RESUMO
BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study aimed to describe and discuss the epidemiology of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) in Tunisia. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with a MPS disorder in two referral laboratories in Tunisia between 1999 and 2021 were included. Diagnosis was based on clinical and radiological features and analysis of urinary glycosaminoglycans, and enzyme assay in some of the patients. RESULTS: Over the twenty-two years, 199 patients were diagnosed with MPS in Tunisia. The disorder was classified as MPS I, MPS II, MPS III, MPS IV, and MPS VI in 15.07%, 1.5%, 38.69%, 17.08% and 7.03% patients, respectively. Due to the lack of enzyme analysis, the disorder was classified as MPS I or II in 20.6% of patients, and no cases of MPS VII and IX were documented. Gender-ratio was 1.5 and age at diagnosis varied from 3 months to 18 years with a median of 46 months. Patients originated from across Tunisia, and no hotspot site was identified. During the survey period, 3,822,983 births occurred, which provides an estimated global incidence of MPS of 1:20,123 live births (4.97 per 100,000). MPS III was the most frequent type with an estimated incidence of 1.91 cases per 100,000 newborns. CONCLUSIONS: MPS disorders, especially MPS III are relatively frequent in Tunisia, likely due to a high rate of consanguineous marriages. Implementation of enzyme and genetic tests in Tunisia will allow diagnosis confirmation and subtype recognition, as well as accurate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for MPS.
Assuntos
Mucopolissacaridoses , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Incidência , Tunísia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Mucopolissacaridoses/diagnóstico , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Pré-NatalRESUMO
Mucopolysaccharidoses, a rare inherited disorder of lysosomal storage, account for less than 0.1% of all genetic diseases. The penetrance is highly variable and clinically it varies from severe fetal-neonatal forms to attenuated diseases diagnosed in adult individuals. The majority of the patients have been reported to show cardiac abnormalities since pediatric age, however, there is a minority of patients with attenuated disease diagnosed in the adolescent and adult age. The haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy are the current therapies for these disorders. Thanks to these treatments, Mucopolysaccharidoses patients live longer than in the past. Even though enzyme replacement therapy has been demonstrated to reduce left ventricular mass in patients with cardiomyopathy, the efficacy on valve abnormalities has not been clearly demonstrate yet. Furthermore, thanks to the current therapy, to better understanding and to the advent on new technologies, an increasing number of adolescent and adult patients diagnosed with MPS are followed up in the adult echocardiographic laboratory. Indeed, a systematic descriptive study describing the echocardiographic features of valvular involvement and their evolution in adolescent and adult patients lacks of medical literature and this was the aim of our investigation. Our results showed that all the valves are affected, mainly the mitral valve with a higher prevalence compared to the pediatric age. The echocardiographic features of MPS differs from other valvular disease of adolescent and adult age, and knowing them can avoid misdiagnosis. Our observations also suggest that the progression of cardiac involvement slows after the initiation of the therapy in our group of age. Further studies on larger population are required to confirm our results.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Mucopolissacaridoses , Adolescente , Criança , Ecocardiografia , Humanos , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Mucopolissacaridoses/complicações , Mucopolissacaridoses/diagnóstico por imagem , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by progressive multisystem disease. We sought to identify the perceptions and support needs of siblings, who often have lifelong relationships and assume important roles for their brothers and sisters with MPS. We designed an online survey to ask siblings about their experiences through a series of Likert statements and open-ended questions. A mixed methods approach was used to analyze the results. We analyzed eligible responses from 97 participants, ages 18.1-61.2 years, who have brothers and sisters with MPS I, II, III, IV, and VI. Participants reported serving as caregivers for their siblings with MPS, at all ages. While over 62% of siblings often felt sad because they have a brother or sister with MPS, over 90% of siblings reported that they like their brothers and sisters and expressed feelings of pride. Siblings wanted information about MPS, guidance for caregiving activities, genetic counseling, and opportunities to connect with other siblings. Families and professionals should acknowledge the unique experiences and needs of siblings, include siblings in medical conversations and care plans when appropriate, and connect siblings to resources for informational and emotional support.
