Local and distant recurrence of the chromophobe renal cell carcinoma / Recidiva local y a distancia del carcinoma renal cromófobo

INTRODUCTION: There is still limited knowledge about surveillance and optimal management for patients with recurrent chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: Describe our experience in the diagnosis and management in recurrent chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Review of medical records of patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, selecting those cases that developed recurrence. RESULTS: Of the 23 patients, 4 developed recurrence and were the subjects of our analysis. The mean age was 61.5 years. Surgical treatment of primary renal tumor consisted of three radical nephrectomies and one partial nephrectomy. The mean time from nephrectomy to disease recurrence was 6.7 years. One patient had recurrence in the retrovesical area, another in bone, and the two others in the retroperitoneum. The treatment for retrovesical recurrence was an incomplete metastasectomy followed by temsirolimus and subsequent removal of the residual mass, staying stable. The other three cases were unresectable surgically and received sunitinib. One patient now has a stable diseaseand the two others died. CONCLUSIONS: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma showed a greater tendency to metastasize, so requires a surveillance protocol based on the risk of recurrence

INTRODUCCIÓN: Existe un conocimiento limitado respecto al manejo óptimo y seguimiento del carcinoma renal cromófobo recidivante. OBJETIVO: Describir nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del carcinoma renal cromófobo recidivante. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Revisión de las historias clínicas de 23 pacientes diagnosticados de carcinoma renal cromófobo, seleccionando aquellos casos que desarrollaron recidiva. RESULTADOS: De los 23 pacientes, 4 desarrollaron recidiva y fueron los casos de nuestro análisis. La edad media fue de 61,5 años. La cirugía del tumor renal primario consistió en tres nefrectomías radicales y una parcial. La media del tiempo desde la nefrectomía hasta la recidiva fue de6,7 años. Un paciente tuvo recidiva retrovesical, otro ósea y los otros dos en retroperitoneo. El tratamiento para la recidiva retrovesical fue una metastasectomía parcial seguida de temsirolimus y posterior exéresis de la masa residual, manteniéndose estable. Los otros tres casos fueron irresecables quirúrgicamente y recibieron sunitinib, de los cuáles, un paciente está estable y los otros dos fallecieron. CONCLUSIONES: El carcinoma renal cromófobo presentó una mayor tendencia a metastatizar, por lo que requiere un protocolo de vigilancia basado en el riesgo de recidiva

Local and distant recurrence of the chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. / Recidiva local y a distancia del carcinoma renal cromófobo.

INTRODUCTION: There is still limited knowledgeabout surveillance and optimal management for patientswith recurrent chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: Describe our experience in the diagnosis andmanagement in recurrent chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Review of medical records ofpatients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, selectingthose cases that developed recurrence. RESULTS: Of the 23 patients, 4 developed recurrence andwere the subjects of our analysis. The mean age was 61.5years. Surgical treatment of primary renal tumor consistedof three radical nephrectomies and one partial nephrectomy.The mean time from nephrectomy to disease recurrencewas 6.7 years. One patient had recurrence in the retrovesicalarea, another in bone, and the two others in theretroperitoneum. The treatment for retrovesical recurrencewas an incomplete metastasectomy followed by temsirolimusand subsequent removal of the residual mass, stayingstable. The other three cases were unresectable surgicallyand received sunitinib. One patient now has a stable diseaseand the two others died. CONCLUSIONS: Chromophobe renal cell carcinomashowed a greater tendency to metastasize, so requires asurveillance protocol based on the risk of recurrence.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Existe un conocimientolimitado respecto al manejo óptimo y seguimiento del carcinomarenal cromófobo recidivante. OBJETIVO: Describir nuestra experiencia en el diagnósticoy tratamiento del carcinoma renal cromófobo recidivante. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Revisión de las historias clínicasde 23 pacientes diagnosticados de carcinoma renal cromófobo,seleccionando aquellos casos que desarrollaronrecidiva. RESULTADOS: De los 23 pacientes, 4 desarrollaron recidivay fueron los casos de nuestro análisis. La edad mediafue de 61,5 años. La cirugía del tumor renal primario consistióen tres nefrectomías radicales y una parcial. La mediadel tiempo desde la nefrectomía hasta la recidiva fue de6,7 años. Un paciente tuvo recidiva retrovesical, otro óseay los otros dos en retroperitoneo. El tratamiento para la recidivaretrovesical fue una metastasectomía parcial seguidade temsirolimus y posterior exéresis de la masa residual,manteniéndose estable. Los otros tres casos fueron irresecablesquirúrgicamente y recibieron sunitinib, de los cuáles,un paciente está estable y los otros dos fallecieron. CONCLUSIONES: El carcinoma renal cromófobo presentóuna mayor tendencia a metastatizar, por lo que requiereun protocolo de vigilancia basado en el riesgo de recidiva.

