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1.
Int. microbiol ; 27(2): 615-630, Abr. 2024. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-232306

RESUMO

Investigating the ability of bacteria to simultaneously enhance hydrocarbon removal and reduce heavy metals’ toxicity is necessary to design more effective bioremediation strategies. A bacterium (NL2 strain) isolated from an Algerian oilfield was cultivated on crude oil as sole carbon and energy sources. Molecular analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strain within the Cutibacterium genera. This isolate was able to tolerate up to 60% of crude oil as sole carbon source. Chemical analyses (GC-MS) evidenced that strain NL2 was able to degrade 92.22% of crude oil (at optimal growing conditions: pH 10, 44 °C, 50 g L−1 NaCl, and 20% of crude oil (v/v) as sole carbon source) in only 7 days. NL2 isolate was also able to produce biosurfactants with reduction of surface tension of growing media (29.4 mN m−1). On the other hand, NL2 strain was able to tolerate high lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) concentrations (up to 60 mM). In fact, NL2 cultivated in the presence of 20% of crude oil, and 0.48 mM of Pb was able to reduce Pb concentration by a 41.36%. In turn, when cultivated on high Pb concentration (15 mM), the strain was able to remove 35.19% of it and 86.25% of crude oil, both in a time frame of 7 days. Our findings suggest that Cutibacterium strain NL2 is able to efficiently use and remove a wide range of crude oil substrates in presence of high Pb concentration. Accordingly, NL2 strain is of extreme interest from a biotechnological standpoint. (AU)


Assuntos
Bactérias , Hidrocarbonetos , Toxicidade , Metais Pesados , Biodegradação Ambiental , Indústria de Petróleo e Gás
2.
Int. microbiol ; 26(2): 411-421, May. 2023. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-220232

RESUMO

Due to low consumption and high efficiency, in situ microbial remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs)-contaminated sites in in-service petrochemical enterprises has attracted more and more attention. In this study, a degrading strain was isolated from oil depot–contaminated soil with soil extract (PHs) as the sole carbon source, identified and named Rhodococcus sp. OBD-3. Strain OBD-3 exhibited wide adaptability and degradability over a wide range of temperatures (15–37 °C), pH (6.0–9.0), and salinities (1–7% NaCl) to degrade 60.6–86.6% of PHs. Under extreme conditions (15 °C and 3–7% salinity), PHs were degraded by 60.6 ± 8.2% and more than 82.1% respectively. In OBD-3, the alkane monooxygenase genes alkB1 and alkB2 (GenBank accession numbers: MZ688386 and MZ688387) were found, which belonged to Rhodococcus by sequence alignment. Moreover, strain OBD-3 was used in lab scale remediation in which the contaminated soil with OBD-3 was isolated as the remediation object. The PHs were removed at 2,809 ± 597 mg/kg within 2 months, and the relative abundances of Sphingobium and Pseudomonas in soil increased more than fivefold. This study not only established a system for the isolation and identification of indigenous degrading strains that could efficiently degrade pollutants in the isolated environment but also enabled the isolated degrading strains to have potential application prospects in the in situ bioremediation of PHs-contaminated soils.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Biodegradação Ambiental , Hidrocarbonetos , Petróleo , Rhodococcus , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas
3.
Int. microbiol ; 26(1): 109-122, Ene. 2023. graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-215922

RESUMO

As the result of diesel’s extensive production and use as fuel for transportation, pollution with such complex mixtures of hydrocarbons is a major concern worldwide. The present study’s focus was to investigate the presence of diesel-degrading bacteria in different Danube Delta freshwater sediments. Ten bacterial strains capable to grow in a minimal medium with diesel as the sole carbon source were isolated and characterized in this study. Based on the phenotypic and molecular characteristics, the ten strains belong to four genera and seven species, such as Pseudomonas (P. aeruginosa, P. nitroreducens, P. resinovorans, P. multiresinivorans), Acinetobacter (A. tandoii), Bacillus (B. marisflavi), and Stenotrophomonas (S. maltophilia). All these bacteria were excellent biosurfactant producers, and they were able to tolerate saturated hydrocarbons, like n-heptane, n-decane, n-pentadecane, and n-hexadecane. The ten strains possess at least one alkane hydroxylase gene in their genome, and they were also able to tolerate and degrade diesel. Higher biodegradation rates of diesel were acquired for the strains from the genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Stenotrophomonas, compared with that obtained for the Bacillus strain. Due to their remarkable potential to degrade diesel and produce biosurfactants, the ten isolated bacteria are attractive candidates for bioremediation of diesel-polluted environments.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Bactérias , Água Doce , Hidrocarbonetos , Biodegradação Ambiental , Emissões de Veículos , Poluição Relacionada com o Tráfego , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas
4.
Int. microbiol ; 25(2): 339-351, May. 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-216036