Assuntos
Emoções , Mucopolissacaridoses/genética , Mucopolissacaridoses/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Adulto , Cuidadores/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/patologia , Irmãos/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare, inherited lysosomal storage disorders characterized by progressive multiorgan involvement. Previous studies on incidence and prevalence of MPS mainly focused on countries other than the United States (US), showing considerable variation by country. This study aimed to identify MPS incidence and prevalence in the US at a national and state level to guide clinicians and policy makers. METHODS: This retrospective study examined all diagnosed cases of MPS from 1995 to 2015 in the US using the National MPS Society database records. Data included year of birth, patient geographic location, and MPS variant type. US population information was obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. The incidence and prevalence rates were calculated for each disease. Incidence rates were calculated for each state. RESULTS: We obtained information from 789 MPS patients during a 20-year period. Incidence of MPS in the US was found to be 0.98 per 100,000 live births. Prevalence was found to be 2.67 per 1 million. MPS I, II, and III had the highest incidence rate at birth (0.26/100,000) and prevalence rates of 0.70-0.71 per million. Birth incidences of MPS IV, VI, and VII were 0.14, 0.04 and 0.027 per 100,000 live births. CONCLUSIONS: This is the most comprehensive review of MPS incidence and prevalence rates in the US. Due to the large US population and state fragmentation, US incidence and prevalence were found to be lower than other countries. Nonetheless, state-level studies in the US supported these figures. Efforts should be focused in the establishment of a national rare disease registry with mandated reporting from every state as well as newborn screening of MPS.
Assuntos
Mucopolissacaridoses , Mucopolissacaridose I , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In this study, the prevalence of different types of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) was estimated based on data from the exome aggregation consortium (ExAC) and the genome aggregation database (gnomAD). The population-based allele frequencies were used to identify potential disease-causing variants on each gene related to MPS I to IX (except MPS II). METHODS: We evaluated the canonical transcripts and excluded homozygous, intronic, 3', and 5' UTR variants. Frameshift and in-frame insertions and deletions were evaluated using the SIFT Indel tool. Splice variants were evaluated using SpliceAI and Human Splice Finder 3.0 (HSF). Loss-of-function single nucleotide variants in coding regions were classified as potentially pathogenic, while synonymous variants outside the exon-intron boundaries were deemed non-pathogenic. Missense variants were evaluated by five in silico prediction tools, and only those predicted to be damaging by at least three different algorithms were considered disease-causing. RESULTS: The combined frequencies of selected variants (ranged from 127 in GNS to 259 in IDUA) were used to calculate prevalence based on Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium. The maximum estimated prevalence ranged from 0.46 per 100,000 for MPSIIID to 7.1 per 100,000 for MPS I. Overall, the estimated prevalence of all types of MPS was higher than what has been published in the literature. This difference may be due to misdiagnoses and/or underdiagnoses, especially of the attenuated forms of MPS. However, overestimation of the number of disease-causing variants by in silico predictors cannot be ruled out. Even so, the disease prevalences are similar to those reported in diagnosis-based prevalence studies. CONCLUSION: We report on an approach to estimate the prevalence of different types of MPS based on publicly available population-based genomic data, which may help health systems to be better prepared to deal with these conditions and provide support to initiatives on diagnosis and management of MPS.
Assuntos
Mucopolissacaridoses , Mucopolissacaridose I , Exoma , Humanos , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/genética , Mutação , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of inherited metabolic diseases, which are characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, and eventually lead to the progressive damage of various tissues and organs. METHODS: An epidemiological study of MPS in Taiwan was performed using multiple sources. The survival and diagnostic age for different types of MPS between 1985 and 2019 were evaluated. RESULTS: Between 1985 and 2019, there were 175 patients diagnosed with MPS disorders in the Taiwanese population, with a median diagnostic age of 3.9 years. There were 21 (12%), 78 (45%), 33 (19%), 32 (18%) and 11 (6%) patients diagnosed with MPS I, II, III, IV and VI, respectively, with median diagnostic ages of 1.5, 3.8, 4.7, 4.5 and 3.7 years, respectively. Diagnosis of MPS patients was significantly earlier in recent decades (p < 0.01). Pilot newborn screening programs for MPS I, II, VI, IVA, and IIIB were progressively introduced in Taiwan from 2016, and 48% (16/33) of MPS patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2019 were diagnosed by one of these screening programs, with a median diagnostic age at 0.2 years. For patients born between 2016 and 2019, up to 94% (16/17) were diagnosed with MPS via the newborn screening programs. At the time of this study, 81 patients had passed away with a median age at death of 15.6 years. Age at diagnosis was positively correlated with life expectancy (p < 0.01). Life expectancy also significantly increased between 1985 and 2019, however this increase was gradual (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The life expectancy of Taiwanese patients with MPS has improved in recent decades and patients are being diagnosed earlier. Because of the progressive nature of the disease, early diagnosis by newborn screening programs and timely implementation of early therapeutic interventions may lead to better clinical outcomes.