Leiomiomas vesicales / Bladder leiomyomas

Los leiomiomas vesicales son tumores benignos infrecuentes, causan sintomatología miccional y su tratamiento es quirúrgico. Objetivo: Presentar nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del leiomioma vesical. Material y metodo: Serie de 3 casos clínicos. Resultados: De los 3 casos, 2 fueron mujeres y 1 fue hombre. La edad media fue 33 años. Las dos mujeres presentaron síntomas miccionales irritativos y palpación de una masa pélvica, y el hombre cursó asintomático. La ecografía halló una masa anexial e hidronefrosis izquierdas en una paciente, tumoración vesical en otra paciente y masa pélvica de etiología no definida en el paciente varón. La tomografía y la resonancia magnética demostraron el origen vesical de la lesión. La biopsia confirmó el diagnóstico de leiomioma. Se realizó cistectomía parcial en todos los casos, con nefrectomía en uno de ellos. Durante el seguimiento no ocurrió recidiva tumoral. Conclusiones: Los estudios de imagen nos orientan al diagnóstico. La resección transuretral está indicada en lesiones menores de 3 cm. y la enucleación o cistectomía parcial en lesiones de mayor tamaño. Su pronóstico es bueno

Bladder leiomyomas are rare benign tumors; their common presentation are irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. The treatment is complete surgical resection. Objective: To present our experience in the diagnosis and the treatment of bladder leiomyoma. Methods: A series of three clinical cases. Results: In our series, two patients were women and one was man. The mean age was 33 years. Two women presented with irritative urinary symptoms and palpation of a pelvic mass, and the man was asymptomatic. Ultrasound showed the presence of an adnexal mass with left hydronephrosis in a female patient, bladder tumor in another female patient and pelvic mass of unknown etiology in the male patient. CT scan and MRI demonstrated the bladder origin of the lesion. A biopsy confirmed a bladder leiomyoma. Surgical treatment was partial cystectomy in all patients, and in one of them, nephrectomy was performed. During follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic and without recurrence. Conclusions: Imaging studies guide to diagnosis. Transurethral resection is recommended in lesions smaller than 3 cm. and enucleation or partial cystectomy in larger lesions. Prognosis is good

[Bladder leiomyomas.] / Leiomiomas vesicales.

Bladder leiomyomas are rare benign tumors; their common presentation are irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. The treatment is complete surgical resection. OBJECTIVE: To present our experience in the diagnosis and the treatment of bladder leiomyoma. METHODS: A series of three clinical cases. RESULTS: In our series, two patients were women and one was man. The mean age was 33 years. Two women presented with irritative urinary symptoms and palpation of a pelvic mass, and the man was asymptomatic. Ultrasound showed the presence of an adnexal mass with left hydronephrosis in a female patient, bladder tumor in another female patient and pelvic mass of unknown etiology in the male patient. CT scan and MRI demonstrated the bladder origin of the lesion. A biopsy confirmed a bladder leiomyoma. Surgical treatment was partial cystectomy in all patients, and in one of them, nephrectomy was performed. During follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic and without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Imaging studies guide to diagnosis. Transurethral resection is recommended in lesions smaller than 3 cm. and enucleation or partial cystectomy in larger lesions. Prognosis is good.