RESUMO

Application of bacterial consortium of hydrocarbon degraders to crude oil–contaminated site can enhance bioremediation. This study evaluated the population dynamics and crude oil degradation abilities of various consortia developed from bacterial strains isolated from crude oil–contaminated sites using crude oil–supplemented Bushnell Haas media. Each consortium consisted of three bacterial strains and was designated as Consortium A (Serratia marcescens strain N4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain N3R, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain W11), B (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain N3R, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain W11, Pseudomonas protegens strain P7), C (Serratia marcescens strain N4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain W11, Pseudomonas protegens strain P7), and D (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain W15, Providencia vermicola strain W8, Serratia marcescens strain W13). There was progressive decline in the populations of Serratia marcescens strains in the consortia as the incubation period progressed. This may have led to reduction in their synergistic contribution and, subsequently, total degradation ability of crude oil by the consortia. The gravimetric analyses showed that Consortium D produced the highest % crude oil degradation of 29.66% compared to Consortia A, B, and C with 23.73%, 11.86%, and 19.49% respectively. Based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses, Consortium D produced the highest percentage total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation of 73.65% compared to 68.24%, 68.94%, and 69.19% produced by Consortia A, B, and C respectively. The biodegradation potential of Consortium D also demonstrates the significance of using isolates from the same isolation site in development of consortium for bioremediation.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Petróleo , Serratia marcescens , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Biodegradação Ambiental , Hidrocarbonetos , Nigéria , Microbiologia
5.
Cult. cuid ; 26(63): 1-21, 2do cuatrimestre, 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-206688

RESUMO

The oil spill at the La Pampilla refinery, managed by REPSOL, will have strong environmentalimpacts on the Peruvian coast, damaging marine life and other biological elements. This study seeks toanalyze the population's perception of the oil spill at the La Pampilla Refinery through a nonexperimental quantitative-descriptive method. The people who participated in the survey, composed of 7items, amounted to 1554 individuals, considering it a representative sample for the study's purpose. The results show that more than 90% of the population identifies REPSOL as responsible for the oil spill. Inaddition, they consider that this environmental disaster will have severe consequences for theenvironment, causing the disappearance of some marine species. Likewise, they conclude that thecontamination will take between two to five years to be eradicated due to the toxic components of thehydrocarbon. (AU)


El derrame ocurrido, en la refinería La Pampilla, administradas por la empresa REPSOL, dejaráfuertes impactos ambientales en la costa peruana, dañando la vida marina y otros componentes bióticos.El estudio analiza la percepción de la población sobre el derrame de petróleo en la Refinería La Pampillaa través de un método de tipo cuantitativo-descriptivo no experimental. La población que participó en laencuesta, compuesta por 7 ítems, ascendió a un total de 1554 personas, considerándose una muestrarepresentativa para el objeto del estudio. Los resultados muestran que la población identifica comoresponsable del derrame petrolero a la empresa REPSOL, con más 90%. Consideran que este desastreambiental acarreará consecuencias muy graves al medio ambiente, ocasionando la desaparición dealgunas especies marinas. Asimismo, concluyen que la contaminación tardará entre dos a cinco años paraser erradicada, debido a los componentes tóxicos del hidrocarburo. (AU)


O derramamento acontecido na refinaría La Pampilla, administrada pela empresa REPSOL,deixará fortes impactos ambientais na costa peruana, danificando a vida marinha e outros componentesbióticos. O estudo analiza a percepção da população sobre o derramamento de petróleo na Refinaria LaPampilla através de um método quantitativo-descriptivo não experimental. A população que participounos questionários de 7 itens foi de 1554 pessoas, sendo considerado uma amostra representativa para oobjeto de estudo. Os resultados demonstram que a população identifica como responsável doderramamento de petróleo à empresa REPSOL, com mais de 90%. Consideram que este desastreambiental acarretará conseqüências muito graves para o meio ambiente, ocasionando o desaparecimentode algumas espécies marinhas. Asim também, concluem que a poluição poderia ser erradicada entre doisa cinco anos, a causa dos componentes tóxicos do hidrocarboneto. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Poluição por Petróleo/história , Poluição Costeira/análise , Poluição Costeira/história , Poluição Costeira/políticas , Hidrocarbonetos , Peru , Percepção Social
7.
Int. microbiol ; 22(2): 181-189, jun. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-184825

RESUMO

This study aimed to analyze the bacterial diversity in carwash effluents and to determine their potential for use in microbial degradation of environmental contaminants. Nine carwash effluent samples were collected for physicochemical and bacterial community diversity analysis using multi-digital probes and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing respectively. The pH of all effluent samples was neutral to slightly alkaline. Oil and grease concentrations ranged from 15.3 to 49.7 mg/L. 16S gene amplicon sequencing of the nine samples produced 45,934-sequence reads, which translated to 13 bacterial phyla, 26 classes, and 43 genera. The most dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the distribution of the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia was influenced by the presence of oil and grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons-gasoline range organics (GRO-TPH), and metals species (Pb, Cu, and Zn). The dominant bacterial genera found in the present study were previously proven to biodegrade hydrocarbons, and their presence in carwash effluents could bode well for in situ natural bioremediation of these contaminated sites


