study provides quantitative data on the use of NSAIDs in Switzerland as well as indications of how the billing frequency of NSAIDs in high-risk individuals has changed since the introduction of the recommendation. METHOD: Secondary analysis of billing data from compulsory health insurance. The frequency of NSAID use was stratified by sociodemographics and the comorbidities "cardiology" and "renal insufficiency". RESULTS: It was shown for the first time that 33.6% of the total study population, 42.1% of the cardiac risk population and 18% of the renal risk population used NSAIDs. There was a slight tendency for the billing frequency to decrease after the introduction of the recommendation. DISCUSSION: Further studies are needed as a matter of priority to quantify the use of potentially harmful NSAIDs in other risk groups and, on the basis of the ensuing study results, a wider use of the Choosing Wisely recommendations must be considered, especially in the general population.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Prescrições , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Comorbidade , Humanos , Seguro Saúde , Fatores de Risco
9.
Praxis (Bern 1994) ; 111(3): 135-140, 2022.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35232262

RESUMO

Bio-Psycho-Social Needs Assessment in Family Medicine: Acceptability of the Intermed Self-Assessment Abstract. In view of the increasing number of patients with somato-psychic comorbidities, a tool for identifying complex patients such as the INTERMED self-assessment (IMSA) would prove useful in family medicine. An observational study was conducted in a practice with seven general practitioners to evaluate the acceptability of patients to fill in this questionnaire in the waiting room. The IMSA was quickly completed and well accepted by patients, who found the questions easy to understand and relevant to their health. The waiting room environment didn't seem to hinder the process. The majority of participants deemed useful that their doctor received the data from the questionnaire. The IMSA could be implemented in the practice to detect certain psycho-social fragilities at an early stage.


Résumé. Face à l'augmentation du nombre de patients présentant des comorbidités somato-psychiques, un outil d'identification des patients complexes tel que L'INTERMED self-assessment (IMSA) s'avèrerait utile en médecine de famille. Afin d'évaluer l'acceptabilité des patients de remplir ce questionnaire dans la salle d'attente de leur médecin, une étude observationnelle a été menée durant neuf semaines dans un cabinet regroupant sept généralistes. L'IMSA, rapide à remplir, est bien accepté par les patients qui jugent les questions faciles à comprendre et pertinentes pour leur santé. L'environnement de la salle d'attente ne semble pas être un obstacle. La majorité des participants estime utile que leur médecin reçoive les informations du questionnaire. L'IMSA pourrait être implémenté au cabinet pour détecter certaines fragilités psycho-sociales précocement.


Assuntos
Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Humanos , Avaliação das Necessidades , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes ; 167: 1-5, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34815196

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Coeliac disease is no longer a rare disease, but has a rising prevalence, especially in children, with a shift from malabsorption syndrome to a more subtle presentation. Therefore, European guidelines regarding the diagnosis of coeliac disease were changed in 2012. If laboratory tests are positive, children can now be diagnosed without performing an endoscopy. The aim of this study was to characterize the Swiss patients, who have been diagnosed with coeliac disease. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of Swiss paediatric patients who have been diagnosed with coeliac disease according to European guidelines between 01/2011 and 11/2020. The data needed was extracted from medical records. RESULTS: A total of 369 children were included in the study. The main complain was abdominal pain (118; 32%), followed by failure to thrive/gain weight (92; 24.9%). 10% (37/367) of all patients had no symptoms at all. In 72.6% (268/369) of all patients, an endoscopy was performed due to lower antibodies. Mean values for ferritin, vitamins D and B12 as well as folic acid were within normal range. CONCLUSION: In our cohort of patients, females were clearly more often affected and also showed a small deviation in height and weight. Our finding of 10% of all patients having no symptoms at all is in line with other studies observing a decline in symptoms. A complicating factor for the clinician is the fact that overall no vitamin deficiencies were detected. As the incidence continues to rise but the clinical presentation of coeliac disease is changing from a malabsorption syndrome to a silent disease, further observational studies are needed to monitor this trend.