Los leiomiomas vesicales son tumores benignos infrecuentes, causan sintomatología miccional y su tratamiento es quirúrgico. OBJETIVO: Presentar nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del leiomioma vesical. MATERIAL Y METODO: Serie de 3 casos clínicos. RESULTADOS: De los 3 casos, 2 fueron mujeres y 1 fue hombre. La edad media fue 33 años. Las dos mujeres presentaron síntomas miccionales irritativos y palpación de una masa pélvica, y el hombre cursó asintomático. La ecografía halló una masa anexial e hidronefrosis izquierdas en una paciente, tumoración vesical en otra paciente y masa pélvica de etiología no definida en el paciente varón. La tomografía y la resonancia magnética demostraron el origen vesical de la lesión. La biopsia confirmó el diagnóstico de leiomioma. Se realizó cistectomía parcial en todos los casos, con nefrectomía en uno de ellos. Durante el seguimiento no ocurrió recidiva tumoral. CONCLUSIONES: Los estudios de imagen nos orientan al diagnóstico. La resección transuretral está indicada en lesiones menores de 3 cm. y la enucleación o cistectomía parcial en lesiones de mayor tamaño. Su pronóstico es bueno.

Adrenal ganglioneuroma.

OBJECTIVE: To present one case of adrenal ganglioneuroma incidentally diagnosed in an adult. METHODS/RESULTS: 44-year-old woman with a 2.3 cm incidentaloma in the left adrenal gland diagnosed by CT scan. At 6 months, MRI was performed and a left adrenal nodule 3.7 cm was shown. Due to the progressive growth of the mass, surgery was indicated and left laparoscopic adrenalectomy was carried out. The final pathologic diagnosis was adrenal ganglioneuroma. CONCLUSIONS: The ganglioneuroma is a tumor composed of Schwann cells and ganglion cells. Its location in the adrenal gland is unusual, most frequently affecting other regions. Being asymptomatic lesions, they are often detected incidentally when performing imaging tests. There are radiological features that differentiate them from other adrenal masses. The treatment of choice is surgery, with adrenalectomy.

Ganglioneuroma de glándula suprarrenal / Adrenal ganglioneuroma

OBJETIVO: Presentar el caso clínico de un ganglioneuroma de suprarrenal diagnosticado, en un adulto, de manera incidental. MÉTODOS/RESULTADOS: Mujer de 44 años diagnosticada de incidentaloma de 2,3 cm en la glándula suprarrenal izquierda en un TAC realizado por estudio de hemoptisis. Con estudio analítico completo de masa suprarrenal no funcionante, se realizó a los 6 meses una RMN en la que se objetiva un nódulo suprarrenal izquierdo de 3,7 cm. Ante el crecimiento progresivo de la masa se decide tratamiento quirúrgico mediante suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica izquierda, estableciendo el diagnóstico anatomopatológico definitivo de ganglioneuroma de glándula suprarrenal. CONCLUSIÓN: El Ganglioneuroma es un tumor caracterizado por una mezcla de células de Schwann y células ganglionares maduras. Su localización en la glándula suprarrenal es inusual, presentando predisposición por otras regiones. Al tratarse de lesiones asintomáticas suelen ser detectadas de manera incidental al realizar una prueba de imagen. Presenta unas características radiológicas que lo diferencian del resto de masas suprarrenales. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, mediante suprarrenalectomía (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To present one case of adrenal ganglioneuroma incidentally diagnosed in an adult. METHODS/RESULTS: 44-year-old woman with a 2.3 cm incidentaloma in the left adrenal gland diagnosed by CT scan. At 6 months, MRI was performed and a left adrenal nodule 3.7 cm was shown. Due to the progressive growth of the mass, surgery was indicated and left laparoscopic adrenalectomy was carried out. The final pathologic diagnosis was adrenal ganglioneuroma. CONCLUSIONS: The ganglioneuroma is a tumor composed of Schwann cells and ganglion cells. Its location in the adrenal gland is unusual, most frequently affecting other regions. Being asymptomatic lesions, they are often detected incidentally when performing imaging tests. There are radiological features that differentiate them from other adrenal masses. The treatment of choice is surgery, with adrenalectomy (AU)

Supernumerary testicle: case report and bibliographic review.

OBJECTIVE: We report a case of supernumerary testis, a rare anomaly with only around 100 cases reported in the literature. METHODS: We describe the case of a 26-year-old man who consulted for a left paratesticular tumor. Physical examination and ultrasound showed a 2-cm nodular lesion over the left epididymis. The lesion was confirmed as supernumerary testis by surgical examination and biopsy and was subsequently excised, given the malignancy potential. RESULTS: The supernumerary testis was evaluated using two standard classifications, one assessing function and embryological development, and the other assessing topography, anatomy, and reproductive potential. CONCLUSIONS: The differential diagnosis for an intrascrotal mass should include the possibility of a supernumerary testis; hence, surgical examination and biopsy are necessary. Supernumerary testes should be excised in the case of pain, dysplasia, or in situ carcinoma, or whenever the biopsy is inconclusive.