No disponible


Assuntos
Bactérias/genética , Biota , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Hidrocarbonetos/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Bactérias/classificação , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Ribossômico/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Óleos/análise , Filogenia , Metais/análise
8.
Med. segur. trab ; 64(252): 271-294, jul.-sept. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-182336

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES: Policías de tráfico, conductores y otros profesionales, están expuestos de forma aguda y crónica a hidrocarburos ambientales del tráfico que pueden conllevar un riesgo para la salud. Dichos tóxicos, están presentes en la contaminación ambiental. En la literatura revisada no hemos encontrado protocolos ni EPIs para estas profesiones laborales, poniendo de relieve que aún queda mucho por desarrollar en este campo. En este artículo, revisamos la evidencia existente en cuanto a efectos nocivos en la salud por la exposición laboral a hidrocarburos en ambiente exterior. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la evidencia científica existente en la literatura acerca de los efectos biológicos de la exposición crónica laboral a hidrocarburos ambientales en los trabajadores expuestos a tráfico (y/o rodeados de HAPs). Material y MÉTODOS: Búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed, Toxnet, Scopus, Embase, y webs institucionales de donde recopilamos 25 artículos. RESULTADOS: Se han evidenciado cambios y efectos biológicos nocivos por exposición a los hidrocarburos ambientales (en su mayoría debidos al tráfico), así como la presencia de metabolitos en análisis biológicos de trabajadores expuestos. Dichos efectos han afectado al sistema reproductor, al sistema cardiovascular e incluso a la reparación de DNA. CONCLUSIONES: Parecen existir efectos nocivos para el organismo debidos a la exposición laboral ambiental. Se encontró asociación estadística significativa en la disminución de la reparación del DNA y en el aumento de metabolitos relacionados con hidrocarburos en sangre y orina


BACKGROUND: Traffic officers, drivers and other professionals previously exposed to other environmental traffic hydrocarbons, are acutely and chronically exposed to multiple hazardous substances that can affect health. These toxics are present in environmental pollution. In the literature reviewed, neither protocols nor PPEs have been found for these professions, which highlight the need to be taken into consideration. In this article, the existing evidence regarding the adverse health effects due to the exposure to hydrocarbons in external working environments is reviewed. OBJECTIVES: To determine the existing scientific evidence in literature about the biological effects of the work-related chronic exposure to environmental hydrocarbons in jobs exposed to traffic (and/or surrounded by PAHs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 25 articles have been compiled from Bibliographic research in Pubmed, Toxnet, Scopus, Embase, and institutional websites. RESULTS: Changes and harmful biological effects due to exposure to environmental hydrocarbons (most of them caused by traffic) and the presence of metabolites in the biological analyses of exposed workers have been evidenced. Such effects have affected both the reproductive and cardiovascular systems and even DNA repair. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse effects on the organism due to environmental exposure in the workplace seem to take place. Significant statistical association was found in the decrease of DNA repair and in the increase of metabolites related with hydrocarbons in blood and urine


Assuntos
Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional , Hidrocarbonetos/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Poluição Relacionada com o Tráfego/efeitos adversos , Benzeno/efeitos adversos , Polícia , Poluição Relacionada com o Tráfego/legislação & jurisprudência , Emissões de Veículos/toxicidade
9.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(5): 575-578, jun. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101686

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso infrecuente de parafinoma peneano. Este es el resultado de la inyección subcutánea o intrauretral de sustancias que contienen hidrocarburos saturados de cadena larga que generan una reacción inflamatoria crónica granulomatosa. Se trata de una práctica poco común en nuestro entorno. MÉTODO: Descripción de un caso clínico y revisión de lo publicado. Varón de 32 años que consultó por aumento doloroso del tamaño y consistencia del pene a raíz de la inyección subcutánea de parafina líquida dos años antes. RESULTADO: Se realizó escisión y reconstrucción peneana en dos tiempos, con buen resultado estético y funcional. Macroscópicamente se genera inflamación, necrosis, cicatrices deformantes, ulceraciones, abscesos estériles, erección dolorosa e incluso imposibilidad para mantener relaciones sexuales. Aunque se han ensayado diversos tratamientos con esteroides intralesionales y sistémicos, el único recurso terapéutico efectivo es la extirpación quirúrgica del material inyectado seguida de cirugía reconstructiva en caso necesario. CONCLUSIÓN: La inyección subcutánea de parafina en el pene es una práctica no justificable cuyo tratamiento es la escisión quirúrgica del tejido afectado(AU)


OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of penile paraffinoma caused by the subcutaneous or intra-urethral injection of foreign substances containing long-chain saturated hydrocarbons. These were injected in order to increase the penis size which generated a chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction. This is a rare practice in the western world. METHODS: We present the case of a 32-year-old Bulgarian male who presented with a two-year history of elastic, slightly painful penis swelling after subcutaneous liquid paraffin injection. The proposed treatment was excision of the affected tissue and penile reconstruction in a two-stage procedure. RESULTS: The operative procedure was successful and the patient had good aesthetic and functional results. Paraffin and other materials injected into the penis can produce many complications. Foreign body granuloma, skin necrosis, penile deformity, chronic and unhealed ulcer, painful erection, and the inability to achieve a satisfactory sexual relationship are some of the resulting complications. Intralesional or systemic steroids have been used in primary sclerosing lipogranuloma resulting in the disappearance of the granuloma, but in our opinion the treatment of choice should be radical excision, and, if necessary, secondary reconstruction of the penis. CONCLUSION: The injection of foreign substances to enhance penis size is currently an unjustifiable practice. However, it is still carried out, especially in Eastern Europe and Asia. In most cases surgical treatment is needed to treat the complications and the best modality seems to be radical excision together with follow-up(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Injeções Subcutâneas/instrumentação , Injeções Subcutâneas/métodos , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/induzido quimicamente , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/complicações , Parafina/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Pênis/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Pênis/complicações , Induração Peniana/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/complicações , Injeções Subcutâneas/tendências , Hidrocarbonetos/efeitos adversos , Induração Peniana/complicações , Induração Peniana/tratamento farmacológico , Induração Peniana/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/fisiopatologia
10.
Rev. toxicol ; 28(2): 135-139, jul.-dic. 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-94022

RESUMO

Se estudiaron suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos del petróleo, en cercanías de la ciudad de Comodoro Rivadavia (Chubut, Argentina). Además de cuantificar el contenido de hidrocarburos totales en suelo (TPH), se realizaron bioensayos, utilizando especies vegetales como organismos de prueba. Los índices utilizados fueron: el porcentaje de germinación (G), la elongación de la radícula (R) y del hipocotilo (H) en Lactuca sativa L y dos especies autóctonas de la región patagónica, Atriplex lampa y Prosopis denudans. Se consideró, además, el efecto de la salinidad sobre los bioensayos, en base a la medición de la conductividad eléctrica del suelo (CE). Los resultados obtenidos del análisis por componentes principales, muestran que la primera componente explica el 58,3 % de la variabilidad total con un gradiente de toxicidad al cual contribuyen, principalmente, el porcentaje de germinación de Lactuca sativa L (GL) y Atriplex lampa (GA), en este orden de significancia. La segunda componente explica el 16,9 % y la misma está caracterizada por TPH y CE. Además, no se ha encontrado una correlación simple y directa entre TPH y toxicidad, lo cual sugiere que TPH, en conjunción con ensayos ecotóxicos, parece ser una herramienta más adecuada para definir el punto final de una remediación. La especie autóctona Atriplex lampa mostró tener una sensibilidad similar a la especie Lactuca sativa L por lo que podría considerarse su utilidad como una especie fitoindicadora en las evaluaciones de riesgo ambiental (AU)


Oil spills near of the Comodoro Rivadavia city (Chubut, Argentina) were studied. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) is used to characterize the samples and bioassays were carried out using plants as test organisms. The percentage germination (G), the root elongation (R) and the hypocotyls elongation (H) in Lactuca sativa L and two native species to Patagonian region, Atriplex lampa and Prosopis denudans were used as toxicological indexes. It was considered the effect of salinity on the bioassays, based on the measurement of the electrical conductivity of soil (EC). Application of principal component analysis to experimental data showed that the first component accounted for more than 58.3 % of variance. The 1st PC is largely influenced by the germination percentage of Lactuca sativa L (GL) and Atriplex lampa (GA), in that order of significance. The second component accounted 16.9 % of variance. The 2nd PC is largely influenced by TPH and EC. A simple and direct correlation between TPH and toxicity was not found suggesting that TPH in conjunction with ecotoxicity test would be more successfully tool to define the end point of a remediation. The native specie Atriplex lampa showed to have a similar sensibility to the Lactuca sativa L suggesting that it could be used as a phytoindicator in assessement of environmental risk (AU)


Assuntos
Testes de Toxicidade/instrumentação , Atriplex/toxicidade , 35444 , Hidrocarbonetos/intoxicação , Hidrocarbonetos/toxicidade , 26798/intoxicação , 26798/toxicidade , Atriplex/intoxicação , Poluição Ambiental/análise , Testes de Toxicidade/métodos , Testes de Toxicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Derramamento de Materiais Perigosos , 35443 , Testes de Toxicidade , Poluição Ambiental/história , Poluição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Testes de Toxicidade/tendências
11.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 22(5): 483-491, oct. 2008. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-61234