Assuntos
Doença Celíaca , Adolescente , Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Doença Celíaca/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Incidência , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos
11.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes ; 166: 69-78, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34697005

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To overcome challenges in dementia care, technological concepts are considered to have a potential. It is unclear, however, how utilization of assistive technologies in Switzerland could look like and which specific potentials it may offer. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to elaborate options for using assistive technologies in dementia care on the basis of the opinion, experience and knowledge of experts. METHODS: We chose a qualitative study design. Thematic analysis served to evaluate the expert interviews. To report this study, we followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR). RESULTS: Between November 2018 and May 2019, we interviewed 15 experts. The analysis resulted in three themes, each with three sub-themes: (i) use and potentials of technologies (support in the home care network, promoting a sense of security, facilitating and preserving interaction), (ii) requirements for using technology (structural framework conditions, enhancing quality of life and care, considering individual needs and health situation), and (ii) ethical considerations and technical assets (security and freedom, side effects of telepresence care, caveats and technological optimism). CONCLUSIONS: To exploit the identified potentials of assistive technologies for people with dementia, it is necessary to fulfil the requirements on a structural level in nursing policy, education and clinical practice. Furthermore, assistive technologies should be applied that have demonstrated effectiveness without unwanted effects. The decision to use assistive technologies should be made on an individual basis. Accordingly, the use of assistive technologies should take into account the needs of the persons involved and be adapted to the state of health of people with dementia.


Assuntos
Demência , Tecnologia Assistiva , Demência/terapia , Alemanha , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Qualidade de Vida , Suíça
12.
Praxis (Bern 1994) ; 110(14): 789-796, 2021.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34702060

RESUMO

Lessons Learned - Observational Study After One Year of 'Domestic Violence Consultation' at the University Emergency Department Bern Abstract. The number of violent crimes in domestic violence has been steadily increasing in Switzerland since 2011. In November 2018, the University Emergency Department Bern established standardized care for victims of domestic violence with an integrated follow-up. In this retrospective study, the results one year after the establishment of the special consultation hour as well as the challenges are presented. Of the 53 individuals primarily treated at the emergency department for domestic violence, 69.8 % (n = 37) were offered a follow-up appointment. Specific subgroups were less likely to be offered follow-up appointments. It became apparent that despite instructions for action and training, not all affected groups were perceived in the same way.


Assuntos
Violência Doméstica , Universidades , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Estudos Retrospectivos
13.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 163(9): 553-563, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34465559

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Animal experimentation is commonly practiced in scientific research worldwide. However, there are no globally accepted standards for regulating the ethical boundaries and accepted practices for animal experimentation. Large differences exist between countries. A report suggested that some researchers, especially from countries with more stringent animal experimentation regulations, may be relocating experimental research to countries with less stringent regulations. We followed a systematic literature review approach to identity publications and determine whether there is an increasing trend in expatriation of non-human primate experimentation by researchers based in Switzerland. We used the Projects People Publications database, which contains projects funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, to identify researchers conducting experiments using non-human primates. This list of names, together with terms referring to non-human primates were used to search the Web of Science. Publications without an author affiliated to a Swiss institution, no living or only with free non-human primates, and non-original research were excluded. For each publication, we recorded the place of experimentation, funding source, number of animals, species and the statement of ethical approval. We retained 120 publications, involving more than 2,429 non-human primates. Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis were the most common species. We could not confirm an increasing trend in expatriation of non-human primate experimentation outside of Switzerland. Over time, publications appeared to report the ethical approval number more consistently. These results should be interpreted with caution because the sample included only studies that were: 1) published and 2) reported in the Web of Science. Consequently, studies with insignificant results may have been excluded because these studies are rarely published, and studies of poor quality may have been excluded because they are often published in lower quality journals, not indexed by the Web of Science.