Poliorquia: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Supernumerary testicle: case report and bibliographic review

OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso de teste supernumerario, rara anomalía de la que existen descritos y fundamentados aproximadamente 120 casos. MÉTODOS: Presentamos el caso de un varón de 26 años que consultó por presentar tumoración paratesticular izquierda. La exploración física y ecográfica evidenciaron una lesión nodular de aproximadamente 2 cm sobre epidídimo izquierdo que se confirmaría posteriormente durante la exploración quirúrgica y biopsia. Dada la posibilidad de malignización se decidió extirpar el teste supernumerario. RESULTADOS: Para evaluar un teste supernumerario disponemos de varias clasificaciones que evalúan la funcionalidad y el desarrollo embriológico del mismo, así como la topografía, la anatomía y su potencial reproductivo. CONCLUSIONES: Ante una masa intraescrotal debemos tener en cuenta a la hora de realizar el diagnóstico diferencial la presencia de un teste supernumerario, siendo fundamental la exploración quirúrgica y biopsia. Realizaremos exéresis del teste supernumerario siempre que sea origen de dolor, displasia, carcinoma in situ, o la biopsia arroje dudas(AU)

OBJECTIVE: We report a case of supernumerary testis, a rare anomaly with only around 100 cases reported in the literature. METHODS: We describe the case of a 26-year-old man who consulted for a left paratesticular tumor. Physical examination and ultrasound showed a 2-cm nodular lesion over the left epididymis. The lesion was confirmed as supernumerary testis by surgical examination and biopsy and was subsequently excised, given the malignancy potential. RESULTS: The supernumerary testis was evaluated using two standard classifications, one assessing function and embryological development, and the other assessing topography, anatomy, and reproductive potential. CONCLUSIONS: The differential diagnosis for an intrascrotal mass should include the possibility of a supernumerary testis; hence, surgical examination and biopsy are necessary. Supernumerary testes should be excised in the case of pain, dysplasia, or in situ carcinoma, or whenever the biopsy is inconclusive(AU)

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder. 15-year retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are cancers found in the bronchopulmonary tract, where they were first described in 1926. The tumors are associated with poor prognosis due to their high metastatic potency even after radical treatments associated with other neo- or adjuvant therapies. NET of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor and accounts for 0.5% of bladder tumors. METHODS: The study was designed as an observational, descriptive and retrospective study of 13 patients diagnosed, treated, and followed for NET of the urinary bladder at the Hospital and University Complex of Albacete, Albacete, Spain between 1995 and 2010. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 11 men and 2 women. Mean patient age at the time of diagnosis was 71 (range, 57-88; SD, 6.98) years. T4 (6 patients) was the most common T tumor stage, followed by T2 (5 patients) and T3 (2 patients). In the case of N tumor stage, the most common was N2. In the remaining 3 patients, the degree of lymph node involvement could not be assessed. Six presented distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Eleven patients presented small-cell NET on histology. Seven underwent radical surgery (radical cystectomy). All other patients were treated by deep transurethral resection of bladder tumor, except for 1 patient treated by partial cystectomy. Adjuvant chemo-therapy (usually an association of carboplatin/cisplatin and etoposide) was administered to 4 patients. Of these 4 patients, 2 were also treated by pelvic radiotherapy. Two patients survived more than 5 years following diagnosis. In fact, at the time the study data was collected only 4 patients had survived and 2 presented tumor recurrence. Of the 9 deaths, 8 occurred within 6 months of diagnosis and 1 at 24 months. All of them were the result of the disease itself. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendocrine tumor of the urinary bladder is a rare, aggressive tumor with high metastatic potential that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of urinary bladder neoplasms. Despite various multimodality treatments have been used prognosis is poor.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de adenomas adrenales / Surgical treatment of adrenal adenoma