Assuntos
Mucopolissacaridoses , Mucopolissacaridose I , Pré-Escolar , Glicosaminoglicanos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Mucopolissacaridoses/diagnóstico , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Triagem Neonatal , Taiwan/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a subtype of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme involved in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I, Hurler Syndrome) was endorsed by the U.S. Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services for universal newborn screening (NBS) in February 2016. Its endorsement exemplifies the need to enhance the accuracy of diagnostic testing for disorders that are considered for NBS. The progression of MPS disorders typically incudes irreversible CNS involvement, severe bone dysplasia, and cardiac and respiratory issues. Patients with MPS have a significantly decreased quality of life if untreated and require timely diagnosis and management for optimal outcomes. NBS provides the opportunity to diagnose and initiate treatment plans for MPS patients as early as possible. Most newborns with MPS are asymptomatic at birth; therefore, it is crucial to have biomarkers that can be identified in the newborn. At present, there are tiered methods and different instrumentation available for this purpose. The screening of quick, cost-effective, sensitive, and specific biomarkers in patients with MPS at birth is important. Rapid newborn diagnosis enables treatments to maximize therapeutic efficacy and to introduce immune tolerance during the neonatal period. Currently, newborn screening for MPS I and II has been implemented and/or in pilot testing in several countries. In this review article, historical aspects of NBS for MPS and the prospect of newborn screening for MPS are described, including the potential tiers of screening.
Assuntos
Doenças por Armazenamento dos Lisossomos/diagnóstico , Mucopolissacaridoses/diagnóstico , Mucopolissacaridose I/diagnóstico , Triagem Neonatal , Glicosaminoglicanos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças por Armazenamento dos Lisossomos/epidemiologia , Doenças por Armazenamento dos Lisossomos/genética , Doenças por Armazenamento dos Lisossomos/patologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/genética , Mucopolissacaridoses/patologia , Mucopolissacaridose I/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridose I/genética , Mucopolissacaridose I/patologia , Qualidade de Vida , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Several studies have been published on the frequency of the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) in different countries. The objective of the present study was to estimate the birth prevalence (BP) of MPS in Brazil. MPS diagnosis registered at MPS-Brazil Network and in Instituto Vidas Raras were reviewed. BP was estimated by (a) the number of registered patients born between 1994 and 2015 was divided by the number of live births (LBs), and (b) a sample of 1,000 healthy individuals was tested for the most frequent variant in IDUA gene in MPS I (p.Trp402Ter) to estimate the frequency of heterozygosity and homozygosity. (a) The BP based on total number of LBs was (cases per 100,000 LBs): MPS overall: 1.25; MPS I: 0.24; MPS II: 0.37; MPS III: 0.21; MPS IV: 0.14; MPS VI: 0.28; MPS VII: 0.02. (b) The overall frequency of p.Trp402Ter was 0.002. Considering the frequency of heterozygotes for the p.Trp402Ter IDUA variant in the RS state, the frequency of this variant among MPS I patients and the relative frequency of the different MPSs, we estimated the birth prevalence of MPS in total and of each MPS type, as follows: MPS overall: 4.62; MPS I: 0.95; MPS II: 1.32; MPS III: 0.56; MPS IV: 0.57; MPS VI: 1.02; MPS VII: 0.05. This study provided original data about BP and relative frequency of the MPS types, in Brazil, based on the frequency of the commonest IDUA pathogenic variant and in the records of two large patient databases.