RESUMO

In Spain environmental surveillance has mainly relied on measuresof selected pollutants in air, water, food and soil. A studywas conducted in Madrid to assess the feasibility of implementinga surveillance system of exposure among the generalpopulation to specific environmental pollutants, using biomarkers.The project was basically focused on the environmentsurrounding newborns. Hence, the study population was madeup of 145 triplets of pregnant women at around 8 months’ gestation,their partners, and newborns from two areas, representingthe two main types of urban environments in the region,i.e., the City of Madrid and its outlying metropolitan belt.Multiple biologic substrates were collected from each participantin order to assess the most suitable samples for an environmentalsurveillance system. The selected contaminantsrepresent the main agents to which a population like that ofMadrid is exposed every day, including certain heavy metals,persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,as well as micronuclei in peripheral blood, a commonlyused unspecific index of cytogenetic damage. In addition,passive air samplers were placed around subjects’ placeof residence. This paper reports in detail on the design andresponse rates, summarizes field work results, and discussessome lessons learned(AU)


En España, la vigilancia medioambiental se basa principalmenteen medidas de ciertos contaminantes en muestrasde aire, agua, alimentos y suelos. En Madrid se ha realizadoun estudio para valorar la posibilidad de poner en marchaun sistema de vigilancia de exposiciones a contaminantesambientales en la población general utilizando biomarcadores.El proyecto ha tenido como eje el estudio del entornode los recién nacidos. Por tanto, la población de estudio laconstituyen 145 ®tríos» formados por mujeres en su octavomes de embarazo, sus parejas y los recién nacidos de dosáreas geográficas, que representan los dos principales entornosurbanos de la región, es decir, Madrid capital y su áreametropolitana. Se recogieron múltiples sustratos biológicosde cada participante con el objeto de valorar las muestrasmás adecuadas para un sistema de vigilancia de exposicionesambientales. Los contaminantes elegidos representan losprincipales agentes tóxicos a los que una población como lade Madrid está expuesta diariamente, e incluyen metales pesados,contaminantes orgánicos persistentes e hidrocarburosaromáticos policíclicos; se ha añadido también una medidainespecífica de daño citogenético, los micronúcleos ensangre periférica. Además, se han colocado muestreadorespasivos de aire en los alrededores del domicilio de los participantes.Este artículo describe en detalle el diseño del estudioy la tasa de respuesta, resume los resultados del trabajode campo y comenta algunas enseñanzas prácticas deéste(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/imunologia , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/tendências , Biomarcadores Farmacológicos/análise , Hidrocarbonetos/efeitos adversos , Hidrocarbonetos/intoxicação , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Espanha/epidemiologia , Projetos de Pesquisa/tendências , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Exposição Ambiental/normas , Doença Ambiental/epidemiologia , Doença Ambiental/prevenção & controle
12.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 43(11): 628-635, nov. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056736

RESUMO

El naufragio del petrolero Prestige frente a las costas gallegas no sólo supuso el mayor desastre ecológico en la historia de nuestro país, sino que también propició la exposición de miles de personas que participaron en la limpieza de las zonas contaminadas a compuestos potencialmente tóxicos para la salud. Teniendo en cuenta que la vía respiratoria es una de las principales puertas de entrada de estos compuestos en el organismo, los posibles efectos de estos vertidos preocupan especialmente a los profesionales que nos dedicamos a las enfermedades respiratorias. Sin embargo, la información clínica que tenemos es manifiestamente insuficiente. Por tal motivo se ha elaborado esta revisión. En ella se analizan los estudios científicos realizados a propósito de otros naufragios de petroleros. Finalmente se exponen los datos clínicos y epidemiológicos de las investigaciones publicadas hasta la fecha con ocasión del hundimiento del buque Prestige


The sinking of the oil tanker Prestige off the coast of Galicia was not only the worst ecological disaster ever to affect Spain, it also led to thousands of people who participated in the cleanup of the contaminated areas being exposed to potentially dangerous toxic substances. As the airway is one of the principal routes of entry into the body of these toxic compounds, the possible effects of exposure to such spills is of particular interest and concern to respiratory specialists. The paucity of clinical information available on the subject was the motive for this paper, which reviews the scientific studies undertaken in the aftermath of other accidents involving oil tankers and concludes with a summary of the clinical and epidemiological data published to date on the Prestige oil spill


Assuntos
Poluição por Petróleo , Poluição do Mar , Saúde Ambiental , Petróleo/intoxicação , Petróleo/toxicidade , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos/história , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos/intoxicação , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos/toxicidade , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Poluição Ambiental/história , Poluição Costeira , Petróleo/história , Hidrocarbonetos/intoxicação , Hidrocarbonetos/toxicidade , Poluição Ambiental/análise , Poluição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos
14.
Int. microbiol ; 9(2): 119-124, jun. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-048326