Presentamos nuestra casuística de 60 adrenalectomías por adenoma, desde febrero de 1993 hasta enero de 2010, determinando los aspectos clínicos y patológicos más importantes desde el punto de vista quirúrgico, comparando la técnica laparoscópica respecto a la cirugía abierta. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional valorando características clínicas y hormonales, destacando las variables relacionadas con la cirugía (tamaño y localización del tumor, tipo y duración de la cirugía, tipo de incisión), incidencias intra operatorias, pérdidas hemáticas, datos anatomo patológicos (peso, tamaño y confirmación microscópica), complicaciones pos operatorias. Resultados: De los 60 pacientes, 24 eran hombres y 36 mujeres, con una edad media de 52,5 años (79,3 - 8,1). Todos ellos fueron diagnosticados anatomo patológicamente de adenoma adrenal siendo 50 adenomas funcionantes frente a 10 no funcionantes. De los adenomas funcionantes se establecieron los siguientes diagnósticos: 34 de síndrome de Con (56,6 por ciento), 15 casos de síndrome de Cushing (25 por ciento) y 1 síndrome adrenogenital (1,6 por ciento). La localización predominante fue la izquierda con 38 casos (63,3 por ciento) frente a la derecha con 22 casos (36,6 por ciento).En 39 pacientes se realizó adrenalectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal, mientras que en los 21 pacientes restantes se realizó cirugía abierta. La duración quirúrgica media fue de 147 minutos (230-50). El tamaño medio de la pieza quirúrgica fue de 3,27 cm (8-0,7). La estancia media hospitalaria fue de 6,4 días (20-2). Entre las complicaciones destacaron dos neumotórax, una angina de pecho, una neumonía nosocomial y dos pacientes que precisaron reintervención a las 24 horas de la cirugía por hemorragia y shock hipovolémico. Conclusiones: Debe considerarse la adrenalectomía laparoscópica unilateral como el tratamiento de elección del adenoma adrenal...

We present our series of sixty adrenalectomy for adrenal adenoma, from February 1993until January 2010, determining the most important clinical and pathological aspects from a surgical point of view. We compare the laparoscopic approach with open surgery. Material and methods: Retrospective observational study evaluating clinical and hormonal characteristics. We highlight the surgery-related variables (tumor size and location, type and duration of surgery, type of incision), intraoperative events, blood loss, histological findings (weight, size and microscopic confirmation) and postoperative complications. Results: Total number of 60 patients, 24 were men and 36 women with a mean age of 52.5 years (79.3to 8.1). All of them were histologically diagnosed of adrenal adenoma. 50 were functioning adenomas (10 non-functioning) with the final following diagnoses: 34 Conn’s syndrome (56,6 percent), 15 Cushing’s syndrome (25percent) and 1 adrenogenital syndrome (1,6 percent). The primary side was left with 38 cases(63,3 percent) compared to the right side with 22 cases (36,6 percent).Thirty-nine patients (65 percent) underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy, while the remaining 21 patients had open surgery. The average operating time was 147 minutes (230-50). The mean sizeof the specimen was 3.27 cm (8-0.7). The average hospital stay was 6.4 days (20 - 2). The most important complications were: two pneumothorax, one angina pectoris, a nosocomial pneumonia and two patients who were reoperated 24 hours after surgery due to hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock. Conclusion: Unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy should be considered as the treatment of choice for adrenal adenoma, as it is a safe surgical technique with a low complication rate. It allows a shorter hospital stay and a more rapid incorporation into everyday life...

Vaginal metastasis of a clear renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Remember that kidney cancer is a disease whose incidence is increasing due to increased use of additional imaging tests, which is changing the way of diagnosis, making the classic clinical syndrome synonymous with advanced illness. METHODS: We report the case of a patient with a right renal tumor with renal vein involvement that in the natural course of the disease showed a vaginal metastasis of clear renal cell carcinoma, which was treated with surgical excision. RESULTS: This case is a clear example of how unpredictable is the clinical evolution of this disease and how little we know about the way of dissemination. CONCLUSIONS: Local excision, with or without radiotherapy, or radiotherapy alone are recommended in cases of unique metastasis after nephrectomy.