INTRODUCTION: L'expérimentation animale est couramment pratiquée dans la recherche scientifique dans le monde entier. Cependant, il n'existe pas de normes mondialement acceptées pour réglementer les limites éthiques et les pratiques acceptées pour cette expérimentation. De grandes différences existent entre les pays. Un rapport récent a suggéré que certains chercheurs, en particulier provenant de pays où la réglementation sur l'expérimentation animale est restrictive, pourraient délocaliser la recherche expérimentale vers des pays où les réglementations sont moins strictes. Nous avons suivi une approche de revue systématique de la littérature pour identifier les publications et déterminer s'il y a une tendance croissante à l'expatriation des expérimentations sur les primates non humains par des chercheurs basés en Suisse. Nous avons utilisé la base de données Projects People Publications, qui contient des projets financés par le Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique pour identifier des chercheurs conduisant des expériences sur des primates non humains. Cette liste de noms, ainsi que les termes faisant référence à des primates non humains ont été utilisés pour effectuer des recherches sur le Web of Science. Les publications sans auteur affilié à une institution suisse, non vivant ou consacrées uniquement à des primates non humains libres ainsi que les travaux de recherche non originaux ont été exclus. Pour chaque publication, nous avons enregistré le lieu d'expérimentation, la source de financement, le nombre d'animaux, les espèces et la déclaration d'approbation éthique. Nous avons retenu 120 publications, impliquant plus de 2,429 animaux. Macaca mulatta et Macaca fascicularis étaient les espèces les plus communes. Nous n'avons pas pu confirmer une tendance à la hausse de l'expatriation en dehors de la Suisse des expérimentations sur des primates non humains. Au fil du temps, les publications semblent déclarer le numéro d'approbation éthique de manière plus cohérente. Ces résultats doivent être interprétés avec prudence car l'échantillon ne comprenait que des études 1) publiées et 2) rapportées dans le Web de la science. Par conséquent, les études avec des résultats non significatifs peuvent avoir été exclues car ces études sont rarement publiées et les études de mauvaise qualité peuvent avoir été exclues car elles sont souvent publiées dans des revues de moindre qualité, non indexées par le Web of Science.


Assuntos
Experimentação Animal , Animais , Primatas , Projetos de Pesquisa , Suíça
14.
Praxis (Bern 1994) ; 109(11): 834-840, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32873162

RESUMO

Reflections on Trends in the Undergraduate Curricula of Human Medicine at the Universities in Switzerland Abstract. Reflections on current trends and progressions in the undergraduate curricula of Human Medicine of the universities in Switzerland. Both updated modern learning objectives and the politically intended higher number of graduated swiss physicians will make an impact on clinical skills training and offers opportunities in focusing as well as in coordinating the curricula.


Assuntos
Currículo , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Medicina , Competência Clínica , Humanos , Suíça , Universidades
15.
Praxis (Bern 1994) ; 109(10): 775-787, 2020 Aug.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32752962

RESUMO

Tuberculous Spondylitis - Diagnosis and Management Abstract. Despite a decreasing incidence of tuberculosis (TB) over the last decades in Switzerland, the frequency of newly diagnosed tuberculous spondylitis has remained stable. It occurs most frequently in old, immunocompromised persons and/or persons who have moved to Switzerland from TB endemic areas. It is a chronic manifestation of TB, which is characterized by 'cold abscesses', neurological deficits and kyphotic spinal deformity. Tuberculous spondylitis is often diagnosed with a delay, which can lead to higher morbidity and treatment complexity. Antibiotic therapy is essential in tuberculous spondylitis. Surgical interventions aim to obtain samples, decompress nervous structures, obtain pain control and, if necessary, deformity correction/stabilization. This paper provides an overview of the modern diagnostic and therapeutic management of tuberculous spondylitis in Switzerland.