Assuntos
Iduronidase/genética , Mucopolissacaridoses/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Iduronidase/sangue , Nascido Vivo , Masculino , Mucopolissacaridoses/sangue , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/patologia , Mucopolissacaridose I/sangue , Mucopolissacaridose I/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridose I/genética , Mucopolissacaridose II/sangue , Mucopolissacaridose II/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridose II/genética , Mucopolissacaridose III/sangue , Mucopolissacaridose III/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridose III/genética , Mucopolissacaridose VI/sangue , Mucopolissacaridose VI/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridose VI/genética , Mutação/genéticaRESUMO
Previously, we reported a novel disease of impaired glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) metabolism without deficiency of known lysosomal enzymes-mucopolysaccharidosis-plus syndrome (MPSPS). MPSPS, whose pathophysiology is not elucidated, is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder caused by a specific mutation p.R498W in the VPS33A gene. VPS33A functions in endocytic and autophagic pathways, but p.R498W mutation did not affect both of these pathways in the patient's skin fibroblast. Nineteen patients with MPSPS have been identified: seventeen patients were found among the Yakut population (Russia) and two patients from Turkey. Clinical features of MPSPS patients are similar to conventional mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). In addition to typical symptoms for conventional MPS, MPSPS patients developed other features such as congenital heart defects, renal and hematopoietic disorders. Diagnosis generally requires evidence of clinical picture similar to MPS and molecular genetic testing. Disease is very severe, prognosis is unfavorable and most of patients died at age of 10-20 months. Currently there is no specific therapy for this disease and clinical management is limited to supportive and symptomatic treatment.
Assuntos
Mucopolissacaridoses/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Geografia , Humanos , Masculino , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/etiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/genética , Linhagem , Federação Russa , SíndromeRESUMO
Mucopolysaccharidosis are lysosomal storage diseases, secondary to the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides. Type 1 mucopolysaccharidosis is the most common form and affects between 0.69 and 1.66 newborns per 100,000. The severity of mucopolysaccharidosis is variable with lethal forms in utero and attenuated forms diagnosed in adults. The most common symptoms are short stature, facial dysmorphism, chronic articular pains that can mimic chronic inflammatory rheumatism, axial and peripheral bone involvement, hepatosplenomegaly and an early carpal tunnel. Depending on the type of mucopolysaccharidosis, corneal, cerebral or cardiac involvements are possible. Screening is based on the analysis of urinary glycosaminoglycans. The deficient enzyme assay and the gene analysis confirm the diagnosis. Mucopolysaccharidosis recognition is important for patient management and family screening. In addition, specific enzyme replacement therapy exists for certain types of mucopolysaccharidosis. Role of clinician is important to evoke and diagnose mucopolysaccharidosis.
Assuntos
Mucopolissacaridoses/diagnóstico , Adulto , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Terapia de Reposição de Enzimas , Feminino , Testes Genéticos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/terapia , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal , PrognósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of rare lysosomal storage disorders characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in various tissues and organs. Ocular problems that affect the cornea, trabecular meshwork, sclera, retina, and optic nerve are very common in these patients. However, there was limited literature focusing on comprehensive ocular findings in different types of MPS. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical ophthalmologic features and electrodiagnostic results of 50 Taiwanese patients with a diagnosis of MPS (34 males and 16 females; age range, 1.1-34.9 years; nine with MPS I, 17 with MPS II, 17 with MPS IV, and seven with MPS VI). RESULTS: Among 44 patients with available data for visual acuity, 15 patients (34%) had a visual acuity of less than 0.5 (6/12) equivalent in their better eye, including 71% of those with MPS VI, 38% with MPS IV, 29% with MPS I, and 14% with MPS II. Severe corneal opacities existed in 57% of MPS VI patients and 11% of MPS I patients, compared with none for MPS II and MPS IV patients. Among 80 eyes with available data of refraction, 11 eyes (14%) had myopia (â¦-0.50 D), 55 eyes (69%) had hyperopia (â§0.50 D), and 55 eyes (69%) had high astigmatism (â§1.50 D). Ocular hypertension was found in 45% (28/62) of eyes. There were 16% (14/90), 11% (10/90), 13% (12/90), 31% (27/86), and 79% (30/38) of MPS eyes with lens opacities, optic disc swelling, optic disc cupped, retinopathy, and visual pathway dysfunction, respectively. Intraocular pressure was positively correlated with the severity of corneal opacity (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular complications with significant reduction in visual acuity are common in MPS patients. Diagnostic problems may arise in these patients with severe corneal opacification, especially for those with MPS VI and MPS I.