Metástasis en vagina de tumor renal de células claras / Vaginal metástasis of a clear renal cell carcinoma

OBJETIVO: Recordar que el cáncer renal es una enfermedad cuya incidencia está en aumento debido al mayor uso de pruebas complementarias, lo cual está modificando el modo de diagnóstico, convirtiendo a la clínica clásica en sinónimo de enfermedad avanzada.MÉTODO: Presentamos un caso clínico de una paciente con un tumor renal derecho con afectación de la vena renal intervenido, que en la evolución natural de la enfermedad presentó metástasis vaginal del tumor de células claras; las cuales fueron tratadas con exéresis quirúrgica. RESULTADO: Este caso es un claro ejemplo de lo poco previsible de la evolución clínica y de lo poco esclarecido que está el modo de diseminación de esta enfermedad.CONCLUSIÓN: La excisión local, asociada o no de radioterapia, o la radioterapia sola son las terapias aconsejadas en los casos de aparición de metátasis únicas tras la nefrectomía(AU)

OBJECTIVE: Remember that kidney cancer is a disease whose incidence is increasing due to increased use of additional imaging tests, which is changing the way of diagnosis, making the classic clinical syndrome synonymous with advanced illness.METHODS: We report the case of a patient with a right renal tumor with renal vein involvement that in the natural course of the disease showed a vaginal metastasis of clear renal cell carcinoma, which was treated with surgical excision.RESULTS: This case is a clear example of how unpredictable is the clinical evolution of this disease and how little we know about the way of dissemination.CONCLUSIONS: Local excision, with or without radiotherapy, or radiotherapy alone are recommended in cases of unique metastasis after nephrectomy(AU)

Gran litiasis neovesical por migración de esfínter urinario artificial / Large neobladder lithiasis secondary to artificial urinary Sphincter migration

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Primary retroperitoneal tumors: review of our 10-year case series.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate our case series of patients with primary retroperitoneal tumors over the past 10 years, analyzing clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, tumor pathology, surgical data, concomitant cancer treatments, recurrence and survival rates. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 37 patients with primary retroperitoneal tumors diagnosed at our hospital over the past 10 years. RESULTS: Computed tomography (CT) was the imaging technique used most often and the most accurate. Tumors were malignant in 83% of patients and benign in 17%. Complete tumor resection was performed in 73% of cases; the most common approach was midline laparotomy. Neighboring organs were also removed in 51.8% of cases in which radical resection was performed. The recurrence rate was 45% in patients who underwent surgery. Median time to onset of recurrence following open surgery was 23 months. Repeat resection was performed in 66% of cases with recurrence. Five-year survival following total resection of malignant tumors was 44%. The mean patient survival after repeat resection was 9.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: Primary retroperitoneal tumors are rare and usually malignant. Surgery is the treatment of choice and complete tumor resection is the main factor that determines prognosis.

Tumores retroperitoneales primarios. Revisión de nuestros casos de los diez últimos años / Primary retroperitoneal tumors: review of our 10-year case series

OBJETIVO: Estudio de nuestra casuística de tumores retroperitoneales primarios en los últimos 10 años analizando clínica de presentación, pruebas diagnósticas utilizadas, anatomía patológica tumoral, datos quirúrgicos, tratamientos oncológicos complementarios, índices de recidiva y supervivencia. MÉTODOS: Análisis retrospectivo de 37 casos de tumores retroperitoneales primarios diagnosticados en nuestro hospital en los últimos 10 años. RESULTADOS: La TC fue la técnica de imagen más utilizada y con mejor rendimiento diagnóstico. El 83% de los tumores eran malignos y el 17% benignos. Se realizó cirugía de exéresis total del tumor en el 73% de los casos. La vía de abordaje más utilizada fue la laparotomía media. En el 51,8% de los casos en los que se realizó exéresis radical hubo que realizar una extirpación asociada de órganos vecinos. El índice de recidiva de los pacientes operados fue del 45%. El tiempo medio de aparición de la recidiva tras la cirugía exerética fue de 23 meses. Se realizó resección iterativa de las recidivas en el 66% de los casos. La supervivencia a 5 años después de la resección completa de los tumores malignos fue del 44%. La media de supervivencia de los pacientes tras la resección iterativa fue de 9,8 meses. CONCLUSIONES: Los tumores retroperitoneales primarios son poco frecuentes, siendo habitualmente malignos. La cirugía es el tratamiento de elección y la exéresis completa del tumor es el principal factor que determina el pronóstico(AU)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate our case series of patients with primary retroperitoneal tumors over the past 10 years, analyzing clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, tumor pathology, surgical data, concomitant can-cer treatments, recurrence and survival rates. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 37 patients with primary retroperitoneal tumors diagnosed at our hospital over the past 10 years. RESULTS: Computed tomography (CT) was the imaging technique used most often and the most accurate. Tumors were malignant in 83% of patients and benign in 17%. Complete tumor resection was performed in 73% of cases; the most common approach was midline la-parotomy. Neighboring organs were also removed in 51.8% of cases in which radical resection was performed. The recurrence rate was 45% in patients who un-derwent surgery. Median time to onset of recurrence following open surgery was 23 months. Repeat resec-tion was performed in 66% of cases with recurrence. Five-year survival following total resection of malignant tumors was 44%. The mean patient survival after repeat resection was 9.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: Primary retroperitoneal tumors are rare and usually malignant. Surgery is the treatment of choice and complete tumor resection is the main factor that determines prognosis(AU)