Assuntos
Espondilite , Tuberculose da Coluna Vertebral , Humanos , Espondilite/diagnóstico , Espondilite/terapia , Suíça , Tuberculose da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Tuberculose da Coluna Vertebral/terapia
16.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 161(11): 725-738, 2019 Nov.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31685446

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Equine infectious anaemia (EIA) is a sporadic viral disease in many countries. Every single case has, however, a dramatic impact: infected animals have to be put down, and quarantine restrictions on horse movements lasting three months lead to substantial economic losses. In Switzerland, the mandatory notification was introduced in 1994 in order to facilitate international traffic. A year later, the "new" Ordinance on epizootics of 1995 classified EIA as a "disease to be eradicated". An infected polo horse in the canton of Argovia in summer 2017 thus represented Switzerland's first official case. It served as a starting point to review the legal frameworks of the EU and Switzerland. Recent publications suggest that there might be some potential to optimize the current diagnostic protocols. EIA is transmitted by virus-containing blood and blood products. Introductions in previously disease-free regions are mostly due to human activities, while blood feeding insects as horse flies or other biting flies act as mechanical vectors only locally within some 100 meters. As before, the new EU Regulations governing animal health do not prescribe national monitoring and control plans, allowing member states to shape them according to their particular situation. However, they have to ensure that equids intended for intracommunity movements comply with specific guarantees. In this context, a fine-tuning of current international standards seems conceivable. Mandatory testing preceding each movement would not be a proportionate option even for the future. Regardless their final wording, it would be a great step for all the actors involved in animal traffic if it were possible to adopt rules that are accepted and uniformly implemented by all competent authorities at national, regional and local level. However, the official system will never be able to guarantee absolute safety. Since there are neither effective vaccines nor treatment protocols, it is crucial that all owners, stablehands, veterinarians, associations, and organizers of horse contests are aware of the disease risks, minimizing them as far as possible by adequate biosecurity measures.


INTRODUCTION: L'anémie infectieuse des équidés (AIE) est une maladie virale sporadique dans de nombreux pays. Chaque cas a pourtant de graves conséquences: les animaux infectés doivent être éliminés, et les interdictions de mouvements d'équidés pendant trois mois causent des pertes économiques substantielles. En Suisse, la notification obligatoire a été introduite en 1994 pour faciliter les échanges transfrontaliers. En 1995, la «nouvelle¼ ordonnance sur les épizooties a ensuite classé l'AIE dans la catégorie des «épizooties à éradiquer¼. Le cheval de polo infecté, qui a été découvert durant l'été 2017 dans le canton d'Argovie, représente donc le premier cas officiel d'AIE en Suisse. Il a servi de point de départ pour une appréciation de la réglementation de l'UE et du droit suisse. Des études récentes indiquent qu'il existerait un potentiel d'optimisation des protocoles de diagnostic. L'AIE est transmise par le sang et les produits sanguins contenant l'agent infectieux. L'introduction de la maladie dans une région indemne est souvent liée à des activités humaines, les insectes hématophages, comme les taons ou les mouches piquantes, peuvent servir de vecteurs mécaniques au niveau local, dans un rayon ne dépassant pas quelques centaines de mètres. Comme l'actuelle, la nouvelle réglementation de l'UE régissant la santé animale ne prescrira pas aux États membres une stratégie nationale de surveillance ou de lutte, qu'ils peuvent en conséquence adapter en fonction de leur situation particulière. Ils doivent toutefois assurer que les équidés destinés aux mouvements intracommunautaires remplissent des conditions spécifiées. A cet égard, un «ajustage¼ des normes internationales parait envisageable, mais comme c'est déjà le cas actuellement, un examen de laboratoire avant tout déplacement ne sera pas exigé. Indépendamment de leur formulation finale, des conditions de déplacement d'équidés généralement acceptées et appliquées uniformément par toutes les autorités compétentes aux échelles nationales, régionales et locales signifieraient un grand progrès pour tous les acteurs impliqués dans le trafic d'animaux. Les législations ne pourront jamais garantir une sécurité absolue. Considérant qu'il n'existe ni vaccination efficace ni traitement, il est crucial que les détenteurs, palefreniers, vétérinaires, associations et organisateurs de manifestations équestres soient conscients du danger d'épizootie, et qu'ils le réduisent autant que possible par des mesures de biosécurité adéquates.