Assuntos
Mucopolissacaridoses/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Fenótipo , TaiwanRESUMO
Las mucopolisacaridosis son enfermedades multisistémicas que requieren para su atención equipos multidisciplinares amplios. Por ello se hacen necesarias recomendaciones específicas para la transición de la edad pediátrica a la adulta en este grupo de pacientes. Para la superación de las barreras que pudieran surgir durante la transición, los autores consideran esencial realizar un plan flexible con un coordinador de todo el proceso, sistematizar la información a través de un informe de alta pediátrico estandarizado, formar al paciente y su familia sobre la enfermedad y mostrar las características del sistema sanitario en esta nueva etapa. El objetivo final es que al concluir la transición a la edad adulta se haya maximizado la autonomía y el potencial de desarrollo del paciente y este reciba una atención sanitaria adecuada durante dicho periodo de transición (AU)
Mucopolysaccharidosis are multisystem diseases that require large multidisciplinary teams for their care. Specific recommendations are therefore needed for the transition from childhood to adulthood in this patient group. To overcome the barriers that might arise during the transition, the authors consider it essential to implement a flexible plan with a coordinator for the entire process, systematising the information through a standardised paediatric discharge report and educating the patient and their family about the disease, showing the characteristics of the healthcare system in this new stage. The final objective is that, once the transition to adulthood has been completed, the patient's autonomy and potential development are maximised and that the patient receives appropriate healthcare during this transition (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adulto , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Cuidado Transicional/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Raras/epidemiologia , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/epidemiologia , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Diagnóstico PrecoceRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most inborn errors of metabolism result in mental retardation and death due to accumulation of abnormal metabolites in the tissues. The presence of abnormal metabolites in the urine of mentally retarded individuals has been used worldwide for detection of inborn errors of metabolism. The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of inborn error of metabolism in mentally retarded children. METHODS: Random urine samples were collected from mentally retarded children at two institutes in Kathmandu, and also from 60 normal children from Duwakot, Nepal after obtaining consent from their parents. Urine was then tested for the presence of amino acids, keto-acids, mucopolysaccharides, fructose, glucose and protein using simple qualitative color reactions in the laboratory. RESULTS: The tests detected eight cases of Phenylketonuria, which turned out to be false positive on paper chromatography. Three cases of presence of ketone bodies (acetoacetate), ten cases of α-ketoaciduria, two cases of mucopolysaccharidosis and twelve cases of fructosuria amongst the sixty-two urine samples were also found. CONCLUSIONS: Certain aminoacidurias, ketoacidurias and mucopolysaccharidoses might be present in the Nepalese population. Within consideration of errors, the samples tested positive should be evaluated by a higher end method to confirm the utility of these simple and cheap chemical tests.
Assuntos
Deficiência Intelectual/epidemiologia , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/diagnóstico , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/epidemiologia , Pessoas com Deficiência Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/urina , Cetose/epidemiologia , Cetose/urina , Masculino , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/urina , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/urina , Nepal/epidemiologia , Fenilcetonúrias/epidemiologia , Fenilcetonúrias/urinaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to obtain data about the epidemiology of the different types of mucopolysaccharidoses in Japan and Switzerland and to compare with similar data from other countries. Data for Japan was collected between 1982 and 2009, and 467 cases with MPS were identified. The combined birth prevalence was 1.53 per 100,000 live births. The highest birth prevalence was 0.84 for MPS II, accounting for 55% of all MPS. MPS I, III, and IV accounted for 15, 16, and 10%, respectively. MPS VI and VII were more rare and accounted for 1.7 and 1.3%, respectively. A retrospective epidemiological data collection was performed in Switzerland between 1975 and 2008 (34years), and 41 living MPS patients were identified. The combined birth prevalence was 1.56 per 100,000 live births. The highest birth prevalence was 0.46 for MPS II, accounting for 29% of all MPS. MPS I, III, and IV accounted for 12, 24, and 24%, respectively. As seen in the Japanese population, MPS VI and VII were more rare and accounted for 7.3 and 2.4%, respectively. The high birth prevalence of MPS II in Japan was comparable to that seen in other East Asian countries where this MPS accounted for approximately 50% of all forms of MPS. Birth prevalence was also similar in some European countries (Germany, Northern Ireland, Portugal and the Netherlands) although the prevalence of other forms of MPS is also reported to be higher in these countries. Birth prevalence of MPS II in Switzerland and other European countries is comparatively lower. The birth prevalence of MPS III and IV in Switzerland is higher than in Japan but comparable to that in most other European countries. Moreover, the birth prevalence of MPS VI and VII was very low in both, Switzerland and Japan. Overall, the frequency of MPS varies for each population due to differences in ethnic backgrounds and/or founder effects that affect the birth prevalence of each type of MPS, as seen for other rare genetic diseases. Methods for identification of MPS patients are not uniform across all countries, and consequently, if patients are not identified, recorded prevalence rates will be aberrantly low.