Cuerpos extraños en pene / Penile foreign bodies

OBJETIVO: Mostrar 8 casos de cuerpos extraños en pene.MÉTODOS/RESULTADOS: Realizamos una presentación fundamentalmente visual de variados artilugios o cuerpos extraños de ubicación peneana.CONCLUSIONES: Raramente la existencia de cuerpos extraños peneanos se debe a accidentes. Los cuerpos extraños en pene son colocados por muy diversas razones, destacando principalmente dentro de actividades eróticas o autoeróticas, pudiendo tener consecuencias desde leves, a casos en los que puede acabar en amputación peneana(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To describe 8 cases of penile foreign bodies.METHODS/RESULTS: We provide an essentially visual overview of various objects or foreign bodies affecting the penis.CONCLUSIONS: The presence of penile foreign bodies is rarely due to an accident. These objects are placed for a wide variety of reasons, but primarily for erotic or self-arousal purposes. The consequences of penile foreign bodies can be mild or very severe, resulting in penile amputation(AU)

[Spermatic cord sarcomas: current status and report of four cases]. / Sarcomas de cordón espermático: estado actual y presentación de cuatro casos clínicos.

OBJECTIVE: To study and review spermatic cord sarcomas, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. METHODS/RESULTS: We review the Spanish and international literature and report 4 new cases: 2 patients with well-differentiated spermatic cord liposarcomas (1 treated by simple tumorectomy), 1 patient with liposarcomatous degeneration of a previously excised atypical lipoma, and 1 patient operated for a malignant retroperitoneal fibrous histiocytoma with subsequent local recurrence in the paratesticular region. CONCLUSIONS: Spermatic cord sarcomas are rare entities that usually appear as painless paratesticular mass. They are diagnosed by imaging studies (ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance) and confirmed by histological examination. Spermatic cord sarcomas are treated surgically; the efficacy of adjuvant treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy is still under debate.

[Impact of surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence on the quality of life of patients]. / Impacto de la cirugía de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo en la calidad de vida de las pacientes.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quality of life of patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) operated in the Department of Urology at the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario in Albacete (CHUA). METHODS: Between November 2001 and December 2005, 126 patients with SUI have completed a questionnaire in our centre, before and after undergoing surgery with sling techniques. The questionnaire was the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), which is a specific instrument for the measurement of quality of life in patients with urinary incontinence. RESULTS: Mean patient's age was 57.09 years (DE: 9.57). Twelve women (9.5%) had history of previous urinary incontinence surgery. Mean urinary incontinence evolution time was 114.48 months, with a median of 96 months. 38 patients (30.2%) did not present cystocele, 61 (48.4%) presented grade III cystocele, 25 (19.8%) grade II, and 2 (1.6%) grade I. Before surgery, the scale with best score was Personal relationships, with a mean score of 26.8, whereas the scale with worst scores was Impact of urinary incontinence, with a mean score of 82.96. All operations performed consisted in various techniques of transvaginal slings, except one case (0.8%) in which the Kelly technique was performed. Impact of urinary incontinence was the scale with a greater number of patients improving after surgery; 82.9% of the patients (101 cases) gave a better score. The scales showing greater differences of the mean value comparing before/after surgery were impact of urinary incontinence, limitation on the daily life activity, and limitation on social activity. Personal relationships and General health were the two with the smallest improvements. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery demonstrated to improve the symptoms secondary to this disease, therefore, it results in an improvement of the quality of life that is evident in all scales of the questionnaire, mainly in the impact of urinary incontinence, limitations on physical activity, limitations on daily life, and limitation on social activity scales.