Assuntos
Anemia Infecciosa Equina/prevenção & controle , Animais , Anemia Infecciosa Equina/patologia , Anemia Infecciosa Equina/transmissão , Cavalos , Suíça , Meios de Transporte
17.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 161(6): 377-386, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31145680

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Footrot in sheep should be eradicated in Switzerland in the future. Based on scientific findings, this can be achieved with disinfectant footbaths. It is unknown how many sheep farmers are already using this means and how it is used. The current study evaluated the farm operation, the design of the footbath, the use of disinfectants and footbath with a written survey of a representative sample of all sheep farmers. The sample population was selected randomly, however stratified by language region and herdsize to control for differences between these groups. 45.3% (n=1134) of the distributed questionnaires were received for evaluation. On average 32.8% of the respondents used a footbath. Even on large farms (> 50 animals), which were more frequently affected by footrot, a footbath was available only in 52.6% of the farms in the French-speaking part and 67.7% in the German/Italian speaking part of Switzerland. The footbaths were correctly applied in most respects (e.g., pre-claw cleaning, liquid level and concentration of disinfectants, time in the footbath, post-bath drying phase) in the current study. Most commonly mobile plastic baths were in use. The disinfectants used were mainly formalin, copper and zinc sulfate. The incorrect disposal of the heavy-metal containing copper and zinc sulfate solutions was identified as an important problem: In 59% of the sheep farms the remaining footbath solutions were disposed in the slurry pit or manure storage. In summary the current study recommends (i) to motivate sheep farmers to use a footbath for the treatment and prevention of footrot, and (ii) to replace the currently used disinfectants with substances that are non-toxic to humans, animals and the environment.


INTRODUCTION: Le piétin du mouton doit être, à l'avenir, combattu sur l'ensemble du territoire suisse. Sur la base des connaissances scientifiques, cela peut être fait avec un bain désinfectant pour les onglons. On ignore combien d'éleveurs utilisent déjà cette mesure et comment elle est utilisée. On a cherché, au moyen d'un sondage d'un échantillon représentatif d'éleveurs de moutons, à obtenir la réponse à quatre groupes de questions sur l'exploitation, la construction du pédiluve, l'utilisation de désinfectants et l'usage du bain des onglons. La stratification concernant la région linguistique d'une part et la taille du troupeau d'autre part, permettait de donner la meilleure image possible dans l'échantillon. Avec l'évaluation de 1134 des questionnaires évaluables (45,3% de ceux initialement envoyés) ont a constaté qu'en moyenne 32,8% seulement des exploitants utilisaient un bain des onglons. Même avec les grands troupeaux avec > 50 animaux, qui sont donc plus fréquemment touchés par le piétain, seuls 52,6% des exploitants francophones respectivement 67,7% des germanophones ou des italophones disposent d'un bain. D'autre part, les utilisateurs de bain des onglons appliquent dans la plupart des cas correctement les aspects principaux (par ex.: prélavage des onglons, niveau de liquide et concentration des désinfectants, temps passé dans le bain, phase de séchage après le bain). Les installations les plus communément utilisées étaient les bains mobiles en plastique. La formaline, le sulfate de cuivre et de zinc étaient principalement utilisés comme désinfectants. On constatait un grand manque quant à l'élimination des désinfectants, en particulier des solutions contenant des métaux lourds comme le cuivre ou le zinc. Ainsi, 59,4% des éleveurs ont déclaré jeter les liquides dans la fosse à lisier ou sur le tas de fumier. Les constatations principales sont donc: (i) que les éleveurs de moutons devraient être motivés à utiliser un bain des onglons pour le traitement et la prévention du piétain, et (ii) que le remplacement des désinfectants actuellement utilisés par des substances non toxiques pour l'homme, l'animal et l'environnement est absolument nécessaire.