RESUMO

Hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms from natural environments have been isolated and identified using culture-dependent or molecular techniques. However, there has been little research into the occurrence of microorganisms incorporated into crude oil in the initial steps of extraction and handling, which can reduce the quality of stored petroleum. In the present study, a packed-column reactor filled with autoclaved perlite soaked with crude oil was subjected to a continuous flow of sterile medium in order to determine the presence of potential hydrocarbon degraders. Microorganisms developed on the surface of the perlite within a period of 73 days. DNA was extracted from the biofilm and then PCR-amplified using 16S rRNA bacterial and archaeal primers and 18S rRNA eukaryotic primers. No amplification was obtained using archaeal primers. However, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed the presence of unique bands indicating bacterial and eukaryotic amplification. Excision of these bands, sequencing, and subsequent BLAST search showed that they corresponded to Bacillus sp. and Aspergillus versicolor. The fungus was later isolated from intact perlite in agar plates. A bacterial clone library was used to confirm the presence in the biofilm of a unique hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium closely related to Bacillus sp. Analysis of the petroleum components by gas chromatography showed that there n-alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and carbazoles were degraded (AU)


Algunos autores han aislado e identificado microorganismos degradadores de petróleo utilizando técnicas moleculares o dependientes de cultivo. Sin embargo, se ha investigado poco la presencia de microorganismos que entran en contacto con el petróleo en las fases iniciales de su extracción y manipulación, circunstancia que puede reducir la calidad del petróleo almacenado. Mediante un reactor con una columna cargada con perlita esterilizada en autoclave y empapada de petróleo, y sujeto a un flujo continuo de medio estéril, determinamos la presencia de posibles degradadores de hidrocarburos. En la superficie de la perlita se desarrollaron microorganismos en un período de 73 días. Se extrajo el DNA del biofilm, y se amplificó por PCR con cebadores para el 16S rRNA de bacterias y arqueas y con cebadores para el 18S rRNA de eucariotas. No se obtuvo ampliación del DNA de arqueas, pero el análisis por electroforesis en gel con gradiente desnaturalizante (DGGE) reveló la presencia de bandas únicas en la amplificación de bacterias y eucariotas. La escisión de estas bandas, la secuenciación y la subsiguiente búsqueda en BLAST demostraron que correspondían a Bacillus sp. y a Aspergillus versicolor. El hongo fue aislado posteriormente en placas de agar a partir de perlita intacta. También se llevó a cabo una biblioteca genética bacteriana, que confirmó la presencia de una única bacteria degradadora de petróleo en el biofilm, muy próxima a Bacillus sp. El análisis de los componentes del petróleo por cromatografía de gases mostró que había habido degradación de n-alcanos, hidrocarburos aromáticos y carbazoles (AU)


Assuntos
Aspergillus/metabolismo , Bacillus/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos/metabolismo , Petróleo/metabolismo , Ecossistema , Biofilmes , Aspergillus/genética , Bacillus/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Hidrocarbonetos/química , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia
15.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 29(6): 334-337, jun. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-046899

RESUMO

Fundamento y objetivos: Investigar la presencia de hipertransaminasemia, como expresión bioquímica de daño hepático, y correlacionarla con la exposición a hidrocarburos (benceno, tolueno y xileno BTX) en trabajadores de una empresa petroquímica. Pacientes y método: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 167 empleados, 95 expuestos (GE) y 72 no expuestos (GNE), y se evaluaron los siguientes parámetros: edad, sexo, antigüedad laboral, índice de masa corporal y pruebas bioquímicas. Se excluyó a los que presentaban hepatopatía previa, diabetes mellitus o ingesta de alcohol > 50 g/día. En los que se halló hipertransaminasemia se realizaron las siguientes pruebas: proteinograma, protrombina, anti-HBc, HBsAg, anti-VHC y ecografía hepática. Tres operarios comprendidos en el GE fueron excluidos, 2 por presentar marcadores séricos de virus de hepatitis B y otro por haber decidido no participar en el estudio; en definitiva, el GE quedó constituido por 92 trabajadores. Se midieron los contaminantes ambientales. Resultados: Veintisiete individuos del GE (29,4%) y uno del GNE (1,4%) presentaron hipertransaminasemia (p = 0,001). El resto de las pruebas bioquímicas, hemograma y de los otros parámetros analizados no mostraron diferencias entre ambos grupos. Iguales parámetros se evaluaron entre GE1 (ALAT normal) y GE2 (elevada) sin hallarse diferencias. En la ecografía se halló compatibilidad con hígado graso en 14 (51,9%) de los 27 pacientes del GE2. Un individuo (1,4%) del GNE presentó alanino-aminotransferasa elevada y ecografía compatible con hígado graso. Los valores de compuestos orgánicos volátiles ambientales resultaron inferiores a las 5 ppm exigidas durante los 9 meses que duró el estudio (benceno 1,5 ppm, tolueno 10 ppm, y xileno 18,5 ppm). La odds ratio para desarrollar hipertransaminasemia en el GE fue de 27,7 (p = 0,002). Conclusiones: La exposición laboral a hidrocarburos volátiles puede ocasionar daño hepático. El hígado, según nuestros hallazgos, aparece como más vulnerable a los hidrocarburos volátiles que la médula ósea. Estas conclusiones deberían servir para modificar las normas de tolerabilidad ambiental vigentes en las refinerías de Argentina


Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of hypertransaminasemia (hTAMSemia) as an indicator of liver damage and to establish the association of this hepatotoxicity with exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and xylene [BTX]) among workers in a petrochemical company. Patients and method: The medical records of 167 industrial employees, 95 with hydrocarbon exposure (EHCs) and 72 without exposure (NEHCs) were reviewed. Age, sex, number of years employed, body mass index, and biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated. Employees with previous liver disease, diabetes mellitus, or alcohol intake (> 50 g/day) were excluded. In employees with hTAMSemia, we performed a proteinogram and hepatic ultrasonography and tested blood samples for prothrombin and hepatitis B and C markers. Within this subgroup, 3 workers were excluded (due to serum markers of hepatitis B virus in 2 and refusal to participate in 1), leaving a total of 92 in the EHC group. Finally, the working environment was screened for volatile contaminants. Results: Twenty-seven employees from the EHC group (29.4%) and 1 from the NEHC group (1.4%) had hTAMSemia (p = 0.001). The remaining biochemical tests and parameters measured showed no significant differences between the two groups. Comparison between the EHC subgroup of 27 workers showing hTAMSemia and the remainder of the EHC group with normal values (65 workers) revealed no differences in the other parameters measured. Of the 27 workers of the former subgroup, 14 (51.9%) showed ultrasonographic images compatible with a fatty liver. One worker (1.4%) in the NEHC group showed hTAMSemia and ultrasonography compatible with fatty liver. The environmental levels of BTX during the 9 months of the study remained below the maximum values permitted by law in Argentina (benzene, 1.5 ppm., toluene 10 ppm and xylene 18.5 ppm). The odds ratio of developing hTAMSemia in the EHC group was 27.7 (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons may cause liver damage. The liver is more vulnerable to these hydrocarbons than bone marrow. These conclusions would argue for a modification of the environmental regulations currently in force within the petroleum refineries in Argentina


Assuntos
Masculino , Humanos , Hidrocarbonetos/efeitos adversos , Indústria de Petróleo e Gás , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Alanina Transaminase , Hepatopatias/induzido quimicamente , Hepatopatias/enzimologia , Doenças Profissionais/induzido quimicamente , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia
16.
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 69(1): 157-177, ene. 2003. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-24605

RESUMO

La segunda parte del estudio "Urbanismo y Salud Pública en el espacio urbano" (cuya primera parte ha sido publicada en el n.° 4) trata de los contaminantes de Madrid y sus efectos sobre los monumentos del Paseo del Prado y en la salud de los madrileños. La ciudad es un foco contaminante debido a los vehículos de motor, causantes de una gran parte de la contaminación atmosférica, y a la civilización del bienestar, que con sus calefacciones y aparatos de refrigeración aumenta la contaminación de la ciudad. La degradación de los monumentos se produce fundamentalmente por el efecto hídrico de sus aguas, ya que su composición varía según la concentración de los contaminantes. Respecto a la salud de los ciudadanos, lo que más se constata son alteraciones respiratorias. El trabajo finaliza resaltando el papel de la educación ambiental para buscar soluciones al problema de la contaminación (AU)


Assuntos
Poluição Ambiental/análise , Urbanização/tendências , Poluentes Ambientais , Monóxido de Carbono/análise , Ozônio/análise , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/análise , Óxidos de Enxofre/análise , Hidrocarbonetos/análise , Material Particulado , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Mudança Climática
17.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 26(supl.1): 209-223, ene. 2003. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-30326