Assuntos
Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Coleta de Dados , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Glicosaminoglicanos/urina , Humanos , Incidência , Japão/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/classificação , Mucopolissacaridose I/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridose II/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridose III/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridose VI/epidemiologia , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative frequency and clinical features of different varieties of mucopolysaccharidosis. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, from January 2013 to December 2015. METHODOLOGY: All patients who had any feature suggestive of mucopolysaccharidosis were screened with detailed history, clinical examination and skeletal survey. Urine samples for glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) levels and dried blood samples for enzyme analysis were sent. Patients who were confirmed to be suffering from mucopolysaccharidosis were included in the study. The data was analysed using SSPS version 20. RESULTS: A total of 90 confirmed MPS cases, 52 males and 38 females, median age 42 months, were included. Hurler/Hurler-Scheie syndrome was the most frequent (75, 83.33%) followed by Morquio (6, 6.67%), Sanfilippo (5, 5.56%), Maroteaux-Lamy (3, 3.33%) and Hunter (1, 1.11%) syndromes. Consanguinity was present in 79 (87.78%) cases. Common features were hepatomegaly (80, 88.89%), coarse facies (70, 77.78%), splenomegaly (67, 74.44%), and bone disease (48, 53.33%). CONCLUSION: Most common variety of mucopolysaccharidosis was Hurler/Hurler Scheie followed by Morquio syndrome. Most of the patients were born to consanguineous parents. Common clinical features were coarse facies, hepatosplenomegaly and dysostosis multiplex.
Assuntos
Glicosaminoglicanos/urina , Mucopolissacaridoses/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/urina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/urina , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of rare lysosomal storage diseases including a great number of polymorph syndromes, each being related to a particular mutation responsible for a deficiency of glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes, leading to an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in tissues. Many of them are diagnosed in children or teenagers and have a severe prognosis because of organ failure, and are consequently usually not seen by the adult rheumatologist. However, some of them have a more progressive presentation, with musculoskeletal symptoms at the forefront and a lifespan that nearly reaches that of the general population. These milder forms are more likely to be diagnosed in adults, in patients who have suffered for years and sometimes even decades with unrecognized mucopolysaccharidosis. Indeed, they can sometimes mimic inflammatory rheumatic disorders, and therefore be misdiagnosed for a long time. Recognition and diagnosis of these attenuated forms can be a real challenge as they lead to moderate and/or nonspecific symptoms such as joint pain or stiffness. Hence, rheumatologists should know about them. Early diagnostic is essential since specific treatment, like enzyme replacement therapy, is now available for some subtypes and might, if given early, slow down the development of tissue damage, which is unfortunately irreversible. This article provides the opportunity to review the main clinical and radiographic features, the diagnostic strategy and the update of management, which should be multidisciplinary and led by an experienced physician in a reference centre. The contribution of the rheumatologist is important to ensure symptom control and prevent complications.
Assuntos
Terapia de Reposição de Enzimas/métodos , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/terapia , Doenças Reumáticas/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Comorbidade , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Mucopolissacaridoses/diagnóstico , Prognóstico , Doenças Raras , Doenças Reumáticas/diagnóstico , Doenças Reumáticas/terapia , Reumatologia/métodos , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Comprehensive analytical and diagnostic performance of urinary quantitative GAG analysis with dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) and the age-specific reference ranges were determined in Turkish population, which has a high incidence of MPSs. Precision, linearity, recovery and accuracy/trueness, limits, stability, and effect of interferents were tested according to CLSI guideline. Clinical performance was evaluated with ROC analyses including 45 MPS patients. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were <5% and <11% (CV), respectively. LoD was 9.12mg/L and LoQ was 23.3mg/L. The highest reference values for urinary GAG excretion were determined in an age-specific manner. In the 2-13years age cohort, a cut-off of 89.86mg/g creatinine resulted in 98.07% sensitivity and 93.33% specificity. Proteinuria and hematuria interfered with analysis in some instances. Neither leukocyturia nor pH changes affected the assay. Stability analysis indicated that freezing urine samples for transfer is unnecessary. Of the 45 MPS patient samples evaluated, only three tested negative including MPS II, IVA and VI. Despite limitations due to low levels of urinary GAG excretion in some cases, urinary GAG analysis with DMB with its technical simplicity, low cost, and precise quantitative results, is a valuable screening method, particularly in populations with a high rate of MPSs.