Assuntos
Banhos/veterinária , Desinfetantes/uso terapêutico , Pododermatite Necrótica dos Ovinos/terapia , Doenças dos Ovinos/terapia , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Casco e Garras/microbiologia , Ovinos , Suíça
18.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 161(1): 23-31, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30602429

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) have a high exposure to various ticks, which could transmit pathogens with direct health significance for the host and may have zoonotic potential. Tick-borne meningoencephalitis (FSME) is an important tick-borne disease in Switzerland, caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus. About its occurrence in the European hedgehog population is little known. The present study examined various organs, blood and ticks of 65 European hedgehogs to obtain data of FSME virus presence in this species in Switzerland. Real-time RT-PCR from the lungs, liver, spleen and kidney of 56 hedgehogs and of 114 infesting ticks (Ixodes hexagonus or Ixodes ricinus) were used for the detection of viral RNA. In addition, 19 blood samples were tested for antibodies against FSME by ELISA. FSME virus antibodies were detected for the first time in the serum of a European hedgehog. Lung and spleen tissue samples of the same animal tested also weak virus positive on RT-PCR. Clinically, the hedgehog showed neurological symptoms, although these symptoms could have originated from an other diseases. No viral RNA was detected in any of the ticks. This study could not confirm if the meningoencephalitis in the hedgehog was triggered by the FSME viral infection. Nevertheless, the simultaneous detection of antibodies and virus RNA in the same animal makes the European hedgehog a competent host of the tick-borne encephalitis virus and leads to the assumption that this species can act as a reservoir.


INTRODUCTION: En raison du nombre élevé de tiques présents chez les hérissons d'Europe (Erinaceus europaeus), ces animaux sont fortement exposés aux différents pathogènes qu'ils transmettent, pathogènes qui, en plus de l'importance directe pour la santé de l'hôte, peuvent aussi avoir un potentiel en termes de zoonose. La méningo-encéphalite à tique est, en Suisse, une maladie importante transmise par les tiques. Elle est causée par le virus de la méningo-encéphalite verno-estivale. Son occurrence chez les hérissons d'Europe est jusqu'à maintenant peu connue. Au travers de l'étude des organes, du sang et des tiques provenant de 65 hérissons européens, il devrait pour la première fois être possible de se prononcer sur la présence du virus chez cette espèce en Suisse. La détection de l'ARN viral a été effectuée au moyen d'une RT-PCR en temps réel sur les poumons, le foie, la rate et les reins de 56 hérissons ainsi que sur un total de 114 tiques dont ils étaient porteurs, appartenant aux espèces Ixodes hexagonus ou Ixodes ricinus. En outre, 19 échantillons de sang ont été testés par ELISA pour des anticorps contre le virus. Dans la présente étude, des anticorps contre le virus de l'encéphalite à tiques dans le sérum d'un hérisson européen ont pu être détectés pour la première fois. Les échantillons de poumon et de rate du même animal ont également montré une faible présence virale. Le même hérisson a présenté des symptômes neurologiques, mais ceux-ci pouvaient également être associés à d'autres maladies. On n'a démontré la présence d'ARN viral chez aucune tique. La possibilité d'une encéphalite causée par l'infection virale chez les hérissons ne peut pas être confirmée ou exclues avec cette étude. La détection simultanée des anticorps et de l'ARN viral chez le même animal fait du hérisson européen non seulement un hôte compétent du virus de l'encéphalite verno-estivale mais donne également également à penser que cette espèce pourrait servir de réservoir.