RESUMO

Las intoxicaciones en la infancia constituyen el 0,30,4 por ciento de las consultas en los servicios de urgencias pediátricas y son una patología a tener en cuenta por su frecuencia, consumo de recursos sanitarios, repercusión en el entorno y posibilidad de ser evitadas. En lo que respecta a su epidemiología, la primera causa de intoxicación pediátrica son los fármacos, destacando el paracetamol como intoxicación más frecuente. En segundo lugar por orden de frecuencia se encuentran los productos de uso doméstico, aunque su importancia en toxicología pediátrica radica fundamentalmente en que algunos de estos productos, como el caso de los cosméticos producen ingestas accidentales casi exclusivamente en niños. La actuación hospitalaria del niño intoxicado consta de una primera fase de medidas de soporte vital y estabilización, seguida de identificación del tóxico y medidas de descontaminación en caso de ser necesario. Dada la gran amplitud del tema y la imposibilidad de desarrollar toda la toxicología pediátrica, en este artículo se describe su epidemiología en nuestro medio y se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre el abordaje de las intoxicaciones infantiles más frecuentes o más características. Se comenta brevemente el tratamiento de la intoxicación por paracetamol sobre todo en niños menores de 7 años y la ingesta de cáusticos. Se revisan las intoxicaciones por productos del hogar incluyendo jabones, detergentes, cosméticos, hidrocarburos, anilinas, naftalina y peróxido de hidrógeno. Un apartado que se aborda con especial detenimiento es la metahemoglobinemia, revisando su fisiopatología, etiología, clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Metemoglobinemia/terapia , Cáusticos/intoxicação , Acetaminofen/intoxicação , Cosméticos/intoxicação , Intoxicação/terapia , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Descontaminação/métodos , Antídotos/administração & dosagem , Hidrocarbonetos/intoxicação
18.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 3(4): 153-159, oct.-dic. 2000. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-135491

RESUMO

CAREX es un sistema de información internacional sobre exposiciones laborales a carcinógenos conocidos y sospechosos en los 15 países de la Unión Europea. La base de datos de CAREX (CARcinogen EXposure) proporciona datos de exposición seleccionados y estimaciones del número de trabajadores expuestos por país, carcinógeno e industria. CAREX incluye datos de 139 agentes evalua­ dos por la lnternational Agency for Research on Cancer para cada uno de los 55 sectores de actividad económica de acuerdo a la clasificación de las Naciones Unidas. Las exposiciones laborales a estos carcinógenos fueron estimadas para el período 1990­1993. Alrededor de 32 millones de trabajadores (23% de los empleados) en los 15 países de la UE y 3,1 millones de trabajadores en España estaban expuestos a algunos de los agentes cancerígenos. En España, entre las exposiciones más frecuentes, se identificaron la radia­ción solar (1.084.000 trabajadores expuestos al menos el 75% de la jornada laboral), el humo de tabaco ambiental (670.000 trabaja­ dores expuestos el 75% del tiempo), el sílice cristalino (405.000 expuestos), el polvo de madera (398.000), el radón y sus productos de desintegración (280.000), el humo de escape de motor Diesel (274.000), el benceno (90.000), los metales pesados, tales como el cromo (57.000), el cadmio (16.000) o el níquel (43.000), el amianto (57.000) y formaldehído (71.000). El número de trabajadores expuestos a carcinógenos conocidos o sospechosos generados por CAREX constituye las primeras estimaciones publicadas para la UE y para España. Aunque estas estimaicones deberían ser consideradas como preliminares, indica claramente que a principios de los años noventa existía un elevado número de trabajadores expuestos a cancerígenos en su lugar de trabajo (AU)


CAREX is an international information system for the estimation of the numbers of workers exposed to established and suspected human carcinogens in the member states of the European Union (EU). The CAREX database was designed to provide selected ex­ posure data and documented estimates of the number of workers exposed to carcinogens by country, carcinogen, and industry. CA­ REX includes data on 139 agents evaluated by the lnternational Agency for Research on Cancer, displayed across the 55 industrial classes. Occupational exposures were estimated for 1990­199 3. About 32 million workers (23% of those employed) in the EU and 3.1 million workers in Spain were exposed to any carcinogen agents. The more common exposures in Spain were solar radiation (1,084,000 workers exposed at least 75% of working time), environmental tobacco smoke ( 670,000 workers exposed at least 7 5% of working time), crystalline silica ( 405 ,000 exposed), wood dust (398,000), Diesel exhaust benzene (90,000), chromium VI compounds (57,000), cadmium (16,000), nickel (43,000), asbestos (57,000), and formaldehyde (71,000). The number of workers exposed to established and suspected human carcinogens generated by the CAREX has been the first published estimates for EU and Spain. These preliminary estimates indicare that in the early 1990s, a substancial proportion of workers in the EU were exposed to carcinogen (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Carcinógenos Ambientais/isolamento & purificação , Carcinógenos Ambientais/intoxicação , 16359/efeitos adversos , 16359/classificação , Tecnologia da Informação/classificação , Tecnologia da Informação/métodos , Hidrocarbonetos/análise , Hidrocarbonetos/síntese química , Carcinógenos Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Carcinógenos Ambientais/síntese química , 16359/análise , 16359/prevenção & controle , Tecnologia da Informação/políticas , Hidrocarbonetos/isolamento & purificação , Hidrocarbonetos/toxicidade , Espanha/etnologia
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