Assuntos
Corantes/metabolismo , Glicosaminoglicanos/urina , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Azul de Metileno/análogos & derivados , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/urina , Urinálise/normas , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Limite de Detecção , Masculino , Azul de Metileno/metabolismo , Valores de Referência , Turquia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to compare mean values for birth body length and weight between patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) and the general population. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of birth anthropometric data was performed for patients (n = 103) with MPS I, II, and VI. Two-tailed t tests were used to compare mean values for body length and weight at birth between patients with MPS and the general population. RESULTS: Mean values for birth body length and weight for all studied groups were greater than in the general population. For body length the differences were statistically significant. When considered individually, 53% of patients were large for gestational age (LGA) and 30% were macrosomic. The highest percentage of LGA was observed in MPS II males and MPS VI females (55% and 56%, respectively), while the highest percentage of macrosomia was observed in MPS VI males (36%). CONCLUSION: At the time of birth, MPS patients were larger than those in the general population. High birth weight and/or LGA can be suggestive of MPS disease and should raise suspicion aiding early disease recognition.
Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Estatura , Macrossomia Fetal/epidemiologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Polônia/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Las mucopolisacaridosis (MPS) son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades lisosomales ocasionadas por la deficiencia de las enzimas responsables de la degradación de los glucosaminoglicanos (GAG). Gracias a los actuales avances terapéuticos y al hecho de que un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces implican una mejor evolución clínica, nos hemos planteado el proyecto FIND. El objetivo es realizar un cribado selectivo para detectar posibles casos de MPS en niños. Para ello se facilita a los pediatras que deseen participar, un kit como herramienta diagnóstica en el que se suministra la información y el material necesario para la obtención de muestras de orina y sangre impregnadas en papel analítico. Sobre la muestra de orina se mide la concentración de GAG y creatinina urinarias. A aquellas muestras con una concentración elevada de GAG, se podrá realizar la cuantificación de la actividad enzimática presente en la muestra de sangre, con la finalidad de identificar el posible defecto enzimático (AU)
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a heterogeneous group of lysosomal diseases caused by the enzymatic deficiency of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) degradation. Due to recent treatment advances and the fact that early diagnosis and treatment implicate a better clinical outcome, we have started the FIND project. This project is a selective screening to detect possible MPS cases in children using urine and blood samples impregnated in analytical paper, easily obtained in the Pediatrician consultation and supplied in the FIND kit. We carry out the GAG determination on urine sample. Over those urine samples with an elevated GAG concentration; we can perform the enzymatic activity on the blood sample, in order to identify the possible enzyme defect (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Projetos , Mucopolissacaridoses/diagnóstico , Mucopolissacaridoses/epidemiologia , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Diagnóstico Diferencial , PrognósticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare lysosomal storage disorders, characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within multiple organ systems including the eye. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of glaucoma in patients with MPS, as well as the characteristics, diagnosis and management of patients with MPS and glaucoma. METHODS: A multicentre retrospective case-note review was carried out by ophthalmologists from four tertiary referral centres to identify patients with MPS who had been treated for glaucoma. Clinical ophthalmological data were collected using standardized data collection forms. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were identified (27 eyes) of 294 patients with MPS. The prevalence of glaucoma ranged from 2.1% to 12.5%. The median age at diagnosis of glaucoma was 8 years. Diagnostic evaluation of glaucoma was incomplete in many patients: intraocular pressure was documented in all eyes, but optic disc appearance was only assessed in 67%, central corneal thickness in 26%, visual fields in 19% and iridocorneal angle in 15%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MPS need regular assessment for possible glaucoma including during childhood. Multiple factors contribute to the challenges of assessment, diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma in these patients.