Assuntos
Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/isolamento & purificação , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/veterinária , Ouriços/virologia , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vetores Aracnídeos/virologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/veterinária , Reservatórios de Doenças/virologia , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/genética , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/imunologia , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/virologia , Ouriços/parasitologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Ixodes/virologia , Masculino , Meningoencefalite/epidemiologia , Meningoencefalite/virologia , RNA Viral/análise , Suíça/epidemiologia
19.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 161(1): 43-57, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30602431

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Aquaculture is a rapidly growing field of food production of high economic importance. Bacterial infections are an important threat to aquaculture growth and also a common problem in ornamental fish. Some pathogenic agents and aquaculture production types are reported to be associated with increased disease. However, a detailed description of bacterial pathogens causing disease in Swiss aquaculture and ornamental pet fish is still missing. In this study we describe 1448 bacterial isolations originating from 1134 diagnostic laboratory submissions from farmed and ornamental fish in Switzerland for the period from 2000 to 2017. A strong seasonality was observed with submissions peaking in spring and summer. Bacterial isolations in fish submitted from organic farms were approximately six times more frequent than in conventional fish farms. Flavobacteriaceae, aeromonads and Yersinia ruckeri were the most common isolates from aquaculture, and motile aeromonads and Vibrio spp. were most often isolated from ornamental fish. The results of this study provide some interesting hypotheses, but further research is needed to better characterize risk factors for bacterial diseases in both aquaculture and aquarium fish in Switzerland.


INTRODUCTION: L'aquaculture est un secteur de la production alimentaire en pleine croissance et d'une grande importance économique. Les infections bactériennes constituent une menace importante pour la croissance de l'aquaculture mais également un problème courant chez les poissons d'ornement. Certains agents pathogènes et types de production aquacole seraient associés à une plus forte incidence de certaines maladies. Une description complète des agents pathogènes bactériens responsables de maladies chez les poissons d'élevage et d'ornement en Suisse fait cependant défaut. Nous décrivons dans cette étude 1448 isolats bactériens provenant de 1134 soumissions de poissons d'élevage et de poissons d'ornement en Suisse à un laboratoire de diagnostic entre 2000 et 2017. Une forte saisonnalité a été observée au printemps et en été. Les infections bactériennes chez les poissons de fermes biologiques étaient environ six fois plus fréquentes que dans les exploitations conventionnelles. Flavobacteriaceae, Aeromonas spp. et Yersinia ruckeri sont les isolats qui ont été les plus communément isolés des soumissions des piscicultures. Vibrio spp. ainsi que les espèces motiles d'Aeromonas spp. ont été les principaux isolats mis en évidence chez les poissons d'ornement. Les résultats de cette étude fournissent des hypothèses intéressantes, mais des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour mieux caractériser les facteurs de risque des maladies bactériennes chez les poissons d'aquaculture et d'aquarium en Suisse.


Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Aeromonadaceae/classificação , Aeromonadaceae/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Etários , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/mortalidade , Doenças dos Peixes/mortalidade , Pesqueiros/classificação , Pesqueiros/normas , Peixes , Flavobacteriaceae/classificação , Flavobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Agricultura Orgânica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estações do Ano , Suíça , Vibrio/classificação , Vibrio/isolamento & purificação
20.
Praxis (Bern 1994) ; 107(20): 1085-1092, 2018.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30278843

RESUMO

Advance Care Planning in Swiss Nursing Homes: Results of a Focus Group Study Abstract. Advance Care Planning (ACP) is a standardized consultation process in which patients define their therapy goals for future medical treatments with the help of a qualified health care facilitator. This way, ACP increases the probability that patients' wishes are fulfilled in case of decisional incapacity. The aim of this study was to implement a previously tested Swiss ACP program in two Swiss nursing homes to better understand the resulting processes, chances and difficulties. For this purpose focus group interviews were conducted after first implementation steps. The results show that an ACP implementation needs and must be coordinated with an approach covering the entire health system.


Assuntos
Planejamento Antecipado de Cuidados/organização & administração , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos , Casas de Saúde , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cuidadores , Tomada de Decisões , Implementação de Plano de Saúde/organização & administração , Humanos , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Relações Médico-Paciente , Encaminhamento e Consulta/organização & administração , Suíça
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